首页 > 期刊投稿知识库 > 英语毕业论文企业文化

英语毕业论文企业文化

发布时间:

英语毕业论文企业文化

推介使用谷歌语言工具,以下是我直接在谷歌翻译中翻译过来的句子,肯定有错误,只是中西方用语差距的不同,你可以修改修改就能用了!授人以鱼不如授人以渔!!!Abstract:Is the soul of an enterprise culture, a culture of enterprise is not impossible to maintain the creative and sustainable management ability. Culture is the philosophy of business management and entrepreneurship as the core, pool employees a sense of belonging, enthusiasm and creativity of the people of this management theory. In the increasingly fierce market competition, corporate culture survival and development of enterprises growing role as the cornerstone of the competitiveness of enterprises and the key factors determine the success of enterprise. Can achieve the success of an enterprise culture, the failure of corporate culture can destroy a business, so the core of enterprise culture is a key factor in competitiveness. Excellent corporate culture, will greatly promote the development of enterprises, the contrary would undermine the company's organizational capabilities. This paper introduces the theory of corporate culture review, and on the North Taiwan Iron and Steel Group and organizational culture had a brief, analysis of the Northern Iron and Steel Group sets the course of carrying out corporate culture problems and the cause, and to explore measures to address these problems, methods, designed to help North Taiwan Iron and Steel Group to establish a sound corporate culture-building mechanism, establish a sound corporate culture and enhance the core competitiveness of enterprises.Keywords:Corporate Culture Core Competence Entrepreneurship

用英语演讲企业文化范文

Young man should have a great ambition and be quick in action

鸿于志,敏于行

选手:xx

Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen!

女士们,先生们,下午好!

My name is Linan ,from the group of communication and training.

我叫李楠,来自沟通与培训组。

I am so happy to stand here to give a speech to all of you.

今天,我非常荣幸能够站在这里发表演讲。

The topic of my speech is Young man should have a great ambition and be quick in action.

我今天演讲的题目是鸿于志、敏于行。

Everybody knows that it’s important for a company,a team ,a person to have a great ambition,which can give us power and lead us to make a target.

每个人都知道设立一个远大的志向对于一个公司、一只球队甚至是个人来说,都是非常重要的,它能振奋人心并指引我们实现目标。

unfortunately,most people are the giants of thought and the dwarfs of action. Why?

不幸的是,大多数人都是思想的巨人,行动的矮子。为什么会这样?

Because it’s easily to make a decision but hard to put it into practice.

因为"想去做"只是一念之间的事,落实它却很难。

Do you remember all those years when you said again and again that you could lose weight but finally failed?

还记得那些年你们一遍又一遍地吵着要减肥却最终又失败的时候嘛?

I have no time to do exercise!My boyfriend don’t supervise me!I’m so hungry that I have no energy to run!

我没时间锻炼!我男朋友没有监督我!太饿了,人家吃饱了才有力气减肥嘛!

Liar!WuZhengQi did it,right?

,人家吴峥琦就成功了,不是么?

Actually,what you need to do is just wash the first dish.

其实,你要做的的只是从"洗第一个盘子"开始(踏出第一步)。

The main point of washing dishes theory is that if you start to wash the first dish in the kitchen,you can finish the rest of them. Every dish is the first one.

"洗盘子"理论主要意思就是,当你洗完厨房内第一个盘子时,你就能洗完剩下所有的盘子——剩下的都是"第一个盘子".

When I came to the new group,I knew that the Internet would be the main form of service industry.

当我来到我们组时,我明白了互联网将会是服务行业的主流方向。

But I didn’t know much about the internet,except that it changes constantly.

但是,除了变幻莫测以外,我对互联网其实并不了解。

So I had no choice but to learn many things about Internet.

所以我不得不去学习互联网的.相关知识。

I read 3 books in two months,which are Wechat Marketing And Operation,The Sense Of Participation ,and The Adweek Copyright Handbook.

最近两个月,我看了3本相关的书,《微信营销与运营》、《参与感》、《文案训练手册》。

Even though I just wash 3 dishes,I am on the road of expedition,right?

虽然只有三本,但至少已经开始了,不是吗?

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart

心之所愿,无往不至

选手:汪xx

When I looked at the calendar this morning, I found that today is the one-year anniversary of me joining the corporation. It is my pleasure to be lucky enough to stand here and give a speech to all of you on such a special day.

今天早上翻看日历的时候,我才发现,今天是我加入公司整整一周年的纪念日。在这一天里,我能够站在这里做这一番演讲,让我感到来自生命的善意祝福。

For me, however, my job is very meaningful. The experience gained from it helps me a lot, not only for that it gives me the opportunity to meet amazing people from almost everywhere, but also that I can learn a lot from different people around me in the workplace. As most of them always find ways to develop their talents. During this year, I am able to see that I am changing every day. With the help and under the influence of my outstanding colleagues, I have grown into a career-woman from a rookie.

对我而言,现在的工作是非常有意义的,在这里,我认识了许许多多有趣、上进、不断进取的同事,他们用自己的独有的精神力量影响着我,从他们每一个人的身上,我都能学到很多终身有益的东西。这一年里,我每一天都能够感觉到自己的进步与蜕变,在同事们的影响与帮助下,我从一个稍带书生气息的职场菜鸟,成长成了一个能够独当一面的人。

A motivational and inspirational movie named whose youth is not confused is coming soon, which is written by a famous young writer Liu Tong. Fortunately, I never feel confused. I always firmly believe that as long as I love something, I will definitely be about to get it done well. My strong belief owes to my mom, as she never hesitate chasing for her dreams. She even went to Shanghai alone while took the vocational skills examinations during her pregnancy. Since my early childhood, I remembered that there are two desks in my house, one for mom, one for me. We do homework together every night. The only difference between us is that she set homework for her own, which makes it easier to understand why she managed to get 3 certificates in only three-years times. Even now, she still always put many books on the table by the bed. She is my idol now and forever, and someone who I will always be proud of. One day, I may become someone like her.

最近上映了一部非常有名的电影,叫做《谁的青春不迷茫》。我很庆幸,自己是一个一直拥有者坚定目标的人。这一切都归功于我的母亲,她一直是我崇拜的偶像。她在工作之后一直在不断努力,从来没有停止过学习。当年,她在怀孕期间,独身一人去了上海参加职业技能考试,并成功获得资格证书。打我记事起,我们家就有两张书桌,小的是我的,大的是她的。每天晚上,我完成作业时,她也会在自己的书桌上完成自己给自己布置的任务。利用三年时间,攻克下了三张资格证书。直到现在,母亲的床头柜上每天都会堆满了各种书籍。她是我的偶像,也是我的骄傲。我也不断努力着,希望有朝一日能够成为像她一样的人。

To make the full use of every minute of my life and not to feel guilty in heart, I never stop striving to improve myself, to perfect myself. A good enterprise always comes with the culture that triggers self-improvement from everyone involved. As Steve Jobs said: stay hungry, stay foolish.

我不断努力,就是为了让老年的自己,在回首过往时,能由衷地为过去的自己感到骄傲!最完美的企业精神,莫过于让员工拥有不断向前的动力。就像乔布斯所说:求知若饥,虚心若愚。

Abstract: the soul of an enterprise is the enterprise culture, a culture of the enterprise is not impossible to keep creativity and sustainable management ability. Enterprise culture is the enterprise management philosophy and enterprise spirit as its core, enterprise staff belonging, enthusiasm and creativity of humanistic management theory. In the fierce market competition, the enterprise culture to the survival and development of enterprises, the bigger role as the cornerstone of competitiveness of enterprises and the key factors in the process of company. Successful enterprise culture can accomplish a enterprise, the enterprise culture can also failed to destroy an enterprise, enterprise culture is the key factor of the core competitiveness of the enterprise. Excellent enterprise culture, will greatly promote the development of enterprises, and will weaken the organizational function.This paper firstly introduces the related theory of enterprise culture, and the north Taiwan iron and steel group co. And the enterprise culture of a simple introduction, analyzed the north Taiwan steel company in enterprise culture construction process problems and reasons of the problems, and discusses the countermeasures to solve these problems, the method, the goal is to help north Taiwan steel group company establish perfect enterprise culture construction mechanism, establishing and perfecting the enterprise culture atmosphere, to enhance the core competitiveness of the enterprise.Key words: the core competitiveness of enterprise culture, and the spirit of enterprise

企业文化论文参考文献英语

企业文化在企业管理中作用分析摘要:企业文化是现代企业发展的必要管理理论,企业文化建设是当前许多企业的经营管理目标,本文从企业文化在企业发展中的作用,以及企业文化对企业管理工作的顺利进行和弥补作用进行的分析中,得出了企业文化在企业管理的重要性。关键词:企业文化 企业管理企业文化是以形成最佳的经营管理机制为目的,以人的管理为主体,以企业精神的共识为核心,以群体行为为基础的企业管理学说。因而,一个企业要做好企业管理工作,就必须建设企业文化,以先进的企业文化来指导企业管理,使企业能够实现其经济效益最大化目标。可见,企业文化在企业管理中存在着一定的重要性,下面笔者将针对其重要性做具体分析。一、企业文化有利于企业的发展在过去计划经济时代,企业是政府的附庸,企业管理所依据的主要是政府的命令或政府直接的行为。然而随着市场经济时代的来临,以及市场经济的迅速发展,政府逐渐推出了企业管理,同时形成了一种新的管理理论,那就是企业文化。目前,传统的管理理论已经不能适应经济发展的需要,逐步兴起的企业文化已经成为企业管理的核心和灵魂所在。企业文化在企业的发展过程中起着巨大的作用,笔者将其归纳为以下几方面:(一)有利于良好企业形象的塑造随着市场经济的迅猛发展,经济逐步实现全球化,企业之间的竞争越来越激烈。当前,企业的竞争不仅仅是人力资源的竞争,产品质量的竞争,还包括企业形象,企业信誉的竞争。企业形象体现着企业的管理理念和企业员工的精神面貌,一个具有较强竞争力的企业应该具备的外在形象包括公司的外部容貌、内部环境及设施等等。企业形象因各企业的管理理念和实际情况的不同而存在一定的差异,但其根本原因还是企业文化建设的区别。建设企业文化不仅有利于企业塑造良好的形象,在一定程度上增强企业的市场竞争能力,还可以激发员工的自豪感,从而使员工产生一种归属感,更加努力工作,极大地促进企业发展。(二)有利于人力资源队伍的建设一个企业的基本信念是由企业文化所决定的,企业文化能够引导企业树立正确的价值观念,使员工自觉遵守道德规范,形成良好的精神面貌。因而企业文化作为企业管理的指导思想,是提升人力资源凝聚力和综合素质的决定性因素。对于一个企业来说,其经营管理的最终目标是利润最大化,市场经济条件下的企业都是以经济效益最大化为经营原则和目标的。而企业的效益好坏,企业的利润高低,实际上取决于企业的员工的工作能力与工作效率,取决于他们能够创造的剩余价值。建设企业文化可以为员工建立一座共同的精神乐园,在这种企业精神的领导下,员工会同企业达成一致的发展目标,使员工与企业之间的联系更加紧密,员工形成一荣俱荣。一损俱损的思想观念。这样在一种企业文化、企业精神的指导下,就会形成一支良好的人力资源队伍,他们具有较强的团队合作精神,爱岗敬业,他们同时具有较强的使命感和责任感,主动积极地提高自身的专业技术水平和综合素质,自主创新,共同为企业的可持续稳定地发展而奋斗。(三)有利于形成人本文化现代社会倡导“以人为本”,作为现代企业,其企业管理,在企业文化的指导下提倡人性化管理。企业通过提高对员工个人方面的重视程度,可以进一步促进员工积极主动地工作,提升其自主创新能力。企业文化的人性化管理理念,促使了人本文化的形成与发展,使员工产生一种公司就是家的感情。企业领导关心每个员工,关心他们生活中的方方面面,从而使企业和员工之间建立一种稳定浓厚的感情,员工会以更加努力的工作行为和实际的绩效产出来回报企业。员工之间也互帮互助,和睦相处,不仅强化了团队精神和企业凝聚力,同时也创设了和谐的工作环境,使工作热情和工作效率都得到相应的提高。以我国的“海尔”集团为例,其在学习日本和西方企业文化精髓的同时,根据本国国情和本企业的特点打造了中国企业文化的精典“海尔品牌”、“海尔文化”,海尔文化促进了海尔企业管理实现制度化、程序化、规范化、人性化,通过企业形象的塑造与人本管理,提升了海尔的竞争实力,使海尔名扬海内外,走出了国门,迈向了世界市场。(四)有利于企业的创新现代企业的生存与发展离不开创新,需要创新来为企业注入生机和新鲜的活力。当前科学技术日新月异,市场经济环境瞬息万变,企业竞争日益激烈,在这种不断更新不断变化的条件下,企业唯有适应各种发展变化,在管理机制、管理理念等方面不断地创新,才能得以健康的生存和更好地发展,在企业竞争中占据一定的优势地位。而企业的创新需要企业员工来完成,员工必须充分发挥其主体作用。但是硬性的规章制度与奖惩规则,只能引起员工的不满情绪,无法从根本上使员工自愿地进行创新工作,因此,需要企业文化的思想指导。企业文化对于企业创新的优势作用,是任何其他条文明确的制度不能够取代的。员工的创新意识与创新能力是企业创新的基础,而创新意识的形成离不开企业文化的引导。企业文化可以激发员工的创新热情和竞争意识,使其主动学习先进知识文化、紧跟科技前沿,从而进行自主创新,为企业创造更大的经济效益。二、企业文化有利于企业管理的进行通过以上分析,可知企业文化的人本管理思想,强调了人的主体作用,突出了人在管理中的主体地位,触及了企业管理的“精神与灵魂”,即企业的价值观、信念与宗旨、社会责任、团队精神与群体意识。围绕企业改革和发展两大任务,企业文化的任务就是要引导员工逐步转变观念,树立市场、竞争、效益观念,实现企业文化建设与企业管理的双赢。(一)目标相同企业管理为的是企业长期的生存与持久的发展,为的是提升企业的社会效益,实现经济利益最大化。而企业文化建设的目标与此相同,企业文化的建设也是为企业更好地生产经营而服务的,企业文化只是通过另一种手段方法,来达到企业经济效益最大化的目标。(二)企业文化保证企业管理的顺利进行企业文化在与企业管理相同目标的作用下,指导企业员工树立正确的思想,使其形成较强的责任感,从而激发员工的工作热情和使命感,使员工积极主动地参与到工作当中,很大程度地克服了在传统的企业管理中员工可能存在的不满情绪与思想方面的阻力,保证了企业管理的顺利进行。(三)企业文化引导企业管理的方向企业文化具有一定的导向作用。思路决定出路,企业要发展,观念是先导。企业要坚持产权清晰、责任明确、政企分开、管理科学的现代企业制度方向,就要充分运用企业文化的导向作用,遵循市场经济规律,最终实现企业的目标,服行企业对国家、社会和员工的责任。例如,日本在战后的短短20年,从一个管理落后的国家,一跃而成为经济强国,它的企业管理现代化历程比西方短,成效大,其主要原因是既重视本国民族文化传统,又重视引进吸收与消化西方现代化管理的技术与方法,并将现代化管理和传统文化结合起来,形成一套独具特色的企业管理模式,突出展示了以人为企业核心的理念,重视由企业最高目标、经营哲学、价值观与道德观凝结成的企业精神建设,倡导共存、共荣、共识的群体意识。正是这些企业文化促进了管理不断创新,造就了如本田、松下、索尼公司这些长盛不衰、世界著名的大企业。三、企业文化对企业管理有一定的弥补作用在当今市场经济社会中,经济效益决定着企业的命运,企业创造经济效益是通过企业管理而实现的,在企业经济效益的驱动下,企业必然要提高劳动生产率,改善经营管理,而文化作为影响人类及整个社会进步的巨大力量,必然对企业管理产生不容忽视的影响。美国著名企业家戴尔·卡耐基认为,在一定的社会生产条件下,人们依照某些原则、程序和方法,对管理对象的诸要素及其运动过程加以计划、执行和控制.达到预期的目的,这就是管理。企业管理是用计划、组织、指挥、控制、激励等方式,按照一定的生产经营目的而开展的实践活动。由此可见,企业文化建设与企业管理具有相互包容关联、互促互赢、相互补充完善的辩证关系。目前,企业及员工的世界观和价值观等,都随着计划经济时代向市场经济条时代的变化,而有所转变,企业管理功能受市场和人们思想意识以及企业实际的影响,不可能发挥出人们想象中的、理论上的全部功能,企业文化则可以弥补企业管理功能中的不足并给予补充、完善。企业为了实现经营目标与长期的发展,必须及时了解企业管理中存在的问题,并给与这些矛盾及时的解决。在某些特定的情况下,公司制度,硬性命令与规定会失效或者效果不显著,这就需要企业文化的补充。通过企业文化的协调作用来补充企业管理所不能达到的管理目的,可以维护企业内部领导和员工之间的和谐和团结。企业员工是企业生产经营的主体,企业管理的主要管理对象即为员工,因为员工是提高企业竞争能力,实现企业经济效益最大化目标的根本。所以,企业必须做好管理工作,而这又需要企业文化的帮助。企业文化建设可以促进员工与领导的相互沟通,可以激励员工努力工作,只有员工充分发挥其主体作用,具有强烈的工作热情,才能更好地发挥其自主性与创造性,为企业带来更大的经济利益。四、结语综上所述,企业文化在企业管理中是十分重要的。企业管理是企业经济利益和社会效益最大化得以实现的必要途径与方法,而企业文化是企业管理的指导思想与理论基础,是企业管理顺利进行的保障,是企业管理中缺陷的补充。市场经济条件下,企业之间的竞争离不开企业文化的竞争。虽然企业文化不像企业管理那样,可以较为直接地看到经济效果,产生不了直接的经济效益,但它决定了企业管理的方向,同时也决定着企业能否长期地生存并持续的发展。企业管理离不开企业文化的指导与补充,企业只有建设企业文化,并以之为管理理论和指导思想,才能够使企业管理充分有效地发挥其管理作用,使员工团结自主地勤奋工作,以实现企业经营目标为己任,才能使企业在现代激烈的竞争环境中立于不败之地。参考文献:[1] 冷冰.浅谈企业文化在企业管理中的作用 [J].公会论坛.2006年第4期[2] 李秀梅.论企业文化构建的迫切性和重要性 [J].经营管理。2008年第8期[3] 王树贵.加强企业文化建设促进企业健康发展.当代经理人.2006年第21期希望对你有帮助

商务英语翻译的文化适应性问题探析内容摘要:随着世界经济一体化趋势日渐明显,国家、地区之间联系紧密化态势不断增强,商务英语在经济组织交往活动中日益发挥重要作用,如何有效利用商务英语实现经济组织交往的无缝对接成为亟待解决的难题。本文立足商务英语翻译现状,以企业文化理论为分析背景,以企业文化适应性特征为切入点,探讨了商务英语翻译过程中的文化适应性问题,以期为商务英语翻译工作提供有益借鉴和参考。 关键词:商务英语 翻译 文化适应性 商务英语翻译问题概述 从某种意义上讲,国家间、地区间经济交往的实质是国家文化、地区文化的互动、交流与接触。在不同文化的交互过程中,首先面临的问题就是弱化和消除文化障碍,实现文化沟通和交流。英语作为国家间、地区间经济交往和商务往来的有效工具,具有存在形式的多样性与表达方式的多样性等特点,这些特征不仅反映着国家、地区间文化的差异性,也影响着商务英语翻译的准确性。因此,商务英语翻译必须注重国外企业与本国企业之间的文化差异。 作为一种社会存在,文化环境是一个不同区域、行业、特征和性质的文化交织影响、能动渗透的有机能动场,尤其是其中的文化传统有着较强的波及力和辐射力,会对社会生活的诸多方面造成影响效应,商务英语翻译也不例外。企业文化是企业在长期发展演化过程中形成的历史产物,是社会文化在企业组织管理实践中的折射,也是西方管理理论在经历“经济人”、“社会人”、“自我实现的人”与“复杂人”假设之后,对组织的文化价值、经营理念、管理过程和未来经营业绩关系的又一次重新审视。企业文化渗透于企业的一切活动中,又流溢于企业的一切活动之上,既是企业组织的基因和灵魂,也是企业持续发展的潜在动力和重要保障;既是制度性和非制度性、绝对性和相对性的辩证统一,也是批判性和继承性、稳定性和动态性的有机结合。商务英语翻译过程中的文化适应,应关注和把握以下三个方面: 重视商务英语翻译的外部环境 密切关注国外企业文化的最新成果,充分考虑商务英语翻译的外部环境。随着我国企业改革的深化、国内市场经济进程的加快和经济全球化趋势的推进,东西方文化的交流渗透成为不可逆转的历史潮流,学习市场经济国家先进的企业文化逐渐成为培育和创新我国企业文化的重要途径。但实事求是地分析,对如何借鉴、学习、吸收和内化国外先进企业文化成果在商务英语翻译过程中的适应性、可移植性等关键问题,并没有从理论上、学术上加以明确描述和科学阐明。目前,商务英语翻译过程中对待国外先进企业文化或多或少、或轻或重存在以下方面的不足: 局限和满足于介绍和翻译,而忽视根据本土社会特殊的文化背景、文化特征进行商务英语翻译,以及对国外先进企业文化的吸收、修正和创造性地应用。 忽视文化盘点,即忽视国外先进企业文化的制约性,不注重原产地文化与本土文化的差异性与共同性分析,在商务英语翻译过程中未从方法论角度把握其来龙去脉,缺乏对国外先进企业文化成果深层次的文化学透视。 缺乏对我国本土文化独特性的准确认识,未经系统科学地分析就直接从国外先进的企业文化中演绎出各种关于商务英语翻译的手段、设想、方式与模式,企图在较短的时期内来完成商务英语翻译工作。实践证明,单纯考虑国外企业文化,不会产生与国内企业商务交往活动的英语翻译理论及实践操作方式,也不会促进国内企业商务活动的持续、深入和有效地开展,反而给企业商务交往与活动的有效开展带来很大障碍,造成企业生存力、发展力和竞争力的巨大破坏。把握国内外企业文化之间的内在耦合性与本质差异性 事实上,在商务英语翻译过程中一个非常重要而又往往被忽视的环节就是文化的适应性。当然,文化适应性的观点决不是否认不同商务英语翻译的相互借鉴和学习,但国外先进企业文化不能原封不动地渗透到商务英语翻译过程中,商务英语翻译必须注意文化适应性问题。国内外众多专家学者的研究表明,东西方管理文化存在诸多方面的差异,彼此各有优势,很难找到一条客观、有效的商务英语翻译标准。对于商务英语翻译过程中存在的一些现象和问题,究其本质是由国内外企业文化之间的内在耦合性与本质差异性所致。因此,在我国企业商务英语翻译过程中一定要注意文化适应性问题,注重跨文化的比较研究,反映国外企业文化特性,才能更好的造就企业商务英语翻译在企业商务创新实践中实现实质性转变和历史性飞跃。本文认为,商务英语翻译的首要前提应该是注重国内外企业文化之间的内在耦合性与本质差异性,有效体现国内外企业商务活动交往之间的文化适应性。 全面构建商务英语翻译的内部环境 文化适应性作为商务英语翻译能否取得实质性突破的关键要素,说明商务英语翻译要与我国传统文化价值理念相一致。商务英语翻译是体现企业亚文化的一种手段,是社会宏观的大文化在企业中的投射,因而商务英语翻译必须体现出社会的宏观大文化。所以,中国企业商务英语翻译的文化基础就应该是中国优秀的传统文化,中华五千年的历史文化是人类的一种本原文化,是在与各种文化、思想、观念不断碰撞、借鉴和融合的历史过程中积淀而成,是中华民族智慧的结晶与表征。儒家的“仁、义、礼、智、信”思想,道家的“天人合一”思想,“道可道,非常道”的真理追求意识,“无为而治”的管理意识和“有生于无”的创造观以及孙子的“五事七计”以道为首的思想等优秀传统文化,无疑是培育和建构商务英语翻译理论的重要基石。 长期以来,我国商务英语翻译理论缺乏中国特色,究其原因主要是没有把中国传统文化中的思想精华借鉴和应用到商务英语翻译理论中。实践表明,只有建立扎根于现实土壤、具有我国传统文化特色的商务英语翻译,才能使企业发展具备永续的原动力和发展的持久力。例如,海尔的“In Good Faith Forever”,集中反映了德、信、人尊、人与人之间亲和的传统精神在企业文化中的延续,也正是由于海尔把传统文化作为商务英语翻译过程中的一个重要因素和重要组成部分来认识,从无序到有序,从有序到体系,从体系到高度,从高度到延伸,将诸多竞争对手远远抛于身后。 综上所述,商务英语翻译应置于中国的传统文化背景中去深入探讨。研究商务英语翻译与中国传统文化和当代社会文化的关系,商务英语翻译与企业管理、企业环境、企业发展和企业创新的关系等,提出具有中国特色的商务英语翻译理论体系和模式,加强商务英语翻译理论应用、测量、评估、诊断和追踪的实证性研究,从而形成独具特色的商务英语翻译管理模式,推动经济组织交往的无缝对接。 参考文献: 1.赵雪涛,王明辉.浅谈商务英语翻译与文化关联[J].商场现代化,2008(24) 2.杨恕华.商务英语翻译的特点[J].科技信息(学术版),2006(7) 3.刘洁.谈商业广告翻译中的文化对接现象[J].商业时代,2008(36)

企业文化方向论文

企业文化随着全球化进程的加快与知识经济的快速发展应运而生,在管理科学体系中占据重要的地位。以下是我为您整理的企业文化方向论文相关资料,欢迎阅读!

摘 要 :国企作为现代化社会经济重要组成部分,从新中国成立后的计划经济到改革开放后的市场经济,一直以来扮演着重要角色。思想政治工作是国企持续发展的思想保障,企业文化是国企保持活力、彰显企业文化实力的重要依托,紧抓思想政治工作,是国企战胜困难、齐心协力解决问题的重要利器,企业文化是在漫长的发展历程中,逐步沉淀下来的企业精神品质。在社会经济供给侧大改革的态势下,如何加强国企思想政治工作中企业文化的融入,是企业管理必须攻克解决的重点难点。文章从当前国有企业思想政治工作和企业文化建设这二者存在的问题切入,提出有效地解决策略,改善企业文化无法有效融入思想政治工作中的窘境。

关键词 :国有企业; 企业文化; 思想政治

改革开放以来,国企在“实事求是,解放思想”的指导下,开发对外口岸,设立经济特区,是我国经济实现飞跃式发展。继承优秀的历史传统,造就了国企的辉煌,把思想政治工作的开展,定位为企业紧抓工作,作为企业日常工作的重要组成部分,帮助国企建立集体荣誉、团结实干的文化氛围,从思想教育上,拉近员工与企业的距离,激发员工工作热情,进而促进企业获得重大成果和经济利益。

企业文化有利于员工快速融入企业内部,认可企业的价值观和发展方向,通过企业自身特点,对员工起到熏陶鼓励作用,将企业目标与个人意志有效结合,企业利益和个人价值实现统一,最终为企业带来经济利益。思想政治工作和企业文化二者密切联系,相辅相成,立足于员工,从员工中来,到员工中去,思想政治工作和企业文化存在一定的交叉范围,加强思想政治工作中企业文化的融入,是国企在市场经济变革下急需处理解决的关键问题。

一、企业文化融入国企思想政治工作的枷锁

1形而上的企业文化。目前,国企的企业文化千篇一律,缺乏企业个性和特色,企业缺乏品牌管理意识,对自身的文化定位模糊不清,敷衍了事,通常都是提出一个象征性的宣传口号,缺乏新意,缺乏特点,形而上的企业文化广泛存在,企业管理过于粗放式。国企管理者对企业文化定位认知不足,没有从企业发展历程中沉淀企业精神、文化内涵,这也充分反映出来,国企工作人员工作态度不端正,缺乏企业责任心,工作没有积极性,工作质量低,只关注企业业务发展和经济效益,未能立足企业长远利益,只追求一时的利益。同时,这也反映出来管理者缺乏创新意识,思想保守,循规蹈矩做事,做事情前缺乏思考,不敢大胆做事,不去踏实做事。企业文化,是一个企业综合实力的象征,企业需要借助企业文化来突出企业特色,彰显企业魅力,必须剔除过去“虚、大”的文化理念,诸如“拼搏、奋斗”等宣传口号。

2.思想政治工作形式主义严重。形式主义问题,伴随历史长久地存在于我国政治工作中,尚且一直未能有效解决。在国企思想政治工作开展过程中,形式主义问题突出,诸如收到上级指示后,下发倡议文件,提出口号,只停留在宣传阶段,并没有开展实质性的教育活动,导致上级指示,只是存在于纸面,没有深入人心,没有将上级精神指示融入到企业文化中,对实际工作未能产生根本的改观。长期以来的'形式主义的工作模式,已经深入到职工的骨子里,严重阻碍思想政治工作的开展,给企业文化融入思想政治工作带来不利影响。

3.思想政治工作和企业文化作用没有辩证统一看待。思想认识片面性和极端性,广泛存在于国企领导干部思想认识上。一方面,有的企业认为开展思想政治工作或者发展企业文化是无用功,都是虚的套路,不会给企业带来实质性的影响,于是,在企业中,缺乏开展思想政治工作和企业文化的工作热情,消极对待,敷衍了事。这种思想认识,完全无视共产党人,在艰苦卓绝的政治和社会环境下取得的成就,忽视了意识的能动作用,企业没有正确的发展方向作为指导,注定会被社会的洪流所吞噬。另一方面,有的企业将在思想政治工作融入企业文化放在过高的位置,认为只有加强思想教育,形成统一战线,保持思想高度一致,企业的任何问题都能迎刃而解,严重夸大企业文化作用。这两方面的认识,都是没有将思想政治工作融入企业文化作用辩证统一看待,思想认识局限,对思想政治工作融入企业文化定位不准确,主观夸大或忽视这二者的能动作用,形成对思想工作融入企业文化的外部枷锁。

二、加强国企思想政治工作中企业文化的融入策略探讨

1开拓创新,稳步发展。20世纪改革开放以来,我国摆脱计划经济体制的束缚,开始与世界接轨,经济发展水平,实现井喷式增长,以经济建设为中心,依然是我国社会发展的首要任务,所以,国企要认清当今竞争激烈,变革与挑战并存的经济形势,升级产业链,调整产业结构,转型发展,增加企业文化软实力,加强人才引入,加强在思想政治工作中企业文化的融入,在发展中沉淀企业精神,营造良好的企业文化,使企业形成良性循环,激发每一位员工的积极性和创造性,将企业目标与个人意志有效结合,企业利益和个人价值实现统一,形成企业和个人共同发展的长效机制。

2.实事求是,从实际出发。员工,是构成企业的基本元素。每一位员工的工作态度、工作方法、工作效率,影响企业在社会中的竞争力,保持员工思想统一,形成认可的价值观,加强思想政治教育是必不可少的工作。随着社会的飞速发展,企业要与时俱进,及时调整思想教育中的工作内容,注入新活力、新思想,将新时代下的思维模式融入到企业文化中,让思想政治工作真正的企业服务;国企要大胆创新,不拘一格,将国企资源平台优势发挥出来,形成鲜明的企业风格,根据企业特点,有针对性的思想政治教育,及时发现企业内部存在的思想问题,及时帮助员工解决思想问题,从实际出发,满足企业和员工的实际需求;企业文化要有真情实感,得到员工的一致认同,不能再是口号的宣传,生硬的说教,把企业价值观强行加给员工,反而适得其反,员工形成抵制情绪,不利于工作的梳理进行。企业应该正确引导,通过趣味知识竞赛、职工文化墙、技能之星评选等活动,让员工主动融入企业文化当中,发挥职工的主观能动性,加强职工的知识素养和专业技能培训,强化员工在企业存在感和主人翁意识。

3.明确需要,不断探索。企业文化在思想政治工作中的融入,根本上是为了增强企业实力,提升企业品牌价值,提高企业社会竞争力,这就要求国企要根据自身发展需求,统筹规划,对自身企业文化定位清晰,对思想政治工作开展制定策略,将二者统一结合起来,共同提升企业凝聚力,发挥高新人才作用,开发新产品,丰富企业产业链。企业要增强自主创新能力,积极引进高技术人才,保持企业活力,鼓励科研创新,保证企业在从事领域内专业领先能力。

4.提高党建工作水平。为了满足形势下改革工作需求,国企各级党组织必须调整工作思路,改变思维模式,加强党政工作在思想政治工作中的地位,传承历史优秀传统,采用新的工作方法,加强党风廉政建设,加大对党员干部的约束,杜绝工作中建立派系,树立个人山头和小团伙;引入互联网思维,通过网络渠道,加大宣传力度,保证信息的时效性,摒弃过去政治学习,读报,讲座的学习模式,将企业思想政治工作和党建工作结合起来,提高党建工作水平,加强党风廉政建设,通过网络学习的方式,保证党员先进性,提高党员素质,保证党员在工作中保持优良作风,恪守原则,加强企业从业人员的廉洁教育,相互监督,进一步提升企业各级党组织的联络力度。

三、结语

人才是企业不断进步的源泉,在我国经济改革的形势下,国企面临体制改革,产业链升级,产业调整转移的挑战,需要企业从实际出发,确定企业发展方向,规划产业布局,实现精细化管理;同时,国企需提高职工综合素质,开展多种方式的培训育活动,从专业上、思想上提升职工素质,增强企业文化连锁效应,科学开展党建工作,做好宣传工作,做好党员干部思想政治工作,加强企业文化融入到思想政治工作中去,促进国企健康全面发展。

参考文献:

[1]张逊瑜.如何加强国企思想政治工作中企业文化的融入探讨[J].企业导报,2015.

中英文化英语毕业论文

1、 (英语系毕业论文)中西戏剧发展快慢对比及其原因 摘 要 中西戏剧都有悠久的历史,无论是西方戏剧还是中国戏剧,都起源于民间,并与原始人祭祀神灵,欢庆节日的仪式密切联系在一起的。回顾希腊戏剧产生形成的历史,它发展快,成就高,在世界上的影响很... 类别:毕业论文 大小:95 KB 日期:2007-07-14 2、 (英语系毕业论文)从中美管理方式的不同透析中西方文化差异与整合 摘 要随着全球化的来临,中国与外界的交流越来越频繁,特别是在商界。本论文主要探讨中美在管理上的交流。如今的商界,如同一个大家庭,参与者遍布世界各地。正是由于这个原因,各国的管理模式也趋于一体化。但是... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-26 3、 (英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理 摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增,同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现,跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道,这种文化差异时而会造成... 类别:毕业论文 大小:96 KB 日期:2007-06-26 4、 (英语系毕业论文)中西服饰文化差异对语言的影响 摘 要中西服饰受其各自不同哲学和文化的影响体现出不同的特征:儒家思想和大陆文明使中国服饰呈现出繁冗,宽博的特征。它不注重外表的装饰,以宽松的衣服遮掩身体的曲线,在思想上追求人格的完美,以“谦谦君... 类别:毕业论文 大小:90 KB 日期:2007-06-25 5、 (英语系毕业论文)快餐食品对中西方传统饮食文化的影响力 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:88 KB 日期:2007-06-25 6、 (英语系毕业论文)从礼仪角度谈中西文化的差异性 摘 要自古以来,中国就是一个以礼待人的礼仪之邦。而在不同的国家、不同的地区,礼仪的形式也有所不同。本文主要从礼仪的角度谈论了礼仪与中西方文化之间的联系及相互影响,目的是为了消除不同国家之间的不同... 类别:毕业论文 大小:85 KB 日期:2007-06-23 7、 (英语系毕业论文)中西饮食文化及其差异 摘 要中国悠久历史5000年,西方世界五六百年的社会历程。中国有灿烂丰富、博大精深的饮食文化;西方国家则有精巧专维、自成体系的饮食文明。民以食为天,中国有自己独特丰富的饮食文化底蕴。然而今天除了中国... 类别:毕业论文 大小:100 KB 日期:2007-06-21 8、 (英语系毕业论文)中西酒店文化比较及探讨 摘 要在经济蓬勃发展的今天,旅游业风风火火地发展起来了,作为与旅游业相配套的酒店业也相应的完善起来,且更加趋于国际化。中国已经入世,这更给中国的酒店业带来一个新的发展契机,但世界上酒店发展规模空前,...

浅谈中英文化差异新教学大纲规定,九年义务教育初中英语教学的目的是培养学生运用英语进行交际的初步能力。英语考试也逐渐向这个方向靠拢。每种语言都背负着其民族的历史、文化。要谈到英语教学就不能回避中英文化的差异问题。(一)中英文化存在的一些差异一、从词汇的文化负载中看差异词汇中往往负载着许多文化内涵。如在中国虎代表的是百兽之王,词汇中常常出现将门虎子、虎踞龙蟠、虎虎生威等词语。但在英语中虎的地位被狮子所代替。如英国的别称以及前段时间播映的动画片《狮子王》。又如狗在中文中多含贬义:狗腿子、狗奴才等;而在英国文化中狗是人类最忠实的朋友。再如力大如牛(译成:as strong as horse)、a busybody并非大忙人而是“好管闲事的人”、black tea并非黑茶而是红茶、黄色书刊不是yellow book而是dirty book……;因而如果根据字面直译就会闹出大笑话。二、从姓名及称谓中看差异1、结构形式上的差异我们知道,姓名由姓(Family name)与名(Given name)组成。英国人的排列方式是名(Given name)+姓(Family name)而中国人的却与之相反是姓(Family name)+名(Given name)。为什么会存在着这种差异呢?这与两个国家人民的价值观念有关。由于相较而言英国封建制度存在的时间较短,资本主义发展得较早,尤其是文艺复兴时期宣扬个人主义至上的思想,崇尚以个人为中心深深地影响了英国人。因此这个国家的国民具有强烈的个体本位主义,反映在名字上就出现了名在前的形式。而我们中国具有漫长的封建历史,儒家思想根深蒂固。强调中庸之道,反对个人主义。最重视的是家族的传承,体现的是一种群体本位主义。由此出现了将家族标识-姓放在前面而代表个人的名放在后的形式。2、姓氏使用的差异由于我国早在远古姓氏出于图腾,进入封建社会后常以出生地、封地、官职、封号等作为姓氏的来源,将姓作为一种荣誉。因此在姓氏的选择和使用上显得极为谨慎和谦恭。而英国人却在姓名的使用上充分显示了其自我、自由的特征。有人以职业为名,如:Cook库克(厨师);有人以家庭关系为名,如:Johnson约翰逊Jackson杰克逊;有人以天气、季节为名:Snow斯诺(雪)Frost梅弗罗斯特(霜)、Summer萨默(夏天);有人以圣经人物为名:Bible拜布尔(圣经);以长相为名:Strong斯特朗(强壮的)、Longfellow朗费罗(大个子);以神话人物为名:Apllo阿波罗(太阳神)、Hymen海门(婚姻之神)、Mars马尔斯(战神);以动、植物名称为名:Bull布尔(公牛)、Wolf沃尔夫(狼)Rose罗斯(玫瑰花);有的以日期为名:May梅(五月)、Sunday森迪(星期日);以物体名称为名:Stone斯通(石头)、House豪斯(房屋)等林林总总,形形色色,不论美丑。有姓驼背的、有姓坏蛋的、有姓胖、姓瘦的、有叫教堂,有叫灌木(Bush)的……因而我们在翻译英国人姓名时往往用音译而不用直译法。而在取名时又存在着一个更大的差异,那就是在中国社会中子孙及其他位卑者要避尊者讳,不能直呼长辈及位尊者的名讳。例如:唐太宗名李世民,结果观世音菩萨也被改名为观音菩萨;唐朝诗人白居易一生不咏海棠只是因为他的母亲名为海棠。而在英语国家长辈则以子孙使用自己的名字为荣,于是出现了类似查理一世、查理二世的称谓,以及爷孙同名的事来。3、称呼上的差异在非正式场合、平辈人中英两国人都喜欢相互以名字来称呼以示亲密。但在上下辈中的称呼上,就存在着较大的差异。在中国人中需要严守上下辈分的差别,对长辈要用尊称不能直呼其名;在英语国家中则不一定严格照此实行,在非正式场合中或双方关系较为密切的情况下,则常以名字来相互称呼,对父母、师长、领导、长辈等均是如此。常常出现对父母直呼其名的情况。在对亲戚的称呼中,中国人分得很细而英语国家则是较为粗略。例如:uncle一词的中文含义就有伯伯、叔叔、舅舅既有有血缘关系的也有无血缘关系的,是个统称。这与两个国家人民的家族观念有着很深的关系。此外,中国人喜欢以职务和身份来称呼,如王老师、老王等;而英语国家则不会如此,如王老师-Mr./Miss/Mrs Wang 而不叫Teacher Wang(但在我们初中人教版教材中就曾出现这种错误)。语言是一种工具,由于社会的发展必然出现一些新的词汇,而留心身边日常生活中出现的英语词汇是十分必要的。如:E-mail(电子邮件) teletext(图文电视)homepage(主页) mobile telephone(移动电话)……三、日常交谈规则习惯由于我们日常对语言的听说能力注重得还是不够,尤其是对某些词句在具体语境中如何运用仍没有引起足够的重视。故而在实际运用中常常出现使用了一些句子无论是从语法角度来说还是从语言角度来说并没什么问题的句子但却与英语国家的风俗习惯不相符或是想当然地套用一些母语的语言形式即通常所说的Chinese English,犯一些令人啼笑皆非的错误来。举几个例子来说明。例如:1、对赞扬和感谢的反应就存在着有趣的差异。中国人将自谦当作一种美德,因而在遇到外国人的赞扬与感谢时,外国人说:You did so well. 中国人的第一反应就是:Oh,no.或是Well,just so so.而这一反应将引来赞美者的不快。正确的回答应是:Thank you.2、电话的开场白上的差异Hello, this is May speaking. Is that Mary?这是英语中一个简单的电话开场白。中文意义为:您好,我是梅。你是玛丽吗?这里就不能简单地运用中文想当然地用上I am和Are you的句式。3、其他差异对于中国人来说纯粹属于自己的隐私似乎没有,而英国人却极为重视个人隐私。中国人见面喜欢问的年龄、收入、婚姻家庭状况等问题在英国人看来是让人极其恼火的事情。对于这种问题的答案往往是:It’s none of your business.(这不关你的事。)还有一些习惯用法。如:圣诞快乐应为Merry Christmas而不是Happy Christmas同样是快乐不能通用仅仅是因为习惯而已(初中英语沿海版教材中就曾出现这一错误)。当然,作为分析性语言的中文与作为综合性语言的英语在语法上还存在着相当大的差别。在这里就不详细说明了。(二)如何在教学中解决这些问题浅谈中英文化的差异的意义在于:由于存在差异,我们的母语-中文势必对我们学习英语产生一些负迁移作用,如何通过了解差异,在教学中 避免母语产生的负面影响提高学习效率?主要做好以下两点工作:首先,在搞好英语日常教学的基础上,有目的地在教学中渗透一些交际文化背景。可以让学生进行一些辅助性的课外阅读,或组织英语原声电影、录像、VCD的观看,运用网络,通过一些有声的无声的,有形的无形的,字面的形象的社会文化内涵渗透到学生心中,让学生尽可能地触摸到最原汁原味的英语世界。其次,为学生提供尽可能多的练习机会。在课堂上用纯英语教学,创造一些英语听说氛围。通过创造模拟情景,鼓励学生大胆开口实践,使学生身临其境反复练习,形成良好的英语语感,增强学生在实践中的应对能力。总之,在英语教学中忽视中英文化差异的教学将会直接影响到教学质量,影响学生交际应用能力的提高。唯有注重提高学生对语言背后所蕴含的文化背景、社会知识的了解,才能真正让学生在语言学习运用中立于不败之地。最终达到学习的目的。

隐喻的中西方文化差异Abstract: Metaphor is not only a linguistic phenomenon but also a way of thinking, which is one of the basic methods for human survival and cognition. It is rooted in language, thought and culture. Through the analysis and comparison of the use and concept of metaphor in different countries, we find that its universality and commonality of the metaphor as a basic human cognitive activities. However, metaphor in different languages reflects a different way of thinking and behavior and different cultural patterns. Owing to the different two modes of thinking and culture, there are some differences in understanding and formation that can not be ignored. Therefore, this paper will discuss the questions above.Keywords: metaphor, cross-cultural differences, translation. 1. Preamble Metaphor is a common phenomenon, a large number of people use metaphor to express his feelings and ideas. British scientists rhetoric Richards (IARichards) once said, "We have day-to-day in almost every conversation in three sentences may be a metaphor." According to statistics, life around the use of 4,700,000 new metaphor, 2,140,000 stereotypes of metaphor. Research in recent years, there is a great metaphor. This article introduced in the definition of metaphor on the basis of summing up the similarities and differences between Chinese and Western metaphor, and that its culture, precisely because of the prevalence of metaphor, how to translate metaphor has become a very important issue in the latter part of the article is aimed at The translation of metaphor put forward a translation of the three strategies. This paper studies aimed at trying to comparative analysis of English and Chinese in a large number of day-to-day language of metaphor to express, find out the differences and similarities, in order to be able to accurately translate the article in good metaphor to explore a little. This article is about the metaphor from the point of view to explore the differences in the way Thinking allows us to a deeper understanding of language, culture, the relationship between thinking and can more clearly understand the different ethnic language, culture, way of thinking, and so on On the nature of translation. 2. Metaphors in Chinese and Western studies In 1980, Lakoff & Johnson (George Lakoff & Mark Johnson) made a "living metaphor" (Metaphors We Live By) of the book, a modern metaphor to open a new chapter in the school. Domestic academia on the "metaphor" This is also a review of the system, such as Lin Wu's book "Study abroad metaphor Looking at the" beam-setting "metaphor research," Li of China and India "The main subjects Metaphor" and so on. However, the Chinese metaphor for the academic study of rare. "Chinese scholars on the study of metaphor, I am afraid the real contribution should be through the metaphor of the Chinese characteristics of research and study, through the metaphor of the Chinese and other languages in the comparative study of metaphor, metaphor for the establishment of a more general theory of the strong, and even unique The basis. "Lin Wu in the book" metaphor of the basic research the status quo, and the focus of the trend "in the main text, put forward a model of cultural metaphors with the relationship:" The language of metaphor is the emergence of expression into the system, which not only reflects the psychological Structure, but also reflect the different cultural models also play a role. " 2.1 metaphor in the relationship between Chinese and Western cultures 2.1.1 relationship Correspond to (corresponding) refers to the relationship between the two languages, English and Chinese in the meaning and metaphor in the use of the same meaning in the culture and image, and so on and-one mapping. This is because the survival of mankind itself, as well as all the external conditions, including the geographical environment, climate change, and the whole of human society and cultural background are certain there is a common, which formed a common humanity of their own and the outside world on many issues. In the "angry" mood, the English are angry that physiological responses, such as: grind one's teeth. (Teeth), bare one's teeth. (Ziyaliezui) an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth. (an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth), reflecting the Chinese culture on the basis of common experience. 2.1.2 non-correspondence English-Chinese metaphor, after all, rooted in two different languages on the soil, resulting in very different cultural backgrounds, fully corresponds to the few metaphors, the vast majority do not have common cultural identity in order to form the corresponding non-(non-corresponding ) Relations. Non-relationship metaphor can be roughly divided into three categories: 2.1.2.1 Vehicle counterpart, Yu Yi does not correspond to English and Chinese in some cases there is the same as a metaphor, but in their own language and culture in the meaning of the metaphor means is different, even different. Peacock in the Chinese culture is auspicious, a symbol of beauty, especially the Dai people to express jumped Pavaner desire to better their own. If the Chinese people will be likened to a peacock, it means that beautiful light. However, in English, peacock (Peacock) is a symbol of pride, often interpreted as arrogance, love to show off. For example, They were eager to take the young peacock down a peg. (They want to pressure a pressure that the arrogant young guy's momentum). 2.1.2.2 counterpart Yu Yi, the vehicle does not correspond to English-Chinese two nations due to their differences, from different angles to look at things the same, it will be a different analogy. As a result both English and Chinese language there is a different vehicle, but Yu was referring to was basically the same as the meaning of the case, that is the same kind of non-correspondence. Such as: a person described as the hearts of anxious, restless, Chinese is "ants on the hot pan" and English is "a cat on the bricks". There are similar: To kick down the ladder. Guohechaiqiao. 2.1.2.3 Yu Yu Yi and do not correspond to Some of the metaphors Yu-Yu has a meaning and it refers to the language and culture are closely related, in another culture often can not find corresponding Yu and Yu Yi, which resulted in a culture known as the default Phenomenon. For example: in English "my rib" I am referring to Yu's wife, it comes from the "Bible" story, that is, Adam (Adam)'s wife Eve (Eve) God is with a piece of Adam's rib made. The Chinese did not, "the Bible" cultural background, and there was no analogy with rib habit, so the formation of a corresponding gap. Similarly, "ugly duckling" (Ugly Duckling) refers to the metaphor will get ahead of Little, "early bird" refers to the diligent Yu, in the words into Chinese language, culture, as a result of the default, can not find a corresponding relationship between metaphor . 2.2 Chinese and Western cultures in the common metaphor Metaphor and culture to a large extent, human beings have a common understanding, rooted in the people's own day-to-day experience. In this connection, often between different ethnic groups are the same. Both English and Chinese language in a lot of abstract thinking that the metaphorical expression is the same. For example: the human child in the period to form a position on the concept of input in that direction in the form of many of them easily understood, including the position expressed by metaphor, which has become a fixed pattern of thinking. For example: The term direction (up, down) to describe people's social status, physical, emotional, and other abstract concepts to the case when the good is up; Sad is down. We Chinese are also not difficult to find a similar sentence: "Gas Prices "," enhance the social status "and" vision "and" depressed. " Since the objective laws of nature with the relative unity of different cultures to understand the nature of the course is similar to the cognitive experience. 2.3 in the metaphor of the difference between Chinese and Western cultures As the English-Chinese geographical and cultural differences, living in two different cultures in practice there are a lot of differences, and different life experiences and let people understand the objective world, a different language carries different nationalities Cultural characteristics and cultural information. Understanding of metaphor is not out of socio-cultural backgrounds. For example, social and cultural impact of the color words is deep-rooted, some color words in different cultures in an entirely different meaning, has a distinctive feature of our national culture. Such as: English, said in green "inexperienced" and "shallow knowledge", such as: "a green hand", "I was very green when I started working there." The Chinese like to express the meaning of the word is "yellow" Such as: "Huangmaoyatou" and "flower girl". Cultural background knowledge is the metaphor to create a rich source of thinking, as the Eastern and Western cultures are different, metaphors in English and Chinese applications there are also significant differences. 2.4 The metaphor of the cross-cultural differences between Chinese and Western influence Language is a cultural change in the development of the complex, subject to political, economic, historical, environmental and other factors. Chinese and Western styles are different, but in many ways to infiltrate interaction and integration, language differences and cultural metaphor for the inevitable impact is complex and diverse. 2.4.1 metaphorical expression of cultural conflict Different nationalities in the world to observe a different perspective and ideas, different cultures there are a lot of conflict or inconsistency metaphor. If the animal metaphors, in English Long (dragon) is a kind of evil, will belch out smoke monster. "Bible", the dragon is the devil, is a symbol of evil and terror, there is a terrible vicious meaning. The Chinese dragon is in power, the auspicious symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese have "Wangzichenglong", "descendants of the Dragon." The same analogy in different cultures, different meaning, of two cultures "Dragon" to give a different connotation. 2.4.2 differences in living conditions caused by differences in metaphor In English is a lot of metaphor and marine-related, such as: all at sea (at a loss what to do); drink like a fish (drinking cow); fish in the air (Shuizhonglaoyue); give up the ship (give up). In Chinese, there are a lot of the horse or cattle pose a metaphor, such as: "a willing ox" (a willing horse) Gan means to serve the community; "old ox" (a working horse) refers to the hard work; "bragging "(Talk horse), and so on. This is due to different geographical location and natural environment caused by different cultural metaphor. Britain is an island, ultimately, dependent on the sea, and China is a large agricultural country, farming culture deeply feudal society. 2.4.3 different religious and cultural differences arising from the metaphor Religious culture of human culture is an important part of it by referring to the nation's religious beliefs, such as the formation of the sense of culture, "the Bible" in the story, with its language and meaning has become a feature of daily life in the West in terms of . For example, power of the keys (the keys to the kingdom of heaven; the rights of the Pope), in the right church, but in the wrong pew (in general is right, but not the details), and so on. Chinese culture and Buddhism, Taoism and more affected by the impact of Confucianism, the Chinese, there are a lot of related argot. "Jiehuaxianfo"; "临时抱佛脚"; "做一天和尚撞一天钟" and so on. It is due to the diversity of culture, resulting in the differences between English and Chinese metaphor. This difference to the cross-cultural communication has brought the impact. As a foreign language students, do not understand the difference between metaphor and language will make mistakes, sometimes mistakenly made good as pleasant, caused by either one or both of the conversation unpleasant; also sometimes mocked as a praise. When a native language other operators do not understand the language contained in the cultural differences, it is often difficult for such language to accurately convey the meaning of the understanding, difficulty to the cross-cultural exchange. 3. Metaphor of the three methods of translation The translation of metaphor not only accurately and effectively convey the original language, but also loyal, accessible, complete reproduction of the original language and cultural connotation and significance. But in the West because of cultural differences and different, so the translation of metaphor in English on the need to consider not only its literal sense, and so on, but also in the West should pay attention to their cultural differences. American Eugene Nida said: "Translation is the exchange between the two cultures. The real success of the translation, even more familiar with the two cultures is more important to master two languages. Because only in terms of its role in the culture In the background will only be meaningful. "Therefore, the translation of metaphor to combining Chinese and Western cultures, and cultural backgrounds to leave the translation, can not be achieved between the two languages of the real exchange. 3.1 Literal Translation The so-called "literal" is asked in the language when conditions permit, in the translation to maintain the original content, but also to maintain the original form, in particular, to maintain the original metaphor, the image of the nation, and other local color. In the literal translation method to maintain the original expression of the culture and at the same time, target enriched the vocabulary and expression, such as: "a Pandora's box" (Pandora's Box); "chain reaction" (chain reaction). In the original text and asked the information contained in the same culture, we should adopt the literal translation method. (1) You are my sunshine, my only sunshine. : You are my sun, my only sunshine. In Chinese and English, the sun is warm, beautiful, in both languages, they disseminate information on culture are the same. As a rule, and asked in the original text in the form of grammatical structure, similar to the style or color on basically the same, the law should adopt the literal translation. (1) He is another Shylock. : He is also a Shylock. (Note: Shakespeare's Shylock is "The Merchant of Venice" in a very harsh mean business People. ) (2) To carry coals to Newcastle. : Coal to Newcastle. (Note: "Newcastle" is a British coal, coal is superfluous here.) 4. Conclusion Metaphor as a way to figures of speech or skills, a unique feature of grammar, which features make the sentence more flexible and constructive, but the United States. Is a metaphor to express more complex ideas and things, a powerful tool. Wherever and whenever people in their daily lives are often used metaphor. As Mr. Lin Zhuang said: "The metaphor is no longer expanding his knowledge and understanding of a passive process. To help us in the form of new knowledge, the metaphor has played an active role so that we can better a better understanding of the objective world." In English and Chinese Metaphorical significance of the difference is due to cultural differences between East and West, that mode of thinking, moral values and sense of difference. However, different cultural impact of what is the concept of metaphor, it is still a need to examine and address the problem. At the same time, in the metaphor of the process of translation must pay special attention to cultural differences. The best translation is to be able to accurately reflect the true meaning of the author, as well as its cultural and stylistic characteristics of the translation, that is, the translation of metaphor to make as much as possible the original language and to achieve the target language culture, and so on.

Western novels in comparison First, Western novels in the history of the development of Western novels are based on myths and legends of its origin. In ancient times, science developed, out of fear of nature, the working people out of the imagination is the key to many of the world "God", describing the personification of God is a myth; who will describe the deified, that is legend. China opened the world's Pan story, the story of San Juan Five Emperors, the West Greek mythology, Roman mythology, Norse mythology, and so on are all typical works. East and West, the original novel, is closely linked with the history, as historical records complement the event. China Pre-Qin prose in the fable, the Han dynasty in the history books, biographies, the Wei and Jin Zhi, Zhi-person novel; the West of ancient Babylon, "the United States and Ji Jia disabilities epic", in ancient Greece, "Homer's epic," "Aesop's Fables "And so on, fall into this category, fiction, novels such novels have been about the characteristics of fiction, it is still not the literary creation, directly from the private collection record, so this type of fiction plot is relatively simple, writing rough comparison. Ban Gu said, "On the Street Lane words, hearsay are made of" is a novel kind of accurate assessment of the image. China's Tang Dynasty, the novel is only from history and literature become a creativity. Tang Dynasty culture has developed, the author's ideas are more open, the legend came into being at this time, Li Zhaowei "Liu Yi Chuan", Po Chu's "Everlasting Regret," Wolf's "Everlasting Regret Chuan" And so on, are made in accordance with the creation of the legend. For the fictional story of the Tang Dynasty more emphasis on imagination and literary talent, not just the history of the nature of things, but as the history of Zhi Zhi who is also the novel did not stop. The Legend of the Song Dynasty to the novel on a gradual decline, which followed the rise of this so that after processing will become a scholar so many novel and Romance novels such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Outlaws of the Marsh", "Journey to the West." The author of such novels is the use of private creative and re-created to describe the circumstances of the touching scenes of brilliant and vivid active in shaping the character known, there are obvious story-telling style of language. Here by the redevelopment, it will become an independent literary creation rather than things to come together with the civil process, the representative of this type is the "Golden Lotus", it was an open and ordinary life on the road, the reality is that literature has come a long way The development of the latter's "A Dream of Red Mansions" in ancient China Geng Shiba realism to the novels of the summit. "54" after the novelist began to learn from China's western fiction writing practices, and gradually out a new path. Western novels, is the "Renaissance" after the rapid development of mature. The development of the Middle Ages novel near-stagnation in the West, 14, the end of the century "Renaissance" to overthrow the literature of the Church of control, 15, appeared in the western end of the century to promote freedom of thought and the liberation of personality in order to describe the reality of life and portray characters from all walks of life for the content of the Humanist novels, is to tie in with this type of novel anti-feudal Europe at the time of arising at the same time it also set the novel in the West to human describing the tone of the main things. Jiaqiu Italy's "Decameron", Spain's Cervantes "Don Quixote" is the kind of representative works of fiction. The resulting novel is a classical, elegant favor of its national language to standardize the writing of this novel in 17th century France's most well-developed. As a note on behalf of Corneille's "Cid" neoclassical story of the rise of Western novels have been a language substantially improved. The beginning of the 18th century to promote popular science knowledge, enlightenment of the public consciousness for the purpose of the Enlightenment novels, of which there are relatively well-known German Goethe's "Faust", the United Kingdom Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe" and the Swift "Gulliver's Travels" and so on, this type of novel to the emergence of the bourgeois revolution at the time to mold public opinion. In the 19th century, romantic fiction, realistic novels and critical realism novel turn to occupy the leading position in the field of fiction. Romantic novels, such as France Victor Hugo's "Notre Dame de Paris", Goethe's "juvenile Witt of trouble" and so on, imaginative, unusual ideas, language and imaginative, strong feelings. Efforts to reflect the reality of the novel is the essence of life, and depict typical life of a typical phenomenon in the United Kingdom Dickens, France and Germany are of such novels as a representative of the writer. Critical realism novels exposed the efforts of the decadent feudal system and capitalist society, the dark, in-depth criticism of the reality of evil, France Balzac and Maupassant, the United Kingdom of Charlotte, Bronte,. Russia's Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, the United States of a large number of writers such as Mark Twain's works belong to this category. Value today, the three novels in the West is still the most important of the three types of literary fiction. East-West novel on the history of the development of more or less the case. Second, the characteristics of the novel in the West In addition to the basic characteristics of the novel, the story of the West also have their own characteristics are as follows: 1, the traditional Chinese novel attention to the characters, language and the details of the description, in contradiction to the conflict to display the images, but the character of a single, small changes in the absence of the main flu. Western novels are more people pay attention to the psychological description, stressed that mining figure in the subconscious mind, good at writing full, the changes in the strong sense of the main characters. Again, "coach Lin Feng Snow Mountain Temple" in the figure is only through dialogue and action leads to contradictions and conflicts, but Anna Karenina Wogui before a series of conflicts only with his description of the psychological will be able to express their clear; for poetry in Lin In the performance of her literary talent, and Paul with his inner monologue of the ideal; Zhang Zhong-Yong has only the character, but Jane Eyre's character is the brave, strong, warm, kind-hearted, and so many of the character and rubbing and Cheng's. In short, people in the area described in the West has its own unique features. 2, China compared with Western fiction novel plot twists and turns more and more complete story. Plot twists and turns, the story is complete fiction China's unique traditional arts. The Wei and Jin Zhi Zhi people on the novel twists and turns with vivid characteristics. Tang legend in the layout of many of the famous, magnificent anomaly, rigorous and clever, dramatic plot development. The contents of the Ming and Qing Dynasties novels scattered irregular, undulating waves, Cuoluoyouzhi, careful structure, an integral whole. "A Dream of Red Mansions", everywhere She Fu, Hui turning point, the story of Jia's best writing. Western plot in respect of the outstanding works, although there are many, but it can not be compared with the Chinese novel. 3, concise and lively Chinese language novel, rich in content and rich Western novels. Chinese folk artists absorbed the novel language, at the same time inherited the fine traditions of ancient prose, often a few words will be able to outline the incident or the people. Western novels in the author includes a broad range of knowledge, involve the community in many ways, so rich in content and rich people can gain knowledge in many areas. Engels said he was in Balzac's novel about 19th century France's domestic situation than he received any reports are more. Western novels have different characteristics, and also in the West different aesthetic concepts to a certain extent related. 4, Western novels have been the rule of the feudal culture of oppression destroyed. Chinese feudal culture makes the development of the novel is extremely difficult, Ming and Qing Dynasties more people to write stories for shame, so many great writers living, creating the conditions are not covered, many of the great works of authors who do not know. Western novels in the feudal culture makes almost the whole of the Middle Ages in the development of extremely slow, and many talented writers were forced to church services, wrote some of the religious nature of the article dry hole. Third, Western novels in the future prospects for the development of End of the Qing Dynasty, China and the West have begun to understand the other side of the system, the advantages of the novel in the West have been constantly learn from each other. Of course, due to historical reasons, the Chinese side of the draw a little more. To this day, the novelist in the West efforts are still two researchers in the novel's artistic charm, although the different languages of each other's appreciation of the arts to a certain extent, but the United States are interlinked. We have every reason to believe that in the near future, the novel art in the West will ultimately learn from each other and integrate, develop and reach new artistic heights. References: "Foreign Literature" Shanghai Translation Publishing House Zhou Xu Liang "Contemporary Literature election," Zhang Zhong, such as Beijing University Publishing House "Chinese literature history of the development of" Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House Liu Jie "Literary History of Europe" People's Literature Publishing House Yangzhou Han Wu Da-yuan Zhao Rui radish "Three high school language textbook used by the five dates of the" People's Education Press仅供参考,请自借鉴。希望对您有帮助。

英语专业毕业论文语言与文化

语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会 文化 的反应,并制约人们的思维。下文是我为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文 范文 的内容,欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1 浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素 1 历史发展的文化要素 在历史发展的长河中,由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响,语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语,更是深受这些因素的影响。在英国历史上,英法两个国家战争不断,其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名,法国文化对英国文化影响很大,成为现代英语的三大来源之一。 例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、French frie(s炸薯条)、stew in one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。其中Frenchleave 指在 18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。而在法语中,也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久,古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是,像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Rome was not built in a da(y冰冻三尺,非一日之寒)等。历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位,两个国家在短短 26 年(1652 年至 1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争,双方胜负各半。 为了发泄对战争失败的不满,英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。诸如习语I’m a Dutchman, if..(.如果我……,我就不是人)、beat the Dutc(h了不起)、Dutch uncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。到近代,两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突,都对英语产生了影响。习语the fifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。1936 年 10 月,西班牙首都马德里受到德国法西斯军队和西班牙叛军的联合进攻,在进攻前的动员大会上,西班牙叛军将领Emilio Mola公开宣称,叛军和德国联军的四个纵队正在向马德里展开猛攻,并且他的第五纵队也已经在马德里城内展开活动。后来英语习语the fifthcolumn 专门用来指代被别国收买了而颠覆自己国家的叛徒或别国派入的间谍。 2 岛国地理环境中“海的文化”要素 自然环境对文化的形成也有直接的影响。“特定文化的表达方式是由特定的地理环境造就的”。(王葆华,2010)英国岛国四面环海,英语习语的形成深受这种特殊的“海的文化”影响。大多数英国人以 捕鱼 为生,因此鱼是日常生活中的主要食品。和鱼相关的习语在英语中俯拾皆是,像nEither fish nor fow(不伦不类)、The best fish swimnear the bottom(好货难求)、cool fis(h怪人)、fish in the air(缘木求鱼)、There are plenty more fish in the se(a天涯何处无芳草)等。 长期海上生活中积累的 经验 也反映在习语语言中,如know the rope(s掌握窍门)、cut and ru(n三十六计走为上)、take the wind out of someone’s sai(l先发制人)、sail under false colour(s假冒伪劣)等。其中 sail under falsecolours 指中世纪海盗猖獗期间,海盗船上常常悬挂假旗号,以便于接近其他船只而不引起对方的警惕。后来人们就用此习语指代“假装”或“冒充”的东西。此外,习语carry coals to Newcastl(e多此一举、画蛇添足)来历是指煤都纽卡斯尔的煤矿储量丰富,如果生意人想运送煤碳到这个城市的话,那肯定会血本无归。由于岛国上的可耕土地很少,所以英国人特别注重畜牧业的发展,畜牧业中也留下了很多与之相关的习语。 比如lose one’swoo(l大发雷霆),因为羊毛能给牧羊人带来客观经济效益,如果没有了羊毛,也就断了财路,人当然平静不了。再比如Much cry and little woo(l雷声大,雨点小),指的是羊叫起来声音很大,但产出的羊毛却很少。 3 风俗习惯的文化要素 作为一种特定的社会现象,风俗习惯是“一个群体的习惯和准则的总和,群体人员的创造和遵循是其存在的前提基础”。(Worsley, 2008)身处在特定的社会风气和传统习惯的氛围之中,人们的日常生活不但受到影响,语言也必然会体现出这些影响。例如习语let one’s hair down(身心轻松)就是英国早期习俗的体现。 古时英国的妇女不论地位高低,在任何场合都把自己的头发梳洗得整整齐齐,但是当她们回到家中独自一人时,为了身心的放松,就把头发披散下来,习语“身心放松”的含义由此产生。另一个例子是来源于中世纪的英国生活习俗,在餐桌中间往往放置的是盐器,宾主落座时,盐器上首坐的是贵宾,而下首坐的是一般客人或随从,习语above the sa(lt德高望重的地位)和below the sa(lt无足轻重的地位)由此产生。 面包、牛奶、黄油和奶酪是英国人日常食物的主要组成部分,习语中也体现出了这些食品的重要地位,如bread and butter(生计之需)、bread and chees(e日常食品)、take the bread outof someone’s mou(th抢某人的饭碗)、like a hot knife throughbutte(r易如反掌)、cry over spilt mil(k覆水难收)、half a loaf isbetter than no brea(d聊胜于无)等。 4 宗教信仰的要素影响 文化的一个不可或缺的组成部分就是宗教信仰,它渗透到人类的精神生活、社会生活和语言交际体系中。早在公元 3 世纪初,英国就设立了__教会,因此大多数英国人信仰基督__信上帝。祈求上帝保佑时,英国人会用手指在胸前划十字,口中说God bless me ;骂人时说God damn you ;不愿意某事发生时说God forbid ;人死了说depart to God。在信徒的眼中,上帝无所不能,一切万物、包括人类在上帝面前都微不足道。 习语Manproposes, God dispose(s谋事在人,成事在天)充分体现了这种思想。直接来自《圣经》中的 故事 和比喻的习语也有很多,如来自《旧约·但以理书》第五章的习语handwriting on the wal(l不祥之兆)说的是巴比伦王伯沙撒(Belshazzar)继承了父亲的王位后穷奢极欲、荒淫无度。一日,他邀大臣一千多人在宫中狂饮,许多金银器皿被拿出来待客,席间宫墙上突然有一手伸出来并写下三个神秘的词,大家看后无人能解,于是赶紧把先知但以请来来解字。但以解释说 :你的统治地位已结束,你的国度将倾裂。果然,当夜伯沙撒就遇刺身亡。类似来自《圣经》的习语还有很多,如make bricks without straw(巧妇难为无米之炊)、at the eleventh hou(r关键时刻)、theparting of the way(s紧要关头)、in sackcloth and ashe(s悲痛忏悔)等。 5 神话寓言的要素影响 世界 文化不仅相通,而且相互影响。“ 英语的 发展史是外来词汇的变异积累过程,也是受民族的 文学作品逐渐浸润、融合、变异的进化过程。”(Herrnst Ein, 2009)民族神话、 传说 和 寓言故事 在 语言的发展变化过程中都留下了深深的烙印。希腊罗马神话和伊索寓言是影响英语习语的两大主要文化要素。 古希腊是西方文明的发源地,希腊神话的最大特点是“兼具人之外形和情感的神令自然人悟其之渺小”。(Turner,2009)古罗马神话是由古希腊神话发展变化而来,到公元前的最后 3 个世纪,罗马诗人维吉尔(Virgil)、奥维德(Ovid)把希腊神话的内容移植到罗马神话中,把希腊神话里的人物名称换成罗马使用的拉丁文名称,创作出希腊—罗马神话的结合体。 英语习语中有许多就是直接来自这种结合体。例如under theros(e严守秘密)这个习语指的是一天,爱与美之女神维纳斯(Venus)在不惑之年还背着丈夫、儿子与情人偷偷幽会,不料刚好被沉默之神哈坡克拉提斯(Harpocrates)无意中撞见。维纳斯的儿子丘比特(Cupid)知道这件事后非常气愤,但又怕此事传出去后对父亲和自己不利,苦思良久后心生一计,他摘下一朵美丽的玫瑰花送给哈坡克拉提斯,肯求他不要把这件事声张出去,沉默之神对丘比特发誓会严守秘密。还有类似的习语如the web ofPenelop(e永远完不成的任务)、sword of Damocle(s随时到来的危险)、Pandora’s Bo(x万恶之源)、apple of discor(d争斗起因)、Achilles’hee(l致命弱点)等都来自希腊罗马神话。 寓言是习语的另一个主要来源,“寓言在流传的过程中被浓缩并升华为习语”。英语习语的重要来源是《伊索寓言》,如习语dog in the mange(r损人不利己)讲的是有一只愚笨之极狗,由于它自己不能吃马槽里的干草,便向正在津津有味吃草的马嚎叫,也不让马吃草的故事。类似的习语还有sour grape(s酸葡萄)、cry wol(f虚张声势)、a wolf in sheep’s clothin(g伪装友善的敌人)、nourish a viperin one’s bosom(养奸护恶)等。 6 文学作品的文化要素 出自文学巨匠笔下精彩的故事情节、富有教益的哲理和涵义深刻的词句常常成为习语的另一个重要的素材来源。文学语言对习语的来源贡献在于以下四个方面“精彩词句、故事情节、鲜明人物和历史习语”。 (徐振忠,2010)莎士比亚的作品是公认的对英语习语贡献最多的来源之一。莎士比亚作品的习语大体可分为两类 :一种来自剧作的故事情节 ;一种来自作品的词句。莎士比亚剧作中的人物性格鲜明,情节生动,剧中内容常常被引申成为习语。如hoist by one’s own petar(d害人反害己,搬起石头砸自己的脚)出自《哈姆雷特》[3 幕、4 场 ],早期的炸药箱被称作petard,战争是用于炸开敌人坚固的城池。但由于当时的爆破技术还很不成熟,引爆人点燃炸药后还没等自己撤离,炸药就爆炸了,结果当然是引爆人与敌人同归于尽了。 类似的习语还有one’s pound offles(h合法但不合理的要求)、a horse of a different colou(r另外一回事 ;截然不同)等。莎士比亚作品语言简洁优美、寓意深刻,许多习语就是直接来自作品的词句。如bay atthe moo(n空嚷、徒劳)在《裘里斯 · 凯撒》第四幕第三场里的原文是 :I had rather be a dog, and bay the moon。原文中bay 被用作及物动词,而现代英语倾向于用作不及物动词,因此加了介词at。类似的习语还有flutter the dovecotes(闹得鸡犬不宁)《[柯里奥拉纳斯》]、paint the lil(y多此一举)《[约翰王》]、the world is someone’s oyste(r随心所欲)《[温莎的娘儿们》]、thereby hangs a tal(e说来话长)《[驯悍记》]等。 英国文坛还有其他许多对世界文学有较大影响的文学巨匠,如乔叟、米尔顿、柯勒律治、拜伦、狄更斯等。他们的作品也对英语习语产生了很大的影响。如习语albatross round soneone’s nec(k提醒某人不犯错误之物)出自柯勒律治的长诗《老水手之歌》。 信天翁是一种海鸟,可以在睡觉时翅膀不煽动并浮在空中,据说随便杀死信天翁会招致厄运。柯勒律治的诗歌中讲述了一位水手由于自己的大意,射杀了一只信天翁,结果在航行途中他麻烦不断,还差点丧命。后来他才悟出个中的缘由,上岸后他把那只信天翁的尸体挂在脖子上,以表达自己示忏悔的心情。来自文学作品的习语还有all hell breaks loose(闹翻天)(米尔顿,《失乐园》)、at sixs and seven(s杂乱无章)(乔叟,《特洛莱斯和克丽西德》)、mind one’s ey(e小心谨慎()狄更斯,《巴纳比·拉奇》)等。 结语 语言学家Hudson指出 :“语言特征和文化特征常常难分彼此”。(Hudson, 2011)习语的形成与其语言所属的民族文化更是密不可分,“文化是孕育培植习语的温床”(McMordie, 2006),如果对习语的文化背景没有认真的研究,就难以理解它们其中的深刻含义。本文只从六个方面粗略讨论了影响习语形成的文化要素,以期希望对英语习语 爱好 者在今后的学习过程中正确理解习语的文化内涵和恰如其分地运用习语方面有所启迪和帮助。 关于英语语言文化论文范文篇2 浅析中学生英语语言文化意识的培养 摘要:语言意识的培养,在大学英语教学中较为广泛,但是在中学英语教学中较少提及。我国小学已普遍开设英语课程,中学生已具备一定的英语基础,培养学生的语言意识是有可行的。良好的语言意识有利于学生将来的 英语学习 ,学习者能更好地运用英语,减少交际中的障碍,并进行成功交际,培养学生语言意识是有必要的。本文主要从建构理论,认知的过程出发,并结合我国中学英语教学的实际,说明在中学英语教学中培养语言文化意识的重要性,以及如何培养学生的语言文化意识。 关键词:英语教学;文化知识;语言意识培养 1.引言 传统的中学英语教学,侧重于单词和语法等语言知识点的教学,它培养的是学生某一方面的技能。但是语言的学习是为了运用,交际,从这一角度来看,传统英语教学的弊端突显出来。 根据认知语言学,语言意识指语言的固有能力来处理信息,是洞察语言本质和功能的语言能力。本文中的语言意识,在中学英语教学过程中,将表现为是由文化、政治、社会和习俗等方面组成的。 语言是文化的载体,学习一种语言,不仅仅要掌握语言点知识,培养听、说、读、写、译的基本技能,更重要的是学习蕴含于语言之中的文化现象和文化背景知识,包括政治,经济,文化等多方面,从而培养英语思维。语言意识的培养正是这一要求的体现。语言是交流的工具,有一定的语言意识,了解目的语的文化背景知识, 思维方式 ,交际也就更能达到理想效果。 2.文化与语言的关系 文化通常被定义为在一定的社会或者社会一部分范围内流行的一套价值观念和信仰,是一个社会的整个生活方式,一个民族的全部活动方式。语言是人类生活的重要组成部分。(王建坤,2008)徐行言在《中西文化比较》(2004)中,对文化的理解与概括分为一下几个方面: 把文化看作是一个包含多层次、多方面内容的综合体,用它来概括人类创造和积累起来的全部物质与精神财富以及人们的生活方式。把文化理解人类精神现象或观念形态的总和;强调文化作为人的社会行为与习俗的意义;把文化视作人类的艺术活动及富有仪式性的民俗活动的概括;把文化理解为一个社会的传统行为形式或全部社会遗产。 根据裴文的表述,语言与文化的关系分为以下几种(参见王建坤,2008):(1)语言是一种文化;(2)语言是文化的工具;(3)语言是文化传播的载体;(4)语言是文化的形式;(5)语言与文化相互作用。由此可见离开了内容,离开了语言的内涵,就谈不上语言。语言学习需要和文化学习结合起来,语言教学的同时也必须了解文化,这样才能真正地更好地运用语言。 3.从建构主义看语言中的文化教学 建构主义是认知理论的一个分支,是学习理论的一个分支,是学习理论中行为主义发展到认知主义以后的进一步发展。最早由瑞士著名心理学家皮亚杰(J. Piaget)于20世纪60年代提出。(范琳,2003)一般认为,建构主义学习理论源于皮亚杰,后经布鲁纳、维果茨基等教学 教育 心理学家不断发展和完善。 建构主义是源自 儿童 认知发展的理论,由于个体的认知发展和学习过程密切相关,因此利用建构主义可以较清楚地说明学习过程的认知规律。建构主义认为,学习不是信息简单地从外到内的单项输入,而是通过新信息与学习者原有的知识经验双向的相互作用而实现的。 我们所说的语言文化意识的培养,正是基于此,培养学生的文化意识,在教学中进行一定的文化导入。文化导入是一种通过引导的方式让学生主动建构语言与文化知识的一种 方法 ,促进学生的英语综合运用能力的提高。该方法主张教师在一定的教学环境中,对学生进行引导,激发学生的思考,促进学生主动进行新信息和原有知识的建构,从而培养学生对文化的敏感性,以及处理文化信息的灵活性,最后获得综合运用英语能力的提高。 4.培养语言文化意识是跨文化交际能力的需要 由于技术的发展,旅游的兴旺,经济和政治体系变化,移民方式的改变,人口增长等原因,人们与来自不同文化背景的人的交流日益增多;人们日益认识到文化会对交流产生微妙和深刻的影响。我们学习语言就不可避免地接触到所学语言国家的交际文化。在不同民族和国家的文化中,既有共性也存在差异,而这些差异是由于历史文化背景、地理环境、传统习惯和思维方式的不同,在语言表达上表现为差异,这些差异的存在可能妨碍文化和语际的正常交流。 英语的学习最终的目的是交流和交际,是为了更好的跨文化交流,将中国博大精深的文化传播出去,吸收外国文化的精华。在教学中渗透文化意识,了解英语国家文化,有助于提高学生的交流能力和跨文化交流能力,克服与不同文化背景中的人们相互理解过程中的障碍,促进交际的成功。 5.交际教学法的弊端 巴克斯(2004,参见孙鸣,2007)认为,业内人士大都默认为:交际法不仅是先进的方法,而是唯一正确的学习语言的方法。根据语言学家威多森(Widdowso ,H. G. 1991,参见孙鸣,2007)对交际教学法的分析与评价,交际教学法注重让学习者用语言做事,表达观念和完成各种交际行为。 它强调“做”、“自然学习”和“自然语言使用”,在学习如何得体地使用语言的过程中,学习者会不经意地学习语言,通过“做”而“知”。交际教学法所关注的是给学习者创造使用该语言的条件和情景,而不是我国现阶段英语教学的词句和语法。 从认知角度来看,外语学习的认知过程始于陈述性知识。陈述性知识是有关某物是事实的知识,是人有意识掌握的、可以陈述的、以命题方式储存在大脑中的事实、概念、或观念构成的信息。(孙鸣,2007)心理语言学研究表明,语言的使用是以认知为基础的(桂诗春,2002,参见孙鸣,2007)语言的认知设计陈述性知识,而语言的使用则涉及程序性知识。 近几年,交际教学法盛行于我国英语教学中。结合我国英语教学的实际,交际教学法的不足之处日益显现出来。交际教学法所主张的由“做”而“知”, 忽视了外语学习认知过程中陈述性知识的作用,不符合外语学习认知过程及其规律,并不适合我国英语教学环境。 而提倡在教学中进行文化渗透,培养学生语言文化意识,更符合外语学习认知的过程及规律,语言的认知过程和认知结构需要有文化的参与。

前言第一章 基本知识一、绪论二、选择论题和确定论文题目三、收集资料、分析资料、拟订参考书目四、构思与拟订提纲五、拟稿六、修改、润饰、定稿七、论文的格式八、开题报告的写法九、论文答辩十、与指导老师密切合作第二章 专题毕业论文写作一、英美文学二、翻译理论与实践三、英语语言四、语言与文化五、英语教学法第三章 优秀毕业论文选评Charles Macklin’s ShylockRealism in O.HenryTwo Cognitive Approaches to Language Learning附录国内外外语与外语教学类主要学术期刊国内外在线图书馆网址国内外外语与外语教学类网址英语专业毕业论文评审参考标准主要参考书目 chapter 1 introduction1.1 definition of the graduate thesis1.2 major features of the graduate thesis1.3 subject areas for english majors to do the research1.4 structure of the graduate thesis for english majors1.4.1 the front matter1.4.2 the text1.4.3 the back matterchapter 2 planning the paper2.1 choosing a topic2.1.1 getting start in finding a topic2.1.2 the principles of choosing a topic2.1.3 how to find an appropriate topic2.2 writing a thesis proposal2.2.1 the importance of writing a strong thesis proposal2.2.2 the structure of a thesis proposal2.3 research methodology2.3.1 the classification of language research2.3.2 research methods2.3.3 data collection2.3.4 writing techniqueschapter 3 writing the paper3.1 writing the abstract of a thesis3.1.1 what is an abstract?3.1.2 structure of an abstract3.1.3 types of abstract3.1.4 how to write a good abstract3.1.5 the extract of key words3.2 writing the introduction3.2.1 the major elements in an introduction3.2.2 summary3.3 conclusion3.4 revision3.5 documentation3.5.1 format of citation and notes3.5.2 format of works cited3.6 acknowledgementschapter 4 optional 4.1 a thesis on english education4.2 a thesis on linguistics4.3 a thesis on translation4.4 a thesis on linguistics

看你是文学方面的、语言学方面的还是教法方面的。文学的可以写某某作品分析语言学可以写语音语素的发展及其变化教法的可以写论英语教学中音标教学与单词记忆的关系。

鬼文化英语毕业论文

我们学校的论文题目是老师定的,老师会给你论文题目,论文的研究方向你自己想,但是老师会给你一些指导

79. 浅析中西鬼文化 (字数:6755.页数:19 )80. 建构主义理论下计算机辅助大学英语视听说——以 英语专业为例 (字数:7471.页数:24 )81. 论英语和汉语色彩词的文化内涵 (字数:8111.页数:22 )82. 信达雅在旅游宣传资料翻译中的应用 (字数:6771.页数:19 )83. 英汉植物词文化内涵的比较研究 (字数:6440.页数:18 )84. 影视翻译的特点及技巧—阿甘正传个案研究 (字数:6957.页数:21 )85. 美国和中国感恩文化的精髓:合格公民的必备素质 (字数:6097.页数:17 )86. 先进的英语阅读理念与英语快速阅读的关系 (字数:6737.页数:21 )87. 透过广告创意看中西文化差异 (字数:6481.页数:19 )88. 从“死亡”委婉语看中西方文化差异 (字数:6208.页数:18 )89. 以女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象 (字数:6437.页数:18 )90. 教师的课堂情感表现在小学英语教学中的关键性作用 (字数:5729.页数:18 )91. 性别差异在日常英语词汇和句法中的体现 (字数:5414.页数:18 )92. 口译中的文化差异:现象与对策 (字数:6381.页数:19 )93. 浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例 (字数:6381.页数:19 )94. 关联理论的语境价值与英语专业四级考试听力理解 (字数:6259.页数:19 )95. 比较中西方礼仪差别 (字数:5626.页数:17 )96. 英汉数字词语认知比较研究 (字数:7916.页数:21 )97. 商标英语的语言特点 (字数:8656.页数:31 )98. 英语演讲中的修辞手法 (字数:8137.页数:23 )99. 任务型教学法在初中英语阅读的应用 (字数:12712.页数:37)100. 中国特色词汇的英译 (字数:8097.页数:26 )可&联[系>Q——Q:13....6.........后面输入....775..........接着输入12......5Q——Q空间里有所有内容。

你好,已经发送给你8篇英文论文,20来篇中文论文了,关于跨文化交际和中西文化差异的,查收下哈~ 希望对你有帮助!以后还需要检索论文的话可以再向我或者其他举手之劳队员提问哦,举手之劳助人为乐!——百度知道 举手之劳团队 队长:晓斌11蓝猫

东西方餐桌礼仪的比较东西方思维模式的比较东西方社会规范的差异根据电影《刮痧》探讨文化冲击 从颜色词的不同内涵探讨文化差异

  • 索引序列
  • 英语毕业论文企业文化
  • 企业文化论文参考文献英语
  • 中英文化英语毕业论文
  • 英语专业毕业论文语言与文化
  • 鬼文化英语毕业论文
  • 返回顶部