全英文写作词汇量六级的水平加上熟悉本专业的词汇就可以,以工科专业为例,写论文是在阅读大量外文期刊的基础上总结和研究的结果,都是比较常见的单词,毕竟写论文是为了论文问题,让大家都能看懂。能写全英文的论文不代表口语和听力就非常好,但是用英文正常交流是没问题的
这个最佳答案是想害死人吗 普通文科硕士中文才要3万吧 英语也就一万五吧 而且稍微少点也没什么
3W+。。。网上的是期刊吧,期刊和学位论文的字数要求是不一样的,期刊要求越少越好。不过一般也没那么严,我看那些优设也就20多页,我们老师也说30页就行了。你可以问下你的指导老师,以老师说的算,免得搞到二次答辩。。。
关于英国硕士论文的字数要求
英国的硕士论文的字数要求一般是多少,才能达标。是不是觉得在众多种类的论文面前是不是觉得写作英文论文真的好难,其实论文也是分等级的。不同阶段的.论文的字数也是不同的。
英国硕士论文字数一般来说,1000字以下的是一些小作业,硕士生也会做一些课堂小作业,课件等,essay,assignment一般1000-3000字,本科毕业论文3000-5000字,硕士毕业论文一般5000字到两三万字,dissertation一般万字以上,有的属于博士级别的论文。
关于英国硕士论文的字数,每个学校每个专业都有不同的要求与规划。大多是一个学术要求的范畴。
另外一个问题,写这多字,何时能完成?如何能完成?
譬如有留学生提问:Ed硕士毕业要15000英文,我算了下相当于30000左右的中文, 一年能行吗?
那个我要写的是硕士论文 只从一个角度切入字数会不够吧绩效管理庞大到一些就写出3万字左右吗?
笔者觉得这个问题的答案因人而异。论文的写作字数其实也是因人而异的,因为有的人写作的很好,写了很少的字数老师也给了高分,但是有些人写作了很多的字数却还是低分,其实主要还是看质量,所以在写作英国硕士论文的时候一定要注意写作质量。
英语词汇学论文解决时间:2009-1-322:55我们学期末的论文,是有关词汇学的,就像什么近反义词区分啊,或者一个词在不同领域的不同应英语词汇学论文:
初中英语词汇教学存在的问题及对策论文
一、初中英语词汇教学存在的问题
1.教师没有意识到词汇教学的重要性
初中英语教学的主要目的是为了丰富学生的英语词汇量,但一部分英语教师并没有意识到英语词汇的重要性,以及其为学生今后学习所带来的深远影响,只知道一味地要求学生阅读理解英语短文,锻炼学生听、说、读、写的能力。这种不正确的教学方式,容易使学生失去英语学习的信心。其实,英语单词和应用语境不同于汉语,每一个单词均有不同的汉语意义。因此,在英语词汇教学中,教师应为学生详细地讲解单词的各种意义,并要求学生对单词进行延伸理解。对于意义较复杂的单词,教师应结合课本内容,进行等级划分,为不同层次的学生安排学习任务,减轻学生的学习负担。如“put”作动词时,有“放、表达、给予”的含义,延伸含义为“重视、信任”,教师可以讲解其基本含义和延伸含义,并引入“putforward”等相关词组,如“Someoneputitinabagandtookitaway.”的例句,从而拓展学生的知识面,加深学生对“put”一词的理解。
2.单一的教学方式
在刚学习英语词汇时,大多数初中生都缺乏学习兴趣,教师不但没有为学生创建相关的教学环境,反而枯燥地讲解课本上的单词,带领学生进行听力和阅读练习。这让学生很反感这种单一的教学方式,再加上陌生的英语词汇,学生难免会出现厌学情绪。因此,在讲解词汇时,教师应该为学生推荐单词速记法,或与学生分享记忆单词的妙招,对于长单词,可以为学生讲解单词的组成,方便学生记忆。如“pest”一词的基本译意是害虫,英语发音为[pest],汉语发音可为“拍死他”,可意会为“人们面对有害的东西都想拍死他”。这样诙谐幽默的解释,有助于学生快速记住单词的意思和发音,值得教师学习。
二、初中英语词汇教学的对策
1.借助教学道具
初中生的好奇心强,教师可以利用教具,活跃课堂氛围,激发学生的学习兴趣。只要教师能掌握激发学生学习动力的方法,就能培养学生良好的学习态度,促使学生全身心地投入到英语学习中。
2.寻找相近单词
英语词汇成千上万,难免会有字母组合相似、发音相同的单词。教师可以充分利用学生对相似物的'兴趣,总结归纳英语单词,统一讲解有联系的单词,或者由单词组成的若干词组。如在教学“ally”时,教师可以延伸出更多形近的单词,如“ally、rally、allay、alley、alloy”等,供学生学习;在教学“some,one”这两个单词时,教师可以把它们组合起来,讲授“someone”的意义。
3.结合语境学习词汇
语境不仅指课本阅读文章的环境,更能反映当今社会发展的情况。词汇只有融入不同的语境,才能富有含义,所以教师应把语境理论与词汇学习结合起来,这有利于强化学生对词汇的记忆。此外,教师还要引导学生理解每个词汇蕴含的情感色彩,以便在不同场合灵活运用,使学生更好地掌握英语词汇,并培养学生的交际能力。如在教学“care”一词时,笔者延伸了单词的含义,并以与care有关的短语举例,让学生在不同的语境中理解care的用法。如“Youmusttakecareofyourselftheyneedasmuchcareasbabiesdo.”等句子。
三、结束语
英语词汇的重要性不容忽视,教师必须谨记自己的教学任务,充分利用专业知识,为学生展示更多的英语词句,创建恰当的教学情境,提高学生学习的动力。笔者相信,教师改变教学方法后,一定能提高初中英语词汇教学的质量,让更多学生爱上英语。
太多啦,最简单的就是英汉词汇对比啊,同一个词或同一类词在英语和汉语中的意思是有区别的,比如数词,颜色词,动物词,等等;也可以写词汇教学,比如中小学如何教授词汇的方法;比较难的是词汇构成,那个比较抽象。
晕,我正好写过一篇.....白送给你吧......不然根本找不到的。Contrastive Studies on English and Chinese Animal OnomatopoeiaAbstract: There are some similarities and differences between English and Chinese onomatopoeia. The former mainly includes rhetorical functions and characteristics of absolute structures, and the latter mainly includes syntactic functions, motivations and changes in usage. As for the animal onomatopoeia, the English animal onomatopoeia has substantial content and can be divided into primary onomatopoeia and secondary onomatopoeia. Different from the Chinese animal onomatopoeia which is rather simple and vague, the English version is more vivid and specific. Making comparative studies between the two will be of great significance to the accuracy of translation from one to the other.Key words: onomatopoeia, animals, similarities, differences Introduction: English and Chinese are of two different kinds of language systems, both of them include copious onomatopoeias, though. English and Chinese onomatopoeias are all of the same in the rhetorical function, they both come from the imitation of the sound given out from some object and movement, or at least has some connection with it. Various sorts of sounds from animals can be heard everywhere, animal onomatopoeias emerge as the times demand. Animal onomatopoeias play an important role in English onomatopoeias, they are much more abundant than Chinese onomatopoeias. In Chinese onomatopoeias, we always use ‘jiao’ to express the sounds given out by animals, while, in English, there are some special onomatopoeias used to express different sounds given out by animals. This is because of the different historical and cultural background, the different expressing habits and different aesthetic judgment of the two different languages, etc.The similarities of English and Chinese animal onomatopoeias The English writer Stephen Spond said: ‘Sometimes when I am writing, the music of the words I am trying to shape takes me far beyond the words.’[1](326) The music he mentioned here is the sound from some object, for example, animals, I think. That is, the words he mentioned are the animal onomatopoeias, probably. In English, animal onomatopoeias have two categories: primary onomatopoeia and secondary onomatopoeia.Primary onomatopoeia means the imitation of sound by sound.[2](313) Here the sound is truly an ‘echo to the sense’. For example, on hearing [mu:], we may think of the sounds ‘moumou’ of Chinese form from cows. In English, many words which express the sounds given out by animals fall into this category, in this aspect, English and Chinese onomatopoeias have much in common, especially in pronunciation. Taking the sound given out from cats for example, English onomatopoeia is ‘mew’, ‘miaow’, while in Chinese, ‘miao’ (喵) is used. As for the sounds of pigeons, ‘coo’is used in English while ‘gugu’ (咕咕) is used in Chinese. As for the sounds of the ducks, “quack” is used in English while ‘gugu’(呱呱) is used in Chinese. And as for the sounds given out from geese, ‘cackle’ is used in English while ‘gege’(咯咯) is used in Chinese. The animal onomatopoeias of this kind are only the imitation of sound by sound, just the same in both English and Chinese.Secondary onomatopoeia means that certain sounds and sound sequences are associated with certain senses in an expressive relationship.[3](67) In this form, the sounds evoke, not an acoustic experience, but a movement or some physical or moral quality, usually unfavorable. Example, the sounds [sn] may express three types of experiences: ‘breath-noise’ (sniff, snuff, snore, snort); ‘quick separation or movement’ (snip, snap, snatch), and ‘creeping’ (snake ,snail, sneak, snoop). The relationship between the sounds and the meanings happens in the Chinese onomatopoeias, too. For example, in Chinese, the sound of [s] reminds us of the sounds ‘sisi’ (嘶嘶) given out from snakes, and the shape of the letter ‘S’ can also remind us of snakes, too. In this aspect, Chinese and English animal onomatopoeias are invented for the same purpose.The differences of English and Chinese animal onomatopoeias Basically, English and Chinese are of two different kinds of language systems, as a result, but for the similarities, there are many differences in the animal onomatopoeias. As for the sound of the same kind of animals, it may cause two absolutely different feelings because of the different ways of imitation. Subsequently, I will discuss the differences in three aspects: Firstly, Chinese animal onomatopoeias are more lifelike than English onomatopoeias. Chinese animal onomatopoeias are closer to the imitation of the sounds given out by animals, the way of the expression is more direct and flexible, too. For example, in English, “hum” is used to express the sound of bees while ‘wengweng’(嗡嗡) is used in Chinese . It is obvious that ‘wengweng’ is just the echo to the dogs, it is more lifelike and lively. So it is the same with the “bark” and ‘wangwang’(汪汪) . From these, we can see, Chinese onomatopoeias are more meticulous and copious than English animal onomatopoeias. Secondly, Chinese and English animal onomatopoeias differ a lot in the pronunciation. First of all, different onomatopoeias of English and Chinese may express the same sound. For example, ‘cock-a-doodle-do’ and ‘wowowo’(喔喔喔) both represent the sound given by cocks. The next, the same onomatopoeias may represent different sounds. For example, ‘The girls clattered away at their luncheon.’ means ‘午餐时女孩们叽叽呱呱地谈个不停.’While in the sentence: ‘ The shutters clattered in the wind.’, ‘clatter’ means ‘劈劈啪啪’. Chinese and English animal onomatopoeias differ a lot in the structure of speech sounds,too. I want to take some examples to explain the difference. The first one is that, there are many mono-syllable words in English, however, not so many in Chinese. The second one is that, although the structure of AA and AB exist in both English and Chinese animal onomatopoeias, these words cover the most part in Chinese, while not many in English, and the structure of AA in English is only the simple repetition of ‘A’. Moreover, the structure of AB or AA is dependent and can not be separated. However, in English, the AA or AB structure animal onomatopoeias can be used dependently, etc. The last but not the least, the same animal onomatopoeias may have different usages. In English, animals’ different sounds have specially corresponding verbs and nouns to express. For example, ‘chirp’ is used for magpie, ‘crow’ for cock, ‘grunt’ for wild boar, ‘hiss’ for snake, etc. Also the same kind of animal can have several quite different kinds of expressing way. For example, all of the words like ‘bark,yap,yelp, bay, howl, growl, snarl, whine’ can be used to describe the sound of a dog’s barking, which actually has inevitable connection with notion’s culture.[4](256) Dog’s signified meanings in English and Chinese language do not have substantial difference. But they’re very different in the intensive meaning. In western countries, dogs are people’s pets, they take dogs as companion and friends, keeping dogs for happiness has already become a kind of social fashion; while in china, the treatment that dogs receive is quite different. They are usually kept for watching the house and they are human’s servants. From the idioms ‘gou ji tiao qiang’ (a cornered dog will do something desperate) and ‘gou zhang rellshi’ (1ike a dog threatening people on the strength of its master’s Dower— be a bully with the backing of a powerful person we can get a hint of it. So in Chinese we only have ‘wangwang’ for dogs’ barking. In addition, in English the same word for expressing animals’ sound can be used for different animals. For example, ‘howl’ can be used for lions, tigers,1eopards,jackals and wolves at the same time; while in Chinese animals’ sound is basically one for one. For example, gou fei, lang hao, he li, que zao, ma si, hu xiao, shj hou, niao zhuan, jiti. Certainly it does not mean that there is no situation of one for two, but very few. With the development and change of society, in modern Chinese especially in spoken language, the above specific words for expressing animals’ sound have been gradually discarded,and just taken place by simple words ‘叫’or ‘鸣’.Conclusion: Onomatopoeia is a kind of language phenomenon which is universal as well as very important. It can audio-visualize the objects which may just be understood superficially, at the same time, make them more figurative and more vivid through the power of the sounds. Therefore, by the comparison of Chinese and English animal onomatopoeias, we may have a better knowledge about the common character and the individuality of them. As a result, it will help us a lot on mastering and using the animal onomatopoeias correctly, in this way, we will make our writings more copious, lively and more persuadable. Hence, I want to contribute my small share to the research of animal onomatopoeias by this paper writing.Reference books:[1] 包惠南. 文化语境与语言翻译[M] .北京:中国对外翻译出版公司,2001.[2] 陆国强. 现代英语词汇学[M] .上海:上海外语教育出版社,1999.[3]李国南. Secondary Onomatopoeia 与摹绘[J]. 外语与翻译,1999(2) .[4] McLaren, Margaret C. Interpreting Cultural Differences. Norfolk: Pete Francis Publishers , 1998.[5]
Earth humans and many animals are sons and daughters of mother earth. The earth is like riding a spaceship into outer space, humans and many animals live together in the ecological environment. But we human beings Zhanzhao own tall, smart, any destruction of the living environment of animals, so they are unable to survive. " Cherish the earth, protect animals" became a hot topic.The protection of animals, is we all have to do, a lot of people free to hunt animals, although people are said to protect animals, but there are still many stubborn people listen to, continue to hunt animals, humans and animals to watch, soup, made with animal skins coats ... ... But have you ever thought of, if you are an animal, but was hunting, how would you like that, would you, would you like to be hunted? You are not willing to, some people said:" I'm not animal." But have you ever thought of going to think animals do? Now humans killing a large number of animals, the animals will be reconciled? Never, never, never. They don't want to die in the hands of man. They are willing to be your hunting? No, they are not willing to one thousand, ten thousand to one hundred million, do not want to ... ...地球上的人类和许多动物都是地球母亲的儿女。地球好似一驾遨游太空的宇宙飞船,人类与许多动物共处在这个生态环境中。可我们人类占着自己高大、聪明,任意破坏动物们的居住环境,让它们无从生存。于是“珍惜地球,爱护动物”一时成了最热门的话题。 保护动物,是我们人人都要做到的,许多人任意去猎杀动物,虽然现在的人都说要保护动物,但是还有很多顽固的人不听,继续猎杀动物,人类拿动物来观赏、卖钱,用兽皮做大衣……但你们有没有想过,如果你是一只动物,却遭到了人类的猎杀,你会怎么想,你愿意吗,你愿意被猎杀吗?你绝对不愿意,有些人说:“我又不是动物。”但你们有没有想过动物们会怎么想吗?现在人类大量捕杀动物,动物会甘心吗?不,不会,永远不会。它们不愿意死在人类手里。它们愿意被你们猎杀吗?不,它们有一千个不愿意,一万个不愿意,一亿个不愿意……
英语词汇学毕业论文写一些创新的题目,我就写的网络词汇。当时也不懂,导师逼得紧,还是学姐介绍的莫文网,效率很高的说英语词汇教学中母语翻译的作用多模态理论在高中英语词汇教学中的应用初中英语词汇教学现状调查研究——以济南市三所初中为例小学英语词汇情境教学模式研究语块理论指导下的高中英语词汇教学实验研究我国英语词汇学的溯源辨流词块法在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究初中英语词汇教学中的文化迁移概念隐喻在高中英语词汇教学中的运用记忆技巧在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究——以郑州一中为例英语词汇教学的认知语境研究词块理论在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究直接拼读法在小学英语词汇教学中的应用研究基于图式理论的高中英语词汇教学的实证研究模因论在高中英语词汇教学中的应用概念隐喻理论与初中英语词汇教学研究——以漳州三中九年级英语词汇教学为例任务型教学模式视域下农村高中男生英语词汇量扩大研究初中英语词汇学习中的母语负迁移现象探究文学名著阅读在高中英语词汇教学中的应用研究初中英语词汇概念加工的具身特征与教学启示多模态教学对英语词汇习得效果的实证研究英语词汇教学“石化”消解研究——基于兰盖克语法理论的分析认知语法理论指导下的高中英语词汇教学研究高中英语词汇教学中的问题及对策研究基于频率作用的大学英语词汇教学模式研究
可以吧,词汇学不是语言学的一个分支吗?
英语词汇学论文解决时间:2009-1-322:55我们学期末的论文,是有关词汇学的,就像什么近反义词区分啊,或者一个词在不同领域的不同应英语词汇学论文:
关于导致英语词义变化的因素的论文
摘要:所有的语言都不是静止的,是变化而且经常变化的,英语也不例外。本文仅从词的角度来谈英语词义的变化,并说明其变化的原因及其影响。词语的意义在一定时期内是相对稳定的。但历经千百年后,则会发生一定的甚至是重大的变化。详细分析词义演变的原因及类型,将有助于读者加深理解词语的本质。体会词义演变这一必然趋势。
关键词:英语词义改变原因
正如世间万物无时无刻不在变化之中一样,词义的变化是一种必然的历史发展趋势。在活的语言(alivinglanguage)中,词义的变化是十分常见而又非常必要的。人类社会发展到了一定阶段,就需要对新的概念、新的现象、表达新的事物、新的观点有一个不同于以往的表达形式,而词义变化正是满足人们这种需要的简便方式。因此,我们今天所使用的每一个词语的意义,与一个世纪以前相比,都略有不同,在更长时间以前,可能有一个更为不同的意义。一个词的旧有意义的改变或消失,以及新意义的产生是和人类社会、文化、科技、教育的发展和变化有密切关系的,这是词义变化的外因;与此同时,语言自身的变化,人们的心理活动对词义的变化也有一定的影响,所以探讨引起词义发生变化的因素具有重要意义。
一、研究现状
近期笔者在通过中文科技期刊数据(1987年至2009年)所查阅的相关论文中,抽选了10篇针对导致英语词义变化的因素进行了深入研究。其中,有4篇文章阐述了导致英语词义变化的因素。
词义的演变不是在封闭的状态下发生的,而是受社会、历史影响和制约。词义演变与社会发展、社会环境、社会阶级、民族情绪、种族情绪、性别差异、社会价值观等社会因素密切相关。任丽波,章东红(2008)对英语词义变化的诸多因素和成因做以下简要的探讨:
1、社会的发展是词义变化的历史因素。人类社会的不断发展,必然促进各个事物由简到繁,由初级到高级。伴随事务的发展,表示事物、现象、行为名词的词也必然有所变化,这就是词义变化的历史原因。
2、文明进步是词义变化的社会因素社会因素是指政治体制、阶级关系、文化、科学的那个诸方面的变革对词义的影响。
3、思维扩展是词义变化的内在因素。心理状态必然通过语言材料的运用表现出来,这是影响词语变化的心理原因。禁忌词,委婉语和夸张词语的存在和发展正是人们种种心理状态的语言产物。
4、文化发展是词义变化的直接因素。语言结构的变化不仅改变语言成分之间的关系,而且时常影响和促进词义的变化,属于语言内部原。
5、交流扩大是词义变化外来语因素。到2009年,付左羽认为词义的演变不仅有其社会、历史等原因,而且还跟语言本身的发展有关。语言间的借词现象、词语的简化以及语言中的类比现象也经常使词义发生演变。这些历史文化因素及语言本身的`原因是词义演变的外因,只能说明语言变化的必要性;其根本动因来源于认知主体认知思维的不断发展和变化。
认知主体的隐喻和转喻认知模式原型范畴理论和图形一背景理论揭示了词义演变的内在机制。王伟华(2010)从社会和语言方面研究,认为社会原因中,包括社会发展和词义变化,社会环境与词义变化,社会阶级与词义变化,民族种族情绪与词义变化,性别差异与词义变化。在语言方面,词义的变化跟语言本身的发展有关。词语的简化,也往往造成词义的演变,语言逐渐趋向简化是英语的一条发展规律。例如:English原义只是“英国的”,而“英语”原来是theEnglishlanguage,“英国人”原来是theEnglishpeople,渐渐都简化为English,于是English这个词的词义就扩大了。在这种情况下,往往还发生词性的变化,English这个词除可以用作形容词以外,还可以用作名词。
二、研究方向
近几年,人们逐渐发现引起词义发生变化的因素不仅仅是外因引起。付左羽(2009)词义演变之因固然可以从社会、历史、语言本身的因素进行解释,但这些只能说明变化的必要性,要揭示词义演变的内在机制和可能性,必须从人的认知的角度进行研究。隐喻与转喻认知模式、原型范畴理论和图形一背景理论是揭示词义演变动因的认知途径。王华伟(2010)在英语词汇长期发展过程中,词义演变可以从不同的方面来归类。每场战争都会出现一些风云人物,不少人会因为他们所扮演的不同角色进入词汇。词义的演变往往跟历史因素和社会发展有关。词义不仅在形成过程中与客观世界、社会实践有密切联系,而且与社会生活中的心理因素、价值观念、民族之间的感情都有关系。
综上所述,英语词义的变化是指词的基本形式不变,而引起词义发生了变化。引起词义变化的因素很复杂,难以一一列举,不过总的说来,现实和现象的变化、人们对现实和现象认识的发展、词义之间的相互影响都可以引起词义的发展变化。因为人类表达思想和交流思想的工具是在不断发展和变化的,在语言的诸多要素中,词汇中的词义变化最快、最显著,这不仅表现在新词的产生和原有词汇的消亡、借用外来词和原有词汇增添新义。就词义变化而言,在现代英语中,词义变化的根本原因是人类社会一直在不断发展变化,因而伴随着社会的进步,语言中的词义变化就顺其社会的变化而变化了,这是人类历史和人类文明发展的总趋势。
三、价值和意义
英语词义通常比较丰富,概念意义只是其中一种。很多人往往只重视词汇的概念意义,忽略其他含义。如果一个词只分配给它一个词义,而且这个词义需要涵盖在不同的上下文中的不同意思,那么,这个词所赋予的意义一定得是笼统和抽象的。这样,就会出现某单词的的某一个语境意义与概念意义相去甚远,甚至南辕北辙。比如“green”一词,本意为绿色的,但在短语“green power”(金钱的力量),其含义大不相同。因此,了解英语词义变化的因素,对我们探索生词的研究有深远的意义。并且,对词汇的掌握有所帮助。
当英语论文,或其他重要的英文文书的初稿撰写完成后,在提交给相关读者阅读之前,必须要经过润色才比较保险。找北京译顶科技,性价比高,我就是在那边做的。你可以加速去知道了解下