常见题型：一、主旨大意题阅读理解是对整个文章的目的、意图、观点、立场、态度以及内在的逻辑关系的理解，而不是断章取义的一孔之见，所以统览全篇和问题是很有必要的，这些问题会给你提供信息或暗示文章中的一些重要细节。在统览全篇的同时要注意抓住文章的中心大意，捕捉主题 句，因为一些显性的答案是可以从主题句中直接回答，而隐性的答案则是要通过对全篇的理解才能得出。主题句一般具有以下特征：1、概括全段思想。2、一般位于段首、段尾或位于段中，它通常是用单词、短语表达的。当然，有些短语没有完整的主题句，其主题只好依据整篇文章及上下文的语境，不是某句话的表面意思。3、解这种题目时，不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，比如涉及文章的标题(title)、主题(main idea)、结论(conclusion)、结局(end)等有关问题，都需要在细读全文的基础上，结合所学语言知识、背景知识、生活常识、科学专业知识进行逻辑思维、推理、判断，从而获取文章中内隐的信息。主旨题常见的命题形式：(1) The main idea of this text may be…….(2) This passage is mainly about…….(3) The author's purpose in writing this text…….(4) Which of the following is the best title for the passage?(5) What’s the topic of the text?(6) The passage gives us is…...典型例题：如：2005年北京市中考题阅读理解C篇第二题：The second paragraph mainly tells us that ____.A. Japanese are always healthier than AmericansB. living in the US is not good for people’s healthC. if you eat too much fat you will have cancerD. the way we eat may cause some health problems答案为D。作者表明饮食方式造成人们的健康问题，提出了主题句，此外，为阐明主题思想，在主题之后以日本为例进一步解释说明此问题。这一类的段落包括三个层次，即：引题—主题—解释。如果学生把握了这类题型的特点就很容易得出结论。第四题：The greatest help the passage gives us is ____.A. to introduce a food guide to the worldB. to provide us with knowledge of six food groupsC. to suggest a way of eating for a healthy lifeD. to find the main cause of some serious diseases答案为C。不同的饮食习惯给我们的健康生活带来了不同的影响，而不是提供各种类型食物的知识等，因此不能只凭文中的只言片语而断章取义，选择其它的选项。二、推断题这种题目有一定难度，往往不能直接从文中找到答案，而必须根据上下文及其相互间的关系或对整篇文章进行深层理解后，才能找到答案。有时甚至还得联系作者的态度、观点、意图、语气等弦外之音、文外之意加以推理，这些题目一般都是深层意义的题目，他们没有明示，大多数属于模糊性的，甚至是模棱两可。解答这类题时，要求同学予以高度重视注意从话题出发，充分运用自己的逻辑思维能力，从文章的内在含义和字里行间中，从作者的态度和取向中获取信息，做出正确的判断，应特别注意以下特征。1、吃透文章的表层意思，是推理的前提和基础；2、推理的根据来自于上下文；3、不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点；4、在提问中常用的词有suggest,mean,infer(推断),from the fact,indicate(暗示) conclusion，probably，likely，reason，because，according to"等。推断题常有的命题形式：?(1) It can be known from the text that ….?(2) From the text we know that ….?(3) The story implies that ….?(4) The paragraph following the passage will most probably be ….?(5) The writer suggests that….?典型例题：如：2005年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读理解C篇第三题：It can be learned from the last paragraph (段落) that ____.A.you are supposed to follow your parents’ wordsB.students should not listen to music before examsC.you have some good reasons to exercise to musicD.music might help you to get higher grades in tests根据文中：A study showed students who listened to Mozart went on to score higher marks in an intelligence test. 这一个信息得知，科学家研究发现，凡是听莫扎特音乐的同学在智力测试中不断获得更高的分数。因而答案为D.又如：2004年北京市中考题阅读理解B篇第三题：What does the writer write the article(文章)for?A.To give us some common knowledge of the mobile phone.B.To introduce how the mobile phone works and what use it has.C.To tell us what short forms of words mean in written messages.D.To show us in what way the mobile phone is expected to develop.文章谈到手机的特点、发展情况、用途等，由此推断：作者的写作目的是让读者了解一些手机的知识、因而答案是A。有些同学选择了B，的确文中提到了手机是怎么工作的和他的用途，但这只是其中的两个方面，判断的依据应是整篇文章及上下文的语境，而且这些同学也没有完全理解作者的意图，而导致失误，如果细致、全面、综合本文就不难推断出正确答案。三、事实细节题在阅读理解题中，又有相当一部分属于事实或细节题，下面仅就这类题的正确解法作简要说明。首先是直接理解性题目，这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案；另外还有一些题目要求对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。典型例题：如：2005年北京市中考题阅读理解 C 篇第三题： Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. More and more people have good eating habits now.B. Parents’eating habits are important to their children.C. Good eating habits develop only when you are young.D. The more fruit and vegetables we eat, the longer we will live.这道题答案为B。文中：When parents have poor eating habits, their children usually do, too. After all, children eat the same way as their parents. 父母的饮食习惯不断地影响着孩子，因此对孩子非常重要。对于这类型的题只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节，就可以解答出来。又如：2004年北京市中考题阅读理解 B篇第一题：The writer talks about_____uses of a mobile phone.A.three B.five C.seven D.nine根据文中“Do you know what use a mobile phone has？ Yes， you can use it to do a lot of things。”之后介绍的5种用法可以判断出答案，即作者谈到5种手机的用途，因而正确答案是B。这种题型是通过句子解释和上下文提供的语境来判断。第二题：What does the writer think of today's mobile phones?A. They are small but very powerful.B.They are very popular and cheap.C.They are every easy for us to use.D.They are big enough to send a signal.根据短文中“Today’s mobile phones are small and easy to use.这一句可以看出答案,因此答案为C.四、猜测词意题这类问题主要考察学生两方面能力。根据上下文推测和判断生词、短语或句子在阅读材料中的含义，即利用我们所熟悉的词或短语和上下文中的已知部分进行逻辑上的推理，有时还需依靠常识和经验。猜词的活动是阅读中经常遇到的，阅读理解题目中的作为干扰项出现的错误选项，一般多是学生比较熟悉、想当然的词典意义，或者适应学生习惯的汉语思维方式；而正确的含义往往不只是词典上的，而是要通过上下文内容的提示才能确定的，解这类题时应注意以下特点：1、注意一些过渡词语，如that is, this is, in other words等，它们直接引出了同义解释；2、注意连接词及被猜测的词前后的因果，让步，递进，转折，列举及承上启下等各种连接上下文的特殊功能。3、注意同义词、近义词、反义词、同位语、定语从句，相似或相反的结构等。4、对于句中首字母或全部是大写的单词,应该猜出可能是专有名词(人名、地名、组织等)，因此拼读有时是最合适的方法。典型例题：如：2005年北京市海淀区中考试题阅读理解C篇第一题：The underlined word enhance can be replaced by _______.A. impress B. improve C. provide D. produce由上句improve一词可猜出enhance也是“提高”之意，又如：2003北京市西城区中考试卷阅读理解D篇第二题： “Flattened wheat” means ___________ .A. broken wheatB. lying wheatC. harvested wheatD. growing wheat此题是依据该短语前面的句子：Some of his wheat was lying on the ground .此外，还有明确的信息：The wheat in the circles lies on the ground but is never broken ;由此我们推测出“Flattened wheat”是lying wheat而不是broken wheat。总之我们要根据不同体裁、不同类型的阅读文章，采用不同的答题技巧，仔细斟酌核对答案。如果时间允许，再将原文读一遍；用全文的主题思想统率各思考题，研究其内在联系和逻辑关系，目的在于对所做答案进一步审查，推出未解答的题，以便减少失误。
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环球教育老师为雅思考生们总结雅思阅读备考技巧如下，希望对您的备考有所帮助~
雅思阅读做为雅思考试的重中之重，其难度系数不可小觑。雅思考生们常常在雅思阅读的考试中碰到许多雅思阅读文章的题目都觉得头痛。
第一类题目，是因为雅思考生的英文功底太薄弱，不明白的英语单词过多了，造成语句读不明白。这类题目常见于一些中长线托管班或走读借宿班，学时一般较为久，尤其是不少雅思考生要直接以初中，或者是高中的英语程度去挑战难度高出本身能力很多的雅思考试，遇到雅思阅读自然是非常头疼的。
这种雅思考生应当以自身的能力水平开展一个选读的训炼，来提升自身的英文功底，进而填补自身的英文程度与雅思考试的差距。
第二类题目是雅思考生不熟习刷题的步聚，在规定的时间内做雅思阅读题和不规定的时间内刷题的差别十分大。这类环境在雅思的诸多VIP班比较多见，特别是在是一对一和VIP中班中比较多见。这种的雅思考生一般言语功底比较好，不外雅思阅读却不如愿以偿，考出的雅思结果远低于本身的真实程度。
这类雅思考生的题目重要在于对雅思阅读题型和雅思阅读的观察重点不敷熟习，不行以大概有用使用本身的语言程度阅读文章。对此，VIP小班的老师会总结出全部的题型以及做题要领，让雅思考生可以大概在短期之内对雅思阅读熟习，以发挥出本身真实的语言程度。
不知道以上内容能否对您的雅思备考有些许帮助，如有雅思备考相关问题可以随时在线咨询我们的环球教育老师~~第一时间为您制定计划解答疑问，希望同学们都可以取得理想的雅思分数~
环球教育秉持教育成就未来的理念，专注于为中国学子提供优质的出国语言培训及配套服务。环球教育在教学中采用“九步闭环法”，帮助学生快速提升学习效能，同时提供优质的课后服务，跟进学生学习进程，为优质教学提供坚强的保障。目前，环球教育北京学校已构建了包含语言培训、出国咨询、国际课程、游学考察、在线课程等在内的一站式服务教育生态圈。相关问题可在线免费咨询，或拨打免费热线~~
1、学会跳读。如果我们一个个单词都去阅读，不但耗费时间，而且没有效果也不理想。实际上，跳读也能很好的把握文章的主旨大意和中心思想。 2、学会猜测生单词和词组含义。对于有了多年英语学习经验的人来说，可以不需要通过边阅读边查单词的方式来理解词语的意义。我们可以通过阅读上下文之间的联系来解决。在欧美人语言表达习惯中，同义定义的情况很多。 3、熟悉英语文章的特点。英语文章一般来说，有时候会采取语序颠倒的方式而不是正常的语序。很多时候，作者会把谓语动词提前或者用形式主语的形式来设置句子。我们需要掌握一些基本的英语文章的特点。 4、对于语法的熟悉程度。看懂一篇难度不大英语文章，不仅仅是词汇量的问题，更重要的是熟悉英语语法。欧美人比起母语为汉语的人来说更加喜欢用长且复杂的句型来表达他们的观点，限制性定语从句使用比较广泛。 5、掌握英语翻译的特点。在欧美人中普遍喜欢意译的方式，因为这种翻译方法更能灵活且忠实的表达出原作的意义。逐字翻译尽管有不少优点，毕竟在英语文章翻译中不完全适合。我们需要掌握翻译的三原则“信、“达”、”雅“。
精读一篇高考难度的英语阅读，那么首先，跟我们去看普通的中文文章是一样的。了解英文文章的段落分类。提取里面重要的单词量。再根据题目的要求去重点阅读英语文章当中的段落。其实英语的阅读，并不难，最主要是是在把自己原本课堂上的知识学好以后，多增加一些额外的英语阅读量词汇量。
上了大学以后，发现高考难度的英语阅读并不是特别的难，其中的词汇并没有多少，只要自己的单词量过关，想要精读一篇英语阅读，是非常简单的。打一个比方，本来是一个有包装的产品，结果被你把包装都卸了，全部成中文了，那你还看不懂其中的意思吗？想要精读一篇英语文章，你只需要把你的单词量过关，能够读通顺这个课文，能够把它一整篇的翻译过来，那就算是精读了。
词汇是阅读得以顺利进行的前提。所以要边增加词汇，边加大阅读。而且一篇文章需要反复去读，一周精读一篇即可，查出所有生词，理解每句话背后的意思。我们来举个例子吧：Men emerged half-naked in streets as the mercury rose to the record high. 这句话里的mercury是水银，整句话的意思是，气温创下历史新高，街上的男人们都开始光膀子了。如果你只知道mercury是水银，不知道它是温度计的水银柱可以隐喻气温，那就是还没有真正弄懂，类似的例子还有很多。可见阅读是需要温故知新的，需要天天进行，精读泛读和词汇同步，逐步提高难度。
把学习过程划分为 Pre-learning, While-learning, Post-learning 三个阶段，这就是 PWP 教学过程。
Pre-learning （学习前）阶段是教师进行教学准备、学生自我准备、教师激活学生学习新的语言知识、形成新的语言运用能力所需的知识、能力的阶段，其目的是为新语言内容的学习进行准备。这一阶段包括是课堂教学之前的一切准备活动，也包括课堂教学中开始学习新的语言内容之前的导入、启动、复习、激活等活动。
While-learning （学习中）阶段当然就是学习新语言的阶段，一般是在课堂进行，但也可以是学习在课堂之外的自我学习活动。在这一阶段，教师进行知识呈现、讲解，引导学生进行训练，学生通过学习掌握语言内容，形成运用能力。
Post-learning （学习后）阶段是学习新语言之后的评价、运用阶段，这一阶段应该是课堂之外的运用活动阶段，因为课堂内的活动本质上都属于学习阶段的活动，即使是课堂内的运用活动也是促进学习的运用活动。
与传统的写作教学法相比，过程教学法明显地显示出自己的优越性：
（一） 渗透到整个写作过程教师的作文教学不再是读范文和给评语，而是贯穿到写作过程的每一个阶段，将整个写作过程当做了教学重点，使学生得到了全面的指导和帮助。
（二） 开阔了学生的思路通过老师的启发、同学的指正和范文的引导，学生们扩展了思路，将写作的重点放在了表达完整的思想内容上，使他们的作文更真实，更具有说服力。
（三） 培养了学生的积极性学生受到了老师的关怀和尊重，从老师的批注中得到鼓舞和勉力，激发了他们对作文的兴趣，提高了写作的积极性。
（四） 拓展了自由的空间老师不再将批改的重点放在语法、词条和句子结构等条条框框上，使学生免去许多束缚，得以源源不断地发挥意识深处所要表达的思想内容。
参考资料百度百科——PWP
英语新新课标从培养学生综合语言能力到培养学生学科核心素养，关注点发生了变化，更加注重学生能力和品格的培养。核心素养的提出意味着我国的英语基础教育进入了以学生为中心，以学科育人为导向，以核心素养发展为目标的新时代。 英语阅读教学一般都采用PWP的基本教学模式 1.Pre-reading 目的:激发学生的阅读兴趣、激活他们的背景知识、导入话题 阅读前 活动:1.以旧带新;2.头脑风暴;3.背景介绍;4.任务驱动 目的:了解文本大意，获取信息，训练阅读技巧 2.阅读中 While-reading 活动:阅读并了解语育大意:将阅读文本的插图打乱师序，让学生 排序:根据文章内容判断正误、回答问题或完成句子等;根据文章 内容进行信息转换，如填表、填空、连线、标图、配对或排序等:给阅读材料加标题:猜测词义，了解重点细节等 目的:训练学生对文本信息的输出能力，提升人文素养 3.Post-reading 阅读后 活动:1.复述;2.角色扮演;3.仿写/续写/改写;4.拓展阅读核心素养背景下英语阅读教学 核心素养背景下英语阅读所要遵循的原则 1足够量的、适当的、多种文体的阅读素材 2创设积极的阅读动机和环境提供积极的阅读体验 3力求课内外阅读相结合培养学生主动学习的习惯 4“为理解而培养”策略 5引导读者在文本意义、作者态度、语篇结构、语言特点与修辞 6修辞的手法鉴赏 7铺垫语言知识，促进新知识增长优化认知结构 8围绕阅读语篇来设计听、说、读、写、看相结合的活动 9持续观察和反馈学生的阅读行为重视其努力的程度 10实践体现个体差异的阅读教学方式
PWP 教学过程当我们关注学习过程时，我们可以把学习过程划分为 Pre-learning, While-learning, Post-learning 三个阶段，这就是 PWP 教学过程。Pre-learning （学习前）阶段是教师进行教学准备、学生自我准备、教师激活学生学习新的语言知识、形成新的语言运用能力所需的知识、能力的阶段，其目的是为新语言内容的学习进行准备。这一阶段包括是课堂教学之前的一切准备活动，也包括课堂教学中开始学习新的语言内容之前的导入、启动、复习、激活等活动。While-learning （学习中）阶段当然就是学习新语言的阶段，一般是在课堂进行，但也可以是学习在课堂之外的自我学习活动。在这一阶段，教师进行知识呈现、讲解，引导学生进行训练，学生通过学习掌握语言内容，形成运用能力。Post-learning （学习后）阶段是学习新语言之后的评价、运用阶段，这一阶段应该是课堂之外的运用活动阶段，因为课堂内的活动本质上都属于学习阶段的活动，即使是课堂内的运用活动也是促进学习的运用活动。PWP 教学过程可以用于英语教学的每一项具体语言教学内容，在技能教学中表现为不同的具体形式，如听力中的 Pre-listening, while-listening 和 post-listening ，口语中的 Pre-speaking, while-speaking 和 post-speaking ，阅读中的 Pre-reading, while-reading 和 post-reading ，写作中的 Pre-writing, while-writing 和 post-writing 。
一、教学过程不同：
PWP= pre reading, while reading, post reading
PPP= presentation, practice, production
二、用法不同：
通常好像ppp用于低年级教学比较多，且pwp要依托于阅读文本，grammar和vocabulary教学可能没有阅读文本所以不适用于pwp。另外好像也没有说不同内容的课程（比如阅读、写作课）一定要使用某种（pwp）的教学方法，只是通常分类。
扩展资料：
PWP（任务型）:阅读、写作、听说课，口语课材料有听力和书面材料2类，我看口语课教案，听力材料的写出来像听说课，书面材料写出来的像阅读课。因为都包含好的教案设计都包含“口语”部分呐。
口语的材料类型复杂，可能是书面材料，也可能是阅读材料（包括只给几个问题和要求的情况），甚至可能都包含，所以如pwp模式的口语课，pre-speaking，while-speak，post-speaking，内容是不好分开的，尤其口语讨论很容易在3个过程中都存在。
参考资料来源：百度百科-PWP
在日常的学习、工作、生活中，大家对作文都不陌生吧，通过作文可以把我们那些零零散散的思想，聚集在一块。如何写一篇有思想、有文采的作文呢？下面是我精心整理的初二英语作文300字9篇，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。
Last week, we went to see a robot show with my good friends.We saw many robots in the show. The show was so wonderful that many people came to see it. Some robots looked like humans. They could help with the housework, such as sweeping the floor and doing the dishes. They were very helpful. Some of them could dance and play sports. They were very nice.some others looked like snakes. They could help look for people under buildings after an earthquake.
I had a good time enjoying the show. And I think there will be more robots and robots can help us a lot in the future.
Early Rising
Early rising benefits us in many ways.
First, it helps to keep us fit. We all need fresh air. But air is never so fresh as early in the morning. Besides, by taking morning exercises we can improve our health.
Second, it can help us in our studies. In the morning we can learn more quickly.
Third, it can enable us to plan our work for the day. We cannot work well without a proper plan. Early rising can also give us enough time to get ready for our work..
So we say that those who always get up late should make great effort to get up early.
Teenager’s Opinion About Moral
With the development of Internet, people can get to know the instant news and see what happens around the world. We hear about the bad news about teenager’s wrong behavior now and then, the biggest is about a teenager insulted a girl and got arrested.
The whole world is watching the case, because the teenager is born in a rich family. Teenager has been criticized for their lack of moral consciousness, before the case, not a lot of people realize teenager’s moral problem.
There was a new year English party in our classroom,we'd invite our foreign teacher Mary john.each team should prepare two performances for this party,such as singing ,dancing ,talk show and so on.every student should participate in that party,if you want ,you can bring some food and beverage,we'd have a nice party.the party started from 7.30 to 10 ,12.30.09 I dont know what you mean ,I am not in your shoes ,I think you should think what situation you have,I just give you a construction.
It was Monday. I got up very early and was the first to come to the classroom. When I came to my desk and was going to sit down, I found my chair was broken. What could I do? At that time no one was around. I quickly changed my chair with Li Mings and sat down to read the book as if nothing had happened.
My classmates came in one after another. After a while, Li Ming came. When he found his chair was broken, he tried to repair it. I didnt say a word but my face turned red. Soon I ran to the teachers office and brought back a hammer. I said to I.i Ming, Lets repair it together.
In my ophfion, examinations are one of the important activities in school life. I have gone through all sorts of examations since my primary school I have tasted the flavor of happiness and sadness.
Before examinations, I always have a hard time and don’t know what to do. During examinations I feel nervous and sometimes my mind becomes blank. Only after exaninations does the world seem to be bright again and am I brimming with vigor. We often complain that our teachers make trouble for us on purpose. But it is not true. The fact is that examinations are just a way to help us do better in our study.
Our Motherland
Our great motherland is one of the largest countries in the world. It has a population of over eleven hundred million. Peking is its capital.
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking. We have a glorious revolutionary tradition. We drove out Japanese invaders and overthrew Kuomingtang government. In 1949 the People's Republic of China was founded. Since then great changes have taken place in our motherland. Now our country is getting stronger and stronger. We Chinese people are working hard to make our motherland into a powerful socialist country.
I still remember my first flight.
I took a flight in Beijing Airport. I got there early. I had my bag weighed first. After a while I began to get on the plane.
When I sat on the plane, Boeing 737, I fastened my seat belt. Then I looked out of the windows, seeing the ground running backwards. When the plane began to take off, I felt it interesting very much.
During about 2 hours’ flight, I saw a film and had a delicious meal. Then the plane began to get lower and I got to Xi’an safely.
How excited I was on my first flight.
The summer vacation began. I decided to work to make money for the next term. But I didn’t know what work I could do.
At that time, my mother was writing a book. I decided to type for her for pay. She agreed and paid me 5 yuan for 1000 words.
I began to work. I typed so slowly that I could type only several hundred words a day. It was a hard job for me. I kept typing all day long.
I finished the work two weeks later. I came to know how hard it was to make money.
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.But
I don't think so. In my opinion, to read books is more valuable than anything else.
The old saying "To open a book is always helpful" clearly tells us how good it is to read a book.
Books are our friends. They introduce us different kinds of knowledge. They lead us down the road to success.
Books are our teachers. They teach us troth, science, literature, and philosophy of life. Besides, they increase our knowledge, enlarge our experience,strengthen our character and do many other things which we can not do without them.
Books tell us what is good and what is evil. And only books can tell the good from the bad.
Therefore to read more books is the best policy for our young students.
读书的价值
人们常说金子和银子是世界上最有价值的东西，但我不这样认为。在我看来，读书比任何其他事情更有价值。
“开卷有益”清楚地告诉了我们读书有多好。
书是我们的朋友。它们向我们介绍不同种类的知识，它指导我们沿着成功之路前行。
书是我们的老师。它们教我们真理、科学、文学和生活的哲理，同时它们增加了我们的知识，扩大了我们的视野，增强了我们的个性，使我们还做了在没有书的情况下绝不可能完成的其他事情。
书能让我们明辨是非，并且只有书才能让我们吸取反面教训。
因此，读更多的书是我们青少年学生的明智之举。
Knowledge can be acquired from many sources. These include books, teachers and practical experience, and each has its own advantages. The knowledge we gain from books and formal education enables us to learn about things that we have no opportunity to experience in daily life. We can study all the places in the world and learn from people we will never meet in our lifetime, just by reading about them in books. We can also develop our *** ytical skills and learn how to view and interpret the world around us in different ways. Furthermore, we can learn from the past by reading books. In this way, we won't repeat the mistakes of others and can build on their achievements.
Practical experience, on the other hand, can give us more useful knowledge. It is said that one learns best by doing, and I believe that this is true, whether one is successful or not. In fact, I think making mistakes is the best way to learn. Moreover, if one wants to make new advances, it is necessary to act. Innovations do not e about through reading but through experimentation. Finally, one can apply the skills and insights gained through the study of books to practical experience, making an already meaningful experience more meaningful. However, unless it is applied to real experiences, book knowledge remains theoretical and, in the end, is useless. That is why I believe that knowledge gained from practical experience is more important than that acquired from books.
书本知识与实际经验
获得知识的来源有很多，其中包括书本、老师，以及实际经验，而每一种都有其优点。从书本上及正规教育中所获得的知识使我们知道在日常生活中没有机会亲身去体验的事。通过读书，我们可以研究世界各地的资料，还可以向不曾谋面的人学习。我们也可以培养分析的技巧，并学习如何以不同的方式去观察并理解周围的世界。此外，我们可以通过读书，从历史中获取教训。如此一来，就不会再重复别人的错误，并且能够以他人的成就作为我们行动的基础。
另一方面，实际经验能够给我们更多有用的知识。大家都说从做中学的效果最好，我也认为的确如此，无论一个人成功与否。事实上，我认为犯错是最好的学习方式。此外，如果想要有新的进展，就必须要付诸行动。想要创新，只靠阅读是不够的，必须要去实践。最后，我们可以将通过读书所获得的技巧和见解应用于实际经验中，使得原本有意义的经验变得更有意义。不过，除非我们能将书本知识运用于实际经验中，否则书本知识终究仍只是理论，毫无用处。那就是为什么我会认为从实际经验中获得的知识比从书本中所得到的知识更为重要。
My face looks like a castle room, but the inside is always very chaotic,but I still like my own room. My favorite room in my reading, writing, listening to music, doing things they like, but also be free fantasy. Whenever the after school came home, I burst into the room, forcing the less than special greeting to the dolls are their fortable in her arms sitting desk, and singing songs. replaced by large casual wear, the pressure of schoolwork all disappear without a trace.
In addition, the room is my sister's secret base in chatting, my mother often in the window watching us happy along the probe, and the sum of us laughing in unison, sometimes playing with playing with toys on the chaotic, but I am still feel that this is a warm paradise.
I really liked our room, even if not always greasy with Xian Fan, it is always quiet and free of waiting for me, I wish I could always be together, and it is.
it's generally considered that reading do a lot of benefit to our students.not only can it make our after-school life more meaningful and corlourful,but it can expand our horizons.as a result,with reading more,we would grow into a better person.however, in current days,many of us spend most of the leisure time in playing games or surfing the inter,instead of reading. it's a pity to find it less and less our students are interesting in reading,or have formed a habit of reading.so,in order to revive reading,this beneficial activity,we'd better take action right now.let's read together,learn together and grow tergether！ 差点漏了翻译。
..大家都普遍认为读书对我们学生有莫大的益处。读书不仅丰富我们的课余时间，而且能拓宽我们的视野。
所以，读书能使我们成长成为一个更优秀的人。然而，在当下，我们中多数人都把大部分空闲时间耗费在玩游戏或者上网上，而不是用来读书。
令人遗憾的是，我们越来越少学生对读书感兴趣，或是有读书的习惯。所以，为了使读书，这种有益的活动重新流行起来，我们最好马上行动起来。
让我们一同阅读，一同学习，一同成长。
Some people say that money is the best thing in the world. But I consider reading books as the best and the most precious thing one can ever have. Reading books is very important. First of all, it is knowledge that makes society develop and by reading books you can get all kinds of knowledge. Furthemore, reading books makes you a qualified person and makes your life enjoyable. One is never too old to learn. No matter what time you rcalize the importance of reading books, you can enjoy it during the rest of your life time. Love books, for they are your best friends。
How to Do Reading
In my opinion, when it es to reading English articles, I think it's necessary to look through all paragraphs, so that we can get the main ideas of the article.
If you don't have enough time to go through it, then just get the main idea of each paragraph. Basically, there would be a hint at the beginning of the article, which will tell us what this article is all about. And in the following paragraphs, the key idea usually exists in the beginning or at the end of the paragraph. Then, run to the conclusion part to get the writer's opinion on this.
I like to read books when I am free. I like to read all kinds of books. I think reading is a good habit as well as a nice hobby . I understand a lot of things which I can't learn in class. Reading opens my mind and heart, reading gives me wisdom and teaches me a lot of valuable lessons, too. I think we should make friends with books and we can learn a lot from them! If you don't like reading,you will be out of the fashsion.Nobody likes to make friends with a person who has no knowledge.
People often say that gold and silver are the most valuable things in the world.ButI don't think so. In my opinion, to read books is more valuable than anything else.The old saying "To open a book is always helpful" clearly tells us how good it is to read a book.Books are our friends. They introduce us different kinds of knowledge. They lead us down the road to success.Books are our teachers. They teach us troth, science, literature, and philosophy of life. Besides, they increase our knowledge, enlarge our experience,strengthen our character and do many other things which we can not do without them.Books tell us what is good and what is evil. And only books can tell the good from the bad.Therefore to read more books is the best policy for our young students.读书的价值人们常说金子和银子是世界上最有价值的东西，但我不这样认为。
在我看来，读书比任何其他事情更有价值。“开卷有益”清楚地告诉了我们读书有多好。
书是我们的朋友。它们向我们介绍不同种类的知识，它指导我们沿着成功之路前行。
书是我们的老师。它们教我们真理、科学、文学和生活的哲理，同时它们增加了我们的知识，扩大了我们的视野，增强了我们的个性，使我32313133353236313431303231363533e58685e5aeb931333332633537们还做了在没有书的情况下绝不可能完成的其他事情。
书能让我们明辨是非，并且只有书才能让我们吸取反面教训。因此，读更多的书是我们青少年学生的明智之举。
HOW TO BE A GOOD STUDENT （怎样做个好学生） If you want to be a good student, three attributes can help you in your studies. First, a sense of responsibility is important for building a sound character. If you aren't responsible, you'll postpone your assignments or devote too little time to your schoolwork. Second, in school life, relationships beeen people are valuable. Friends can bring you happiness and laughter. In addition, you c敞叮搬顾植该邦双鲍晶an discuss problems and pursue knowledge with them. Last, it is important to have a constructive philosophy of life. If you are defeated, don't be disappointed. Try to face your life and your studies with courage and determination. If you can work toward these goals, you'll bee a well-rounded and versatile student instead of being a bookworm.。
The Importance of Reading Classics
It is widely acknowledged that reading classics is both important and beneficial to the character development and personal growth of the young people. As for me, nothing can bring more joy and happiness than reading those masterpieces created by great figures like Confucius and Cao Xueqin. I believe works like The Dream in the Red Chamber and The Legend of Three Kingdoms can drastically elevate one's aesthetic taste and deepen the understanding of the glorious history of Chinese culture.
However, the modern society is full of temptations. Compared with TV soap operas, sport events, and video games, classical literary works are old fashioned and time consuming. In bookstores, “Fast-food” reading materials are replacing classics, and young writers with sensational and “cool” remarks win the support of a large number of fans.
we college students should be fully aware of the important role the classics play in broadening one's vision. Therefore, we should start reading and studying the treasuries our ancestors center and absorbing the essence of those classical works. We should also advocate to the public the importance of classics so that an increasing number of general people can enjoy the pleasure of reading
参考翻译：
现在人们已经公认为阅读经典对于年轻人的个性成长是重要而且有益的。就我而言，没有任何事比阅读那些诸如孔子，曹雪芹等人的名著更能让我兴奋了。我相信像红楼梦，三国演义这样的著作能够极大地提升一个人的艺术品位，加深对中国文化史的了解。
然而，现代社会有各种各样的诱惑。和肥皂剧，体育比赛，视频游戏比较，经典文学显得有些跟不上潮流且需要耗费大量的时间。在书店里，快餐式的阅读材料代替了经典，年轻的作者凭借敏感的酷酷的形式赢得大量人的追捧。
我们大学生应当充分认识到阅读经典对于开扩我们的视野所起的作用。因此，我们应当阅读学习先辈创造的财富，吸收经典中的精华。我们还应当向公众宣传经典文学的重要性，那样更多的人才能加入到阅读经典的行列当中。
英语美文题材丰富,涉及面广,大多蕴涵人生哲理。引导学生欣赏美文,不仅能提高他们的阅读理解能力,而且能使他们得到美的熏陶,从而提高学生对周围事物的认识。下面是我带来的经典优秀英语美文阅读，欢迎阅读!
Twelve Keys for Building TrustThe foundation of any relationship, whether it be with a Business associate, spouse, parent, client or, friend, is trust. Trust is not something that can be built with quick fix techniques. Rather, it is something that is cultivated through consistent habits in your interactions. The following are twelve patterns of behavior that increase trust in your relationships.
1. Be transparent
Do not try to hide things from others. Refuse to have any hidden agendas. You might think you can pull a fast one on someone else. You can’t. Most people have good intuition and even though they may not be able to consciously determine that you are hiding something, they very likely will have an uneasy feeling around you. If they don`t feel comfortable around you, they won't be able to trust you.
Another sinister aspect of having hidden agenda is that it erodes your ability to trust others. You will assume that if you aren’t fully forthcoming, other people aren’t either. When you are trustworthy, however, you will see others as more trustworthy too.
2. Be sincere
This is similar to the previous point. Only say what you mean. Be impeccably honest with your words. Refuse to try and craft your words to manipulate others. Don`t give fake compliments, patronize others or say something just because you think you are supposed to. Again, people have good BS detectors. When others know that you only speak genuinely, it increases their capacity to trust you. Everyone loves authenticity.
3. Focus on adding value
In any relationship, always have the best interest of others at heart. Work hard to give as much or more than you get. When you consistently add value to someone`s life, they not only feel like you are on their side, they also have the urge to reciprocate. In Business relationships, this means always under-promise and over-deliver. In personal relationships, focusing on meeting the needs of the other person instead of taking in order to get your own needs met.
4. Be present
The last thing anyone wants is to have a conversation with someone who isn’t there. Instead of retreating into your head, focus on listening to others. Whenever you are with someone, make them your primary focus. Don’t think about work while you are at Home talking to your spouse. Don’t think about life at Home when you are with a client. When it comes to relationships, presence means quality time and quality time builds trust.
5. Always treat people with respect
Ever since we were little kids, we have been taught to be respectful. However, when our standards get violated or there is no one around to see , we can often engage in petty behavior. This encompasses a wide range of actions from personal attacks during arguments to gossiping behind someone’s back.
Always remember that another person’s inherent worth as a human being entitles them to be treated with dignity. When people know that you will always treat with them respect, it is very natural for trust to flourish.
6. Take responsibility
When you mess up, which you invariably will, be quick to clean it up. Skip the excuses and just take responsibility. Justifying and making excuses may help you in the short term but in the long run, it does nothing for your character or the level of trust you are given. Accountability is a rare trait these days with most people wanting to avoid negative consequences at all costs. Dare to be different and you will win the trust of others.
7. Focus on feedback
Unless you`re a mind reader, the only way you can know how well a relationship is going is by getting feedback from the other person. Be not only willing to accept feedback – actively seek it out. Many people are afraid to give you feedback, especially if its negative, out of fear that they will offend. Ask with sincerity and respond respectfully and others will be far more willing. Take both the positive and negative into account along with your own judgment and adjust your behaviour accordingly.
8. Take criticism well
Learn to handle criticism with grace. Instead of getting defensive, consider the possibility that what the other person is saying might be true. Closing yourself off from criticism has the effect of closing off all communication.
In some cases, the criticism may indeed be inaccurate. In these instances, you have the opportunity to show empathy. Try to understand the problem from the other person’s point of view. Perhaps the criticism is just a thinly veiled attack that stems from a deeper upset they may have with you. In these cases, your willingness to dig deeper without getting defensive will certainly enhance the trust in the relationship.
9. Set boundaries
Be clear about how you expect people to behave around you. Again, do this in a mature manner: be sincere and respectful. When you have clear standards, people know exactly how to behave around you and that gives them certainty. The strength that you communicate by setting boundaries builds trust – when someone knows that they can`t take advantage you that alleviates the fear that someone else will.
10. Be a class act
Hold yourself to a higher a standard. Be quick to apologize when you know you are wrong. Only speak well of others, even those who don`t speak well of you.
Why should you do this? First, imagine what it would do to your sense of self to know that other people only have good experiences with you. Second, imagine how much trust such behaviour engenders in others. Finally, imagine the example you set for others – the conduct of others will improve just by being around you consistently.
11. Your word is your bond
Keep all the promises you make and ensure that you make promises only sparingly. Make your word stronger than any written contract. Refuse to make empty promises and manipulate people.
When a promise you have made is no longer beneficial to you, instead of deciding to not follow through, attempt to renegotiate the deal. When you renegotiate the agreement, ensure that the new commitment provides even more value to the other person.
12. Be consistent
Above all, be consistent in your behavior. Don’t engage in the behavior once in a while when it seems convenient. Your consistency is the key to your trustworthiness. Small actions add up and a track record of high character is invaluable in any relationship. Become intensely principle-centered and trust will follow easily and consistently.
最高期望Pete Rose, the famous baseball player, whom I have never met, taught me something so valuable that changed my life. Pete was being interviewed in spring training the year he was about to break Ty Cobb's all time hits record. One reporter blurted out, "Pete, you only need 78 hits to break the record. How many at-bats do you think you'll need to get the 78 hits?" Without hesitation, Pete just stared at the reporter and very matter-of-factly said, "78." The reporter yelled back, "Ah, come on Pete, you don't expect to get 78 hits in 78 at-bats, do you?"
Mr. Rose calmly shared his philosophy with the throngs of reporters who were anxiously awaiting his reply to this seemingly boastful claim. "Every time I step up to the plate, I expect to get a hit! If I don't expect to get a hit, I have no right to step in the batter's box in the first place!" "If I go up hoping to get a hit," he continued, "then I probably don't have a prayer of getting a hit. It is positive expectation that has gotten me all of the hits in the first place."
When I thought about Pete Rose's philosophy and how it applied to everyday life, I felt a little embarrassed. As a business person, I was hoping to make my sales quotas. As a father, I was hoping to be a good dad. As a married man, I was hoping to be a good husband. The truth was that I was an adequate salesperson, I was not so bad of a father, and I was an okay husband. I immediately decided that being okay was not enough! I wanted to be a great salesperson, a great father and a great husband. I changed my attitude to one of positive expectation, and the results were amazing. I was fortunate enough to win a few sales trips, I won Coach of the Year in my son's baseball league, and I share a loving relationship with my wife, Karen, with whom I expect to be married to for the rest of my life! Thanks, Mr. Rose!
父亲的眼睛
Bob Richards, the former pole-vault champion, shares a moving story about a skinny young boy who loved football with all his heart. Practice after practice, he eagerly gave everything he had. But being half the size of the other boys, he got absolutely nowhere. At all the games, this hopeful athlete sat on the bench and hardly ever played. This teenager lived alone with his father, and the two of them had a very special relationship.
Even though the son was always on the bench, his father was always standing with cheering. He never missed a game. This young man was still the smallest of the class when he entered high school. But his father continued to encourage him but also made it very clear that he did not have to play football if he didn't want to. But the young man loved football and decided to hang in there. He was determined to try his best at every practice, and perhaps he'd get to play when he became a senior.
All through high school he never missed a practice nor a game but remained a bench-warmer all four years. His faithful father was always in the stands, always with words of encouragement for him.
When the young man went to college, he decided to try out for the football team as a "walk-on." Everyone was sure he could never make the cut, but he did. The coach admitted that he kept him on the roster because he always puts his heart and soul to every practice, and at the same time, provided the other members with the spirit and hustle they badly needed.
The news that he had survived the cut thrilled him so much that he rushed to the nearest phone and called his father. His father shared his excitement and was sent season tickets for all the college games. This persistent young athlete never missed practice during his four years at college, but he never got to play in a game.
It was the end of his last football season, and as he trotted onto the practice field shortly before the big playoff game, the coach met him with a telegram. The young man read the telegram and he became deathly silent.
Swallowing hard, he mumbled to the coach, "My father died this morning. Is it all right if I miss practice today?" The coach put his arm gently around his shoulder and said, "Take the rest of the week off, son. And don't even plan to come back to the game on Saturday."
Saturday arrived, and the game was not going well. In the third quarter, when the team was ten points behind, a silent young man quietly slipped into the empty locker room and put on his football gear. As he ran onto the sidelines, the coach and his players were astounded to see their faithful teammate back so soon. "Coach, please let me play. I've just got to play today." said the young man. The coach pretended not to hear him. There was no way he wanted the worst player in this close playoff game.
But the young man persisted, and finally feeling sorry for the kid, the coach gave in. "All right," he said. "You can go in." Before long, the coach, the players and everyone in the stands could not believe their eyes. This little unknown, who had never played before was doing everything right. The opposing team could not stop him. He ran, he passed, blocked like a star.
His team began to triumph. The score was soon tied. In the closing seconds of the game, this kid intercepted a pass and ran all the way for the winning touchdown. The fans broke loose. His teammates hoisted him onto their shoulders. Such cheering you never heard.
He looked at the coach, with tears in his eyes, and said, "Well, you knew my dad died, but did you know that my dad was blind?" The young man swallowed hard and forced a smile, "Dad came to all my games, but today was the first time he could see me play, and I wanted to show him I could do it!"
英语是国际经济、技术、信息等交流中应用最广泛的语言，也是我国基础教育中最主要的外语课程。我整理了简单的英文美文短文，欢迎阅读!
There are basically two ways to get work done.
完成工作通常有两种基本方式。
One is to work individually. In this way, people can decide for themselves when to start work and how to do it. What's more, they will be able to learn how to solve problems on their own and how to think independently.
一种是独立完成，通过这种方法，人们可以自己决定什么时候开始，怎么去做。更主要的是可以学习如何解决问题和如何独立思考。
People may also choose to work in a team, where they can learn from each other and help each other. Besides, they may work out better ways to get work done by discussion. They can truly learn the skills of cooperation and how to get through the ideas to their mates.
大家也可以选择在一个团队里工作，这样大家可以相互学习，相互帮助。并且，他们可以通过讨论找到更好更快的完成工作的方法。他们可以真正的学会和和获大家的思维观点。
Personally, I prefer to work in a team, which offers me a chance to learn how to get along with others and to share my experiences with them. As the work can be divided among several people, it can be done efficiently. Teamwork is always important.
我个人而言，比较喜欢在一个团队里工作，这样可以给我提供一个和别人一块相处的机会并且可以互相分享经验。当一个工作需要分给几个人共同完成，肯定做的非常好，团队合作是非常重要的。
Chinese women's volleyball team once achieved great honor in the last century, their spirit of never giving up inspired so many people. But during the last decade, as the old volleyball players retired and the new ones were not stronger enough, the team met difficulty. While winning an important match announced their return.
中国女排曾经在上个世纪取得了极大的荣誉,她们永不放弃的精神激励了很多人。但在过去的十年中,由于老一代排球运动员退役了和新人还不够强,团队遇到了困难。然而在赢得了一场重要的比赛后，女排宣布了她们的回归。
Last night, Chinese women's volleyball team had an very impotant match against Brazil team in the Rio olympic games. The hope to win was very very little, because Brazil team was such strong, they were the champion of last two olympic games and Chinese team only won one match for the last 18 records. What's more, almost all the audiences supported Brazil team.
昨晚, 在里约热内卢奥运会，中国女排有一场很重要的比赛，对阵巴西女排。赢的几率非常小,因为巴西女排很强，她们两届奥运会的冠军,中国队只赢了一场比赛在过去的18场记录中。更重要的是,几乎所有的观众都支持巴西队。
It seemed to win the match was not possible for the Chinese team, but the girls were very strong and insistented to fight for the last mimute. Even they lost the first game, they never gave up. Especially for the last two point, they were so brave and finally won the match.
似乎中国队赢得比赛是不可能的,但是女孩们都非常强大,坚持争取到最后一刻。即使她们输了第一局比赛,但是她们从不放弃。特别是最后两个赛点,她们勇敢,最后赢得了比赛。
This is the spirit of women's volleyball team, we saw these girls fight for the last minute, they are the best team.
这是女排的精神,我们看到这些女孩争取最后到一分钟,她们是最好的团队。
Nowadays, with the rapid development of information technology, internet and electronic commerce have been very popular in our daily lives. For example, it is fashionable for youngsters to purchase daily essentials, such as books, clothes, electrical equipment, on some famous website, like
如今,随着信息技术的快速发展,互联网和电子商务已经非常受欢迎的在我们的日常生活中。例如,时尚的年轻人购买日常必需品,如书籍、衣服、电器设备,在一些著名的网站
Taobao, EBay and Alibaba, through many courier companies. As we all known, online shopping has many advantages. Firstly, online shopping is more convenient than traditional means. We can find a shop with so many goods that we may favor, while all these just need clicking our mouse and typing-in the key word of what we want to find. And it also saves our a great some of time. Secondly, more choices than real store are another attraction to customers. Online shopping can provide mass
EBay和阿里巴巴,淘宝通过许多快递公司。我们都知道,网上购物有很多好处。首先,网上购物比传统方法更方便。我们可以找到一个商店,里面有很多商品,我们可以支持,而所有这些只需要点击鼠标和输入的关键词我们想要找到的东西。同时也节省了一些时间。其次,更多的选择比真正的商店是另一个吸引顾客。网上购物可以提供质量
information about products which can be suit for customer's needs, tastes, and preferences. Thirdly, as without traditional warehouses and retail shops, online shopping has can make us gain lower costs and prices. However, in spite of its advantages, we can't turn a blind eye to its disadvantages. Obviously, quality problem is its first disadvantage. Customers always buy fake commodities which are not described as online shops. In addition, it's troublesome and annoying for us to make a change when they are not satisfied with what we bought online. The second disadvantage is security issues. When we shop online, we need pay for the commodities by electronic payments, but hackers can invade our computers and steal our information, this is not safe for online shopping.
信息产品可以满足客户的需求,品味,和偏好。第三,没有传统仓库和零售商店,网上购物可以让我们获得更低的成本和价格。然而,尽管它的优点,我们不能视而不见缺点。显然,质量问题是第一个劣势。客户总是买假冒伪劣商品不描述为在线商店。此外,我们的麻烦和讨厌的改变当他们不满意我们网上购买。第二个缺点是安全问题。当我们网上购物的时候,我们需要支付商品的电子支付,但黑客入侵我们的电脑和窃取我们的信息,这是对网上购物不安全。