与呼呼呼有关论文参考文献

1 曹召伦,李晓明;医学心理学的新发展[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2002年04期 2 邹颉;;复仇者的同与异:希思克利夫和仇虎——《呼啸山庄》和《原野》中男主人公之比较[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2006年06期 3 王喆;;《呼啸山庄》中窗意象的文化解读[J];安徽农业大学学报(社会科学版);2008年06期 4 张舒予;论伍尔夫与勃朗特的心灵与创作之关联[J];安徽师范大学学报(人文社会科学版);2003年03期 5 刘俊;;爱与恨的复合体——浅析希克厉这一人物形象[J];安徽文学(下半月);2006年09期 6 叶琴;刘爱花;;从阿德勒的人格理论谈心理健康与治疗[J];安徽文学(下半月);2006年09期 7 王华颖;;回归家庭——女性悲哀和幸福的双重所在——对《简爱》结局的新解读[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年01期 8 肖晶;;心理学视角下的凯瑟琳·恩肖形象再议[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年02期 9 唐正;;试分析艾米莉在《呼啸山庄》中的个性体现[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年06期 10 唐正;;试分析《简·爱》中独特的女性主义声音[J];安徽文学(下半月);2009年07期

The Love and Hate in Wuthering HeightsShi Xueping1. IntroductionWuthering Heights, the great novel by Emily Bronte, though not inordinately long is an amalgamation of childhood fantasies, friendship, romance, and revenge. But this story is not a simple story of revenge, it has more profound implications. As Arnold Kettle, the English critic, said," Wuthering Heights is an expression in the imaginative terms of art of the stresses and tensions and conflicts, personal and spiritual, of nineteenth-century capitalist society.” The characters of Wuthering Heights embody the extreme love and extreme hate of the Introduction of the autherEmily Jane Bronte was the most solitary member of a unique, tightly knit, English provincial family. Born in 1818, she shared the parsonage of the town of Haworth, Yorkshire, with her older sister, Charlotte, her brother Branwell, her younger sister, Anne, and her father, the Reverend, Patrick Bronte. All five were poets and writers; all but Branwell would publish at least one was the Bronte children's one relief from the rigors of religion and the bleakness of life in an improverished region; they invented a series of imaginary kingdoms and constructed a whole library of journals stories, pomes, and plays around their inhabitants. Emily's special province was a kingdom she called Gondal, whose romantic heroes and exiles owed much to the poems of stays at several boarding schools were the sum of her experiences outside Haworth until 1842, when she entered a school in Brussels with her sister Charlotte. After a year of study and teaching there, they felt qualified to announce the opening of a school in their own home, but could not attract a single 1845 Charlotte Bronte came across a manuscript volumn of her sister's poems. She knew at once, she later wrote, that they were "not at all like the poetry women generally write... they had a peculiar music-wild, melancholy, and elevating." At her sister's urging, Emily's poems along with Anne's and Charlotte's, were published pseudonymously in 1846. An almost complete silence greeted this volume, but the three sisters, buoyed by the fact of publication, immediately began to write novels. Emily's effort was WUTHERING HEIGHTS; appearing in 1847, it was treated at first as a lesser work by Charlotte, whose JANE EYRE had already been published to great acclaim. Emily Bronte's name did not emerge from behind her pseudonym of Ellis Bell until the second edition of her novel appeared in the meantime, tragedy had struck the Bronte family. In Septermber of 1848 Branwell had succumbed to a life of dissipation. By December, after a brief illness, Emily too was dead; her sister Anne would die the next year. WUTHERING HEIGHTS, Emily's only novel, was just beginning to be understood as the wild and singular work of the Introduction of the storyThe beginning of the story was Mr. Lockwood’s visiting of Wuthering Heights. His amazement of Heathcliff's surliness and curiosity of beautiful Catherine's rudeness urged him to listen to a very strange and frightening love story from Nelly Dean. In the summer of 1771 Mr. Earnshaw brought home an orphan later called Heathcliff he had found in Liverpool. This waif was persecuted by young Hindley, but deeply loved by his daughter Catherine. So there was contradiction between Hindley and Heathcliff since childhood. After the death of their parents and his own marriage, Hindley treated Heathcliff as a servant, but this was relieved by the pleasant times with one of their expeditions they reached Thrushcross Grange where she stayed as the Linton’s guest for several weeks. When she returned to the Wuthering Heights, she was altered a lot: she had been deeply attracted by the dress, luxury of the Lintons, especially the handsome and gentle Edgar Linton. Although she still loved Heathcliff she could not compare Heathcliff’s snobbishness with the gentility of her new friends. Heathcliff was even more badly treated by Hindley after his wife’s death, which increased Heathcliff’s more anger. After overhearing part of Catherine’s conversation with Nelly that she would marry Edgar, Heathcliff could not bear the indignation and degradation and left Wuthering ’s conversation with Nelly was that if Heathcliff could remain, even though all else perished, she should still continue to be. She and Heathcliff belonged to the same kind. But Heathcliff didn’t hear it. So after Heathcliff’s leaving, Catherine was desperately ill and recovered by the care of Linton couple. Three years later Catherine was married to months later, Heathcliff, a different man, appeared. Catherine was so pleased at the news. But out of her surprise Heathcliff took on his two-fold revenge, first on Hindley who had treated him so badly in the past, secondly he threatened Catherine to marry Edgar’s sister Isabella fell in love with Heathcliff and Heathcliff married her out of love, but for the property of Thrush cross Grange. At the same time Catherine locked herself in the room because Edgar refused Heathcliff. The she became delirious from illness and had brain fever. Eventually she recovered but remained delicate. Edgar worried too much about Catherine’s health and Heathcliff and Catherine met again. There was a terrible scene between them. Both of them showed their anger and love to each other which worsened Catherine’s health. Then two hours after her daughter — Cathy’s birth Catherine died. When Heathcliff got the news he was desperately Catherine’s death Isabella returned to Thrushcross Grange after three months with Heathcliff. Hindley died and Heathcliff took Wuthering years later Isabella died, leaving her son Linton to Heathcliff, a weakling boy. Then Edgar Linton and young Linton died and so Heathcliff, Cathy and Hareton, an ill-assorted trio, were left at the Heights; while Thrush Grange was left to Lowood, to whom Nelly told the story ended with the death of Heathcliff and the marriage of Hareton and Cathy. This was two generations’ love story. The first generation’s love was transcendental and the second generation’s love was Introduction of social backgroundIn Viction's period, the rich are enormously proud of their success and property; the secular sense of hierarchy penetrates into the daily life of common people; money and property is nothing but everything. In literature, the smoky, threatening, miserable factory-towns were often represented in religious terms, and compared to hell. The poet William Blake, writing near the turn of the nineteenth century, speaks of England’s “dark Satanic Mills.” Therefore, under the control of this concept, the spirit of human is vehemently suppressed, and the humanity is cruelly twisted and deformed. At this time, Emily who has great rebelling spirit and strong desire of freedom, wrote WUTHERING HEIGHTS, disclosed the evilness of society. The work depicts how humanity was twisted, broken, band destroyed under the hand of violent devastation. But the great death is the steady faith of and yearns for happy life. In the world reined by Heathcliff, the bud of love, coming from Hareton and Cathy, broke through the hard soil of hatred. The betrayal of love brings the twist of humanity but pure love cures the wound, consoles the injured heart, and saves the degenerated soul. Emily shows her positive attitude to the pure love and their destructibility of Theme of the novelWuthering Heights, the creation of Emily Jane Bronte, depicts not a fantasy realm or the depths of hell. Rather, the novel focuses on two main characters' battle with the restrictions of Victorian Society. Social pressures and restrictive cultural confines exile Catherine Earnshaw and Heathcliff from the world and then from each other. Hate can't make love disappear, and love is stronger than . LoveWuthering Heights is a love novel. It has praised human’s moral excellence, has attracted the will of the people’s darkness, unfolding the human with the common custom life and pursueing the fine in the novel is manifested in many Earnshaw's love for HeathcliffForty years ago Wuthering Heights was filled with light, warmth and happiness. , a farmer, lives happily with his boisterous children Catherine and Hindley. However, being a kind and generous fellow, he can’t help rescuing a starving wretch off on the streets of Liverpool, a gypsy child named Heathcliff. In time Heathcliff becomes one member of the family, loved by all except Hindley (who nurtures the feeling of being usurped). Thus it can be concluded that Earnshaw's love for Heathcliff stems from Catherine' love for HeathcliffAs a child, her father was too ill to reprimand the free spirited child, ‘who was too mischievous and wayward for a favorite. (P46). Therefore, Catherine grew up among nature and lacked the sophistication of high society. Catherine removed herself from society and, "had ways with her such as I never saw a child take up before; she put all of us past our patience fifty times and oftener in a day; from the hour she came downstairs till the hour she went to bed, we had not a minute’s security that she wouldn’t be in mischief. Her spirits were always at high-water mark, her tongue always going--singing, laughing, and plaguing everyone who would not do the same. A wild, wicked slip she was--"(P51). Catherine further disregarded social standards and remained friends with Heathcliff despite his degradation by Hindley, her brother. ‘Miss Cathy and he [Heathcliff] were now very thick; ’(P46) and she found her sole enjoyment in his companionship. Catherine grew up beside Heathcliff, ‘They both promised to grow up as rude as savages; the young master [Hindley] being entirely negligent how they behaved, ’(P57). During her formative years Catherine’s conduct did not reflect that of a young Lady, ‘but it was one of their chief amusements to run away to the moors in the morning and remain there all day, (P57). Thus, Catherine’s behavior developed and rejected the ideals of an oppressive, over-bearing society, which in turn created isolation from the institutionalized world. Therefore, Catherine's love for Heathcliff is pure, and Heathcliff's love for Catherine is tinged with danger and Isabella's love for HeathcliffThe first time when Isabella sees Heathcliff, attracted by the charming man, she falls in love with him. No matter how Catherine persuades her, she makes her mind to get married with Heathcliff. Her love for Heathcliff is pure. While, Heathcliff just uses Catherine's sister-in-law Isabella Linton as a weapon, caring not for the poor Catherine's love for EdgarWhen Catherine and Heathcliff exist their private island unchecked until Catherine suffers an injury from the Linton's bulldog. Forced to remain at Thrushcross Grange----the Linton's home, which isolates Catherine from Heathcliff and her former world of reckless freedom. Living amongst the elegance of the Lintons transforms Catherine from a coarse youth into a delicate lady. Her transformation alienates Heathcliff, her soul mate and the love of her life. Catherine fits into society like a square peg trying to fit in a round hole. However, she feels pressure to file her rough edges and marry Edgar Linton. All in all, it is the social pressures and restrictive cultural confines that force Catherine to pretend to fall in love with Edgar. However, Edgar loves Catherine with gracious and transquility.

问题一：word2013怎么插入和引用参考文献 1 输入一段正文：（论文最好通过插入多级列表的方式生成） 注：文档的参考文献上标是教程做完后生成的，而不是输入的时候就有； 2 在文档最后添加引用的文献并编号： 注意：先添加编号再输内容！！！！ ① 打开Word2013文档页面，在“开始”--“段落”中单击“编号”下三角按钮；如下图2-1： 3 ② 在列表中选择符合我们要求的编号类型就能将第一个编号插入到文档中。 ③ 在第一个编号后面输入文本内容，按回车键将自动生成第二个编号；如下图2-2： 4 以同样的方法可以添加多个用到的参考文献； 注意，此时参考文献只是添加并未插入！如下图2-3： 5 插入文献： 1、在正文需要插入参考文献的地方，点击 “插入”―“交叉引用”--- 引用类型“编号项”---选择要插入的文献； 2、点击“插入”后关闭；插入后 3、将正文中的插入文献编号选中，按组合键“ctrl”+“ shift” +“+”将编号变为上标，如下图3所示： 4、按相同方法依次插入多个文献， 附加：引用文献的整理：在正文中插入新引用的参考文献 例如：要求在引用文献【1】和【2】之间的正文中插入新的参考文献（假设参考文献名为：武汉大学电气工程学院）； ⑴在结尾的参考文献中相应位置（由要求知插入在文献【1】和【2】之间）插入此文献，由于设置了编号，原文献【2】以后的参考文献编号会自动更改； ⑵ 在正文中按第三步的办法同样插入新的参考文献【2】；（注意：此时正文中参考文献编号并未自动更改） ⑶先ctrl+S保存下文件，然后ctrl+A选中全文，右键“更新域”（可能需选择“更新整个目录”）； ⑷ 回到正文可发现参考文献编号已经自动更改； 【注】参考文献格式获取： 从中国知网之类的数据库获取参考文献格式的方法：（以参考文献【3】--夏开全.纤维增强树脂基复合材料输电杆塔及其应用进展---为例） 1、进入中国知网数据库，输入查询“纤维增强树脂基复合材料输电杆塔及其应用进展”，选中正确的文献，点击“导出/参考文献” 2、在新窗口选中后点击 “导出/参考文献” 3、点击复制到剪切板，然后到Word中粘贴即可！ 问题二：写论文时，参考文献的引用规范是什么？ 参考文献加标注一般是在引用文字的末尾点击插入引用――脚注和尾注，选择尾注就可以了，参考文献应该属于尾注，在菜单里选“插入---引用----脚注和尾注”，脚注是在文章的某一页下面的注解，而尾注就是在文章最后了，打开后就可以选编码，即角码。可以自己设定类型、格式。双击编码就可以在文章和参考文献间转换。 在英文输入法状态下输入[1],选中[1].按ctrl+shift++号键 把光标放在引用参考文献的地方，在菜单栏上选“插入｜脚注和尾注”，弹出的对话框中选择“尾注”，点击“选项”按钮修改编号格式为 *** 数字，位置为“文档结尾”，确定后Word就在光标的地方插入了参考文献的编号，并自动跳到文档尾部相应编号处请你键入参考文献的说明，在这里按参考文献著录表的格式添加相应文献。参考文献标注要求用中括号把编号括起来，至今我也没找到让Word自动加中括号的方法，需要手动添加中括号。 在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时，在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注，再次引用此文献时点“插入｜交叉引用”，“引用类型”选“尾注”，引用内容为“尾注编号（带格式）”，然后选择相应的文献，插入即可。 不要以为已经搞定了，我们离成功还差一步。论文格式要求参考文献在正文之后，参考文献后还有发表论文情况说明、附录和致谢，而Word的尾注要么在文档的结尾，要么在“节”的结尾，这两种都不符合我们的要求。 解决的方法似乎有点笨拙。首先删除尾注文本中所有的编号（我们不需要它，因为它的格式不对），然后选中所有尾注文本（参考文献说明文本），点“插入｜书签”，命名为“参考文献文本”，添加到书签中。这样就把所有的参考文献文本做成了书签。在正文后新建一页，标题为“参考文献”，并设置好格式。光标移到标题下，选“插入｜交叉引用”，“引用类型”为“书签”，点“参考文献文本”后插入，这样就把参考文献文本复制了一份。选中刚刚插入的文本，按格式要求修改字体字号等，并用项目编号进行自动编号。 到这里，我们离完美还差一点点。打印文档时，尾注页同样会打印出来，而这几页是我们不需要的。当然，可以通过设置打印页码范围的方法不打印最后几页。这里有另外一种方法，如果你想多学一点东西，请接着往下看。选中所有的尾注文本，点“格式｜字体”，改为“隐藏文字”，切换到普通视图，选择“视图｜脚注”，此时所有的尾注出现在窗口的下端，在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”，将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚（包括分隔线），选择“视图｜页眉和页脚”，首先删除文字，然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮，在弹出的对话框上点“边框”，在“页面边框”选项卡，边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“本节”；“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”，删除页码。选择“工具｜选项”，在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字（Word默认）。 参考文献格式： 作者.题名[D].所在城市:保存单位,发布年份. 李琳.住院烧伤患者综合健康状况及其影响因素研究[D].福州:福建医科大学,2009. 其他的： 作者.题名[J].刊名,年,卷(期):起止页码. 沈平,彭湘粤,黎晓静,等.临床路径应用于婴幼儿呼吸道异物手术后的效果[J].中华护理杂志,2012,47(10):930-932. 作者.书名[M]. 版次.出版地: 出版者,出版年:起止页码. 胡雁.护理研究[M].第4版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2012:38. 作者.题名[N].报......>> 问题三：论文后面参考文献在文章中怎么引用 1 、期刊作者．题名〔J〕．刊名，出版年，卷(期)∶起止页码2、 专著作者．书名〔M〕．版本(第一版不著录)．出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码3、 论文集作者．题名〔C〕．编者．论文集名，出版地∶出版者，出版年∶起止页码4 、学位论文作者．题名〔D〕．保存地点．保存单位．年份5 、专利文献题名〔P〕．国别．专利文献种类．专利号．出版日期6、 标准编号．标准名称〔S〕7、 报纸作者．题名〔N〕．报纸名．出版日期(版次)8 、报告作者．题名〔R〕．保存地点．年份9 、电子文献作者．题名〔电子文献及载体类型标识〕．文献出处，日期二、文献类型及其标识1、根据GB3469 规定，各类常用文献标识如下：①期刊〔J〕②专著〔M〕③论文集〔C〕④学位论文〔D〕⑤专利〔P〕⑥标准〔S〕⑦报纸〔N〕⑧技术报告〔R〕2、电子文献载体类型用双字母标识，具体如下：①磁带〔MT〕②磁盘〔DK〕③光盘〔CD〕④联机网络〔OL〕①联机网上数据库〔DB/OL〕②磁带数据库〔DB/MT〕③光盘图书〔M/CD〕④磁盘软件〔CP/DK〕 问题四：论文中引用多个参考文献如何标注？ 看你是什么论文，要发表什么期刊了，不同期刊对参考文献的标注办法有差别的，你可以向58论文网问问，哪个期刊什么论文什么要求，他们都知道。 问题五：word2013怎么插入和引用参考文献 工具/原料 台式电脑/笔记本电脑 Microsoft Office 2007/2010/2013 方法/步骤 在word引用处，进入“引用”项中，点开“脚注”右下角的箭头，然后选择“插入”即可。这时，光标定位到文档结尾处，你能看到一个带虚线框的编号，即参考文献的编号，将该参考文献内容写完。 注意，双击该编号则光标定位到引用处；双击引用处编号则光标定位到参考文献内容处。 因此，推荐一边写论文一边写参考文献。 往后的参考文献引用，只需要直接使用“引用”项中“插入尾注”即可，编号自动，不需调整。 需要注意的是，如果多处引用同一篇参考文献时，不能采用“插入尾注”的方法，采用的是“插入”（或者是“引用”）项中的“交叉引用”。 对于交叉引用的编号，需要人为添加中括号，并设置为上标形式（“shift”+“ctrl”+“=”）。如果有新的参考文献引用插入或删除，需要“更新域”，确保交叉引用的编号也随之修改（尾注编号自动修改）。 当整篇论文写完，参考文献引用也完成后，需要在编号上添加中括号，这将使用“开始”项中的“替换”功能。 对 于尾注，将“^e”替换为“[^&]”（如果是脚注，则将“^f”替换为“[^&]”），但是替换时“不限定格式”要处于灰色状态。替换时，最好将光标定位在文档最前，然后选择“全部替换”。需要注意的是，如果后来有新的参考文献插入引用时，最好是先将光标定位到该插入的引用 前，然后“查找下一处”，最后选择“替换”，切记不要直接“全部替换”！ 参考文献不是论文的最后部分，但尾注只能是节的结尾或者文档的结尾。解决方法是，将文档结尾的参考文献中的所有编号都删除，然后选中这些内容，选择“插 入”项中的“书签”，将其添加到书签中，书签名如“参考文献内容”等。这部分工作推荐放在论文已修改无误后进行。 在文档中新建参考文献的页上，选择“交叉引用”，将之前添加的书签插入，并对这些参考文献进行自动编号。 问题六：参考文献的引用的格式 参考文献及注释 凡有直接引用他人成果（文字、数据、事实以及转述他人的观点）之处的均应列于参考文献中或加以注释，参考文献按文中出现的顺序列出。论文分章节的，每章结束后都应该注明本章参考文献，不分章节的在文后统一注明。注释统一按分页下注的方式进行。 参考文献书写格式应符合GB7714-87《文后参考文献著录规则》。各类引用参考文献条目的编排格式如下： （1）学术期刊文献 ［序号］作者．文献题名[J]．刊名,出版年份,卷号(期号)：起-止页码 （2）学术著作 ［序号］作者．书名[M]．版次(首次免注).翻译者.出版地:出版社, 出版年: 起-止页码 （3）有ISBN号的论文集 ［序号］作者．题名[A].主编．论文集名[C]．出版地：出版社,出版年：起-止页码 （4）学位论文 ［序号］作者．题名[D]．保存地：保存单位,年份 （5）专利文献 ［序号］专利所有者．专利题名[P]．专利国别：专利号,发布日期 （6）技术标准 [序号］标准代号,标准名称[S]．出版地：出版者,出版年 （7）报纸文章 [序号］作者．题名[N]．报纸名,出版日期(版次) （8）报告 ［序号］作者．文献题名[R]．报告地：报告会主办单位,年份 （9）电子文献 ［序号］作者．电子文献题名[文献类型/载体类型]．文献网址或出处,发表或更新日期/引用日期(任选) 问题七：如何用word撰写和引用参考文献 文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文， 它是科学文献的一种。 格式与写法 文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，在根据提纲进行撰写工。 前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。 主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。 总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，对所综述的主题有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的见解。 参考文献虽然放在文末，但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据，而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。因此，应认真对待。参考文献的编排应条目清楚，查找方便，内容准确无误。关于参考文献的使用方法，录著项目及格式与研究论文相同，不再重复。 问题八：参考文献的标准格式？？ 引用别人的毕业论文怎么标注 ？ 参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： M――专著 C――论文集 N――报纸文章 J――期刊文章 D――学位论文 R――报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点： ①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & .； ②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, . The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 C 67. 2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码. 【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）. 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3). [7] French,埂W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33). 4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码. 【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17. [9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Gros *** erg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigi *** [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, . [10] Almarza, . Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teac......>> 问题九：论文参考文献标准格式如何写 50分 参考文献规范格式 一、参考文献的类型 参考文献（即引文出处）的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下： M――专著 C――论文集 N――报纸文章 J――期刊文章 D――学位论文 R――报告 对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。 对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点： ①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & .； ②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。 二、参考文献的格式及举例 1.期刊类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号（期号）：起止页码. 【举例】 [1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58. [2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52. [3] Heider, . The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 C 67. 2.专著类 【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码. 【举例】[4] 葛家澍，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42. [5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45. 3.报纸类 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期（版次）. 【举例】 [6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3). [7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33). 4.论文集 【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码. 【举例】 [8] 伍蠡甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17. [9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Gros *** erg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigi *** [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, . [10] Almarza, . Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teac......>>