汽车类英文论文题目

Guide the future development of the concept of automotive vehicles Summary of high-tech popularization and application makes the pace of replacement automotive products faster and faster, also makes the Chinese automotive industry independent research and development level and technical level with the international on the growing gap in the development of the concept car is even more the difference between the very poor. WTO accession for China car alarm sounded, but also tremendous opportunity, our government, as well as automotive companies must increase their research and automotive design input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design . Keywords concept car designed to develop science, technology and culture Technology start-ups PIONEERINGWITHSCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYMONTHLY The 21st century, in order to lead and performance of the new century, the development of future automotive trends, a number of international auto companies, one after another at the major auto show in the world to launch its own concept car and new car. There is, however, must be caused by a phenomenon we are concerned about: As a car big country, but few Chinese car makers to launch its own development and design concept cars. Are one of the main reasons for China's automotive design concepts and methods, as well as the lack of research and development of concept cars do not pay enough attention. It can be said that a self-designed and self-development capacity of the automobile industry, it is difficult to say that is a complete auto industry. Thus we must intensify the study of automotive design and input, to establish a positive right car design concept, the concept of extensive vehicle design. 1 "concept car" is defined The so-called "concept cars" that have not yet begun to enter the market with a design unique and must advance the awareness of the new models. Its main characteristics are: it must give people are to consider that can guide the new concept cars. It has just the design in general at the time, people's aesthetic ideas, the purchasing power and even the level of motor vehicle manufacturing industry is also unbearable. Generally it will be it avant-garde design, innovative materials, bold use of a more perfect performance, the new car interior design indicates that the direction of development of the automobile industry. Some of the world's largest car company every year to spend many human and material resources to design their own concept car, and in some large auto exposition on display. It can be said that with the continuous introduction of concept cars, the near future may occur on some concept cars have today, some features or functions of the car. But not necessarily a concept car will each eventually evolve into mass production cars to enter the market, the majority of concept cars are finally only a "concept" for people to discuss the matter. 2 concept car, in reality the meaning of concept car design and development of automotive products reflected the development trend of the performance of the highest scientific level and the most sophisticated technology in concept car At the International Motor Show the previous, and the major automotive companies and the introduction of the concept of lot of cars, concept cars to remove these sleek, but also more integrated into a large number of high-tech and modern means of the introduction of the concept car to become Motor Company takes pride in the idea of the concept of automotive research and development are often accompanied by new technologies and the use of new materials with certain forward-looking, herald a new stage of development and the beginning for this reason that car companies the development of the concept car has invested great human and material resources, with its show car the company's strong momentum of development. Various high-tech applications, making car slowly evolved into information, communications, entertainment centers and the exchange of information with the outside world, the computer functions and Internet all-round involvement, in-car information and entertainment equipment, advanced navigation equipment, real-time traffic information function of the growing popularity of the inevitable demand of these high-tech automotive designers transcend time and space to establish a new value system, the emergence of various new technologies for the automotive design freely given to a wider space. Function of motor vehicles for further expansion and development of the concept car, the car gradually from the cold machinery into human information exchange platform, if the concept car has its own way of expressing their emotions with pregnant, anger, sadness and joy, such as facial expression make the concept car than in high volume production cars, become a new symbol of time. Concept Car Design of automotive products have greater and greater impact, it represents the development direction of the automobile industry and the basic idea of the automobile company design standards and a symbol of scientific and technological level. human physiological needs and psychological needs of the largest Satisfied --- Automotive Engineering in the Ergonomics Ergonomics are 50 in the early 20th century with the rapid development of a new subject with the aim of research, design and engineering technology to solve the relationship between the human body. Car body design in ergonomics, it is to people (drivers and passengers) as the center, from the body's physiology, psychology, and exercise the human body, the research body design, layout and equipment in terms of how to adapt to people need to create a manipulation convenient, safe, reliable, beautiful and comfortable driving environment and take the environment, that is the best person to design a - vehicle - environment system. Automotive Design Human-Computer analysis of the first ministries to human size required for measurement, statistics and analysis, conducting interior layout design as a basis to determine the effective space vehicle, as well as parts, assemblies (seats, dashboard , steering wheel, etc.) position and dimensions of the relationship between layout. Through the study of human physiological structure, so that the seat design in full compliance with the requirements of human comfort. Based on the manipulation of human manipulation of the scope and power to determine the layout of the manipulator position and force size, so that when the human body to manipulate natural, rapid, accurate and lightweight, so as to reduce the degree of manipulation of fatigue. Through the visual characteristics of the human eye, the effect of vision research, testing, checking driver information system, to ensure that drivers have access to proper driving information. Exercise in accordance with the characteristics of the human body to study the automobile collision on the human body, a reasonable protection, the right to determine the hinged point seat belts and binding on the human body to study the vibration of the impact on ride comfort, research on and get off at the convenience of passengers, and door openings in order to determine location and size. According to the body's physiological requirements, reasonable certainty that the air-conditioning system and layout. Research on the psychological characteristics and requirements, to design a comfortable, beautiful, relaxed by the environment. virtual product development technology At present, a growing number of automotive design companies and manufacturing companies to start using virtual product development technology, using three-dimensional virtual reality 3D technology development concept car. Opel car using 3D virtual reality technology concept car design and development. Designers can experience floating in the air of a virtual image of car design and manufacturing, saving considerable development costs, and plans to be extended to its North American assembly plant to 14. Britain's Rolls-Royce, Renault, France, Germany Audi, as well as Italy, Sweden and other auto plants are actively engaged in this virtual design and manufacturing. Over the past automotive research and development centers to develop new or modified are first shaped body sludge physical model, is extremely time-consuming modifications. Now automotive R & D, in particular the development of concept cars are increasingly seeking the shortest development time. If the introduction of virtual product development technologies, as long as the computer input data to construct a model figure model, in the laboratory can show an ideal vehicle images, as long as the engineers wear eyepiece, you can see clearly, there is such as a car in front of us true, after all the discussion of design engineers modifications, you can quickly design an ideal new car. Stereotypes, the computer can use the data, outsourcing trial and trial fitted the new parts and components, assembly achieve zero error, and the development of aging more rapidly than in the past. the concept of green environment-friendly vehicles to the development trend of Since entering the 21st century, countries around the world have been produced about billion vehicles, according to expert estimates that in 2010 global vehicle production will reach 75 million. People sigh at the rapid development of automobile industry, but also an increasing awareness of pollution from motor vehicles to harm human beings, so many countries of the vehicle to develop environmental protection measures and regulations to protect the environment for human survival, so automotive environmental protection the design of this new concept car design to be placed in a prominent position on the essential. Improve energy efficiency, improved engine configurations, including electronically controlled fuel injection system, secondary air injection, thermal reactor, exhaust gas recirculation system, catalytic purification device, crankcase ventilation systems, fuel evaporation control system. The development of alternative fuels, research and development of new environmentally-friendly energy, including natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, fast charging batteries, hybrid power, hydrogen fuel. In the automotive manufacturing process, use of green materials, green packaging, green manufacturing processes and equipment and equipment green. Green car recycling manufacturers. Concept car indicates road traffic in the evolution of human behavior Concept foretells the future of the way road traffic trends Along with the development of automobile, the vehicle status is also slowly change, now car in people's minds as a symbol, a symbol of wealth and the embodiment of a status, but the car as a way of the nature of road traffic has overlooked. Concept car design is based on the nature of a car's innovative design predictability. Concept car at the design of the way through the daily life of mankind, human beings in road traffic in the use of methods such as behavior and ways of life all aspects of prediction and analysis, it is envisaged to solve the future in the way road traffic between the object harmonious factors. Strong and high-speed in today's technology enables the development of means of transport have a much broader space for development, more and more high-tech continuously applied at a new car. At present many of the world's major auto companies have realized that the development of the next car is no longer the biggest obstacles are technical limitations, but limits the designers thinking. Now appearing in major auto show concept cars are generally two types: one is based on the latest available technology can achieve another kind of concept cars are those who put forward some innovative technology options but is still in the research phase of the concept car. Able to express their feelings such as car, truck can random shell replacement car, be able to easily change the driving mode of motor vehicles, be able to swim in the water of the amphibious vehicle, able to fly in space vehicles, be able to change cars. Like from Toyota and Sony jointly developed by "POD" cars, will be able to through the car before the lights, mirrors, antenna, as well as the rear seat to the car owners to express their "feelings." Like Volkswagen's Seat International Auto Show in the United States on the introduction of multi-functional concept car "Sal? Juancheng sa", there are sports, comfort and three kinds of urban-type driving mode selection for you. Concept of culture differences in performance The United States as a world leader in the auto industry, concept cars at the manufacturing are on the forefront in the world. At the United States because of cultural blending, collision, so the concept car embodies the greater the diversity of cultures; are also caused by a highly developed country commercial, commercial design and pragmatism prevailed, so the design is set up at a deep aesthetic Ethics on the real and solve practical problems. With the American cars are in sharp contrast to the Japanese concept cars. Japan as the world's output of the second car big country, its concept car many practical and imagination, technology is better than art, more concerned about solving technical problems, it can be said in Japan This is the premise of the concept of car design, each model is to solve one kinds of technical problems developed. The Japanese car model to maintain a small, simple, style characteristics of the economy and harmonious relations between man-machine deal with the Japanese are reflected as a delicate oriental thinking and compromise approach to solve the problem. The United States put the design of commercial operation as an important aspect, Japan put out of Products Designed to accelerate as a tool, Germany put Designed as a social and cultural foundation, while the French took the design as a designer of stage performance. From various countries so the concept of car design in different styles, we can see different countries, different concepts, as well as their different cultural backgrounds design. 3 Concluding remarks The future of automotive design as the development of the inevitable progress of Automotive Technology with each passing day, many of the artistic style of the designer will make it even more widely and more strongly reflected in the car design, and give people a wider choice. Under high-tech, and personality of the car more humane 21st century will be the necessity of the development of the automobile industry, because it is consistent with human culture, the pursuit of individuality and needs. Therefore, the increase in automobile design concept of the attention and input, will be the development of China's automobile industry has played a great role in pushing forward. References 1尹定邦. Introduction to Study Design [M]. Hunan: Hunan Science and Technology Press, 1999 2张洪欣. Auto Design [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 1997 3 Tang Jia-Ti, Han Xiao Jian had denitrification. --- Product conceptual design theory, methods and techniques [M]. Beijing: Mechanical Industry Press, 2002

(英语系毕业论文)国际商务谈判及其谈判风格摘要自从中国加入世界贸易组织后，国际贸易比以往任何时候都变的更加频繁。所以商务谈判技巧将会是对国际贸易很重要的工具。一次成功的交易需要几个谈判过程，第一阶段是谈判者为谈判做准备，执行最初的方法。然后，有纪律有组织的谈判计划对一个团队的成功很重要。最后，必须考虑实际的谈判行为。尤其是在国际商务谈判中，进出口贸易的支付方式和工具很重要。没有钱就无所谓交易，我们追求的是各自的利益。最流行和最安全的支付方式是惯用的不可取消的即期信用证。在国际商务谈判的过程中，我们必须熟悉不同的谈判风格。我们要了解八个主要国家的谈判风格：美国谈判风格，德国谈判风格，法国谈判风格，英国 谈判风格，俄罗斯谈判风格，日本谈判风格，澳大利亚谈判风格，中国谈判风格。来自不同国家的不同的有不同的价值观，习惯和态度。和不同的人用不同的策略对于谈判的成功很有必要。关键词： 国际商务谈判 谈判者 谈判的风格 不同文化 下决定AbstractSince china's entrance into the WTO, international business became more frequent than ever before. Then business negotiation skills will be an important tool for the foreign trade. A successful business needs several negotiation processes; the first one is a period during which the negotiator must prepare for the negotiation, and execute the initial approach, and then the negotiation plan provides discipline and organization that can be critical to a team’s success. At last the actual conduct of the negotiation must be considered. Especially in international business negotiations, methods and tools of payment in exporting and importing are important. No money, no deal. What we pursuit is money. The most popular and a safer method of payment is by a confirmed irrevocable little of credit at sight. There are other ways of the process of the international business negotiation we should be familiar with different negotiating styles. We have eight main countries negotiating styles: American negotiating style, German negotiating styles, French negotiating styles, British negotiating styles, Russian negotiating styles, Japanese negotiating styles, Australian negotiating styles, Chinese negotiating styles. Different people from different countries have different values, habits, and attitude. Using appropriate strategies with different people would be necessary for a successful : international business negotiations; negotiator; negotiating stylesdifferent cultures; make decisions CONTENTSAbstract in Chinese………………………………….….……….....iAbstract in English ………………………………..………………ii1 Introduction to Negotiations…………………………………… Impressive Behavior……………………………………………… Punctually………………………………………………………… Appearance………………………………………………………… Enthusiasm ………………………………………………………… Teamwork………………………………………………………… Respect………………………………………………………………22 Negotiation Process 1…………………………………………… Forming the negotiation Team……………………………………3Negotiation Process 2…………………………………………… Creating the information base…………………………………… Creditability Study………………………………………………42. 4 Feasibility Study…………………………………………………… The Negotiating Brief………………………………………………52. 6 The Negotiating Plan………………………………………………53 Negotiation Process 3…………………………………………… The Opening and Its Review……………………………………… The Follow Up …………………………………………………… Identifying the Bargain…………………………………………… Concluding the Bargain…………………………………………… How to negotiation …………………………………………… Negotiation Tips…………………………………………………… Methods and Tools of Payment in Exporting and Importing…...115 Different Negotiation Styles of Different Cultures………….... Negotiation Style…………………………………… German Negotiating Style………………………………………… French Negotiating Style………………………………………… British Negotiating Style………………………………………… Russian Negotiation Style………………………………………… Japanese Negotiation Style ……………………………………… Australian Negotiating Style……………………………………… Chinese Negotiating Style…………………………………………18(英语系毕业论文)在经济全球化下中西方文化差异与跨文化管理摘 要伴随着世界经济的快速增长,跨国公司的飞速发展, 全球商业活动的猛烈激增，同时伴随着在文化多样化环境下的相关管理问题的出现，跨国公司的人员必须与来自不同文化背景的人打交道，这种文化差异时而会造成误解和冲突,甚至会阻碍进一步的商务合作。本论文目的在于引起人们对商业中跨文化问题重要性的重视。该文的论点是文化差异确实存在于商业与管理领域中，特别是东西方国家的文化差异，并且在商业活动中起到了重要作用。它在很大程度上影响到商业进程和公司的日常管理。通过细心地观察和总结，我们会发现在跨文化管理中起到辨证作用的某些规律性的模式和规则。一方面，文化差异是一种障碍，另一方面，在跨文化环境下，只有很好地掌握文化差异才有可能使其成为商务沟通和管理的桥梁。著名人类学家, 霍夫斯泰德所提出的理论贯穿全文,基于其中几个模型我们分析了上述主题。文化差异表现在很多方面，通过比较的方式，不同国家的文化差异特征显而易见，同时我们还了解到每一种文化差异都有其理论根源。伴随着中国加入 WTO，在这种特殊挑战的巨大压力下，越来越多的商务和管理问题出现了，跨国公司的经理们不得不面临这种特殊的挑战。在最后部分，本文基于中国的传统文化，分析了当今中国企业管理的现状与特征，并提出了建议性的未来发展方式。关键词： 文化差异； 管理； 沟通； 商业环境； 跨国公司ABSTRACTWith the swift growth of world’s economy, the rapid development of the transnational corporation and the increasing business activities in a global scale, together with the related management in a culturally diversified environment, people in transnational corporation have to deal with those from different cultural background, which may cause the misunderstanding, sometimes even conflict or may hinder the further cooperation in the thesis is aiming at drawing people’s attention to the importance of the cross-cultural problems in business. The argument of my paper is that the cultural differences, especially the disparity between the eastern and western countries, really exist and furthermore play an important role in doing business. It will greatly influence the advancement of our business and the daily run of a company. Our careful observation and summarizing being done, we could find some regular pattern and rules which have dialectical functions in cross-cultural management. Cultural difference will not only be, on the one hand, an obstacle, but will serve as a bridge in the business communication and management in cross-cultural environment on the other hand if it would be better theories advanced by a famous anthropologist, Hofstede, are running through my thesis that has closely analyzed the subject based on several aspects. Through comparison, the features of cultural differences are obviously seen. So is the root of the cultural difference in each China’s entry into WTO, increasing problems have to be dealt with in business and management, which are under severe pressure from the special challenges that all the managers in the transnational corporations have to face. Finally, the thesis analyses the condition and character of today’s enterprise management in China on the base of the Chinese traditional culture and suggests some approaches to further Words: Cultural Difference; Management; Communication; Business Environment; Transnational Corporation Contents1 The globalization of business 12 Culture theory and its function in business communication and management The definition and nature of culture Level of culture National culture Business culture Occupational culture and organizational culture 43 The introduction of mainstream culture theories and their application in business dimension Hofstede’s Model of National Culture applied in business area Power distance Uncertainty avoidance Individualism/ Collectivism Masculinity/ Femininity Long-term and short-term orientation Kluckhohm’s Model of value Orientations used in business area Human nature Relationship with nature Time Being/ Doing 104 Cultural Differences and its performance in other countries Cultural Differences and Their Roots From business point of view to see the Cultural differences in Sino-Western countries Doing business in China Doing business in America and France Doing business in Arab countries 155 Cross- culture management and Management in other countries and Management in China China’s background information Managerial behavior in China Implications for managers 19Conclusion 21Bibliography 22(英语系毕业论文)文化差异在中美雇员协作中的问题分析摘 要全球经济一体化背景下，各国企业交流日益紧密，企业在经营管理活动中不可避免地会遇到由文化差异而引起的雇员协作问题，正确处理文化差异带来的文化冲突具有积极的现实意义。因此本文就联想并购IBM的PC与笔记本电脑部门为引，探讨了中西文化的差异性。本文首先简要介绍霍夫斯泰德的价值维度和霍尔的高语境和低语境取向理论；再由联想并购IBM的PC事件，提出中美雇员协作中所遇到的文化冲突方面的问题；然后比较中美文化差异，分析中美雇员协作冲突的原因；最后对不同文化背景下团队成员协作过程中的问题，从掌握文化差异、多文化培训和进行文化整合建立共同价值观三方面给出具体对策及解决途径。本文建议当处理由不同背景文化而引起的协作冲突时，要以尊重不同文化，认识文化差异，以及寻求有效的跨文化培训为基本。关键词：中美文化； 雇员； 协作； 差异； 文化培训 AbstractWith global economic integration, companies from different countries are involved in increasingly close interchange and, unavoidably, run into the problem of culture difference in the corporation of employees and properly handling the culture collide is of positive practical significance. In order to resolve the problems of the cooperation between the Chinese and American Employees, this paper expounds the cultural theories of Hofstede’s value Dimensions and Hall’s High/Low-Context Orientation at firstly. Then it describes Lenovo Acquire IBM’s PC Division as a particular case, and points out the problems between American and Chinese employees when they corporate in the same workplace. Through the analysis of the cause of the differences between Chinese and American cultures, it explores the reasons of the coworker interactions. Based on the concrete analysis of different cultural background, it gives correct guidance to culture conflict, so as to achieve culture harmonization and integration. The result shows that it requires cultivating common corporate values, seeking common ground and reserving differences, expanding communication channels and conducting cross-cultural the end, the author suggests that it is very important for people from different cultures to respect another culture, to realize the cultural difference, and to find effective intercultural training programs for the cross-cultural words：American & Chinese culture; employees; cooperation; differences; intercultural training programsContentsIntroduction…………………………………………………………11. Rationale for the Study……………………………………………11. 1 Hofstede’s value Dimensions……………………………………11. 2 Hall’s High-Context and Low-Context Orientation…………42. Introduction of Lenovo’s Acquisition of IBM’s PC Division…52. 1 Lenovo and IBM………………………………………………52. 1. 1 Lenovo………………………………………………………52. 1. 2 IBM…………………………………………………………62. 1. 3 The new Lenovo——Acquisition of IBM’s PC Division……62. 2 The Problems for Employees in the New Lenovo……………72. 2. 1 Differences in Team-work value………………………………72. 2. 2 The relationship between employer and employees……………82. 2. 3 Differences in verbal style……………………………………83. Reasons for the Problems among Employees…………………93. 1 Chinese Culture and American Culture………………………93. 1. 1 Chinese Culture………………………………………………93. 1. 2 American Culture……………………………………………103. 2 Analysis in Details………………………………………………103. 2. 1 Harmonious Relationship versus Individualism………………113. 2. 2 Power versus Equality………………………………………133. 2. 3 Implicit versus Explicit Communication ……………………134. Solutions for the Problems among Employees ………144. 1 Manage Cultural Differences on Threes Distinct Levels……144. 2 Intercultural Training…………………………………………154. 2. 1 The Emergence of Intercultural Training Programs…………154. 2. 2 Object for Cultural Training…………………………………154. 2. 3 Culture Skills and Training Techniques………………………164. 3 Cultural Integration and value Building……………………174. 3. 1 Cultural Integration…………………………………………174. 3. 2 value Building………………………………………………17Conclusions and Suggestions……………………………………17Bibliography…………………………………………………………19

前段时间刚好有个朋友写了个论文 题目就是电子技术在汽车中的应用 可以联XI我

Uses the SCR post-processing technology to reduce the vehicle to discharge with the diesel engine By diesel car's energy conservation and environmental protection superiority