员工忠诚度论文的文献

这个素自己去年写毕业论文用到的一段哈，要原文就上原文了The different dimensions of loyalty The first problem in studying loyalty in human organizations is that there seems to be no generally accepted definition of this concept. Often, loyalty is taken to mean remaining in an organization for a long time. But some studies have shown how it can have many different dimensions. Cole (2000), for instance, interviewed David L. Sturn, President of the Loyalty Institute, an arm of Chicago-based Aon Consulting, about a study undertaken by that organization interviewing the employees of more that 200 of its corporate clients. According to that study, what characterizes a “committed” employee is that (1) he is a team player; (2) willing to make sacrifices for the good of the company; (3) believes in the company’s products; (4) will recommend the company as among the best places to work, and (5) is prepared to stay in the company for the next several years, even if offered a modest pay increase elsewhere (Cole, 2000). Obviously, the first four characteristics of a committed employee go well beyond the fifth one, which is the only one related with remaining in the organization; and, still qualifying the fact of remaining in the organization by rejecting a change with a “modest” pay increase elsewhere. Powers (2000) offers an interesting set of indicators of loyalty:– Remaining with the company; not leaving, not job hunting– Staying late to complete a project– Keeping the company’s business confidential; no whistle-blowing– Promoting the company to customers and community– Adhering to rules without close supervision– Sacrificing personal goals to achieve company’s goals– No gossiping, lying, cheating or stealing– Buying company’s products– Contribution to company-sponsored charities– Offering improvement suggestions– Participating in company’s extracurricular activities– Following orders– Taking care of company property and not being wasteful– Working safely– Not abusing leave policies; including sick leave– Helping coworkers; cooperating Again, remaining with the company is a symptom of loyalty, but only a symptom. And a symptom is an indication, a noisy signal. A headache may be a symptom of a malignant brain tumor or a symptom of poor eyesight. The remaining indicators are also noisy signals, which go along with the basic intuitive concept of loyalty. In summary, both in the Cole and Powers articles, the basic idea is that an employee is committed, or loyal, to an organization when he holds two kinds of beliefs: (1) believes that what the organization is doing “is worth the while”, ., feels that the products of the company are really solving some type of human need; and (2) feels that the people he works with (superiors, subordinates, or at the same level) are people he can work with, and, therefore, is willing to cooperate with them, is willing to have initiatives, and be a team player. It is interesting to point out though, that in these analyses, loyalty and commitment are viewed as very positive for the organization and (possibly) for the individual. On the opposite side, some researchers have noticed some negative characteristics of loyalty and commitment. Randall (1987), for instance, signals as disadvantages of a strong commitment to an organization: (a) for the individual, that it may stymie individual growth and limit opportunities for mobility, as well as stifle creativity and innovation, and (b) for the organization, that it may blindly devote the individuals to their employers, and therefore perhaps waste their time and talents in jobs they don’t like, making it a situation that is unprofitable both for the individual and for the organization. Essentially then, the unfavorable consequences of loyalty are reduced to the possible loss of efficiency that is obtained if an individual is used where he shouldn’t be, which harms both the individual and the organization, but much more the former than the latter, and has to do with a misallocation of resources that is rather an error in judgement than a mistake arising from loyalty itself. Josep M. Rosanas and Manuel Velilla. Loyalty and Trust as the Ethical Bases of Organizations.[D]Journal of Business Ethics , 2003(1): 29~44.

要] 企业员工忠诚度是反映一个企业人力资源管理水平的重要指标，也是制约企业健康发展的一个重要因素，如何培养和提升员工忠诚度，加强员工忠诚度的管理，是每一个企业必须面对的课题。 [关键词] 员工忠诚 企业文化 员工忠诚分为两种类型：主动忠诚和被动忠诚。主动忠诚是指员工在主观上有强烈的忠诚于企业的愿望，这种状态是一种主动的状态，是一种高水平的忠诚。被动忠诚是指员工本身不愿意长期在该企业工作，然而由于一些客观上的约束因素，导致其不得不继续留在该企业。因此，企业需要培养与提升的是员工的主动忠诚度。本文提到的忠诚均指的是主动忠诚。 一、员工忠诚对现代企业的重要意义 1.员工忠诚决定了员工的工作绩效。员工是企业的基本成分，他们的热情代表企业的士气,他们的工作自觉性于潜移默化中体现企业的实力。员工忠诚将大大激发员工的主观能动性和创造力,使员工潜在能力得到充分发挥。忠诚是效率，员工的忠诚度提高与客户满意度的提高存在着促进的作用。企业每名员工的忠诚度提高了，企业竞争实力也就得到了提升。 2.员工忠诚增强企业的核心竞争力。在所有的资源中，人力资源是最具活力的资源，科学地使用人力资源能帮助组织赢得竞争优势，企业员工的创造性思维和劳动是企业发展的根本驱动力。组织的创新能力最终体现在员工的创新能力，但是这种能力的发挥还取决于员工的忠诚度。 3.员工忠诚减少组织的人员置换成本。当员工的忠诚度降低时，就会对其为之服务的企业不满，甚至选择离开，从而引起员工流失。而企业为了填补员工离职的空白，又将重新招募、培训新的员工，这期间还要冒着可能的生产率降低、新进员工无法胜任工作的风险,这样就会形成置换和交替成本。 二、影响员工忠诚度的因素 笔者认为造成员工忠诚度下降的原因主要有三个方面: