标题正常字体就可了,不用符号,书名开头大写,且用斜体
英文中有多种学术的文字规格,我比较习惯APA,但是以下的大部分通用。个人的总结,不一定百分百全面,请包涵。斜体: 1. 书名或者电影名字,英文中基本不用书名号,例如《傲慢与偏见》应被写为 Pride and Prejudice 。2. 科研周刊的名字,例如新英格兰医学杂志应当写为 The New England Journal of Medicine 。3. 论文中写关于尺度,例如 ranged from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent)。4. 非英文的特殊用语(座右铭之类的),例如耶鲁大学的拉丁文座右铭应被写为 Lux et veritas。5. 有些时候作者会特殊强调一个单词,通常在文章中开头第一次出现时会打斜体,之后就不要斜体。
单引号: 单引号英文中比较少用,一般是因为要在一个双引句中再次引用。例如 John said, "Jane asked 'how are you?'" 注意,无论单双引号,句尾的标点符号要在引号内。
双引号: 英文中直接引用的内容由双引号标注。包括从书本/新闻/网站/论文中引用内容,如果直接拷贝粘贴就必须用双引号。例如 "Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe" (Wikipedia, .). 但是如果你用自己的话重新叙述,就不用双引,但是还是要标注内容来源。双引号也用于对话的直接引用,但是英文中不是用冒号,而是逗号。
首字母大写: 1. 名字,无论姓氏还是名字或者前后缀,每个开头都要大写,例如 Mr. John Adam Smith IV。2. 地名,国家名,语言,宗教名,星球名,任何特殊名或者独有名。3. “我”(英文:I)这个名词无论什么时候用都是大写。4. 法律文件中标注,例如 John Smith (the Plaintiff),这里Plaintiff是作为有代表意义的所以首字母大写。5. 所有的周和月都要首字母大写,例如Monday 和 June。6. 每句话的开头都要首字母大写。7. 作文的题目和章节题目每个单词都要首字母大写。注意,英文中有些单词除了在每句话的开头要大写外,很少被大写,包括 a, an, on, of, and, the。例如 University of Oxford 中的 of 是不用首字母大写的。再例如作文开头写简介和背景章节题目 Introduction and Background, 这里 and 也是全部小写。再例如作文名字是 Reflection on Socialized Medicine and the Public Model of Care,这里on, and, the, of 这几个单词都不要首字母大写。
不需要用斜体。我看过那么多论文也没见题目用斜体了。参考文献,也就写书名,作者,时间,哪一页(你选择的内容)。
1、参考文献顶格,书名要用斜体字,然后作者的名字,出版时间,出版社的地区,出版社的名字。各个单位之间用逗号搁开。 2、其实写论文的时候导师就会告诉了,有的要求也不一样。而且还会反复修改SampleBibliographyAmerican English Rhetoric(书名斜体), Bander, Robert G.(作者名字),1971(出版时间), New York(出版地), Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc.(出版社)往下类推。
书名 用斜体,文章名可以不用
外文文献——用印刷体书写 英文书名、杂志名用斜体。 就这样,具体参看学校教务处网站中对论文格式的要求
外文文献——用印刷体书写英文书名、杂志名用斜体。就这样,具体参看学校教务处网站中对论文格式的要求参考文献:本回答由小文代发,请先看老君老师个人中心再提问.
第1级:置中大小写标题(Centered Uppercase and Lowercase Heading)
第2级:置中、斜体、大小写标题(Centered, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Heading)
第3级:靠左对齐、斜体、大小写标题(Flush Left, Italicized, Uppercase and Lowercase Side Heading)
第4级:缩排、斜体、小写标题,最后加句号(Indented, italicized, lowercase paragraph heading ending with a period)
第5级:置中大写标题(CENTERED UPPERCASE HEADING)以下是参考文献中的一些用法。
扩展资料
文献引用
文献引用是在一篇文章的段落或文字之中“参考来源”的标注。APA格式使用哈佛大学文章引用格式,通常来说,一个引用包含了作者名和发表日期,以括号夹注(有时会再加上页数),放在引用文字或句子之后。
详细的引用或参考资料则放在位于文章最后的“参考文献”或“Works Cited”部分。APA格式明确的定义“参考文献”只放入文章内容引用的来源,所以有些文章才会有“参考文献(Reference)”和“Bibliography”的分别。
外文文献——用印刷体书写 英文书名、杂志名用斜体。 就这样,具体参看学校教务处网站中对论文格式的要求
英文中有多种学术的文字规格,我比较习惯APA,但是以下的大部分通用。个人的总结,不一定百分百全面,请包涵。斜体: 1. 书名或者电影名字,英文中基本不用书名号,例如《傲慢与偏见》应被写为 Pride and Prejudice 。2. 科研周刊的名字,例如新英格兰医学杂志应当写为 The New England Journal of Medicine 。3. 论文中写关于尺度,例如 ranged from 1 (poor) to 5 (excellent)。4. 非英文的特殊用语(座右铭之类的),例如耶鲁大学的拉丁文座右铭应被写为 Lux et veritas。5. 有些时候作者会特殊强调一个单词,通常在文章中开头第一次出现时会打斜体,之后就不要斜体。
单引号: 单引号英文中比较少用,一般是因为要在一个双引句中再次引用。例如 John said, "Jane asked 'how are you?'" 注意,无论单双引号,句尾的标点符号要在引号内。
双引号: 英文中直接引用的内容由双引号标注。包括从书本/新闻/网站/论文中引用内容,如果直接拷贝粘贴就必须用双引号。例如 "Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe" (Wikipedia, .). 但是如果你用自己的话重新叙述,就不用双引,但是还是要标注内容来源。双引号也用于对话的直接引用,但是英文中不是用冒号,而是逗号。
首字母大写: 1. 名字,无论姓氏还是名字或者前后缀,每个开头都要大写,例如 Mr. John Adam Smith IV。2. 地名,国家名,语言,宗教名,星球名,任何特殊名或者独有名。3. “我”(英文:I)这个名词无论什么时候用都是大写。4. 法律文件中标注,例如 John Smith (the Plaintiff),这里Plaintiff是作为有代表意义的所以首字母大写。5. 所有的周和月都要首字母大写,例如Monday 和 June。6. 每句话的开头都要首字母大写。7. 作文的题目和章节题目每个单词都要首字母大写。注意,英文中有些单词除了在每句话的开头要大写外,很少被大写,包括 a, an, on, of, and, the。例如 University of Oxford 中的 of 是不用首字母大写的。再例如作文开头写简介和背景章节题目 Introduction and Background, 这里 and 也是全部小写。再例如作文名字是 Reflection on Socialized Medicine and the Public Model of Care,这里on, and, the, of 这几个单词都不要首字母大写。
不用引号,一般用斜体就OK了。
百度搜索期刊云,论坛里面有关于论文写作方面的格式,你说的提到的说明除了参考文献外,正文的字体所有文字都是一个格式的,有兴趣可以详细的去了解一下。
也是用斜体 或在期刊名字下面加横线
英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以,因为斜体有时候看着不整齐,译文中文需要加上书名号,书名第一次出现,需要括号加注原英文名(人名也这样处理)。
强烈推荐Joy高斋翻译CATTI和MTI分享:
希望对你有用。
必备|标点符号如何翻译?(附使用规则)
比如2016年11月英语三级笔译实务试题原文:Harper Lee was an ordinary woman as stunned as anybody by the extraordinary success of “To Kill a Mockingbird.”
书名号
里面的双引号。“To Kill a Mockingbird”,英文中的书名通常是斜体或加引号表示或者大写就可以,因为斜体有时候看着不整齐,译文中文需要加上书名号,书名第一次出现,需要括号加注原英文名(人名也这样处理)。
还比如14年11月CATTI二级笔译英译汉真题原文:WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region around this Belgian city is busily preparing to commemorate the 200th anniversary in 2015 of one of the major battles in European military history.
里面的逗号和破折号。WATERLOO, Belgium比利时滑铁卢:这里考察英语地名从小到大,而且加个逗号,汉语里面是从大到小,不加逗号,比如Shanghai, China翻译为中国上海。这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,可是我今天看了大家提交的译文,基本都这样写的:
WATERLOO, Belgium --- The region 比利时滑铁卢——:破折号的用法和翻译,这是CATTI英译汉高频翻译细节,经常用在文章或报道的开头,引出事件发生的背景(地点)。翻译的时候保持破折号即可。
:Colon(冒号)
1.引出表示列举、解释或说明性的词语,翻译的时候保持:
The string section consists of four instruments: violin, viola cello, and bass. /His grades are a follows: English, an A; History. a B: Science, a D: and Math, a C.
2.引出对前文进行补充、总结或强调的词语,翻译的时候保持:
Judges have a double duty;They must protect the innocent and punish the guilty/ He has only one pleasure: eating.
3.引出较长的正式引语或大段引语,翻译的时候是:或者,
In his most famous speech he said: All men are created equal and must enjoy equally the rights that are inalienably theirs.
4.用于信件或演说词中的称呼语之后(英国用法中多用逗号),翻译的时候保持:
Dear Sir: /Dear Professor Jones: /Ladies and Gentlemen:
5.用于公函、政府文件或商业函件的标题或标目之后,翻译的时候保持:
TO. /SUBJECT: /REFERENCE: /VIA:
6.用于时与分之间(英国法中多用句号)、比率数之间、《圣经》的章与节之间,翻译的时候保持:
The train is to leave at 8: 30. /Common nouns outnumber proper nouns in proportion 32. /You will find it in Genesis 2: 4-7.
7.分隔书名的标题与副标题,翻译的时候保持:或者破折号
NOStromo: A Tale of the Seaboard
, Comma(逗号)
1.分隔并列成分
We are tired, hungry and dilate. /Washington was said to be first in war, first in peace, and first in the hearts of his countrymen. /We were taught how to sit gracefully, how to walk. how to converse politely.
2.分隔并列句中的分句
It snowed all night, and the schools were closed the next day. / We must leave now, or we will miss the plane. / I tried to sleep, but my neighbour's dog made that impossible. /It is an imperfect system,yet it is better than none.
3.分隔对比或对照成分
He is sick, not drunk. /The more haste, the less speed.
4.分隔非限定性修饰语、同位语或附加说明的词语
He found the Paper on the roof, where the newsboy had thrown it. The the who had cared through the window, went straight to the safe. /They want us, you and me, to go there. /I have to get up early, particularly on Sundays.
5.分隔附加疑问句或选择疑问句
Tom didn't take it, did he? / Which pencil do you prefer. the red one or the blue one?
6.分隔直接引语和导语
Only a fool. "Sherman said, " would carry on like that.
7.表示省略相同词语
Some went to the right; others, to the left.
8. 分隔句首状语
Usually, he is dressed in blue jeans. / Except for physics, my courses are not difficult. /When he found that his parents had deserted him, he sat down to cry.
9,常用以分隔用作独立成分、状语等的下列词语
Honestly, that's all the money I have. /Personally, I prefer the other one. /Unfortunately, they were out when I called. /To tell you the truth, I was very frightened
1) actually, basically, briefly fortunately,frankly, honestly, hopefully, incidentally,luckily, naturally, personally, unfortunately, to tell the truth
2) anyhow, anyway, besides, consequent,furthermore, however, likewise, moreover, nevertheless, otherwise, therefore;
3)first(ly), second(ly ), last(ly), finally,first of all. after all, above all, in other words, for example, for instance, that is,namely, ., e. g.
4)in short, in fact, in conclusion, in a few words, as a result, as a matter of fact, on the contrary, on the other hand;
5) of course, by the way, sure enough, between you and me, believe it or not;
6)I think, I believe, I suppose, you know,you see, In my opinion;
7)yes, no, well, oh
Anyhow, even if the problem does arise, it wont affect us. /I don’t want to go; besides, I’m too tired. /This is, however, another side to this problem.
This is our most disastrous and embarrassing defeat eve: in short, a fiasco. /I don’t like him, in fact,I hate him. /On the contrary, it hardly ever rains.
It's strange, you know, that he hasn’t passed the exam. /In my opinion, he is right.
Yes, times have changed. /Well, not much can be done about it now. /Oh, David, come here a moment! /Oh no, not again!
10.分隔日期、数字、地点
Firstly, let me deal with the most important difficulty. /The cinema is only open to adults, i. e.,people over 18.
June 12, 1991/It was on Friday, May 16, in Los Angeles. /The price of this sedan car is $12,300./He lives at 1515 Halsted , Illinois.
11.分隔人名与职称、头衔或倒置姓名
I asked my boss for a month's holiday and, believe it or not, he agreed! /By the way, have you seen Tom recently?
12.分隔呼语
R W. Leeds, M. D. /George Washington, President/Smith, John W., Jr.
I would like to ask you, Mr. Jones, for your opinion. /Will you see if the door is closed, Janet? /Sir,I'd like to ask a question.
13.用于信件的称呼语之后(美国用法中多用冒号)或结束语之后
Dear Mary, /Sincerely yours, /Yours truly,
“ ”Quotation Mark(引号)
1.用于直接引语
注意下列句子中其他标点符号与引号的相对位置:
1)逗号、句号位于引号内(这是美国用法,英国用法多置于引号外)
2)不属于引语的问号、感叹号或破折号位于引号之外
3)在引语内再用引语时,可用单引号(这是美国用法,在英国用法中,单引号在外,双引号在内)
4)引语不止一段时,引号位于各段起始处和最后一段结尾处
Michael said, "Let's meet at my house next time. "/"No, you cant, "she wrote. "It's impossible.
on January 1, 1863, Lincoln declared the slaves "forever free. "/The word"bread, for example, has both standard and slang meanings.
Why did she say "That is a very selfish attitude"?
The witness said, "I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be late, and then heard the door closed. " /The witness said, I distinctly heard him say, Don’t be then heard the door closed.’
Frequently used signs and symbols are in the back of this dictionary. Many are found on typewriters.
Symbols include the chemical elements... The chemical elements are also grouped together in the back of this dictionary. "
2.用于引述文章、文艺作品、歌曲、广播及电视节目、绘画等
Have you read the article"Shanghai Shows Its Colors"in the January Time? /"Ode to a Nightingale " was written by Keats. /American national anthem is"The Star-spangled Banner. " /YOAS Amencan Mosaic”/ Da Vinci’s“ Mona Lisa "
3.用于引述俚语、反语、借用语、定义、词形等
Her brother"socked her in the eye and" beaned "her with a ruler. /Bob's skiing"vacation"consisted of three weeks with his leg in a cast. / The basic meaning of dumb in both British and American English is“ unable to speak.”/ How do you spell the word" eclectic”?
;Semicolon(分号)
一般说来,分号的作用介于句号与逗号之间,即用分号隔开的两部分之间的关系,比用句号分开的紧密,但不及用逗号分开的紧密。
1.用于并列分句之间
People make history: unusual people make history interesting. /Your car is new; mine is six years old. /I came, I saw I conquered. /it's too late to go for a walk now; besides, it's beginning to rain. /We finally found the gate; however, it had been locked.
2.分隔已有逗号的并列成分,以避免歧义
Follow this procedure: first, get your application forms; next, fill them out; last, pay the charge.
The sun, a bright yellow ball, shone; the children, happy as always, played.
3.用于由 for example, for instance, namely,that is( to say), in fact,i.e.,e.g等词语引出的分句之前
Many of their talents complemented each other; for example, he played the piano and she sang./Tom is well-liked: in fact. he is the most popular person in the class./He chose to invest in major industries: i. e, steel, automobiles, and oil.
— Dash(破折号)
1.用在一个解释性的分句或句子前面:
It's an environmental issue. — That's not a small matter.
这是个环境保护的问题,这不是一件小事。
2.用在一个解释性的插入语的前面和后面(相当于一个括号):
During my vacation—I must have been insane—I decided I would ski.
假期中,我准是疯了,我决定去滑雪。
3.用在一个引用的句子前面(代替一个冒号,或与分号一起用):
Uncle Wang laughingly answered—"No, no; stay where you are."
大叔笑着回答道“不用了,不用了,你就呆到那。”
4.表示意思的突然转折:
"And may I ask—"said Xiao Wu;" but I guess it's better for you to ask him about it."
“我可以问——”小吴说;“不过我想还是你问他的好。”
5.表示迟疑犹豫:
"I—I—I rather think —maybe—Amy has taken it."
“我——我——我想——或许——是艾米拿了。”
6.总括前面列举的若干东西:
News house, larger schools, more sheep, more pigs and chickens, more horses and donkeys—everywhere here shows signs of prosperity.
新房子,扩建的学校,更多的羊、猪、鸡,更多的马和驴,这里的一切显示出一片繁荣景象。
Italicization斜体字的使用
1.书籍、报刊、文章、诗歌、乐曲、电影、绘画等的名称
Dickens' Oliver Twist /The English-Chinese Dictionary/Readers Digest /The New York Times
Milton's Paradise Lost/Mozart's The Marriage of Figaro/ The Sound of Music /Van Gogh’s Starry
Night
2.交通工具、航天器等专名
Air Force One/Apollo/Challenger
3.作为例示的词、字母或数字
The word receive is often misspelled. /The b in comb is silent
4,表示强调的词语
She never expected such a welcome. /woman's place was in the home; it certainly isn’t today.
5.表示未归化的外来词语
In aeternum[L]/ fille[F]
6.动物学和植物学中表示属、种、亚种及变种的拉丁语新学名
The horse (Equus caballus )has affected the course of history more than any other animal. /The mistletoe (Phoradendron flavescens )is the state flower of Oklahoma.
7.法庭案例名称中的原被告姓名
Madison v. Kingley/the Jones case
8.剧本中的舞台提示
ROBERT: Ah yes, of course. Sit down, sit down, please, Mrs. Ross. [She sits as if this made matters rather worse.]
PHILIP: (Standing guard by her side. )My wife is a little agitated.
取自陆谷孙英译汉大词典
引用硕士或博士学位论文参考文献的格式规范是使用英文标点.
[序号] 学位论文作者.题名〔D〕.保存地点:保存单位,年份.
如:[3]张筑生. 微分半动力系统的不变集[D]. 北京:北京大学数学系数学研究所,1983.
参考文献格式:
[序号] 专著作者.书名[M].版次(第一版可略).出版地:出版社,出版年∶起止页码.
[序号] 论文集作者.题名〔C〕.编者.论文集名.出版地∶出版社,出版年∶起止页码.
对于英文参考文献,还应注意以下两点:①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则,具体格式是: 姓,名字的首字母. 如: Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为:Cowley, .,如果有两位作者,第一位作者方式不变,&之后第二位作者名字的首字母放在前面,姓放在后面,如:Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为:Norris, F. & .;②书名、报刊名使用斜体字,如:Mastering English Literature,English Weekly。
外文文献——用印刷体书写 英文书名、杂志名用斜体。 就这样,具体参看学校教务处网站中对论文格式的要求
百度搜索期刊云,论坛里面有关于论文写作方面的格式,你说的提到的说明除了参考文献外,正文的字体所有文字都是一个格式的,有兴趣可以详细的去了解一下。
外文文献——用印刷体书写英文书名、杂志名用斜体。就这样,具体参看学校教务处网站中对论文格式的要求参考文献:本回答由小文代发,请先看老君老师个人中心再提问.