最好不要用汉语回答，那样也许不会给通过了。尽量全面熟悉毕业论文的内容和细节，充分做好英语回答的准备。
你厚着脸皮给你的老师打电话吧，没事的，挨骂就挨骂啦。其实很简单啦，你按照要求写，最主要格式合格就没事啦。还有别抄人家的啊，要不你就是找死。你肯定没问题的，放心吧。
其实，不论是报考的什么专业，只要你报考的是自学考试本科，都是需要写毕业论文的。自然，报考了武汉自考英语本科的同学，也是避免不了自考论文的写作的。那么关于论文写作，大致的流程格式又是如何呢？自考毕业必须要写毕业论文，英语专业则需要室友英文撰写毕业论文，一般为英美文学、语言学、语法、词汇、实际教学应用几个方面来写。自考论文写作报考后主考院校会组织论文写作指导和分配导师，按照论文要求先是自己写，写好后导师会指导你的论文，提出修改意见，你进行修改，修改后再次由导师指导，进行二次修改，由导师确定后，之后就基本完成论文了。自考论文需要与主考院校联系写作和指导事项，可以通过邮箱与老师联系修改，答辩是必须本人参加的，首先要与主考院校老师取得联系看主考院校的安排。自考毕业论文格式一般为：(1)论文标题(2)作者姓名(3)内容摘要(中英文各一次)(4)关键词(5)自考论文正文(绪论、本论、结论)6)参考文献(大致为你的自考毕业论文主要借鉴了哪些文章)也就是说，所有的自学考试本科生要想申请毕业，都是要写自考论文并且参与论文答辩的，武汉自考英语本科生要想申请毕业亦是如此，虽然自考英语专业的论文写作是有一定难度，但是同学们只要按照学校的要求流程，在网上多搜集一些相关素材，再加上本人的理解，想必也是能写出一份不错的毕业论文的。
自考论文答辩一般没有太大问题都能过的，答辩场景有三个老师在场并排而坐，包括帮你的论文指导老师，你坐他们对面，他们会从你的毕业论文中随机抽问三个左右的问题，你按照要求回答就行。毕业论文不一定都用英文些，主要看你开题时选择的论文研究方向是什么。比如英汉商标对英美文化的影响、英语习语与西方文化、浅谈英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵。口语考核有对话和朗读或翻译的形式。其实很简单，在我认识的人中没有不通过的，因为是自考的答辩，你要出钱，一般都会最少给你60分通过。祝你成功。
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
把你QQ给我吧，我把自己的给你！虽然没有读过这部小说，改但可以关键信息嘛！
留个邮箱我发给你或者直接去怪人网上下载我的答辩PPT就是在怪人网上下载的怪人网上有很多不错的毕业答辩PPT模板自己需要哪个下哪个关键是不要钱
英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文
时间过得真快，大学生活即将结束，毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
Thats all. Thank you.
论文答辩须知 自学考试英语专业(本科)毕业论文撰写与答辩须知(修改稿) 一、 申报资格 凡英语专业本科段考生完成规定的全部课程或尚有一门课程未合格者均可报名申请撰写毕业论文。 二、 申报时间 每年举行两次答辩：5月、10月各一次。参加5 月份答辩的考生须在头一年的9月1日―20日（周一~周五工作日）完成报名手续。参加10月份答辩的考生须在当年3月1日―20日（周一~周五工作日）完成报名手续。考生可随时向我办索取“答辩须知”及“撰写规范”。也可在川外自考办的网站上查询。 三、报名手续及方式 报名时须提交本人身份证、准考证、本科段各科合格证书及专科毕业证书等四证复印件，证件复印用A4纸，且证件不许颠倒复印。报名时须提交用A4纸（论文稿均使用A4纸）打印好的中、英文提纲各一份（同封面一并装订，注明姓名联系电话等相关信息）。可直接报名或信函报名（写明详细通讯地址、白天能联系上的电话及邮编）。合格者予以报名。并须交纳报名费、资料费、考核（答辩）费、审定费共计400元，函报者另需在网上下载一份“资格审查表”（）填写后随其它报考材料一同邮寄到川外自考办。凡需邮寄论文稿者，另交50元邮寄费。（答辩结束结算，函报者在汇款单上须注明“申请撰写毕业论文”,汇款请寄川外自考办梁晓东老师收）。凡不能提交提纲者，不予报名。 四、答辩时间及手续 答辩时间原则上安排在每年5月、10月的第三周双休日进行。考生必须在规定的报到时间持身份证、准考证、各科成绩合格证、毕业证书等四证原件到我办报到，进行最后一次资格审查并抽签（答辩顺序）。审查未合格者不予参加论文答辩，不退费。 五、完成论文程序 1． 申请者按《撰写规范》中第三项“选题范围”规定，及早选好论文题目并写出较为详细的论文提纲（中英文各一份，须打印并自留底稿，另附封面）在规定时间内交我办。 2． 我办收到提纲后，将根据论文涉及的专业方向为考生确定指导教师、定期给考生反馈指导教师的书面意见并将指导教师的姓名、通迅地址及电话号码告知考生。考生可电话联系接受指导。电话联系由考生主动通话（请考生不要在午休时间打搅教师！）。 3． 考生根据指导教师的意见修改、完善提纲并完成论文初稿，或根据指导教师意见重新确定论文题目。凡必须更改论文题目的.考生须重新完成上述1、开始的论文程序。 4． 修改后的论文提纲、初稿的提交时间由我办视具体情况注明在考生的稿件上。在提交初稿时须加上中文封面（注明论文题目、导师及本人姓名、撰写时间）。 5． 参加5月份、10月份答辩的考生须分别在寒（2月）、暑假（七月）前完成论文撰写，并分别于3月20日~4月5日、8月20日~9月5日将打印好的修改后的中、英文提纲、论文正稿各一式四份装订成册，准时交到我办。（外地考生需邮寄论文稿到自考办，可提前寄出提交） 六、要求及说明 1、 论文用英文撰写，前言不少于1000词，论文总长度（含前言、正文和结论三部分）为4000词。论文应思想健康。 2、 凡提交的论文提纲、初稿均请交A4纸稿（需自己备份）。一律不收传真稿、电子邮件。 3、 指导教师不负责提供参考书目及有关资料的借阅。 4、 凡提纲经导师三次修改后仍不能达到要求者，延至下次答辩，退费200元并重新办理第二次申报手续。 5、 答辩成绩可按当次答辩通知的时间打咨询电话或者网站上查询。
毕业论文要用英文写，答辩也要用英语回答，答辩当然是你先宣读论文，然后主考官就会用英语问你你的论文方面的问题，你用英语回答就是了；
1、学员必须在论文答辩会举行之前半个月，将经过指导老师审定并签署过意见的毕业论文一式三份连同提纲、草稿等交给答辩委员会，答辩委员会的主答辩老师在仔细研读毕业论文的基础上，拟出要提问的问题，然后举行答辩会。
2、在答辩会上，先让学员用15分钟左右的时间概述论文的标题以及 选择该论题的原因，较详细地介绍论文的主要论点、论据和写作体会。
3、主答辩老师提问。主答辩老师一般提三个问题。老师提问完后，有的学校规定，可以让学生 独立准备15—20分钟后，再来当场回答，可以是对话式的，也可以是主答辩老师一次性提出三个问题，学员在听清楚记下来后，按顺序逐一作出回答。根据学员回答的具体情况，主答辩老师和其他答辩老师随时可以有适当的插问。
4、学员逐一回答完所有问题后退场，答辩委员会集体根据论文质量和答辩情况，商定通过还是不通过，并拟定成绩和评语。
5、召回学员，由主答辩老师当面向学员就论文和答辩过程中的情况加以小结，肯定其优点和长处，指出其错误或不足之处，并加以必要的补充和指点，同时当面向学员宣布通过或不通过。至于论文的成绩，一般不当场宣布。
高等教育自学考试（Self-taught higher education examinations），简称自考，1981年经国务院批准创立，是对自学者进行的以学历考试为主的高等教育国家考试，是个人自学、社会助学和国家考试相结合的高等教育形式，是我国社会主义高等教育体系的重要组成部分。是通过国家考试促进广泛的个人自学和社会助学活动，贯彻宪法鼓励自学成才的有关规定，造就和选拔德才兼备的专门人才，提高全民族的思想道德素质和科学文化素质，以适应社会主义现代化建设的需要。
经过系统的学习后，通过毕业论文答辩、学位英语考核达到规定成绩，符合学位申请条件的，可申请授予成人学士学位，并可继续攻读硕士学位和博士学位。
1、应该要考试的课程你全部考试合格通过之后，你就可以申请做毕业论文； 2、你是英语专业，所以毕业论文要用英文写，答辩也要用英语回答，答辩当然是你先宣读论文，然后主考官就会用英语问你你的论文方面的问题，你用英语回答就是了； 3、难吗？说难也不难，你都写好了论文了，他们还能你多少别的东西，所以要有信心！
论文答辩自述英文
在个人成长的多个环节中，大家都经常接触到论文吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的`能力。那么问题来了，到底应如何写一篇优秀的论文呢？以下是我帮大家整理的论文答辩自述英文，欢迎大家分享。
Good morning, professors and everyone. I come from JMU College. I am XXX and my supervisor is prof XXX. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, I have finished my paper.
The title of my paper is An Analysis of Ahab’s Personality Tragedy in Moby Dick. I choose this title as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this work as this is one of the texts in our American literature course . Last but not least , Moby-Dick is widely recognized as the summit not only of Melville’s art but of American nineteenth-centry fiction.
The purpose of this essay is to study Captain Ahab,the role in Moby-Dick, whose leg was bitten by the white whale in his process of the whaling. After losing his leg, he determined to revenge Moby Dick and tried to kill it. In order to revenge, Ahab ultimately dooms the crew of the Pequod (save for Ishmael) to death by his obsession with Moby Dick. By taking the comprehensive analysis perspective of Moby-Dick, this thesis will point out that the main characteristics of Ahab.
This paper consists of three parts. Part one presents an introduction to the Social Background and the life of the Author Herman Melvillehe ,Part two presents The Main Characteristics of Ahab. there are three aspects have been divided to analyze his characters: his monomania , his selfishness, and his individualism. Part three presents The Consequences of Ahabs Personality Tragedy.
OK, thats all. Thank you !
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. (或Welcome to attend the oral defense.) ：
I am Zhao Jing. Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor Zhong Ming, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this thesis.
The title of my paper is The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea
The whole thesis consists of 3 parts. The first part will give brief introductions on the background which contains the social and cultural aspects and the introduction to the author of the masterpiece. In The second part is going to have a brief
introduction of the old man and the sea and analyze the masculine spirits in the old man and the sea such as the faith optimistic and the wisdom of the hero. In the third part, it is the natural conclusion and the deep consideration.
I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this novel as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times. Last but not the least, I’m deeply appreciated to the masculine spirit and hope I can get and practice it in my future. For the above facts, I select the subject of The Masculine Spirit of The Old Man and the Sea as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this novel we can know more about the author Hemingway and his honorable masculine spirit. “A man can be destroyed but not be defeated.” Such kind of spirit can
help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
That’s you!
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, its show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any correction.
The topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Angela Carter (1940-1992) is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomens writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation”. The year 2014 represents the 22” anniversary of Angela Carters death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carters works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve into.
With the emergence of western womens movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though womens social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carters most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and propositions.
Next, is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five parts.
Chapter one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the thesis.
Chapter two presents a broad picture of Angela Carters life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the future.
Chapter three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carters life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to womens freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual relationship.
Chapter four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carters demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two genders.
Chapter five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further study.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文
时间过得真快，大学生活即将结束，毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
Thats all. Thank you.
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
楼上的可以帮你
你厚着脸皮给你的老师打电话吧，没事的，挨骂就挨骂啦。其实很简单啦，你按照要求写，最主要格式合格就没事啦。还有别抄人家的啊，要不你就是找死。你肯定没问题的，放心吧。
霍桑与都德小说叙事伦理的比较【摘要】霍桑与都德是19世纪同受宗教文化影响并试图为解决资本主义道德危机而寻找某种伦理可能态的异国作家。相比之下都德更倾向于以博爱与大善作为故事叙述的基本伦理支撑,参考14世纪的城邦文明对伦理的幸福内涵作出设想。霍桑则受困于清教主义关于人性恶的悲观论调,着意于善恶有报的道德反思。显恶与惩恶的主题安排同时彰显了其小说叙事应坚守的道德底线,反映了现代人们的伦理期待。【关键词】霍桑;都德;小说;叙事伦理;伦理期待Abstract:In the 19t h century Hawthorne and Daudet were affected by religious culture who should discuss t he value of ethics under t he background of capitalistic moral crisis in t heir fictions. Daudet inclined to t he et hic narration in his early works on caritas and goodness, imagined a ideal world referring to t he ancient civilization in t he 14t h century. In comparison with Daudet, Hawthorne was puzzled by the puritanical pessimistic opinions, showed us moral standards and the ethical expectation of t he modern people rethinking on t he wages of words: Hawthorne; Daudet; fiction; narrative ethics; ethical expectation.相对而言理性伦理指的是普遍的道德伦理,它探究一般的道德法则和人应遵循的基本道德观念。叙事伦理则是“通过叙述某一个人的生命经历触摸生命感觉的个体法则和人的生命应遵循的道德原则的例外情形,某种价值观念的生命感觉在叙事中呈现为独特的个人命运”[1]。它是理性伦理在文本中的具体表现,主要探究伦理的可能性形态。亚里士多德曾主张正义、友爱和怜悯的道德分析应建立在现实的个体行为基础上,而文本中的叙事伦理展开则有赖于作者的创作品质。19世纪的西方文学以宗教设计的理想世界作为作品中伦理叙述的参考,人们企图借助宗教信仰为现实环境中的伦理理解寻找支撑。不过宗教不同于伦理,宗教的价值判断、道德批评是建立在人对上帝的信仰基础上,而伦理则是建立在人们用理性对现实生活的反思的基础上。宗教之所以具有伦理色彩,是因为宗教教义具有某种社会效应,与伦理的终极目标不谋而合。宗教的介入使得作品中的伦理分析建立在一个更为复杂的文化背景之下。霍桑与都德是生活于同一世纪前后仅相差三十余年且兼有浪漫与现实主义品质的异国作家,善以信仰的视角对资本主义社会的道德水平与伦理现状作出评判。普法战争之前法国作家都德(1840-1897)一直往返于南方故土和巴黎之间,为普罗旺斯淳朴的民风与虔诚的天主教文化所感染,博爱与大善是他作品叙述的基本伦理支撑,在温馨淡泊的生命感受中萌发出济世主义的宗教情怀。正如他在长篇《小东西》与短篇小说集《磨坊书简》中所说“,世界上只有一种幸福,那就是替别人谋幸福”[2],而刻板偏激的仇恨不过是“弱者的愤怒”[3]。都德选取的故事题材或来自生活或源于民间传说,表现了现代社会人们的情感诉求和价值取向。小说中的人物一般具有虔诚、宽容与慈爱的精神品质,担负起与人为善的道德责任。他甚至赋予了故事人物以上帝的形象特征,并遵循了人心向善的基本伦理法则来叙述人物的生命感觉:爱与被爱。美国作家霍桑(1804-1864)却背负着人类的罪恶遗产,把各种社会问题置于自己种族及民族的以往历史之中加以观察,以作品中的道德寓意作为实现忏悔与保持秘密的最优方式[4]。《红字》写青年牧师丁梅斯代尔与已婚少妇海斯特的不伦之情以及由此而带来的灵修苦旅,违背风俗民约与宗教戒律的海斯特被判示众并终身佩戴“红字”。波士顿的政教要人作为通奸罪的审判者引导众人残忍地完成了对海斯特的精神围剿。新英格兰人似乎一夜之间变得正直了,人们为追求殖民地的良风优序而鄙弃“A”字以标示自己的清白与善良;清教徒则展开人类原罪的联想,借助上帝的形象力量让灵魂卑劣之人接受惩诫。与《红字》一样《,七角楼》的故事也是发生在北美新英格兰地区。小说通过讲述平琼与莫尔的家族世仇来揭示“祖宗犯罪,殃及子孙,因果报应,古今皆然”的主题[5]。平琼上校利用手中权势捏造莫须有的罪名,把平民莫尔当巫师处死,从而霸占了莫尔家的土地并建造了豪华的七角楼,然而此后的几代人都在莫尔的血咒中得到报应。在善恶对比中霍桑较之于都德更善于挖掘人性中极为阴暗的一面,并在伦理与信仰之间找到一个交集、形成一种同构关系。都德早期的主要作品(长篇《小东西》《达拉斯贡的达达兰》与短篇小说集《磨坊书简》)具有浪漫主义色彩,表现了南法国人的生活哲学与性格特征[6],奉献与宽容同时成就了小说人物的精神高度,就像书中朴实乐施的封维依村民、虔诚无私的牧师以及孱弱本善的哥哥。都德的小说里没有宏阔的背景介绍与曲折的情节安排,只有细节的真实,人物呈现出其生活中的原型态。霍桑的《红字》则凸显了17世纪新英格兰人的精神临界点,违背公规俗约的主人公是罪人也是受害者,波士顿上层的一次道德秀同时造成了另一场道德灾难———无辜的珠儿被视为恶魔的后代与母亲海斯特一起被社会所孤立。同样《七角楼》以恶报恶,莫尔家族的一员马修木匠利用催眠术羞辱善良无辜的艾丽斯。小说中冗长的议论与心理评述似乎掩盖了其情节铺开的艺术性,人物在道德悖谬的怪圈里诠释了人性的虚伪与丑陋。虽然出生于地道的清教世家,霍桑却并没有成为一名清教徒,然而矛盾的清教思想影响又使得他在认同人性恶的同时对清教徒的狭隘和偏激充满怀疑和厌恶[7],清教信仰终究不可能为波士顿的社会良序竖起屏障。都德没有霍桑那么坎坷复杂的身世背景与宗教的消极影响,对人生中世俗的规范与是非标准有时甚至不免有点超然(柳鸣九先生语)。伦理不仅与个体心性气质相关,也离不开时代、民族的价值偏爱、精神气质或体验结构[8]。霍桑与都德都生活在社会急剧变化的时代,当时的法国资产阶级政权还不够巩固,虽然商业经济发展迅速却党派斗争频仍;美国在资产阶级革命之后南部农奴制度严重阻碍了资本主义发展对国内统一市场的需求,内战的阴霾笼罩着北美上空。特殊的时代背景为众多的文学作品提供了多维度的叙述空间,而工业革命则无疑是19世纪西方文学浪漫伤怀最直接的源头。早期的南方之旅对都德充满着诱惑与启迪,于1866年开始创作的《磨坊书简》正是一本传承古风、具有某种道德寓意的佳作,代表了资本主义时代人们对民俗公约社会的价值认可与精神眷念。“达达兰”系列(1872-1890)则集中反映了社会转型时期普罗旺斯小人物的无奈与不安。达达兰本是达拉斯贡的地主却为平庸的生活所困扰,幻想成为锄强扶弱的英雄却常常留人笑柄。达达兰的不合时宜之处就在于他以古骑士的精神视阈去认识现时代的社会人情,结果处处碰壁。在都德早期的作品中理想的抒写成分多于批判,就是后期创作于1873年的《繁星》与1884年的长篇《萨福》依旧能显示作者对人性向善所抱有的信心。出身于小业主家庭的他对社会问题的认识明显不及左拉、巴尔扎克等人那么深刻、尖锐,也不如霍桑那么充满理性的思辨色彩。霍桑也以熟悉的家乡文化为背景,并善于将个体的伦理困境放大至社会问题的层面并带来悲剧性的审美效果。《红字》有两组交错发展的矛盾冲突,即主人公的罪行为与宗教教规;人类罪性与现有的社会伦理秩序。书中的每一个人都有罪,都是社会良序的威胁,而引导形成新英格兰殖民时期最高道德法则的人恰是“最坏的罪人”。亲情伦常与社会公序是霍桑作品常常涉及并深入探讨的一对伦理范畴,在《七角楼》里,上校倚强凌弱挑战人心向善的道德常态,夺财害命并结下世仇平琼法官为掠夺家财无视手足亲情、残害长辈。《拉帕西尼的女儿》是一个有关科学与自然、理性与亲情关系的著名短篇,药物学家拉帕西尼为了科研不惜以女儿为实验对象并害及无辜,对功利与实用的追求使人们已经丧失了人的正常德性,小说影射了在财富集中过程中美国现代资本主义的病态道德观。与都德田园牧歌式的叙述方式不同,霍桑的小说有着厚重的社会内容与强烈的批判倾向,他对社会问题的认识处在了一个宗教与哲学的理性层面,作品中探讨了人与人之间复杂的社会关系。霍桑不满清教徒的虚伪偏激以及人们围绕阶级、尊严和地位所展开的冷酷争斗,他采用曲笔与象征的形式,为现代人的心理剖析寻找历史的叙述本源[9]。宗教同为二人提供了一个思想的前提与伦理批评的参考对象,所不同的是都德感受到的是源自故土的生命暖意,霍桑却无法回避清教的刻骨之伤。相比于都德早期作品的伦理叙述,霍桑的《七角楼》可谓是大爱与大恨的结合,一百多年前结下的家族仇恨终于在两家最年轻的一代霍尔格雷渥与菲比的爱情中划上句号。大团圆的故事结局显示了霍桑对向善主题的认同,并让人联想到《红字》所掩藏的伦理意图,诚实与本善最终使牧师和医生的灵魂得以复苏,前者能坦然面对“红字”,后者把自己的财产赠给了与他并无血缘关系的珠儿。其实霍桑也并非完全的悲观主义者,他相信“人类的一切进步都是围绕着一个圆进行的”,是“螺旋上升”的。《红字》与《七角楼》寓言式的结尾正说明叙事伦理作为文本伦理所具有的现实意义,这与《磨坊书简》所蕴含的伦理表达有相似之处。不过人们对现实的伦理期待反映于作品中,有时也会造成一定的逻辑错位,因为产生于隐含作者、叙述者、人物以及读者之间的个体生命感觉作为叙事伦理的生成,是重新描摹人的道德的可能性,寻求在不确定的人生可能性中可能生活得幸福的条件[10]。霍桑视真诚为人性完善的美德,试图为抵御19世纪美国资产阶级的道德侵蚀而寻找信仰的支持的做法,显然缺乏足够的现实条件;都德对幸福乐土的渴望也最终为现实主义的批判写法所代替。都德早期的创作意在扬善,在接受自然主义与现实主义文学思想影响之前,都德以温婉的人道主义视角对资本主义上升阶段法国社会的道德现象作出评判,而这种评判是以14世纪农业社会的城邦文明(见《磨坊书简·教皇的骡子》)作为参考。作品中暗含作者关于人类生存状态的理想描叙:人们免于战争和饥荒的困扰,没有仇恨,并忠实于自己的信仰,在爱与善的基本道德法则下幸福地生活。可事实上因为物欲横流、信仰迷失,19世纪的西方宗教已成为一个徒具仪式的名词,面对人心不古的社会现实,都德更倾向于表达对爱和善的伦理期待。霍桑的作品侧重于显恶与惩恶的道德批判,他借鉴英国维多利亚时代具有哥特式文风的现实主义写法,关注“人的心灵”以及“深层次的个体心理”[11]。作品中恶恶相报的情节彰显了小说叙事应坚守的道德底线,即剥夺他人生命也是一种“罪”[12]。霍桑小说的道德终点仍是扬善,从菲比身上作者相信“人类之间的同情心与吸引力比我们想象的要微妙得多,普遍得多;它们不但存在于不同种类的生命机体中,也在不同种类间传播”[5]。【参考文献】[1]刘小枫.沉重的肉身———现代性伦理的叙事纬语[M].上海:上海人民出版社,. [2](法)都德.小东西[M].姜依群译.桂林:漓江出版社,. [3](法)都德.磨坊书简[M].郝运译.南京:译林出版社,.[4](美)罗伯特·斯皮勒.美国文学的周期[M].王长荣译.上海:上海外语教育出版社,. [5](美)霍桑.七角楼[M].贾文浩,贾文渊译.南京:译林出版社,. [6]阳根华.都德早期小说创作风格的地域性[J].成都大学学报(教育科学版),2008,(3):104-106. [7]刘丽霞.认同与怀疑的交织———论《红字》的清教观[J].外国文学研究,2003,(2):53-55. [8]伍茂国.叙事伦理:伦理批评新道路[J].浙江学刊,2004,(5):123-129. [9]方文开.从《带七个尖角阁的房子》看霍桑的文化政治策略[J].外国文学研究,2008,(1):70-74. [10]祝亚峰.王安忆小说的叙事伦理[J].海南师范大学学报(社会科学版),2007,(3):52-56. [11]葛红.霍桑的小说创作与罗曼司体裁观念[J].聊城大学学报(社会科学版),2004,(4):24-26
论文答辩是考自考时必考的科目，不管你考什么专业都必须考论文，其实论文一点也不难。比如你考的英语专业，你可以选择一个关于英语方面的题目写一篇论文，格式到时你报名的时候就给你了，你按照那个格式写就行。一般毕业论文不是什么时候都可以申请的，他一般都是你必须考过10门以上才可以申请的，这个报名是要去当地的自考办报名的。拿着你以前考过的成绩单，那的老师就会帮你报名，然后你在去主考院校去拿题目。交报名费500元，这个500元里就包括导师的辅导费了，到时主考院校的老师就会给你你的导师的电话你在和你的导师沟通就可以了。自考的毕业论文申请每年只有2次，12月份和5月份这两次可以申请毕业论文。