As fuels, oil and electricity have meaningfully different characteristics OIL shaped the 20th century. In war, the French leader Georges Clemenceau said, petroleum was “as vital as blood”. In peace the oil business dominated stock markets, bankrolled despots and propped up the economies of entire countries. But the 21st century will see oil’s influence wane. Cheap natural gas, renewable energy, electric vehicles and coordinated efforts to tackle global warming together mean that the power source of choice will be electricity. That is welcome. The electricity era will diminish the clout of the $2trn oil trade, reduce the choke points that have made oil a source of global tension, put energy production into local hands and make power more accessible to the poor. It will also make the world cleaner and safer—reassuringly dull, even. The trouble is getting from here to there. Not just oil producers, but everyone else, too, may find the transition perilous . bankroll: to supply money for ( a business, project, person, etc.) despot: a ruler who has total power and who often uses that power in cruel and unfair ways perilous: full of danger: dangerous 石油早就了20世纪，在战争年代，石油就像血液一样重要；在和平年代，它掌控着经济命脉... Oil and electricity are a study in contrasts (see our special report). Oil is a wonder fuel, packed with more energy by weight than coal and by volume than natural gas (both still the main sources of electricity). It is easy to ship, store and turn into myriad refined products, from petrol to plastics to pharmaceuticals. But it is found only in specific places favoured by geology. Its production is concentrated in a few hands, and its oligopolistic suppliers—from the Seven Sisters to OPEC and Russia—have consistently attempted to drip-feed it on to the market to keep prices and cartelisation make oil prone to crises and the governments of oil-rich states prone to corruption and abuse. 石油有很多的优点，很容易运输，储存和合成其他产品... from petrol to plastics to pharmaceuticals 记住这个表达 但石油只产在某几个国家与地区，就让这些国家形成了垄断... Different kettles of fuel Electricity is less user-friendly than oil. It is hard to store, it loses its oomph when shipped over long distances, and its transmission and distribution require hands-on regulation. But in every other way, it promises a more peaceful world. Electricity is hard to monopolise because it can be produced from numerous sources of fuel, from natural gas and nuclear to wind, solar, hydro and biomass . The more these replace coal and oil as fuel for generation, the cleaner it promises to be. Given the right weather conditions, it is abundant geographically, too. Anyone can produce electricity—fromgreener-than-thou Germans to energy-poor Kenyans. oomph: power or energy ( his argument lacks oomph; the truck doesn't have the oomph to haul the boat) 电力能源虽然不如石油方便，但是却不会被某几个国家垄断，很多方法可以产生电力能源：风力，太阳能，氢能等 True, the technologies used to produce electricity from renewable resources, and the rare earths and minerals that some, including solar panels and wind turbines, rely on, could be subject to protectionism and trade wars. China, which produces 85% of the world’s rare earths, sharply tightened export quotas in 2010 with OPEC-like zeal. America and the European Union have slapped tariffs on Chinese solar-panel imports. Yet the vital substances involved in generating and storing electricity are not burned up like oil. Once a stock of them exists it can for the most part be recycled. And, even if today’s output is concentrated, for most materials the planet has undeveloped deposits or substitutes that can thwart a would-be monopolist. Rare earths, for example, are not rare—one of them, cerium , is almost as common as zinc. Electricity also rewards renewables are intermittent , regional grids are needed to ship electricity from where it is plentiful to where it is not. This could replicate the pipeline politics that Russia engages in with its natural-gas shipments to Europe. More likely, as grids are interconnected so as to diversify supply, more interdependent countries will conclude that manipulating the market is self-defeating. After all, unlike gas, you cannot keep electricity in the ground. thwart: to prevent someone from doing something or to stop something from happening intermittent: starting, stopping, and starting again: not constant or steady An electric world is therefore getting there will be hard, for two reasons. First, as rents dry up, authoritarian oil-dependent governments could collapse. Few will miss them, but their passing could cause social unrest and strife. Oil producers had a taste of what is to come when the price plunged in 2014-16, which led to deep, and unpopular, austerity measures. Saudi Arabia and Russia have temporarily stopped the rot by curtailing production and pushing oil prices higher, as part of an“OPEC+” agreement. They need high prices to buy time to wean their economies off oil. But the higher the oil price, the greater the incentive for energy-thirsty behemoths like China and India to invest in renewable-powered electrification to give themselves cheaper and more secure supplies. Should the producers’ alliance crumble in the face of a long-term decline in demand for oil, prices could once again tumble, this time for good. wean: to start feeding ( a child or young animal) food other than its mother's milk 从石油能源时代转换到电力能源时代是一个艰难的过程，第一个难点就是石油价格下降的话，这些产油国就会产生动荡和冲突... That will lead to the second danger: the fallout for investors in oil assets. America’s frackers need only look at the country’s woebegone coalminers to catch a glimpse of their fate in a distant post-oil future. The International Energy Agency, a forecaster, reckons that, if action to limit global warming to below 2°C accelerates in coming years,$1trn of oil assets could be stranded, ie, rendered obsolete. If the transition is unexpectedly sudden, stockmarkets will be dangerously exposed. The tension is the one hand government policy should press forward with the transition as fast as it can. On the other, a rapid transition will cause upheaval. Expect the big consumers, especially India and China, to force the pace. woebegone: looking or feeling very sad 点评：矛盾是无法避免的，一方面各国政府希望尽快转变到可持续的能源（产油国除外），另一方面这个转变过程速度太快的话会造成动乱。一言以蔽之，就是钱惹的祸 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Results Lexile®Measure: 1100L - 1200L Mean Sentence Length: Mean Log Word Frequency: Word Count: 853 这篇文章的蓝思值是在1100-1200L， 是经济学人里普通难度的文章~ 使用kindle断断续续地读《经济学人》三年，发现从一开始磕磕碰碰到现在比较顺畅地读完，进步很大，推荐购买！ 点击这里可以去亚马逊官网购买~
这篇文章有几个非常有意思的句子和表达，我贴出来，大家一起赏析一下： 佳句篇： Sentence 1. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. 解析： Ruffle弄皱的意思 Ruffle one’s feathers惹怒（想想逆毛流撸猫） The idea that ...用的是同位语从句，不太多，常用搭配是the evidence that，the concept that 等。That后从句解释idea, concept或evidence等。 Which的指代问题。Which指代的不是上文任何一个出现的单词或词组，而是Dr. Cochran的这波操作。Sentence 2. Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. disproportionately不成比例地 主干and复合句+非谓语动词scoring+as引导的从句（插入后置定语） 每个部分都不难，集合到一起就对理解产生障碍了。Sentence 3. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这个句子不难，为什么拿出来是因为这个violently的用法。简单来讲，这一个单词乍一看是作aristocratic的副词，实则在翻译（以及理解）当中，我们必须单独翻译成一个实意的成分，而且作副词处理。 Aristocratic贵族统治 Meritocratic德治Sentence 4. That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. 主语从句，注意 5. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. 典型长句，如何解析？ Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: Or so大约 斜体作的是disease genes they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. either or后面是两个in... 第一个in后面的which form part of the insulating outer sheaths解释的是Sphingolipids that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals解释的是sheaths。 也就是说，（非限制性）定语从句后面紧接另一个定语从句。 第二个in后面很简单，但！！！文章最后一段有解释，对于 文章结构 至关重要。Sentence 6&7. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 两句话放一起。 主干已加黑。很有意思的句子，工整、对仗，而又解释非常清楚。 下一句，persist和ubiquitous用词极其精准，整句话像外科手术般，精准简练。作者还是怕读者一下子没读懂，用简单而又高效的句子总结下。写作手法很老练高超，字字玑珠，像极了宝马M3。Sentence 8. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. 乍一看没什么稀奇，再一看，把一个comparison分别放在了主语和谓语的修饰成分中，可谓老辣。 作何解？ That promote intelligence对genes做了一个限定，指的是genes的其中一种特征，然后用when说明了适用情况。 Create谓语的主语也是genes，但这时候是没有限定的genes。Create disease做的是限定，其实对应的是promote intelligence。后面同样用一个when来说明范围。 简单来讲，genes的含义做了一个缩小和限定，又在create的时候恢复了genes的双重功能含义。 Promote intelligence和create diseases一个对应，尽管成分差别很大。 两个when的对比。 可谓神句。Sentence 9. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. Than (what) would be expected by chance. 省略了what。。。你能理解吗？ 还有这个books，这个同语境关联强烈。好的表达： 1. ruffle one’s feather 2. Tremble at the thought 3. Affirm作不及物动词（Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. ） 4. aristocratic . meritocratic 5. Exact a price类似用法 exert influence附原文及翻译： Natural genius? 天生我才？ The high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past 德系犹太人的高智商或许是因为曾经遭受迫害的后果 THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, a noted scientific iconoclast, is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection. 某些少数民族的平均智商高于其他民族这一说法，是很多不敢公开的假设之一。不过著名的科学狂人Gregory Cochran 决意要做第一个吃螃蟹的人。他很特别，总是独立工作而不属于任何机构。某些曾被诊断并非病菌引起的疾病，其实病源来自传染病。这一观点因他的推动受到了关注。此观点一经提出，就受到了许多科学家的反对。这还不算，更具争议的是，他认为同性恋也是由传染病引起的。 Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection. 然而就算是Cochran，也为自己接下来要做的事捏了一把汗。他准备同Utah大学的Jason Hardy与Henry Harpending一同，在最新一期的《生物社会科学杂志》发表一篇论文，文中不仅提出了某一少数民族比其他民族更聪明这一观点，还解释了这一结果产生的过程。文中两大主角就是德系犹太人和自然选择。 History before science 不管是否科学，先来看看历史 Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively. 德系犹太人不仅在IQ测试上表现不俗，正常人一般在100分左右，而他们大多都能得个112-115分，而且虽然人数不多，但他们在欧洲知识、文化生活中的地位却举足轻重。想想弗洛伊德、爱因斯坦、马勒，我们就会点头称是了。但同时，他们中患有如泰-萨克斯病、乳腺癌这类严重的遗传疾病的比率明显高于其他种族。这些事实，最初被人们认为是毫无联系的。前者被说成是社会原因引起的，如浓烈的价值观教育的传统；后者则被说成是基因隔离的结果，不过即使是现在，德系犹太人还是愿意同本族人结婚，在过去，就更是如此了。 Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. 但Cochran博士对以上两点表示质疑，并认为德系犹太人的天赋异禀与痛病缠身联系密切。他认为正是异常的历史环境强加给了德系犹太人独有的进化压力，才导致了这些看似奇怪的现象。 Ashkenazi history begins with the Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in the first century AD. When this was crushed, Jewish refugees fled in all directions. The descendants of those who fled to Europe became known as Ashkenazim. 德系犹太人的历史源于公元1世纪。犹太人在反对罗马人的统治失败后，犹太难民四散而逃，逃亡欧洲的犹太后裔就是如今的德系犹太人。 In the Middle Ages, European Jews were subjected to legal discrimination, one effect of which was to drive them into money-related professions such as banking and tax farming which were often disdained by, or forbidden to, Christians. This, along with the low level of intermarriage with their gentile neighbours (which modern genetic analysis confirms was the case), is Dr Cochran's starting point. 在中世纪，欧洲的犹太人在法律上地位很不平等，结果之一就是他们不得不从事与金钱相关的职业，如被人看不起或不准基督徒涉足的银行或征税工作，此外，他们只能与邻居中社会地位较低的非犹太人通婚（这种状况通过现代基因学分析得到了证实）。上述就是Cochran 博士论文的起点。 He argues that the professions occupied by European Jews were all ones that put a premium on intelligence. Of course, it is hard to prove that this intelligence premium existed in the Middle Ages, but it is certainly true that it exists in the modern versions of those occupations. Several studies have shown that intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly correlated with income in jobs such as banking. 他认为欧洲犹太人从事的职业都是些需要一定智商的职业，虽不能证明这些职业在中世纪时就是这样了，但在当代它们确实如此。一些研究表明，智力水平（按智力测试的标准来算）与工资水平（如那些从事银行工作的人）联系密切。 What can, however, be shown from the historical records is that European Jews at the top of their professions in the Middle Ages raised more children to adulthood than those at the bottom. Of course, that was true of successful gentiles as well. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这些历史记录证明了，那些在欧洲工作地位较高的犹太家庭子女存活率要高于那些地位较低的犹太家庭。情况对于那些其他种族的也是一样的。但在中世纪，基督教社会中所谓的成功多是贵族通过战争与土地强争豪取，而非通过量才而用（如从事银行或贸易工作）和平地获得。 Put these two things together—a correlation of intelligence and success, and a correlation of success and fecundity—and you have circumstances that favour the spread of genes that enhance intelligence. The questions are, do such genes exist, and what are they if they do? Dr Cochran thinks they do exist, and that they are exactly the genes that cause the inherited diseases which afflict Ashkenazi society. 把智力与成功的关联以及成功与生殖力的关系合二为一，你就具备了有利于智商提高的基因传播的条件。问题是这种智商基因确实存在吗？假如它果真存在的话，那究竟是什么呢？科克伦博士认为它们的确存在，而且正是那种引起折磨德系犹太人遗传疾病的基因。 That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. Constant mating with even distant relatives reduces genetic diversity, and some disease genes will thus, randomly, become more common. But the very randomness of this process means there should be no discernible pattern about which disease genes increase in frequency. In the case of Ashkenazim, Dr Cochran argues, this is not the case. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. The former genes cause neurological diseases, such as Tay- Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick. The latter cause cancer. 众所周知，越是人口稀少并且生育范围狭小的种族就越易患遗传疾病。总是于同族人通婚，就算不是近亲，也会较少遗传的多样性，同时也会使某些致病基因没有规律地在该种族内部泛滥起来。而这种无规律性意味着人们不知道何类致病基因会被大量传播。但对德系犹太人来说，Cochran 医生指出，情况却并非如此。他们当中最常见的十几种疾病基因基本上可以归结于两类：一类参与神经细胞中鞘脂类特殊脂肪）的储存。鞘脂组成一部分绝缘外层鞘，允许神经细胞发射电子信号。另一类参与DNA 的修复。前者基因会引发神经性疾病，如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病；而后者会导致癌症。 That does not look random. And what is even less random is that in several cases the genes for particular diseases come in different varieties, each the result of an independent original mutation. This really does suggest the mutated genes are being preserved by natural selection. But it does not answer the question of how evolution can favour genetic diseases. However, in certain circumstances, evolution can. 上述看起来并非毫无规律。而且更趋于规律的表现就是，在一些病例中，特殊疾病的致病基因来自于不同的变体，而每个变体都是独立的原基因变异的结果。这就印证了变异基因是自然选择保留下来的结果，可它却不能回答自然选择为什么会成了遗传疾病的帮凶，但在一些特殊的条件下，进化能够产生这样的结果。 West Africans, and people of West African descent, are susceptible to a disease called sickle-cell anaemia that is virtually unknown elsewhere. The anaemia develops in those whose red blood cells contain a particular type of haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. But the disease occurs only in those who have two copies of the gene for the disease-causing haemoglobin (one copy from each parent). Those who have only one copy have no symptoms. They are, however, protected against malaria, one of the biggest killers in that part of the world. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 如西非人以及他们的后代易患一种叫做镰状细胞性贫血的疾病，这种病在西非之外几乎都没人听说过。贫血症发于那些红血球中含有一种特殊的血红蛋白，其蛋白质中含有氧气的人。但这种镰状细胞性贫血症只会发生在同时有两组这种致病的血红蛋白（父母都有这种血红蛋白）的人身上。而那些只有一组的人不但不会患这种贫血症，也不会患疟疾，该病被称为非洲的头号杀手。因此，我们可以这样说，抵御疟疾的特性使得镰状细胞在得以人体中存活下来，同时这种细胞导致贫血症的特性也会被人体排斥，只有在为保持这两种状态而产生的压力达到平衡时，才不会有任何一个特性占据上风。 Dr Cochran argues that something similar happened to the Ashkenazim. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. His thesis is not as strong as the sickle-cell/malaria theory, because he has not proved that any of his disease genes do actually affect intelligence. But the area of operation of some of them suggests that they might. Cochran博士认为，德系犹太人也面临着同样的情况，他们的某些基因如果以单组出现就可以提高智力，一旦以双组出现就会引起疾病。显然，该理论并不如他的镰状细胞/疟疾理论那样具有说服力，因为他尚未证明任何一种致病基因确实能够影响智力，但是某些基因的活动区域显示它们或许真能影响智力。 The sphingolipid-storage diseases, Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick, all involve extra growth and branching of the protuberances that connect nerve cells together. Too much of this (as caused in those with double copies) is clearly pathological. But it may be that those with single copies experience a more limited, but still enhanced, protuberance growth. That would yield better linkage between brain cells, and might thus lead to increased intelligence. Indeed, in the case of Gaucher's disease, the only one of the three in which people routinely live to adulthood, there is evidence that those with full symptoms are more intelligent than the average. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. 鞘脂储存类疾病，如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病，都涉及到连接神经细胞的凸起的多余生长和分叉。显然，这种生长和分叉太多的话就会引起疾病。但是，也有可能，仅有单份致病基因的人会出现比较有限的、但仍然加强了的凸起生长。这将有助于加强脑细胞之间的连接，或许因此导致智力提高。实际上，在脑苷脂沉积病的例子中，在三分之一能够活到成年的患者中，确实有证据表明完全发病的人拥有高于平均值的智商。根据一家专门治疗脑苷脂沉积病的以色列诊所的医疗记录，患者中的工程师、科学家、会计和律师的比例多于常人。 Why a failure of the DNA-repair system should boost intelligence is unclear—and is, perhaps, the weakest part of the thesis, although evidence is emerging that one of the genes in question is involved in regulating the early growth of the brain. But the thesis also has a strong point: it makes a clear and testable prediction. This is that people with a single copy of the gene for Tay-Sachs, or that for Gaucher's, or that for Niemann-Pick should be more intelligent than average. Dr Cochran and his colleagues predict they will be so by about five IQ points. If that turns out to be the case, it will strengthen the idea that, albeit unwillingly, Ashkenazi Jews have been part of an accidental experiment in eugenics. It has brought them some advantages. But, like the deliberate eugenics experiments of the 20th century, it has also exacted a terrible price. 为什么基因修复系统失灵会提高智力，现在还不清楚原因何在。虽然，陆续有证据表明产生问题的基因之一参与了调节大脑的早期发育，但是这仍是该论题最薄弱的环节。不过，该理论也有令人信服的地方：它对于拥有单份泰萨二氏病或脑苷脂沉积病或神经鞘磷脂沉积病基因的人会比普通人更聪明做出了明确而可检验的预测。Cochran 博士和他的同事认为，这些人的智商因此会比平均水平高出5 个点。尽管有人不愿接受，假如确实如此的话，它将有力地证明，德系犹太人在不经意间经历了优生实验，而这为他们带来了智商上的优势。但是，如同发生在20 世纪的人为的优生实验一样，它同样让他们付出了可怕的代价。
As fuels, oil and electricity have meaningfully different characteristics OIL shaped the 20th century. In war, the French leader Georges Clemenceau said, petroleum was “as vital as blood”. In peace the oil business dominated stock markets, bankrolled despots and propped up the economies of entire countries. But the 21st century will see oil’s influence wane. Cheap natural gas, renewable energy, electric vehicles and coordinated efforts to tackle global warming together mean that the power source of choice will be electricity. That is welcome. The electricity era will diminish the clout of the $2trn oil trade, reduce the choke points that have made oil a source of global tension, put energy production into local hands and make power more accessible to the poor. It will also make the world cleaner and safer—reassuringly dull, even. The trouble is getting from here to there. Not just oil producers, but everyone else, too, may find the transition perilous . bankroll: to supply money for ( a business, project, person, etc.) despot: a ruler who has total power and who often uses that power in cruel and unfair ways perilous: full of danger: dangerous 石油早就了20世纪，在战争年代，石油就像血液一样重要；在和平年代，它掌控着经济命脉... Oil and electricity are a study in contrasts (see our special report). Oil is a wonder fuel, packed with more energy by weight than coal and by volume than natural gas (both still the main sources of electricity). It is easy to ship, store and turn into myriad refined products, from petrol to plastics to pharmaceuticals. But it is found only in specific places favoured by geology. Its production is concentrated in a few hands, and its oligopolistic suppliers—from the Seven Sisters to OPEC and Russia—have consistently attempted to drip-feed it on to the market to keep prices and cartelisation make oil prone to crises and the governments of oil-rich states prone to corruption and abuse. 石油有很多的优点，很容易运输，储存和合成其他产品... from petrol to plastics to pharmaceuticals 记住这个表达 但石油只产在某几个国家与地区，就让这些国家形成了垄断... Different kettles of fuel Electricity is less user-friendly than oil. It is hard to store, it loses its oomph when shipped over long distances, and its transmission and distribution require hands-on regulation. But in every other way, it promises a more peaceful world. Electricity is hard to monopolise because it can be produced from numerous sources of fuel, from natural gas and nuclear to wind, solar, hydro and biomass . The more these replace coal and oil as fuel for generation, the cleaner it promises to be. Given the right weather conditions, it is abundant geographically, too. Anyone can produce electricity—fromgreener-than-thou Germans to energy-poor Kenyans. oomph: power or energy ( his argument lacks oomph; the truck doesn't have the oomph to haul the boat) 电力能源虽然不如石油方便，但是却不会被某几个国家垄断，很多方法可以产生电力能源：风力，太阳能，氢能等 True, the technologies used to produce electricity from renewable resources, and the rare earths and minerals that some, including solar panels and wind turbines, rely on, could be subject to protectionism and trade wars. China, which produces 85% of the world’s rare earths, sharply tightened export quotas in 2010 with OPEC-like zeal. America and the European Union have slapped tariffs on Chinese solar-panel imports. Yet the vital substances involved in generating and storing electricity are not burned up like oil. Once a stock of them exists it can for the most part be recycled. And, even if today’s output is concentrated, for most materials the planet has undeveloped deposits or substitutes that can thwart a would-be monopolist. Rare earths, for example, are not rare—one of them, cerium , is almost as common as zinc. Electricity also rewards renewables are intermittent , regional grids are needed to ship electricity from where it is plentiful to where it is not. This could replicate the pipeline politics that Russia engages in with its natural-gas shipments to Europe. More likely, as grids are interconnected so as to diversify supply, more interdependent countries will conclude that manipulating the market is self-defeating. After all, unlike gas, you cannot keep electricity in the ground. thwart: to prevent someone from doing something or to stop something from happening intermittent: starting, stopping, and starting again: not constant or steady An electric world is therefore getting there will be hard, for two reasons. First, as rents dry up, authoritarian oil-dependent governments could collapse. Few will miss them, but their passing could cause social unrest and strife. Oil producers had a taste of what is to come when the price plunged in 2014-16, which led to deep, and unpopular, austerity measures. Saudi Arabia and Russia have temporarily stopped the rot by curtailing production and pushing oil prices higher, as part of an“OPEC+” agreement. They need high prices to buy time to wean their economies off oil. But the higher the oil price, the greater the incentive for energy-thirsty behemoths like China and India to invest in renewable-powered electrification to give themselves cheaper and more secure supplies. Should the producers’ alliance crumble in the face of a long-term decline in demand for oil, prices could once again tumble, this time for good. wean: to start feeding ( a child or young animal) food other than its mother's milk 从石油能源时代转换到电力能源时代是一个艰难的过程，第一个难点就是石油价格下降的话，这些产油国就会产生动荡和冲突... That will lead to the second danger: the fallout for investors in oil assets. America’s frackers need only look at the country’s woebegone coalminers to catch a glimpse of their fate in a distant post-oil future. The International Energy Agency, a forecaster, reckons that, if action to limit global warming to below 2°C accelerates in coming years,$1trn of oil assets could be stranded, ie, rendered obsolete. If the transition is unexpectedly sudden, stockmarkets will be dangerously exposed. The tension is the one hand government policy should press forward with the transition as fast as it can. On the other, a rapid transition will cause upheaval. Expect the big consumers, especially India and China, to force the pace. woebegone: looking or feeling very sad 点评：矛盾是无法避免的，一方面各国政府希望尽快转变到可持续的能源（产油国除外），另一方面这个转变过程速度太快的话会造成动乱。一言以蔽之，就是钱惹的祸 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Results Lexile®Measure: 1100L - 1200L Mean Sentence Length: Mean Log Word Frequency: Word Count: 853 这篇文章的蓝思值是在1100-1200L， 是经济学人里普通难度的文章~ 使用kindle断断续续地读《经济学人》三年，发现从一开始磕磕碰碰到现在比较顺畅地读完，进步很大，推荐购买！ 点击这里可以去亚马逊官网购买~
本文节选自《经济学人》期Business版块的一篇文章《China’s YouTube》，简单介绍了bilibili营收及发展情况 本文总共6段，建议大家先自主阅读原文，再学习精读笔记。 文末会总结此次学习写作可以使用的词句，读者也可自己总结。 会定期将内容进行总结，做成word分享，希望大家也能坚持学习 1 The mission statement of Bilibili, often dubbed “China’s YouTube”, stands out for its modesty. Instead of promising to change the world, the firm aspires merely to “enrich the everyday life of young generations in China”. If user figures are a guide, the Chinese young feel enriched. In the last quarter of 2020 the number of people who used the service at least once a month shot up by half from a year earlier , to 202m. Nearly nine in ten were under the age of 35. Videos on the platform, which range from sports highlights to selfhelp lectures and everything in between, attract an average of daily views . mission statement ： 宗旨说明，英文：an official statement of the aims of a company or an organization，即一家公司或组织的目标 【词汇积累】 dubbed ： dub，称作，起绰号，A is dubbed被动形式表示……被称作 【词汇积累】 stand out for sth ： 以……脱颖而出，引人注目 【词组积累】 aspire to do or sth ： 立志于做某事 【词组积累】 user figures ： 用户数据 【词汇积累】 shot up by half from a year earlier ： shot up表示激增，猛涨，by half表示增长的量，表示比一年前猛增了一半 【词组积累】 selfhelp lectures ： self-help表示自助的，可以表示自主学习课程 【地道表达】 bn daily views ： 12亿每日观看次数 【地道表达】 Bilibili，常被称作中国的YouTube，以其谦虚的公司宗旨而引人注目，他并非承诺改变世界，而只是希望“丰富中国年轻一代的日常生活”。如果以用户数据为依据，中国年轻人确实感受到了充实感。在2020年的最后一个季度，每月至少使用这项服务一次的人数比一年前猛增了一半，达到了亿，将近十分之九的人年龄在35岁以下。该平台上的视频，从体育高光时刻到自主学习，以及介于两者之间的一切，平均每天吸引12亿人次观看。 2 Launched in 2009 as a website for fans of Japanese anime, Bilibili has evolved into a diversified entertainment group. In recent months even Western musicians (such as Jessie J and Charlie Puth) and Hollywood stars (including Dwayne Johnson) have rushed to set up Bilibili accounts . Investors, too, have taken notice. Between March 2018, when the firm listed in New York, and February this year its market capitalization rose more than tenfold, to $41bn. On March 23rd it raised $ in a secondary listing in Hong Kong. Launch ： 上市。除了发射（火箭）外，还有上市的意思，launched in 2009 于2009年上市。下文中的 list in New York中的list也有上市的意思 【词汇积累】 evolved into ： 进化成为 【词组积累】 rush to set up Bilibili accounts ： rush to do争先箜篌地做某事，set up …… accounts则表示开设创建……的账号 【词组积累】 Between …… and ……： 表示在……和……之间，可以为两个时间段之间 【词组积累】 Bilibili于2009年上市，是一家面向日本动漫迷的网站，现已发展成为一家多元化的娱乐集团。近几个月来，甚至连西方音乐家（Jessie J和Charlie Puth）和好莱坞明星（包括Dwayne Johnson）都争先恐后地开设了Bilibili账户。投资者也注意到了这一点。从2018年3月该公司在纽约上市到今年2月，其市值增长了10倍多，达到410亿美元。3月23日，在香港二次上市中筹集了26亿美元。 3 Unlike YouTube, Bilibili refuses to clutter usergenerated videos with adverts. That way, the thinking goes, it can attract new users put off by such interruptions, and convince them to spend more time on the platform. The central aim, as described by executives, is to “convert” this “sticky community” into “paying users”. Bilibili does so in two main ways: by offering games where players purchase virtual items to advance to the next level , and access to original and licensed firms and series. This Netflixlike business, launched in 2018, now has paying subscribers. clutter ： ~ sth (up) (with sth/sb) 凌乱地塞满；乱堆放to fill a place with too many things, so that it is untidy。文中指的是bilibili不会在用户上传的视频中，随意添加广告：clutter user-generated videos with adverts 【词汇积累】 put off by ： 被……推迟，这里指的是bilibili运用不放广告的理念吸引那些被广告阻碍看视频的用户 【词组积累】 by offering games where players purchase virtual items to advance to the next level ： 这里的定语从句where后面句子是完整的，不缺成分，where表示玩家在游戏中发生购买行为时的场所，也可以理解为in which 与YouTube不同，Bilibili拒绝在用户自制的视频中添加广告，这样做可以吸引新用户推迟这种中断，并说服他们花更多的时间在平台上。正如高管们所描述的，核心目标是将这个“粘性社区”转化为“付费用户”。Bilibili主要通过两种方式实现这一点：提供玩家购买虚拟物品以提升到下一个级别的游戏，以及访问原始和许可的公司和系列产品。这种类似Netflix的业务于2018年推出，目前拥有1450万付费用户。 4 The share of users who pay for things like ingame accessories and subscriptions has risen from in 2018 to in 2020. Receipts from these sources helped Bilibili nearly to double its revenues in each of the past three years , to 12bn yuan ($) in 2020. It also sells adverts on parts of its platform, but they made up less than fifth of its sales. accessory ： 配件、附属品，文中指游戏中的付费物品，in-game accessories 【词汇积累】 double its revenues in each of the past three years ：： 在过去的三年中收入每年都翻了一番 【地道表达】 支付游戏内附属品和订阅费的用户比例从2018年的上升到2020年的。这些来源的收入帮助Bilibili在过去三年中每年的收入翻了一番，到2020年达到120亿元人民币（合17亿美元）。它也在部分平台上销售广告，但这些广告所占的份额还不到其销售额的四分之一。 5 All this has yet to make any money . Last year Bilibili reported an operating loss of 3bn yuan, double the shortfall in 2019. Profits may remain elusive; the company must invest to maintain a pipeline of addictive games and pays top dollar to outbid big streamers like iQiyi for the rights to popular movies and shows its nascent subscription business needs. All this has yet to make any money ： 然而这还没有赚到一分钱 Shortfall ： 亏空，缺口 【词汇积累】 pays top dollar ： 付高价 【词汇积累】 outbid sb for sth ： 出价高于某人 【词组积累】 nascent ： 新生的，萌芽的 【词汇积累】 然而所有这些都还没有赚到钱。去年，Bilibili公布了30亿元的经营亏损，是2019年亏损额的两倍。利润可能仍然难以捉摸；该公司必须通过投资维持游戏渠道，并支付高价，以超过爱奇艺等大型流媒体，获得热门电影的版权，并展示其新生的订阅业务需求。 6 Bilibili’s executives are sanguine . “As our net revenues continue to grow, we do not expect our total content costs as a percentage of total revenue to substantially increase,” they wrote in the prospectus for the firm’s Hong Kong listing. Its share price, down by a third since its February peak, suggests investors want finally to see some proof. Sanguine ： 充满信心的，乐观的 【词汇积累】 Substantially ： 除了基本上，总体来说，还有大大地，大幅地 【熟词僻义】 Prospectus ： 招股书 Bilibili的高管们很乐观。“随着我们的净收入继续增长，我们不希望我们的总内容成本占总收入的百分比大幅增加，”他们写道，在该公司的香港上市的招股书。该公司股价自2月份高点以来下跌了三分之一，这表明投资者终于希望看到一些证据。 总结 mission statement ： 宗旨说明，英文：an official statement of the aims of a company or an organization，即一家公司或组织的目标 【词汇积累】 dubbed ： dub，称作，起绰号，A is dubbed被动形式表示……被称作 【词汇积累】 user figures ： 用户数据 【词汇积累】 Launch ： 上市。除了发射（火箭）外，还有上市的意思，launched in 2009 于2009年上市。下文中的 list in New York中的list也有上市的意思 【词汇积累】 clutter ： ~ sth (up) (with sth/sb) 凌乱地塞满；乱堆放to fill a place with too many things, so that it is untidy。文中指的是bilibili不会在用户上传的视频中，随意添加广告：clutter user-generated videos with adverts 【词汇积累】 accessory ： 配件、附属品，文中指游戏中的付费物品，in-game accessories 【词汇积累】 Shortfall ： 亏空，缺口 【词汇积累】 pays top dollar ： 付高价 【词汇积累】 nascent ： 新生的，萌芽的 【词汇积累】 Sanguine ： 充满信心的，乐观的 【词汇积累】 stand out for sth ： 以……脱颖而出，引人注目 【词组积累】 aspire to do or sth ： 立志于做某事 【词组积累】 shot up by half from a year earlier ： shot up表示激增，猛涨，by half表示增长的量，表示比一年前猛增了一半 【词组积累】 evolved into ： 进化成为 【词组积累】 rush to set up Bilibili accounts ： rush to do争先箜篌地做某事，set up …… accounts 则表示开设创建……的账号 【词组积累】 Between …… and ……： 表示在……和……之间，可以为两个时间段之间 【词组积累】 outbid sb for sth ： 出价高于某人 【词组积累】 put off by ： 被……推迟，这里指的是bilibili运用不放广告的理念吸引那些被广告阻碍看视频的用户 【词组积累】 Substantially ： 除了基本上，总体来说，还有大大地，大幅地 【熟词僻义】 selfhelp lectures ： self-help表示自助的，可以表示自主学习课程 【地道表达】 bn daily views ： 12亿每日观看次数 【地道表达】 double its revenues in each of the past three years ：： 在过去的三年中收入每年都翻了一番 【地道表达】
A revolution in healthcare is coming Welcome to Doctor You Feb 1st 2018NO WONDER they are called “patients”.When people enter the health-care systems of rich countries today, they know what they will get: prodding doctors, endless tests, baffling jargon, rising costs and, above all, long waits. Some stoicism will always be needed, because health care is complex and diligence matters. But frustration is boiling week three of the biggest names in American business—Amazon, Berkshire Hathaway and JPMorgan Chase—announced a new venture to provide better, cheaper health care for their employees. A fundamental problem with today’s system is that patients lack knowledge and control. Access to data can bestow both. The internet already enables patients to seek online consultations when and where it suits them. You can take over-the-counter tests to analyse your blood, sequence your genome and check on the bacteria in your gut. Yet radical change demands a shift in emphasis, from providers to patients and from doctors to data. That shift is happening. Technologies such as the smartphone allow people to monitor their own health. The possibilities multiply when you add the crucial missing ingredients—access to your own medical records and the ability easily to share information with those you trust. That allows you to reduce inefficiencies in your own treatment and also to provide data to help train medical algorithms. You can enhance your own care and everyone else’s, too. jargon: the language used for a particular activity or by a particular group of people stoicism: the quality or behavior of a person who accepts what happens without complaining or showing emotion 现在病人走进一家医院，都能预料到会是什么样的：仓促的医生，数不清的检测，看不懂的病例，涨不停的费用和无尽的等待... 病人的问题就是他们不清楚状况和缺乏对自己病情的控制 所以亚马逊和JPMorgan还有Berkshire Hathaway 成立了一个新的公司，为他们的员工提供更好更廉价的医疗 The doctor will be you now Medical data may not seem like the type of kindling to spark a revolution. But the flow of information is likely to bear fruit in several ways. One is better diagnosis. Someone worried about their heart can now buy a watch strap containing a medical-grade monitor that will detect arrhythmias. Apps are vying to see if they can diagnose everything from skin cancer and concussion to Parkinson’s disease. Research is under way to see whether sweat can be analysed for molecular biomarkers without the need for an invasive blood test. Some think that changes in how quickly a person swipes a phone’s touchscreen might signal the onset of cognitive problems. A second benefit lies in the management of complex diseases. Diabetes apps can change the way patients cope, by monitoring blood-glucose levels and food intake, potentially reducing long-run harm such as blindness and gangrene. Akili Interactive, a startup, plans to seek regulatory approval for a video game designed to stimulate an area of the brain implicated in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (see article). 医疗数据可能不会带来一个伟大的变革，但是会有非常多的好处，这四段分别讲了四个有用的地方，看经济学人重要的是看清楚文章的逻辑！ 第一个好处是：更好地诊断 第二个好处是：管理复杂的疾病 Patients can also improve the efficiency of their care. Although health records are increasingly electronic, they are often still trapped in silos. Many contain data that machines cannot read. This can lead to delays in treatment, or worse. Many of the 250,000 deaths in America attributable to medical error each year can be traced to poorly co-ordinated care. With data at their fingertips, common standards to enable sharing and a strong incentive to get things right, patients are more likely to spot errors. On January 24th Apple laid out its plans to ask organisations to let patients use their smartphones to download their own medical records (see article). A final benefit of putting patients in charge stems from the generation and aggregation of their data. Artificial intelligence (AI) is already being trained by a unit of Alphabet, Google’s parent company, to identify cancerous tissues and retinal damage. As patients’data stream from smartphones and “wearables”, they will teach AIs to do ever more. Future AIs could, for instance, provide automated medical diagnosis from a description of your symptoms, spot behavioural traits that suggest you are depressed or identify if you are at special risk of cardiac disease. The aggregation of data will also make it easier for you to find other people with similar diseases and to see how they responded to various treatments. 第三个好处是提高医疗效率 第四个好处是病人掌控自己的数据整合等 讲完了好处接下来讲坏处... An Apple a day As with all new technologies, pitfalls accompany the promise. Hucksters will launch apps that do not work. But with regulators demanding oversight of apps that present risks to patients, users will harm only their wallets. Not everyone will want to take active control of their own health care; plenty will want the professionals to manage . Data can be pored over by those who are interested, while those who are not can opt to share data automatically with trusted providers. The benefits of new technologies often flow disproportionately to the rich. Those fears are mitigated by the incentives that employers, governments and insurers have to invest in cost-efficient preventive care for all. Alphabet has recently launched a firm called Cityblock Health, for example, which plans to trawl through patients’ data to provide better care for low-income city dwellers, many of them covered by Medicaid, an insurance programme for poorer Americans. pitfall: a danger or problem that is hidden or not obvious at first pore over: to read or study something very carefully trawl: to search through something in order to find someone or something 很多先进的技术都是益了富人，因此这需要纳税人，政府和保险公司一起想出保障到所有人的医疗制度 Google在这方面有做出了努力，成立了一各公司Cityblock Health，为低收入人群提供更好的医疗！（真心觉得googlers 是为了人类进步而发展的公司...) Other risks are harder to deal transparency may encourage the hale and hearty not to take out health insurance. They may even make it harder for the unwell to find cover. Regulations can slow that process—by requiring insurers to ignore genetic data, for example—but not stop it. Security is another worry. The more patient data are analysed in the cloud or shared with different firms, the greater the potential threat of hacking or misuse. Almost a quarter of all data breaches in America happen in health care. Health firms should face stringent penalties if they are slapdash about security, but it is naive to expect that breaches will never happen. Will the benefits of making data more widely available outweigh such risks? The signs are that they will. Plenty of countries are now opening up their medical records, but few have gone as far as Sweden. It aims to give all its citizens electronic access to their medical records by 2020; over a third of Swedes have already set up accounts. Studies show that patients with such access have a better understanding of their illnesses, and that their treatment is more successful. Trials in America and Canada have produced not just happier patients but lower costs, as clinicians fielded fewer inquiries. That should be no surprise. No one has a greater interest in your health than you do. Trust in Doctor You. hale: healthy and strong, usually used in the phrase hale and hearty 一个坏处就是让那些身体情况良好的人不会再买保险，而让那些身体不好的人很难买到保险；还有分享的数据越多，就越有可能发生数据泄露和被黑客黑的可能 stringent: very strict or severe slapdash: quick and careless 那分享这些医疗数据到底是不是利大于弊还是弊大于利？种种迹象标明是 利大于弊的！ 总结：科技改变生活，本文是这期经济学人杂志的封面文章 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Results Lexile®Measure: 1100L - 1200L Mean Sentence Length: Mean Log Word Frequency: Word Count: 1030 这篇文章的蓝思值是在1100-1200L， 适合英语专业大二的水平学习，是经济学人里比较简单的使用kindle断断续续地读《经济学人》三年，发现从一开始磕磕碰碰到现在比较顺畅地读完，进步很大，推荐购买！ 点击这里可以去亚马逊官网购买~
这篇文章有几个非常有意思的句子和表达，我贴出来，大家一起赏析一下： 佳句篇： Sentence 1. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. 解析： Ruffle弄皱的意思 Ruffle one’s feathers惹怒（想想逆毛流撸猫） The idea that ...用的是同位语从句，不太多，常用搭配是the evidence that，the concept that 等。That后从句解释idea, concept或evidence等。 Which的指代问题。Which指代的不是上文任何一个出现的单词或词组，而是Dr. Cochran的这波操作。Sentence 2. Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. disproportionately不成比例地 主干and复合句+非谓语动词scoring+as引导的从句（插入后置定语） 每个部分都不难，集合到一起就对理解产生障碍了。Sentence 3. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这个句子不难，为什么拿出来是因为这个violently的用法。简单来讲，这一个单词乍一看是作aristocratic的副词，实则在翻译（以及理解）当中，我们必须单独翻译成一个实意的成分，而且作副词处理。 Aristocratic贵族统治 Meritocratic德治Sentence 4. That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. 主语从句，注意 5. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. 典型长句，如何解析？ Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: Or so大约 斜体作的是disease genes they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. either or后面是两个in... 第一个in后面的which form part of the insulating outer sheaths解释的是Sphingolipids that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals解释的是sheaths。 也就是说，（非限制性）定语从句后面紧接另一个定语从句。 第二个in后面很简单，但！！！文章最后一段有解释，对于 文章结构 至关重要。Sentence 6&7. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 两句话放一起。 主干已加黑。很有意思的句子，工整、对仗，而又解释非常清楚。 下一句，persist和ubiquitous用词极其精准，整句话像外科手术般，精准简练。作者还是怕读者一下子没读懂，用简单而又高效的句子总结下。写作手法很老练高超，字字玑珠，像极了宝马M3。Sentence 8. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. 乍一看没什么稀奇，再一看，把一个comparison分别放在了主语和谓语的修饰成分中，可谓老辣。 作何解？ That promote intelligence对genes做了一个限定，指的是genes的其中一种特征，然后用when说明了适用情况。 Create谓语的主语也是genes，但这时候是没有限定的genes。Create disease做的是限定，其实对应的是promote intelligence。后面同样用一个when来说明范围。 简单来讲，genes的含义做了一个缩小和限定，又在create的时候恢复了genes的双重功能含义。 Promote intelligence和create diseases一个对应，尽管成分差别很大。 两个when的对比。 可谓神句。Sentence 9. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. Than (what) would be expected by chance. 省略了what。。。你能理解吗？ 还有这个books，这个同语境关联强烈。好的表达： 1. ruffle one’s feather 2. Tremble at the thought 3. Affirm作不及物动词（Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. ） 4. aristocratic . meritocratic 5. Exact a price类似用法 exert influence附原文及翻译： Natural genius? 天生我才？ The high intelligence of Ashkenazi Jews may be a result of their persecuted past 德系犹太人的高智商或许是因为曾经遭受迫害的后果 THE idea that some ethnic groups may, on average, be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran, a noted scientific iconoclast, is prepared to say it anyway. He is that rare bird, a scientist who works independently of any institution. He helped popularise the idea that some diseases not previously thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which ruffled many scientific feathers when it was first suggested. And more controversially still, he has suggested that homosexuality is caused by an infection. 某些少数民族的平均智商高于其他民族这一说法，是很多不敢公开的假设之一。不过著名的科学狂人Gregory Cochran 决意要做第一个吃螃蟹的人。他很特别，总是独立工作而不属于任何机构。某些曾被诊断并非病菌引起的疾病，其实病源来自传染病。这一观点因他的推动受到了关注。此观点一经提出，就受到了许多科学家的反对。这还不算，更具争议的是，他认为同性恋也是由传染病引起的。 Even he, however, might tremble at the thought of what he is about to do. Together with Jason Hardy and Henry Harpending, of the University of Utah, he is publishing, in a forthcoming edition of the Journal of Biosocial Science, a paper which not only suggests that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in question are Ashkenazi Jews. The process is natural selection. 然而就算是Cochran，也为自己接下来要做的事捏了一把汗。他准备同Utah大学的Jason Hardy与Henry Harpending一同，在最新一期的《生物社会科学杂志》发表一篇论文，文中不仅提出了某一少数民族比其他民族更聪明这一观点，还解释了这一结果产生的过程。文中两大主角就是德系犹太人和自然选择。 History before science 不管是否科学，先来看看历史 Ashkenazim generally do well in IQ tests, scoring 12-15 points above the mean value of 100, and have contributed disproportionately to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the careers of Freud, Einstein and Mahler, pictured above, affirm. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as Tay-Sachs and breast cancer. These facts, however, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of valuing education. The latter was seen as a consequence of genetic isolation. Even now, Ashkenazim tend to marry among themselves. In the past they did so almost exclusively. 德系犹太人不仅在IQ测试上表现不俗，正常人一般在100分左右，而他们大多都能得个112-115分，而且虽然人数不多，但他们在欧洲知识、文化生活中的地位却举足轻重。想想弗洛伊德、爱因斯坦、马勒，我们就会点头称是了。但同时，他们中患有如泰-萨克斯病、乳腺癌这类严重的遗传疾病的比率明显高于其他种族。这些事实，最初被人们认为是毫无联系的。前者被说成是社会原因引起的，如浓烈的价值观教育的传统；后者则被说成是基因隔离的结果，不过即使是现在，德系犹太人还是愿意同本族人结婚，在过去，就更是如此了。 Dr Cochran, however, suspects that the intelligence and the diseases are intimately linked. His argument is that the unusual history of the Ashkenazim has subjected them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this paradoxical state of affairs. 但Cochran博士对以上两点表示质疑，并认为德系犹太人的天赋异禀与痛病缠身联系密切。他认为正是异常的历史环境强加给了德系犹太人独有的进化压力，才导致了这些看似奇怪的现象。 Ashkenazi history begins with the Jewish rebellion against Roman rule in the first century AD. When this was crushed, Jewish refugees fled in all directions. The descendants of those who fled to Europe became known as Ashkenazim. 德系犹太人的历史源于公元1世纪。犹太人在反对罗马人的统治失败后，犹太难民四散而逃，逃亡欧洲的犹太后裔就是如今的德系犹太人。 In the Middle Ages, European Jews were subjected to legal discrimination, one effect of which was to drive them into money-related professions such as banking and tax farming which were often disdained by, or forbidden to, Christians. This, along with the low level of intermarriage with their gentile neighbours (which modern genetic analysis confirms was the case), is Dr Cochran's starting point. 在中世纪，欧洲的犹太人在法律上地位很不平等，结果之一就是他们不得不从事与金钱相关的职业，如被人看不起或不准基督徒涉足的银行或征税工作，此外，他们只能与邻居中社会地位较低的非犹太人通婚（这种状况通过现代基因学分析得到了证实）。上述就是Cochran 博士论文的起点。 He argues that the professions occupied by European Jews were all ones that put a premium on intelligence. Of course, it is hard to prove that this intelligence premium existed in the Middle Ages, but it is certainly true that it exists in the modern versions of those occupations. Several studies have shown that intelligence, as measured by IQ tests, is highly correlated with income in jobs such as banking. 他认为欧洲犹太人从事的职业都是些需要一定智商的职业，虽不能证明这些职业在中世纪时就是这样了，但在当代它们确实如此。一些研究表明，智力水平（按智力测试的标准来算）与工资水平（如那些从事银行工作的人）联系密切。 What can, however, be shown from the historical records is that European Jews at the top of their professions in the Middle Ages raised more children to adulthood than those at the bottom. Of course, that was true of successful gentiles as well. But in the Middle Ages, success in Christian society tended to be violently aristocratic (warfare and land), rather than peacefully meritocratic (banking and trade). 这些历史记录证明了，那些在欧洲工作地位较高的犹太家庭子女存活率要高于那些地位较低的犹太家庭。情况对于那些其他种族的也是一样的。但在中世纪，基督教社会中所谓的成功多是贵族通过战争与土地强争豪取，而非通过量才而用（如从事银行或贸易工作）和平地获得。 Put these two things together—a correlation of intelligence and success, and a correlation of success and fecundity—and you have circumstances that favour the spread of genes that enhance intelligence. The questions are, do such genes exist, and what are they if they do? Dr Cochran thinks they do exist, and that they are exactly the genes that cause the inherited diseases which afflict Ashkenazi society. 把智力与成功的关联以及成功与生殖力的关系合二为一，你就具备了有利于智商提高的基因传播的条件。问题是这种智商基因确实存在吗？假如它果真存在的话，那究竟是什么呢？科克伦博士认为它们的确存在，而且正是那种引起折磨德系犹太人遗传疾病的基因。 That small, reproductively isolated groups of people are susceptible to genetic disease is well known. Constant mating with even distant relatives reduces genetic diversity, and some disease genes will thus, randomly, become more common. But the very randomness of this process means there should be no discernible pattern about which disease genes increase in frequency. In the case of Ashkenazim, Dr Cochran argues, this is not the case. Most of the dozen or so disease genes that are common in them belong to one of two types: they are involved either in the storage in nerve cells of special fats called sphingolipids, which form part of the insulating outer sheaths that allow nerve cells to transmit electrical signals, or in DNA repair. The former genes cause neurological diseases, such as Tay- Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick. The latter cause cancer. 众所周知，越是人口稀少并且生育范围狭小的种族就越易患遗传疾病。总是于同族人通婚，就算不是近亲，也会较少遗传的多样性，同时也会使某些致病基因没有规律地在该种族内部泛滥起来。而这种无规律性意味着人们不知道何类致病基因会被大量传播。但对德系犹太人来说，Cochran 医生指出，情况却并非如此。他们当中最常见的十几种疾病基因基本上可以归结于两类：一类参与神经细胞中鞘脂类特殊脂肪）的储存。鞘脂组成一部分绝缘外层鞘，允许神经细胞发射电子信号。另一类参与DNA 的修复。前者基因会引发神经性疾病，如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病；而后者会导致癌症。 That does not look random. And what is even less random is that in several cases the genes for particular diseases come in different varieties, each the result of an independent original mutation. This really does suggest the mutated genes are being preserved by natural selection. But it does not answer the question of how evolution can favour genetic diseases. However, in certain circumstances, evolution can. 上述看起来并非毫无规律。而且更趋于规律的表现就是，在一些病例中，特殊疾病的致病基因来自于不同的变体，而每个变体都是独立的原基因变异的结果。这就印证了变异基因是自然选择保留下来的结果，可它却不能回答自然选择为什么会成了遗传疾病的帮凶，但在一些特殊的条件下，进化能够产生这样的结果。 West Africans, and people of West African descent, are susceptible to a disease called sickle-cell anaemia that is virtually unknown elsewhere. The anaemia develops in those whose red blood cells contain a particular type of haemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen. But the disease occurs only in those who have two copies of the gene for the disease-causing haemoglobin (one copy from each parent). Those who have only one copy have no symptoms. They are, however, protected against malaria, one of the biggest killers in that part of the world. Thus, the theory goes, the pressure to keep the sickle-cell gene in the population because of its malaria-protective effects balances the pressure to drive it out because of its anaemia-causing effects. It therefore persists without becoming ubiquitous. 如西非人以及他们的后代易患一种叫做镰状细胞性贫血的疾病，这种病在西非之外几乎都没人听说过。贫血症发于那些红血球中含有一种特殊的血红蛋白，其蛋白质中含有氧气的人。但这种镰状细胞性贫血症只会发生在同时有两组这种致病的血红蛋白（父母都有这种血红蛋白）的人身上。而那些只有一组的人不但不会患这种贫血症，也不会患疟疾，该病被称为非洲的头号杀手。因此，我们可以这样说，抵御疟疾的特性使得镰状细胞在得以人体中存活下来，同时这种细胞导致贫血症的特性也会被人体排斥，只有在为保持这两种状态而产生的压力达到平衡时，才不会有任何一个特性占据上风。 Dr Cochran argues that something similar happened to the Ashkenazim. Genes that promote intelligence in an individual when present as a single copy create disease when present as a double copy. His thesis is not as strong as the sickle-cell/malaria theory, because he has not proved that any of his disease genes do actually affect intelligence. But the area of operation of some of them suggests that they might. Cochran博士认为，德系犹太人也面临着同样的情况，他们的某些基因如果以单组出现就可以提高智力，一旦以双组出现就会引起疾病。显然，该理论并不如他的镰状细胞/疟疾理论那样具有说服力，因为他尚未证明任何一种致病基因确实能够影响智力，但是某些基因的活动区域显示它们或许真能影响智力。 The sphingolipid-storage diseases, Tay-Sachs, Gaucher's and Niemann-Pick, all involve extra growth and branching of the protuberances that connect nerve cells together. Too much of this (as caused in those with double copies) is clearly pathological. But it may be that those with single copies experience a more limited, but still enhanced, protuberance growth. That would yield better linkage between brain cells, and might thus lead to increased intelligence. Indeed, in the case of Gaucher's disease, the only one of the three in which people routinely live to adulthood, there is evidence that those with full symptoms are more intelligent than the average. An Israeli clinic devoted to treating people with Gaucher's has vastly more engineers, scientists, accountants and lawyers on its books than would be expected by chance. 鞘脂储存类疾病，如泰萨二氏病、脑苷脂沉积病和神经鞘磷脂沉积病，都涉及到连接神经细胞的凸起的多余生长和分叉。显然，这种生长和分叉太多的话就会引起疾病。但是，也有可能，仅有单份致病基因的人会出现比较有限的、但仍然加强了的凸起生长。这将有助于加强脑细胞之间的连接，或许因此导致智力提高。实际上，在脑苷脂沉积病的例子中，在三分之一能够活到成年的患者中，确实有证据表明完全发病的人拥有高于平均值的智商。根据一家专门治疗脑苷脂沉积病的以色列诊所的医疗记录，患者中的工程师、科学家、会计和律师的比例多于常人。 Why a failure of the DNA-repair system should boost intelligence is unclear—and is, perhaps, the weakest part of the thesis, although evidence is emerging that one of the genes in question is involved in regulating the early growth of the brain. But the thesis also has a strong point: it makes a clear and testable prediction. This is that people with a single copy of the gene for Tay-Sachs, or that for Gaucher's, or that for Niemann-Pick should be more intelligent than average. Dr Cochran and his colleagues predict they will be so by about five IQ points. If that turns out to be the case, it will strengthen the idea that, albeit unwillingly, Ashkenazi Jews have been part of an accidental experiment in eugenics. It has brought them some advantages. But, like the deliberate eugenics experiments of the 20th century, it has also exacted a terrible price. 为什么基因修复系统失灵会提高智力，现在还不清楚原因何在。虽然，陆续有证据表明产生问题的基因之一参与了调节大脑的早期发育，但是这仍是该论题最薄弱的环节。不过，该理论也有令人信服的地方：它对于拥有单份泰萨二氏病或脑苷脂沉积病或神经鞘磷脂沉积病基因的人会比普通人更聪明做出了明确而可检验的预测。Cochran 博士和他的同事认为，这些人的智商因此会比平均水平高出5 个点。尽管有人不愿接受，假如确实如此的话，它将有力地证明，德系犹太人在不经意间经历了优生实验，而这为他们带来了智商上的优势。但是，如同发生在20 世纪的人为的优生实验一样，它同样让他们付出了可怕的代价。
今晚听Justin解读《经济学人》的各个板块，让我既梳理了自己的阅读偏好，又有了新的收获和目标。 一. 我的喜好 1. China 板块的 Chaguan 专栏 茶馆专栏的内容几乎是我拿到每期经济学人后会第一篇阅读的文章，因为话题本身就既有意思又接地气。读读“老外”如何看待中国的热点，总让我觉得新奇又好玩。 2. Business 板块的 Bartleby 专栏 我一直对职场类话题很感兴趣，所以 Bartleby 专栏一出来，我就眼睛一亮。我知道中外职场既有共性，又存在明显的差异。更重要的，读读这些文章，也许还可以避免我们无知地踏进职场的“坑”里。 3. Letters 原先我并没有注意到这个“不起眼”的板块，直到上个月读到Justin的公众号文章—— 这可能是《经济学人》最好玩儿的板块 ——我才开始关注这些读者信件。有的读者来信会让我眼睛一亮，尤其是信中的观点与我阅读某篇文章时的想法不谋而合，或是他们的想法让我陷入思考的时候，我都会觉得很有意思。 二. 部分解读 1. The world this week 一周要闻包括三部分： 我可以好好利用碎片时间来读一读这个版块。 2. Briefing 深度长文、专题（单篇篇幅最长的板块，将Leaders里的一篇充分展开） 3. Essay 随笔（不定期出的有大量论证的长文） 4. Technology Quarterly 科技季刊 （夹在杂志中，由6-8篇文章组成，对某一话题作深度探讨） 5. Business 是唯一一个有两个专栏的板块 三. 课程总结 1. 从兴趣出发来阅读，不要被别人牵着鼻子走。 2. 刚开始读《经济学人》，坚持读一个板块就好。 3. 按需阅读，每个版块对应不同的学习目标。 四. 学习表达 1. survey 总览 2. paraphrase 意译、改述 3. nomenclature 命名 4. dumb down: make sth. more accessible and comprehensible
《经济学人》中有这样一句话：Yet the idea of sector-by-sector membership is problematic. The EU has made plain its dislike of cherry-picking.其中，...has made plain its dislike of... 就是一个值得模仿的表达，它的含义是“……已经表明不喜欢……”。可以造几个句子：a) Many CEOs in top American companies made plain their dislike of Donald Trump before the presidential election, and that has put them in a dilemma as Trump makes his way to the White ) In preserving natural resources, most ecologists have made plain their dislike of disposable ) China has made plain its dislike of a trade war with America, for it will damage the interests of both countries.通过这样的形式进行思维发散，加深对所学表达的理解和记忆。在接下来的几个例子里面我也会演示如何造句：下面的句子出自经济学人关于日本和俄罗斯领导人会谈的报道：Two men in a tubAmong the possible enticements for Russia is the revival of a mothballed proposal to build a $ gas pipeline between Russia’s Sakhalin Island and Tokyo. Japan is also dangling billions in soft loans for the development of Russia’s impoverished Far East, as well as a boost to private investment. 日本与俄罗斯（苏联）在二战后出现了北方四岛争端（目前北方四岛被俄罗斯占领）。最近日本首相安倍晋三邀请普京访问日本，其中一个重要议题就是解决领土争端问题。作为交换，日本可能会提供给俄罗斯经济利益，包括天然气管道合约以及贷款等。作者在写日本给俄罗斯提供好处时用了一个词：dangle.这个词用得很形象，放在句子中给人的感觉是日本像财大气粗的土豪，手里挥舞着巨额钞票引诱俄罗斯接受。dangling 一词也与前面的 enticements 形成呼应。在实际写作中，我们可以使用 dangle 来表达“（为了吸引某人而）提供（优厚条件）”的含义，例如：a) Many parents have tried dangling all sorts of offers such as pocket money, toys and opportunities to go to amusement parks in front of their children in an attempt to get them study ) Plenty of IT startups in China are dangling a handsome pay package before prospective employees to lure the best 下面的段落节选来自文章 Changing track: Britain’s wheezing railways are set for a shake-up, 文章的背景是应该英国政府希望给予铁路公司更多自主权，能让他们帮忙维护和升级英国的铁路系统。Since privatisation, the distance travelled by passengers has doubled, but the amount of track has remained the same (see chart). That means that builders updating Victorian tracks and stations to 21st-century standards have to do so alongside crowds of passengers. Doing essential work while the network continues in full operation is like performing “open heart surgery on a marathon runner”, as one rail minister put it.英国的铁路系统在私营化之后，旅客流量大增，但旧有的铁路系统逐渐力不从心。在升级维多利亚时代铁路系统的同时还要保证旅客能正常出行，这无疑是一件很困难的事情，对此文中出现了一个很精妙的比喻：open heart surgery on a marathon runner, 在跑马拉松的人身上同时进行心脏手术——一项几乎不可能完成的任务。由此让人直观感受到升级铁路系统的难度之大。下面的段落选自文章 Rent extraction: The end of the £75 pet-licence, 文章的背景是英国政府在酝酿法案禁止房屋中介向租客收取费用。Philip Hammond pulled no rabbits from his fiscal hat when he delivered his Autumn Statement on November 23rd. But he did offer up a carrot, when he recycled an old Labour proposal to ban the fees that property-letting agents can charge tenants.菲利普·哈蒙德在11月23日的秋季预算报告中没有提出什么令人惊喜的方案，但他重提了一项旨在禁止房屋租赁中介向租客收取费用的旧工党议案，这的确是一个诱惑。文章开头的两个句子写得很有意思，短短一个句子里面用了两处习语，一处是 pulled no rabbits from his fiscal hat, 另一处是 no rabbits from his fiscal hat 来自习语 pull a rabbit out of a hat, 就像魔术师从帽子中变出小白兔一样，它的含义是“突然提出解决方法；突施妙计”。carrot 则来自短语 carrot and stick, 即我们常说的“胡萝卜加大棒（把承诺的奖赏与威胁性的惩罚结合在一起的软硬兼施的做法）”，carrot 在语境中的含义是“诱惑，奖励”。 下面的段落来自文章 Out of the doghouse, 文章介绍了目前随着共享经济而兴起的为宠物狗提供犬舍的共享服务。文中很多地方用词很有特色，例如：Now a pack of startups has sniffed a fresh opportunity. Much as Airbnb has offered travellers an alternative to staying in a hotel, two firms, Rover and DogVacay, want to give pet owners an alternative to kennels when away from home.创业公司嗅到了为外出的宠物狗提供犬舍服务的商机，这里不是写 find/get/seize/grasp a fresh opportunity, 而是使用了一个与文章主题非常贴切的词 sniff（如同宠物狗一般嗅到了机会）, 这样用词无疑更加具有感染力。在文末也可以找到另外一个例子：Despite having anticipated the trend early, such firms may never achieve the same scale as an Airbnb. But then no one ever said it was easy to be top dog.文末用 top dog 来指代这些创业公司中的佼佼者，这也与文章主题形成呼应。在写问题解决类话题时我们经常会碰到这样的表达：……导致了……问题，对于这类情形，可以参考下面两个句式：Two long-standing structural problems are largely to blame: understaffing and overcrowding.句式基本结构为：...are largely to blame...，例如在关于健康的话题里面，我们可以写：As to rising obesity rate, two factors are to blame: too much exposure to fast food and sedentary lifestyles. The proliferation of fast-food chains offers a great variety of quick meals that are high in salt and calories, and having such foods contributes to people's bulging waistline. Desk-bound work also does its bit. As office workers spend long hours sitting in front of computer screens and are constantly stressed by deadlines and work challenges, they seldom have time for physical exercise, and this could lead to the accumulation of fatty substances in blood vessels.这里还有另外一个句型：The obvious culprit for rising prices is the 15% drop in sterling since June. Britain imports nearly all of its clothes, and month-on-month inflation in clothing now exceeds 5%. 句式的基本结构是：The obvious culprit for...is... 其中 culprit 是一个很好用的词，它的本义是“过失者，责任人”，可以引申为“问题的起因”。举个例子，关于犯罪与法律的话题可以说：The obvious culprit for rising crime rate in large cities is economic recession. As economic climate deteriorates, many companies have to scale down their workforce to save costs, and it is young people who bear the brunt of unemployment. In the face of this, some youngsters may turn to crime such as burglary, kidnapping and drug trafficking, the effects of which could destabilize the economy further.
目前还没有哪个app可以看，可以在网址上搜索：
此外：
《经济学人》（英文名：The Economist，中文名又叫：经济学家）于1843年在英国伦敦建刊，以独立和全球化的视角著称。《经济学人》每周四晚上在世界六个地方同步印刷，每周六全球同步出版，同时于当天晚些时候在网上更新最新一期的内容，4-5期/月。《经济学人》是一本完全国际化期刊，其中80%的发行量来自英国之外。 自建刊以来，《经济学人》一直秉承其创建者James Wilson的办刊原则。在创刊计划书中James Wilson写到：“我们真诚的相信，自由贸易和自由交往在全世界传播文明和道德的作用是其他任何现有的媒介无法比拟的” 。但杂志的第三任主编Walter Bagehot才是使《经济学人》杂志发扬光大的人。他使杂志的触角向政治问题延伸。现在，《经济学人》的文章不仅涉及时势、商业、金融和经济，还涉及到科学、技术和艺术。无论主题是什么，《经济学人》的独立、坦率、简练和尊重事实的品质使其与众不同。 《The Economist》字体底色鲜红，客观公正是《经济学家》杂志的的生命所在。公司的构成禁止任何组织或个人获得杂志半数以上的持股权。该杂志所有的文章都不署名，皆由集体创作，就象它的主编们认为的那样：写出什么样的东西，比出自谁的手笔更重要。 《经济学人》文章除了一些我们不熟悉的题材外，其中的大多数文章写得机智、幽默、有力度。这些优点是任何一家英文主流报刊所不能比拟的。只要你有4000左右的词汇量，读起来都不会有太多的不适应感。官方网址为：。另外，最重要的是历年考研英语阅读真题很多文章来自《经济学人》杂志，这点对要参加考研词友而言太关键了。点击下载：2007年07月21日《经济学人》The Economist原版英文杂志下载注意： 1、以上内容每周一定时更新，更多内容请到这里去下载。 2、以上文件都是PDF格式，需要Adobe Reader 以上版本才能打开，如果打不开说明你的版本太低，点击这里下载Adobe Reader 最新版本！
人生太短暂了，人生让我们领悟的哲理太多了，下面就是我给大家整理的人生哲理优美小 文章 ，希望大家喜欢。
人生哲理优美小文章一：人生该怎么诠释?
我们时常会感觉到心累，只是自己想得太多。我们总说生活烦烁，其实是自己不懂得品味。我们时常业务繁忙，只是自己得不到满足。我们也总是争强好胜，其实是自己虚荣心太强。
每一次，看到别人通过自己的努力在某一方面取得了一定的成就，获得了一些意想不到的辉煌，那时、我们或多或少都会有一些羡慕和嫉妒，可能我们就会努力地展现、发挥自己，想证明别人能做到的自己也能做到，自己也能象别人那样独出心裁。
每一次，当我们剩下独自一人，被冷落在某一角落过着那种三点一线生活的时候，我们总是抱怨着现实生活有多么的乏味，每一天、每一刻，都消沉得难以寻味。也许、只是我们都太随波逐流，难以做到众人皆罪我独醒，只知道一味地追求所谓的刺激，从而忘却了安静带给我们的愉悦，很多时候，我们只能是在安静乃至夜深人静的时候才能激荡出往日那些耐人寻味的片段，才能拥有那种安静带来的无穷想像和灵感。
每一次，当我们在生活中遭受到了难以预料的挫折，我们也总是会怒诉现实太无奈，叹服自己的命运被捉弄。其实、每一段坎坷又何尝不是一种考验呢?人生犹如那崎岖的山路，本来就是凹凸不平的，不一样的路程我们就要用不一样的方式去踏赴。
每个人都有一个年少轻狂的年龄阶段，那时、对生活一无所知的我们总是模仿着别人那些勾心斗角的迷惘举措，本是单纯无隐的我们也随着世俗的蛊惑变得心怀不诡、心机深厚，迷途不返的我们把自己的放纵当成是一种理所当然的作风，随意放荡。
后来、我们长大了，曾经那些被我们默认为真理的迷途怪论也彻底支离破碎，因为我们都亲身经历了，而我们只是在种.种励练中成长了，由最初的不现实溶入了现实的社会，也推翻了那些封建里的思想。
有人说，人生下来就应该好好的活着。我认为、我们应该为自己而活，不被世俗所左右，哪怕只是一颗卑微的小草，没有盆景花朵那般昂贵，但我们依然有属于自己的那片开阔天地，仍然会有供我们自由成长的那片阳光。
树大招风，一棵树它可以长到一定的高度，可以掩盖一定的面积，但它要是过于壮大，那就会显得非常显眼，当狂风到来的时候，矮小一点的树木便起到了相互扶持的作用，而那棵高大威猛的大树却只能独自抵挡，最终、枝断叶落，丧失了往日的繁华。
人亦是如此，有些人总是满足不了自己的贪婪，不论是在哪一方面，好象都习惯了得寸进尺、把适可而止当成是不求上进，到最后往往会前功尽弃。
辟如爱情，好象越单纯的人到最后越能得到幸福，单纯的人懂得知足、容易满足，也绝非把感情当成儿戏，所以、他们适可而止了，也幸福了。
相反那些玩世不恭，马马虎虎的人，他(她)们的爱情总是那么伧促，一波未平、一波又起，经历得多了也就麻木了，也许、再也捕捉不到真诚的甜蜜。
面对未来，如果生活促使我们必须要作出一个选择，那我一定会选择小草般的生活方式，迎着微弱的残阳，捍卫那份属于自己的理想天地。
人生哲理优美小文章二：人生太短暂，去疯去梦去追寻
上中学的时候，我们的语文课本上有道题：鲁迅先生写过“我的院子里有两棵树，一棵是枣树，另一棵还是枣树”，这句话反映了鲁迅先生的什么心情?
我有个朋友叫老罗，当年念到这儿就退学了，他说：“我怎么知道鲁迅先生写第二自然段时到底是怎么想的，可是教委知道，还有个标准答案。”
我另一个朋友冯唐，找了一个黑店，那儿卖教师参考用书，黄皮儿的。那书不应该让学生有，但他能花钱买着，书中写着标准答案—“这句话代表了鲁迅先生在敌占区白色恐怖下不安的心情”。他就往卷子上一抄。
老师对全班同学说：“看，只有冯唐同学一个人答对了。”
老罗和冯唐把背标准答案的时间省下来，都早早地干了自己喜欢的事。我属于第三种，没办法脱离又没勇气反抗。课堂上安分守己，一声不出，但什么也听不进去，低头在纸上乱写乱画，考试时对鲁迅先生瞎揣摩一气，卷子上打着红叉发下来。
时间长了，被动消极，每天最后一个到学校，第一个走。
那时候山西的小县城还一片僵冻，离开学校无处可去，没有公交车，没有店铺，没有大排档，没有书报亭。有一个红星电影院，但只有在学校组织看爱国电影时才能进。这里算全城的文娱中心，几个老人坐着小马扎在电影院门口晒太阳，怀里搂着小孩儿。没有猫狗这样的宠物，小孩拿根绳牵着田鼠走来走去，它用后脚站着，前脚端着干馒头吃。电影院门口摆着两个开裂的 台球 案子，五毛钱打一个小时，有几个小混混，嘴角斜叼着烟，呛得眯起眼，冷风里猴着身子打球，军大衣领子尖竖着，衣角拖在地上磨得黑亮。他们追逐女生时粗糙又凶狠，毫无浪漫之感。
除了这些“闲人”，大家都待在单位—这个形容流水线上产品的数量词，人人嵌在其中。我父母都在“”中辍学，受尽动荡之苦，觉得进不了单位就会变成残次品似的让人恐惧。他们希望我将来能考上大学的财务会计专业， 毕业 分配进铁路局。邻居们都说这工作好，不用风吹雨淋，只要算盘打得快，胳膊上一副蓝袖套，稳稳当当一辈子，还能坐火车不花钱。为了能让我这样生活，父母以他们的方式保护我—课外书是“闲书”，不能看;晚饭时可以看全国统一转播的新闻节目，因为里面可能会有考试内容，在我看来，这还不如看新华字典有意思—起码有些汉字长得挺好看的。我吃饭举着工具书看，遭到了表扬，我妈让我妹向我学习。
我对这种生活没什么情绪，因为即便给我自由，我也不知道要干什么。
高中时，我妈买了一台红灯牌收录机让我学英语。短波能收到台湾电台，家里没人的时候，我就守着听“亚洲之声”“中广流行网”。主持人吴瑞文、谢德莎、沈琬、林贤正、李丽芬、陈乐融……我不知道这些名字我写得对不对，但隔了二十年，写下每个名字的时候，我还能听到他们的声音，他们是我的朋友。有一期节目，沈琬说一个叫黄家驹的人当天意外去世了，播放了他的歌《关心永远在》，她说：“人生在世就要珍惜，因为我们不知道下一分下一秒会在哪里。”说的时候她哭了。
我当时不知道黄家驹是谁，她说得也没什么出奇，寻常情理，但打动了我，那之前没有成年人用这种方式对我说过话。
我第一次想到，原来一个职业可以是这样的。原来，传播是人做的，做的一切都是为了人。
半年后，我考上了铁道学院财务会计专业，干了人生里第一件主动的事—到湖南省电台去找工作。领导把我打发走了，因为要当主持人必须学过播音，由国家分配。回到学校，我用磁带录制了一期节目，名字抄袭陈乐融的《另一种声音》，又去了电台，一个叫尚能的主持人听了五分钟，说：“今天晚上在我节目里播。”他没去征求领导同意，就这么做了。
就这样，我进入了传播行业，直到现在。
人生哲理优美小文章三：换一种思路走得更远
人生的旅途不会永远都是行走在黑暗当中，它有缝隙，会有阳光照进来。你能否看得见光，关键在于你有没有睁开眼睛，我们要学会珍惜我们生活的每一天。因为，这每一天的开始，都将是我们余下生命之中的第一天。做人要能屈能伸，在逆境中，困难和压力逼迫身心，这时节应懂得一个“屈”字。在顺境中，幸运和环境皆有利于我，这时节当懂得一个“伸”字。人太刚强，遇事就会不顾后果，易受挫折;人太柔弱，遇事就会优柔寡断，坐失良机。捆硬柴火要用软绳，换一种思路，会走得更远，灵活地拐个弯，就不会被扼杀。
人生不能靠心情活着，而要靠心态去生活，低调做人，就是用平和的心态来看侍世间一切。出头的椽子先烂，韬光养晦才不会作无谓的抗争。做事不可强出头，多做几次换位思考，改变态度，就能改变问题。暂时让一步，就不会被压垮，留一步，让三分，能屈能伸才是大丈夫，弯曲不是曲意逢迎、辱没人格。当我生病时，我发现健康是最重要的;饥饿时，我发现温饱最重要的;离开人世时，我发现时间是最重要的。然而，当我不在人世时，却发现什么都很重要，什么都不重要!“祸起于须臾之不忍”。“好汉宁吃眼前亏”，目的是为了留得青山，要以吃眼前亏来换取其他的利益，如果因为不吃眼前亏而蒙受巨大的损失或灾难，甚至把生命都弄丢了，那还有什么意义呢?
人生的转折很多时候是有预谋的，我们在不停寻找一个开始的时候，其实它早已经把虚掩的一扇门推开了一个小缝，等待你看见那丝透过来的阳光。阳光从人生的缝隙中照进来，但愿发芽的是希望。屈伸有度，才是真正的强者。伤心时，我发现快乐最重要的;失恋时，我发现恋爱最重要的;穷困时，我发现金钱最重要的。一旦时机到了，他就能如同水底潜龙冲腾而起，施展才干，创建功业。所以说，吃“眼前亏”是为了不吃更大的亏，是为了获得更长远的利益和更高的目标。在顺境中把握当下是一种功夫，在逆境中活在当下更是一种境界，固执己见，容易进入死角，产生心理压力，增添身心包袱。
做人弯曲有道，审时度势，识时务者为俊杰。弯曲是博大包容的胸怀，多一物多一心，少一物少一念，要懂得适可而止曲则全，枉则直，洼则盈。一个身怀忍功的圣徒，以其博大如海的胸襟、百折不挠的韧劲、超凡脱俗的心性面对现实、屏弃一切私欲，容天下难容之人，忍常人难忍之事，伟岸挺拔。那不是神仙，却是我们大家。
弯腰是一种成熟的标志，弓越弯才能射得越远。敢于低头是大勇，放低姿态，你会飞得最高。弯腰说话更有效;主动低头才有抬头日，只有饱满的谷穗才会低下头来先表现出低人一等的姿态。当你确认忍的本意，懂得了忍的价值，你就可以做到忍苦耐劳，忍饥挨饿、忍气吞声，忍辱负重，最终便会成为一个有大作为的人，一个真正人。
“福兮祸所伏，祸兮福所依。”“物极必反，盛极必衰”。“水满则溢，月盈则亏。”这些古训蕴涵着深刻的人生哲理。无论你地位多高，做人都要始终保持低调，不可张扬。民谚“人狂没好事”，说的就是这个道理。做人要能屈能伸。能屈能伸，刚柔并济，当刚则刚，当柔则柔，屈伸有度，才是真正的强者。人们常说“忍字头上一把刀”这把刀让你痛，也会让你痛定思痛;这把刀可以削平你的锐气，也可以雕琢出你的勇气。小不忍则乱大谋，只要我们仍然身处在种.种算计和争斗之中，有些纷扰就永远不会结束。有人说，忍耐就是一种妥协。其实，妥协不是简单地让步，而是在知己知彼的基础上达成了一种共识。
一位智者说：“人生不同的结果起源于不同的心态。”的确，假如世界变得灰暗，那是你自己心中不够灿烂。只要降低一份欲望，你便会得到一份幸福。“忍之所不能忍，方能为人所不能为。”看似英雄、心气冲天的人其实是莽夫一个;而“忍气吞声、宁吃眼前亏”的人才是真正的好汉。这样的忍耐不是屈服，而是退让中另谋进取;不是逆来顺受、甘为人奴，而是委小屈求大全。不管是生活还是工作，妥协都不仅仅是为了“家和万事兴”、“安定团结”，而且还隐藏着一种坚持，这种坚持实际上就是一种坚定的决心。变通是弯曲的艺术，适时弯曲，弹性生存。欲往高处走，先在低处留，换个角度，你将获得意外的收获。
处变而不惊;推拖有度，别做强上架的鸭子，弯曲是对成功厚积薄发的积累。学会绕道而行，舍弃眼前的诱惑，才有最后的辉煌。淡化利欲之心，方能得到一切。失亦得，吃亏也能受益，好汉宁吃眼前亏。圣人之道，为而不争，输得起，才能赢得了。一粒细沙就扎到脚，一粒小石子就扎到心，面对事情当然就担当不下去。不能低头的人是因为一再回顾过去的成就。看淡自己是般若，看重自己是执着。忘我，才能于修身养性中，造就身心的健康以及幸福的人生观。
人生哲理优美小文章四：观念一转，天高地远
一个人无论多么乐观，都会有或多或少的烦恼，没有烦恼的人，这个世上应该还没有吧。那么，烦恼是从何而来呢?生活就象万花筒，不断的变化，一些与我们有关联的人和事，在不断发生着，总有一些事不是我们所希望的，总有一些人不是我们所想象的，我想这样，他为什么那样，不对了自己的心思，于是，烦恼就来了。
《呻吟语》上说，人的大罪过就只四个字：自是，自私。的确是这样，人一旦有了过错，总是在 其它 方面找原因，不是怨天，就是尤人，怪张三，怨李四，自己的不痛快，好象都是人由他人带来的，是他人惹的祸，从不想自己哪里做的不够好，自己是不是不识人，不知人。于是，怨恨恼怒烦，人生五毒丸，就在心中产生了，他们象毒草一样，在心内潜滋暗长，在五脏六腑内兴风作浪，吞噬着我们健康的身体，腐蚀着我们清静的心灵，久而久之，由量变发展到质变，毒性发作了，疾病叩门了。所以说，凡病都是由心中不平造成的，没气就没病。
但是，如何做到心平气和呢?这就得看你的修养功夫了。王风仪老先生让人学着找自己的不是，学着认错，也就是忏悔，不是争理，这是消除烦恼的良药，是明智之举。他用此法不知治愈了多少人的不治之症，这 方法 是那么灵验，简直是不可思议。他的意思是，治病先化性，性化了，心通了，气顺了，身体的病也就好了。性是什么，性就是德，德长天命长，阴命消，这番道理听了让人很是开窍。一个人如果心里总是有怨有恨，眼睛老是盯着他人的过错，耿耿于怀，愤愤不平，哪有不生病的，你怨人，人怨你，两相伤，没有赢家，都是生活的败者。找自己的不是，你恕人，人恕你，两相让，两欢喜，何乐而不为?找自己的不是，不但放开了他人，更主要的，是放开了自己，给自己的心灵减压，没有了负累，身心轻松，宁静，心情豁朗，五脏六腑运转正常，精神内守，病从安来?
理虽是这样，但并不是每个人都能做到。知与行之间还有一段很大的距离。《孟子》篇说：“爱人不亲，反其仁;治人不治，反其智;礼人不答，反其敬，行有不得者皆反求诸已”。如此反复检讨自己，仍然找不出自己的过错，那你就明白了，原来，这个人是个疯子。既然是疯子，你还理他干什么?好比一条狗咬了你一口，你还要追着打它吗，如果你打赢了，人家说，你比狗能;如果你和狗不分胜负，人家说你和狗一样，如果你打输了，人家说你还不如狗能。这话听着不中听，话粗理不粗，真是这么个理。人与人，脾气不同，性格各异，胸襟，气度，修养更不相同，正所谓林子大了，什么鸟儿都有，如果真的有人对你很无礼，让你忍无可忍，你就可以用这句话劝慰自己，他是疯子，你又何必与一个疯子斤斤计较，睚眦必报呢?那可笑的不是疯子，而是你自己了。
观念一转，天高地远。你想走到大山脚下，山不过来，你就过去，山不转水转，水不弯船弯，改变不了事情，就改变对事情的看法，换一个角度去思考，或者就会从山重水复，到柳岸花明了，所有的问题都不是问题，对问题的看法才是根本的问题，老找他人的过错，钻牛角尖，就会把自己逼到一个死胡同，人生就只有苦了。不见他人非，只见自己过，就会心平气和。只看他人好，找好处，就都是恩人，有了一棵感恩的心，哪里还有怨，有恼，有嗔?果能如此，快乐还用找么?她就如大地的小草，春风一到，田园旷野，旮旯犄角，遍地芳草，果能如此，生活是多么幸福，人生是多么美好。
人生哲理优美小文章五：感悟于纷呈的世相中
和朋友的通话，让我的心情久久不能平静，我似乎只有写点什么，才对得起自己的良心，否则，我将寝食难安，心神不定，永无安日。
当刻骨铭心、魂牵梦绕的真情，一旦蒙上了猜忌、不信任和由此而导致的冷漠的色调，心中有的第一感觉便是：屈辱、愤懑和悲哀，并随之而来的决定，曾无数次作出的决定：此生不再理他。我们就是这样在无数次赌气和冷漠中慢慢老去的，这是我们的性格所致，此生不会更改。
对于他，我并没有什么过高的奢望，和年轻时一样，至多，是比一般同学稍近的好同学，而现在，连一般也已不曾做到。此生为之不止一次的努力过，但都一次次的幻化为泡影，既然最低限度的一点要求都难以实现，我还敢奢望什么呢?理解?友谊?还是真情?一切都已不重要了。
我知道，我们之间真是应了那句话：因为爱过，所以不是敌人，因为伤过，所以不是朋友。就让我们在既不是敌人又不是朋友的状态和因心生怨气而致的赌气及冷漠状态下，慢慢变老吧。这不是人力所能为的，我已理解为前世埋下的怨种，今生必纠缠不清，既然纠缠不清，就放在那里不去纠缠，免得让人家缓过一时，突然又觉得上当，真情被践踏，又一次次的耿耿于怀，又一次次的改变态度，这样就不好玩了。
红尘陌上，有朋友好，有真情相倾的朋友抑或红尘知己更好。然而，这当是可遇不可求的，既然缘分不到，何必单方面苦苦追求，谁的人生没有遗憾?我们不过是平凡得不能再平凡的人，为什么偏生要去追求所谓的完满，那样奢侈的人生是我们这等平凡之人望尘莫及的，我们所拥有的也只是平平凡凡实实在在的生活，浪漫不属于我们。
世相迷离，我们常常在如烟的世海中丢失自己，而凡尘缭绕的烟火总呛得你我不敢自由呼吸，为什么要刻意去要求别人呢?千帆过尽，回首当年，那份纯净和梦想早已渐行渐远，如今岁月给我们留下的，只是满目荒凉，满心的空落，今天如此重提此事，也只是喂养一下所谓的寂寥和滋润一下将要老去的心房，如此而已。
每个人来到世上，都是匆匆过客，与之邂逅，便是奢侈，应转身忘记，何必回首，去做那懂情之人，到末了弄得身心疲惫，伤痕累累，体无完肤。
众生纷繁，既然懂得，就要活得清醒，活得逍遥，活得洒脱，缚着心神，有何益处?放下是最好的办法，你解脱，我解脱，大家都解脱。
一个开始不信宿命的人，日子过得久了，春来秋去，花开花谢，反复的多了，变得从此相信了命定之说，我们之间便是如此。
终于明白，有些路，只能一个人走，山和水可以两两相忘，日和月可以毫无瓜葛，与之相比我们又算得了什么。相约再好的人，即使一同相伴雨季，走过年华，但终有一天会在某个渡口离散，那时候，不还是一个人的浮世清欢，一个人的细水长流?
人生从少年到青年到中年，再从中年到老年直到暮年，暮年便进入黄昏之年了，虽然短暂但是很美，就像太阳快落山的夕阳。很多经典的哲理短文，会让我们更好的看见人生的意义以及真实。下面是我为大家整理的经典的人生哲理短文，希望您喜欢!
人生在世，求生、求钱、求权、求欢乐、求健康长寿……凡尘俗世，芸芸众生，谁人无欲无愿，又有谁能逃离了烦恼。生命中不如意事十有八九，要学会超越，烦恼时不必倾诉，不必让别人分担你的痛苦，要自己化解。烦恼的人一定是寡欢抑郁，做什么事都没有心情，把痛苦写在脸上，让别人看吗?看你烦恼，有人同情，有人笑话，只有在充实的忙碌中让烦恼消失。
面临烦恼，常想一二，不思八九。因为，人生不如意事常八九，我们生命里不如意的事占了绝大部分，因此活着本身是痛苦的，但扫除八九成的不如意，至少还有一二成是如意的、快乐的、欣慰的事情，我们如果要过快乐人生，就要常想那一二成好事，这样就会感到庆幸、懂得珍惜，不至于被八九成的不如意打倒了。
每个人在人生漫长的旅途中往往是悲欢交集，要学会在顺境逆境中遇事均泰然处之，要有勇气面对现实，就能在困境中绝处逢生。屋小如舟，心宽似海，天大的事能够拿得起放得下。
不论是谁，在人生的道路上，有时总难免身陷逆境一时又无力扭转面临的颓势，那么，最好的选择就是暂且忍耐。事物总是不断的运动和变化，在忍耐中等待命运转折的时机。学会忍耐，就是学会不做蠢事，就是学会不做那些一时痛快，后来又终身后悔不已的事。纵横正有凌云笔，踏平坎坷向天歌。
人生在世有两难：登天难，求人更难;有两苦：黄连苦，贫穷更苦;有两薄：春冰薄，人情更薄;有两险：江湖险，人心更险。要知其难，守其苦，耐其薄，测其险，则可以处世。
人生，难也好，苦也好，薄也好，险也好，谁都不能仃下来，非往前走不可。在追求的途中，尤其在重大的失败之后，我们往往找不到前进的方向，看不到灿烂的阳光。此时，是沉沦还是奋斗?这是磨炼我们的意志，锻炼我们一步一步地走向成熟的过程。
拥有希望的人，心灵的土地上布满了绿洲;缺少希望的人，心灵的土地便会荒凉。无论身陷怎样逆境，人都不应该绝望，因为前面还有许多明天。
悲观的人，在希望中仍是失望，乐观的人在失望中仍是希望。经不起风雨，长不成参天的大树。走不出自我的小圈子，找不到温暖的泉源。身处逆境，只有靠沉着、乐观、坚韧，才能冲出逆境，到达光明的彼岸。
确实，人生难得一乐;也确实，人生悲苦很多。大千世界，不同心绪的人有不同的表现。不管怎样人生的境界，应该是欢愉的，不管得意也罢，失意也罢，都应该看到世界的美好，看到前途的光明，看到氛围的和谐。大石挡路，勇者视为前进的阶梯，弱者视为前进的障碍。
人生能得一知己足矣。常言道：“万两黄金容易得，天下知己最难求;春风满面皆朋友，欲觅知己难上难。”说明世上最难得到的是知己。我觉得世间什么都能通过努力而得到目的，惟有知己难求。
恩德相结者，谓之知己;腹心相照者，谓之知心;声气相投者，谓之知音。所谓知己——更通俗一点来说，就是通心者也，心能相通是世界上最难做到的事情，俗话说：知人知面不知心，说的就是通心的问题。心是看不见，摸不着的，就是天天、时时在一起也未必就能相通，难就难在通字上，心能通者：幸福也。
通心者还要有缘分，不是跟谁都能通过努力达到的，而且是双方都有要有这个感觉，这是何等的难事啊!单相思是徒劳的，只会痛苦，被别人想是幸福的，但也不能到达通心的目的。缘分这个微妙的东西说起来很旋乎的，有点唯心的想法，我很相信缘分的，最起码没有缘分是不能成为知己的。
许多夫妻在一起生活了很多年，心都有未必相通，他们在一起只是为了维系家庭和抚养下一代，很可悲的。通心者有一条是必备的，那就是：理解!要站在对方的立场上想问题、思考问题，要正确地面对对方曾犯过的过错，得饶人处且饶人，不能得理不饶人，这在一般人、凡人来说是很难做到的。我只能做到以诚待人，将心比心，与人相处，以诚为本，宁可人负我，绝不我负人，诚为万事之本。
人生几十年，酸甜苦辣咸，各种滋味都有，故称“百味人生。”人生的道路是曲折的复杂的，有些是正常人也预想不到的，这其中包括：理想、事业、家庭、和个人生活。当然，人生前进的道路上，难免会遇到这样那样的问题和挫折。人生道路，漫长而坎坷，重要的是要能主宰自己。生命是一首歌，吟唱着人生悲喜交加的苦乐年华，只要你勇敢的面对人生，不停的去探索适应，才能够在这个社会上很好生存。
人生的旅途，总是蜿蜒曲折坎坷不平的，当恶运向你袭来的时候，最要紧的是要有宽广的胸怀，远大的理想，顽强的意志和坚韧不拨的毅力，用笑脸去面对现实，用微笑去对待生活。鲁迅曾说过：伟大的心胸，应该表现出这样的气概——用笑脸来迎接悲惨的厄运，用百倍的勇气来应付一切的不幸。身处逆境应该象雪中的青松，隆冬的红梅，重霜下的秋菊，那样在逆境中奋起，在逆境中成材。
人的一生不可能平坦如意，真正走过平坦人生之路的人，可能是平庸的。而一个有为的人，他的道路多半是曲折的，挫折可以成为内驱力的一种源泉。
乐观的人，他不管遇到什么困难，什么苦楚，什么意外，从不悲观，从不灰心，从不失志，总是顽强地在逆境中拼搏，在坎坷中迈进。总是坦坦然然，快快乐乐地历经人生的里程。
根本不必回头去看咒骂你的人是谁?如果有一条疯狗咬你一口，难道你也要趴下去反咬他一口吗?人生就是要坚定不移的往前走。不后悔，不放弃。下面是我为你整理的关于人生哲理文章600，希望对你有用!
关于人生哲理文章600字1:“害怕”只是一个过程
我的耳边吹过刺骨的风，心中不由得升起一种感觉：那就是害怕。漆黑的夜晚，漫长的田野小路上我独自骑车疯狂的走在回家的路上，我的心一遍又一遍的告诉自己不害怕!可是当我经过一片坟地时，我的心不由的加快了跳跃的速度，眼睛时不时的往坟地里多看两眼，脑海里顿时浮现出我看过的各种鬼故事。我好害怕“鬼附身”，我心里又告诉自己那只是一种迷信。但是我不由得加快了骑车的速度，好想马上到家!但是路还是需要一步一步走完的，现在感觉这条路是那样的长，好像走不到路的尽头。我的表面是平静的，心中却是害怕的!总算看到了胜利的曙光，我的心放松了一点。当到达光亮之处，心中充满了喜悦。
其实生活中有很多我们不敢去尝试的第一次，但是你不去尝试，你得不到那种发自内心深处的喜悦，你永远战胜不了另一个自己。可能会有人说：我失败了，怎么办?我害怕失败，所以我不去挑战我不敢做的事情。如果你这么想就错了，世上没有只有成功的一生，也没有只有失败的一生。人的一生总会有挫折，在你面对你没有做过的事情时，你退缩了，说明你很懦弱!如果你选择了去挑战，去战胜，即使你失败了，你也会感到自信的。因为你去做了，失败了可以总结经验从头再来!正如歌词里说的“不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹，没有人能随随便便成功”。
在我看来害怕只是人生中的一种借口，战胜害怕只是需要一个过程，过程的长短是需要你自己去定义。古今中外有很多名人，他们也不是一出生就是成功人士的。他们的成功也是需要一步一步脚踏实地的走出来的，他们也害怕过，也失败过。但是他们在害怕面前并没有退缩，而是去战胜!人们看到的永远是属于他们的辉煌的人生，人们永远看不到的是辉煌人生的背后。
我们可以把在每一个第一次中的害怕，看成生活中的另一个自己。你不可能让懦弱的自己同时存活在世界上，那样你会招来嘲笑与讽刺的，所以你要去消灭那个懦弱的自己。这个过程就是你慢慢走向成功的一步。
总而言之，害怕只是一个过程，过程的长短只是需要你自己慢慢的去斟酌。过程中可能充满刺激，失败等等，但是我希望每一个朋友都要去挑战这个过程，永远记住“不经历风雨怎能见彩虹”。
关于人生哲理文章600字2:向生活，致敬
或许我长大了，不在是孩子了。我不知道忽然之间为什么会有这种感觉。生活这东西实在不好玩，他给了我太多，又让我失去了太多，特别是这一年，让我感觉心力憔悴。 而我依然保持着最最真实的微笑，来面对所有人，我希望保持乐观，却不自然地在这个世界上存在着。
向生活，致敬 三岁那年，被父母诱去别人家寄养，似乎在那个记忆里，最深刻的就是晚上躲在被窝里偷偷地哭，一直哭到睡着。还有那小小的墙院，出去半步就会被叫唤，承载我所有童年记忆的地方。那时候，我可以在院子里一个人玩泥巴一天，也可以一个人自言自语地过家家。关于童年，我只能浮现这么多。孤独，也是我童年的代名词。
十年后，因为叛逆不羁，开始混世，浑浑噩噩的生活着。打架，赌博，成了我那个年代的标志。被人看不起，被老师冷落，被别人嘲笑，被别人排挤。最后在寄养的人家里呆不下去，被赶回家。那时父母不信任我，我中途辍过学，被父母逼去挑砖块。做过苦力，还有被父母打烂的身子。那个时候，被人打过，也常打别人。被公安局传唤过，也做过笔录，被人砍过，也敲过别人。直到后来，父母不管我，老师放弃我，同学避开我，因为父亲一次偶然的关心，让我决定改邪归正，改变就是从那个时候开始的。我还真实的写下了一篇文章《别了，夫堂》来祭奠我黑暗的初中。我有时候会感慨，甚至遗憾，为什么我就不能像别人的孩子一样，简简单单地生活，和父母在一起。
直到后来，我才明白，父母对我的爱，我试着理解父母，在高三努力学习，虽然被我荒废了两年的高中，但我依然保持着乐观。就是从那个时候起，我变得沉默寡言，变得安静起来。 关于结果，我不想多说。我努力过，也没有什么好遗憾。
去年，我毕业了。
到了大学，才发现自己并没有想象的那么坚强。独自一人在外面，或许离家太远了，才知道家的感觉。我始终坚持一句话，人可以平凡，但不能平庸。我努力奋进。我很能吃苦，我总是让自己坚持再坚持，我努力赚钱，很节约，非常节约。我上大学没有再要过父母一分钱，尽管父母很担心。
军训的时候，我没有去，独自一人在城市里徘徊，跑遍了大街小巷，寻找一份合作。直到今天，我仍然佩服自己当时的勇气。很感谢一些人，可能出于欣赏或是同情，给了我合作的机会，我赚了钱，给自己喜欢的人买了一套衣服，虽然很便宜。
在学校，我创过业，最后失败告终，我开过网店。别人总是客气的称呼我孙总，我知道，我也明白，这是讽刺，我仍然欣然接受，给他们最善良的微笑。很久以前，我就不对别人发火了。微笑，是我对待别人的方式。
三月，一个人离我而去，让我一蹶不振。我感觉再也爬不起来了，失去后才懂得珍惜，虽然我不认为是我的错，起码我是真诚的，但也感到惋惜。我开始游离这个世界，去了很多地方散心。想去唱歌，最终选择了放弃，心累了。但是，我一直很善良，很善良，还是会傻傻地付出与改变。
六月，我回家了。家里涨大水，仓库被淹没，损失惨重。面对汪洋，那种绝望的境界，我很坦然，我至今为我当时第一浮现的人不是父母而感到震惊，却是她，离我而去的人。我还是笑了，我希望笑能化解我的痛苦，却更加勉强了我的心情。
七月，我开了补习班。不断地问题让我感到沮丧，员工集体罢工，遭遇城管的管制，被别人恶性竞争 ，所有的难题我一个人都扛过来了。我没有想过去放弃什么，我只想去努力，去证明自己的强大。后来，她回来了，我没有计较她当初的离去，我很包容很坦然地去接受。给她最好的，尽我所能。努力为她改变，结果一句你问自己到底改变了没有，把我伤的很透彻，关于她，我用尽了心思，受够了委屈，但我还是不会去计较这些，只是有些害怕。
有时候，我可以为了节省几块钱，走很远的路。有时候，我可以用方便面打发自己，然后总是很小心的问她想吃什么，尽管现在她不是我的。我说过我能吃苦，我可以在大街上一个人拉板车运桌椅，我可以一个人烧饭菜给员工吃。两个补习班，来回奔波的路上从来没有买过一瓶矿泉水。我不知道是什么力量驱使我这么做，我只是觉得，我能吃苦，我可以对别人更好些。
对朋友，我也会大方些，不再去计较那些鸡毛蒜皮，我赚钱，该请客也都请了。我给外婆家买了空调，我给弟弟买了遥控飞机，给家里买了一台新的电脑。唯有答应给某人买iphone没有做到，我感到很愧疚。还有对浩亮同学，本来一起拍片子的，结果照顾不周，条件艰苦，希望见谅。
当然，我会继续努力。我对自己的要求，依然很低，我用父母用过的手机，我穿打折的衣服，我会走很长的路，我能吃最便宜的方便面，能睡地铺，能算计着每一次自己的开支。我会把弟弟一直带在身边，教他读书，给他烧饭。我并不是想把自己塑造的多伟大而这样对待自己，是因为生活因为现实，因为我的独立与要强，我必须这样做。
经济危机，玩具厂的衰落，父母依旧很忙，整日去外面追债。8月3日，父母吵架，以至于打架。母亲拿刀要杀要打，父亲因为憋屈在电话里哭的稀里哗啦。我做儿子的，连夜赶到他们身边。我不知道发生了什么，我很沮丧，但我还是试着坚强。我像哄儿子一样陪着爸爸，半夜去找离家出走的妈妈。我在路上边走边哭，边找边哭，我在怀疑自己，为什么要这样子拼命，本来我可以用父母的钱享受着大学的安逸生活。最后母亲被我找到，我们哭到一起。生活就像巧克力，你永远不知道下一颗的颜色。母亲后来走了，带上了所有的钱和银行卡，不接电话。
几十年的感情，真挚而又坎坷。
8月4日下午，我在某个角落，在某个人的怀里哭泣。
后来，我总是问父亲身边有没有钱，然后把自己的积蓄拿出一部分给父亲。我感觉和父亲相依为命，父亲的确是老了，憔悴了。好在后来母亲回来了，做儿子的也不用担心了。然后我把暑假剩余的时间交给了她，希望她能快乐，结果她总是很忙，总是让我感觉不真实地存在着，最后我也不再要求什么。
和朋友多年没见，聊天，我很羡慕这些学习好考上好的大学的朋友，我也很自卑地存在着，总感觉和他们不再是一个档次的人了。结果朋友开口说很敬佩我，我顿时感到心酸。从来不去抱怨什么，也从来不去厌恶什么，我一直信奉一句话，天将降大任于是人也，必先若其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身，行拂乱其所为，所以动心忍性，曾益其所不能。 生活给予了我太多的磨练，我选择了这样的生活，我本该厌恶，孤独陪伴我至今，我也受够了忍耐。但我今天在这里，向生活致敬，向自己致敬，也希望看过的人你我共勉。
向生活，再次致敬。
关于人生哲理文章600字3:没有伞的孩子必须努力奔跑
如果你碰到一个雨天，很大的雨，最要命的是你没有伞，你会怎么样，是努力奔跑?还是漫步雨中?这让我想起了一个表面上很有哲理的故事：有两个人在街上闲逛，突然天空下起了大雨，其中一个路人甲拔腿就跑，而路人乙却不为所动，还是坚持原来的步调，路人甲很是好奇的问：你为什么不跑呢?他回答说：为什么要跑，难道前面就没有雨了吗?既然都是在雨中，我又为什么要浪费力气去跑呢?路人甲哑口无言。
易地而处，你会是谁，是努力奔跑的路人甲?还是淡定如初的路人乙?他们两是谁错了?其实他们都没有错，他们唯一不同的只不过是人生的态度不同而已，其实人生并没有对错，每一步都是自己的选择，也会带来相应的结果，而不同之处就是在于，我们要为我们自己造成的结果负责而已，而这个结果就是我们的不一样的人生。
路人甲的人生相对是比较积极，他最后的结果可能也是全身湿透，和路人乙没有区别，但不同是他努力去争取了，他也可能会得到更好的结果，那就是衣服只是湿了一点，还可以继续穿，也不影响他正常的交际活动;而路人乙的人生态度就显得消极和堕落很多了，他对不努力奔跑的结果了如指掌，但是他选择了接受，你期待什么样的结果，你就会得到，你的心就是你想要的，所以路人乙湿身的可能性事百分百，他没有任何选择的余地。这就是他们的不同，路人甲还有机会，路人乙命中注定了悲剧，你认为你又是谁呢?
奔跑的路人甲意味着：没有后悔，没有抱怨，勇敢的面对，接受挑战，努力争取，无所畏惧，心中充满理想，对人生充满希望，懂得为自己创造机会，积极主动。
漫步的路人乙意味着：消极被动，逃避挑战，未战先输，忍让妥协，丧失机会，一眼可以望到头的人生，逆来顺受，不思进取等。
人生之所以存在不同，是因为我们的想法不同，是因为我们对机会和挑战的定义不同，是选择勇敢的面对，还是选择消极的逃避，就结果而言，我们不敢绝对的判断，但是这两种生活却告诉我们一个很明白的道理，第一种人还有希望，第二种人却只剩下失望。
佛说：预知前世因，今生受者是;预知来世果，今生做者是。
你今天得到的生活和成就，就是你昨天努力的结果;你明天想要的生活和成就，今天的努力和进取就是他们的决定因素。这就是佛家常说的因果报应，天理循环。
在现实生活中，绝大多数人如你我一样，都是没有伞却刚好碰到大雨的孩子，我们都很平凡，一如我们的父母一样，平凡到这个世界简直感觉不到我们的存在，那不是我们低调，而是我们没有高调的资本。
我们的老爸不是李嘉诚，也不是李刚，更不是TM 的托塔李天王，我们只是一个平凡生活中的张三李四，通常来说，老天爷对我们这些P民总是特别的“照顾”，我们在人生的路上碰到的雨都会比别人大一些，而很多牛逼过来的人告诉我们说这是老天爷在考验我们，叫做：“天降大任于斯人也，必先苦其心志，劳其筋骨，饿其体肤，空乏其身……”，于是我们还很高兴的去迎接每次挑战，去接受每一个让我们死去活来，刻骨铭心的考验，一次又一次，成功、失败如影相随，泪水和汗水交织体会，不是我们没有选择，只是我们选择了一条更难的的路，没有伞的孩子，我们选择了努力奔跑。
我们没有傲人的学历，更没有显赫的职业背景，就连供职过的企业也不过是不入流的小作坊，我们没有那些动不动开口就中英文都往外蹦的得瑟，我们更没有那些整天扛个笔记本电脑到处给别人放PPT的瞎屁，我们的每天都过得很平凡，但是我们在向着不平凡而努力。
有人告诉我说：人生要学会知足，但是不要轻易满足。
知足的人生会让我们体会到什么是幸福，什么东西才值得我们真心的去珍惜;而不满足会告诉我们，其实我们还可以做得更好，我们还可以更进一步，也许我们还有更大的机会，一如在雨中奔跑的孩子，我们的知足是我们至少还可以奔跑，这比起很多坐轮椅的人来说，无疑是世界上最幸福的事情了，但是我们不要满足于此，我们更希望有自己的一片晴空，我们努力的向前奔跑，奔向那片自由的天空。
奔跑不单是一种能力，更是一种态度，决定你人生高度的态度。
关于人生哲理文章600字4：变老的路上，渐渐懂得
罗曼罗兰说：世上只有一种英雄主义，就是在认清生活真相之后依然热爱生活。
人生如逆水旅，我们都不是勇者，年轻的时候，在跌跌撞撞中摸索着前行，逐渐走向成熟，待到懂得的时候，却已不再年轻了。
慢慢的知道，行走在尘世，最重要的是修炼自已的内心，让其变得强大起来，这样，无论风起雨落，潮来潮涌，都不会将它打的七零八落。
这一路上，有过迷茫，也有过坚持，但总能在峰回路转处，看到最美的风景。
如果把人生比做一幅画，主打色一定是我喜欢的金黄色，因为它有阳光的味道。
在变老的路上，看一切美好在路上绽放，记住那些曾给过我们温暖的人，感谢一点一滴，一枝一叶，让心中种满阳光和雨露，用心甘情愿的态度，来过随遇而安的生活，只要心中藏有春天，无论何时，都能绽放最美的笑颜。
人生百年，没有太多的时间可以挥霍，时光，总是匆匆，太匆匆，要学会珍惜。
在变老的路上，渐渐懂得，亲人，是一世的缘份，下辈子，无论爱与不爱，都不会再见，子欲孝而亲不待，多给父母些陪伴，便不会有憾;孩子是生命的延续，多给些关怀，便不会有悔;爱人是一生的相守，多给些温暖，便不会有怨。
我们每个人来到世上，都是为了爱而来的，只有付出爱了，才会有回报，因为爱，从来都是相互的。
都说幸福如饮水，冷暖自知，有些人，每天都在追逐幸福的路上，却从来也没有感觉到幸福的存在;有些人，懂得收集点滴的温暖和感动，便会与快乐同行。
幸福就是赠人的一朵花，眼前的一粥一饭，还有那些擦肩而过的笑脸，守着真诚和质朴，过简单的日子，其实幸福，一直都在。
每一天，我都是揣有怀想的，祈望，能有一颗明净的心，牵着一个人的手，闻满街市井，握一路懂得，看一行山水，让心绪安然。不再去想，那年巷子口走失的那个人，是否还会与我温柔相见;也不再去问，那树上开的花，是否还是去年的那一朵。
亦舒说，什么叫做理想生活?不用吃得太好穿得太好住得太好，但必须自由自在，不感到任何压力不做工作的奴隶，不受名利支配，有志同道合的伴侣，活泼可爱的孩子，丰衣足食，已经算是理想。
日子，带着平淡一天天远走，而我，只是默默相送，与光阴道着寻常，再执的人，有一天也会因岁月的无常而变得淡然若水，感谢时光，让我懂得，珍惜当下所有，变老的路上，看开，看淡，一切随缘。
关于人生哲理文章600字5：千万别因为图安逸而耽误了前程
有一份体面的工作，且轻松舒服，收入还高，这是当今不少年轻人羡慕和追求的工作生活状态。有的人甚至把它作为人生的终极目标，到处炫耀。
最近在网上看到一则评论，题目：时代抛弃你，连一声招呼都不会打。前段时间，市值1867亿美元，全球最大的企业软件公司甲骨文，因为裁员而站在了风口浪尖。按理来说，一个公司内部裁员不该有这么大的动静，可一裁就是900人，而且都是全国各大名校毕业的精英，
在被裁的中国研发区员工中，绝大多数都是37岁左右的工程师，年薪几十万甚至上百万。但如今，他们却只能拿着横幅，在街头喊着口号：“我们要工作!”“孩子要上学!”“为何下如此狠手!”可能你会觉得，这是一场针对中国员工的战争。但如果你真正了解这家公司你就会知道，被裁，恰恰是他们咎由自取。
甲骨文公司中国研发中心，被称为“北京最大的养老院。”这个拥有1600人的中国研发中心，一向以工作轻松著称。他们每年最多忙一两个月，主要的工作任务就是改Bug，上班不打卡，工作时间自由，甚至还可以申请在家办公。甲骨文公司待遇高福利好，如果能满5年，那么一周五天工作日都不必去公司上班，有些员工，甚至一年都见不到几次。即便是被裁了，他们也拿着N+6的赔偿，少则几十万，多则上百万。
在几百名甲骨文中国研发中心员工被裁后，包括阿里、百度、腾讯、华为在内的互联网巨头，纷纷为他们伸出橄榄枝。在园区内设置了专门的招聘专栏，并且举办了大型的专场招聘。可是，甲骨文员工的表现却让人大跌眼镜，大部分的人都未能通过第一轮的面试，有的即便过了面试，也在技术检测时，被刷了下来。
可要知道，甲骨文对研发人员的招聘门槛相当高：“必须在清华、北大、上交、复旦和北邮，这五所学校读过本科才有资格进，而同时又必须具备硕士学历。”但恰恰是这些名校毕业的学生，却表现出了能力欠缺的一面。
通过这两件事，我们似乎明白了一个道理：即便你曾经是一只战斗力极强的青蛙，在温水里面煮久了，也会慢慢死去。时代抛弃你，连声招呼都不会打。
“不同的职业，对社会的贡献是不一样的。”当你选择了接受高学历教育的时候，是不是应该为这个社会做出相应的贡献呢?