. Kotler: "Marketing Management", Shanghai People's Publishing House 2003 2. Ji: "Marketing Guide", published by Renmin University of China, 1989 3. Michael. Porter: "competitive advantage", Huaxia Publishing House 2001 4. Hoang steel made: "Marketing", the Shanghai Financial Publishing 2003 5. Tai Wang: "Marketing in China", Guangzhou Publishing House, 2001 Edition 6. Lan Ling, editor-in-chief "of Marketing", the Central Radio and Television University Press 7. Wu and: "Marketing", Shanghai University of Finance and Economics Publishing House 2002 xiaomin: "marketing case examples and analysis," Wuhan University Press, 1992 yunbo: "marketing strategy planning," China Business Press, 1994 10. Mr Chan Kin-ping, such as: "Planning and design planning book" The Chinese People's University Press .2002 11. Li: "planning Wang," Capital University of Economics Press, ,Armstrong Principles of Marketing (9th ed),prentice-Hall,inc,2001 13. Philip Kotler Marketing Management (10th ed), prentice-Hall,inc,2000 14. Payne, Peck,H.(1998)Relationship Mketing For －. Perreault, Marketing (12th ed),Richard D Irwin 1996 16. Warren Marketing Management (5th ed) prentice-Hall,inc,1995 17. Valued Prduct Attributes in an Emerging Market-A Comparison Between French and Malaysian Consumers 18. Executive Insights-Global Marketing Management-at the Dawn of the New Millennium 19. Global standardization as a success formula for marketing in central eastern Europe 20. Heterogeneity of regional trading blocs and global marketing strategies 21. IssuesofProductStandardisationintheLeisureIndustry 22. Lessons for pan-European marketing 。科特勒： “营销管理” ，上海人民出版社2003年 2 。姬： “市场营销指南” ，出版了中国人民大学， 1989年 3 。迈克尔。波特： “竞争优势” ，华夏出版社2001年 4 。黄钢： “市场营销” ，上海财经出版社2003年 5 。邰洼嗯： “市场营销在中国” ，广州出版社， 2001年版 6 。兰陵，主编“市场营销” ，中央广播电视大学出版社 7 。吴： “市场营销” ，上海财经大学出版社2002年 筱敏： “市场营销案例分析” ，武汉大学出版社， 1992 云波： “营销战略规划， ”中国商务出版社， 1994年 10 。陈建平，如： “规划和设计规划出版的”中国人民大学出版社 11 。李： “规划王， ”资本经济大学出版社， 1997年 ，阿姆斯特朗市场营销原理（第9版） ，普伦蒂斯大厅，公司， 2001年 13 。菲利普科特勒营销管理（第10版） ，普伦蒂斯大厅，公司， 2000年 14 。佩恩， ， 派克阁下（ 1998年）的关系Mketing ，计算机集成制造/布特沃斯- Heinemaan 。 15 。 Perreault ， 营销（第12版） ， 1996年理查德欧文 16 。沃伦营销管理（第5版）普伦蒂斯大厅，公司， 1995年 17 。策划的价值属性的新兴市场，比较法国和马来西亚的消费者 18 。执行Insights的全球市场营销管理，在新千年来临之际 19 。全球标准化是一个成功的公式营销中东欧 20 。异质性的区域贸易集团和全球市场营销战略 21 。 IssuesofProductStandardisationintheLeisureIndustry 22 。教训泛欧市场
r u joking mate? 20000 characters!who the hell will do it for u.
2012年02月13日 09时08分，《2011年英语:英语论文：浅析旅游资料中的文化翻译[1]》由英语我整理. 了。如：在中国一提到孔子，上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知，无人不晓。译为：Confucius is a household name in china[6]，译文中用简洁的词组“a household name”简化了原文中的长句“上至白发苍苍的老人，下至天真幼稚的顽童，无人不知，无人不晓”。另外，汉语中的“寺庙”、“道观”“祠”等等，在旅游资料的翻译中都可以简化为“Temple”,比如说汉昭烈庙(Zhaolie Temple of Han)，武侯祠 (Wuhou Temple)，伏龙观 (Dragon-Taming Temple)。 具体化，中文的旅游资料中的用语为了创造意境，在描述美景的时候经常会出现许多修辞用语，文章抽象、空洞、晦涩难懂，如果不加理解和筛选完全保留在译文中，外国读者估计也就不知所云了。遇到这种情况地时候，我们可以将这些抽象的用语具体化。比如，在香港旅游事务网站上出现了这样的翻译。“幻彩咏香江”译为：a symphony of lights。初看幻彩咏香江这个表达，根本就无法明白，后来才知道这是在描述香港的“全球最大型灯光音乐汇演”，译者在译文中将其具体化，译为“a symphony of lights”，本来模糊的意义一下子清晰了，避免了误会的产生。 旅游是一个新兴的朝阳产业，众所周知中国已经成为世界上最重要的旅游目的地之一，入境旅游的人数在不断攀升，如何将我们的传统文化有效地宣传出去，这是旅游发展的重要方面。而旅游资料的翻译在这个方面起到了重要的作用，我们翻译出来的旅游资料要和国际接轨，要求译者有相当过硬的双语基础和跨文化的意识和敏感度，翻译不是简单的语言的对等，而是一种文化的对接和转换，对旅游资料的翻译，我们应该把重点放在译文，利用特殊的翻译方法，如文中所提到的诠释，增补，类比，归化，简化等等手法，地道的表达方式才能被外国游客理解，语言才能有效传递文化信息，实现旅游资料宣传的功能。 参考文献： [1]杨天庆.四川英语导游[M].北京:旅游教育出版社,2003. [2]朱华.四川英语导游景点讲解[M].北京:中国旅游出版社,2007. [3]陈刚.旅游英汉互译教程[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社,2009. [4]金惠康.跨文化旅游翻译[M].北京:中国对外翻译出版公司.2006. [5]陈小慰.新编实用翻译教程[M].北京:经济科学出版社,2006.
.关于本专业毕业论文的选题英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下：1.英语文学：选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法的运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的（如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别的（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）2.语言学：选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）。应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。3.翻译学：翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下，对翻译活动的研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究（如“汉语成语的英译”）。应该注意的是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。（一）前置1．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。2．目录：由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页。3．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整的短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在200字左右4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文的中心词，以显著的字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。（二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（Introduction）、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。1．引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。2．正文：论文的正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分，论点明确。行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项的序号编码方法，采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法，论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列，依次从1开始，连续编号，中间用“．”相隔，最末级编号之后不加点。示例：1．2．………….…．结论：学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论，它是对正文部分的论述的概述，也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。4．参考文献：写作学位论文过程中，阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单，置于正文之后，另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。（1）文献目录应另页书写，外文文献排前，中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。（2）文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。（3）每条文献必须顶格写，回行时空两字或五个英语字母。（4）将各文献的类型代号（即文献英文名的首字母）注明在文献之后：专著[M]学位论文[D]论文集〔C〕报纸文章〔N〕期刊文章〔J〕报告[R]专利[P]专著、论文集的析出文献[A]其他未说明文件〔Z〕电子文献中光盘图书[M／CD]（MONOGRAPHONCD）网上期刊〔J/OL〕（serialonline）5．文内所引文献：要求附夹注，应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名（英文只注姓），出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献，则加quotedin字样。例：（王佐良，1982：38）（Newmark，8：26-33）6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的，不应出现在参考文献中。（三）附录部分附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料，如图表或照片等。SKII@LT3C回答采纳率:
Higher Tourism English professional English teaching model to explore scenarios[Abstract] the primary characteristics of vocational education to write papers on behalf of students is to cultivate the ability to integrate theory with practice, this paper discusses the characteristics of tourism in English and discusses the use of more on the way to - scenes approach, noting that such Method The advantages and problems, and Tourism English Teaching Problems also included in the scope of discussion.[Key words] Vocational Education Tourism English teaching methods and problem scenariosFirst, several characteristics of Tourism English1. Practical strong. We often talk about the theory and practice should be a combination of (theory must be integrated with practice), the theory of learning is to better guide the practice, guides the work of one of the characteristics is to practice. Guides, known as civil ambassadors and image ambassador, who in the international exchanges of the role is particularly important, even if they have a solid theoretical knowledge, but it can not be used for practical work, this is not a qualified tour . Specialized. There is no doubt that in the tourism teaching English inevitably involves travel to the deep expertise. The six basic elements of tourism, food, shelter, transportation, travel purchase, entertainment and tourism resources, tourism planning, hotels, travel agencies, tourist attractions such as the various departments of knowledge, requires students to master these basic professional basic knowledge. If the creation of the relevant professional courses on tourism professionals to learn and understand English will be of great . Comprehensive and strong. Involved in the tourism industry knowledge is very complex, politics, history, literature, art, architecture, religion, gardening, such as multi-disciplinary knowledge, I have seen a few of the basic teaching materials are in accordance with the six elements of tourism know-how into the above into which constitute a , tourism scene in English TeachingAs the saying goes, interest is the best teacher, then how to train students interested in teaching has become one important aspect. Above have already said that guides the work of highly practical, but also in certain scenes occurred, such as tours at the airport shuttle, how welcoming and farewell speech, to move into the hotel, along the guided tours, attractions and so on , the author based on different scenarios into the training purposes of which have achieved good results, the following I would like to give one example, Unit 11 WaterTour: Lijiang . BACKGROUND introduced (backgroundinformation)This is paving the way each unit of knowledge and information to add, so that students of the natural resources of water have a total understanding, it can generally be divided into several categories: rivers, lakes, sea, hot springs, waterfalls, each category is a list of the most distinctive examples, such as: the Yangtze River, the West Lake, Jinan's Baotu Spring, Guizhou Huangguoshu waterfall, and then broken down into each, such as: What are the sites of West Lake, and the English translation shown to students, the I have followed each of the modules in this order, descending from a whole to partial, and the use of courseware ppt documents, first introduced after the display picture. Here I want to say is, the traditional template significantly those of very old, very old-fashioned style, teachers can browse the Web in the process of peace will be their favorite picture or interesting for tourism save the picture of English language teaching, and their ppt documents into standby, the best choice of picture and each unit can be relevant to the subject, of course, need to spend a lot of work, but good value for money, students in the learning process can inspire their . Courseware on specific (detailed explanation)The theme of this module is to introduce the world famous Lijiang River in Guilin landscape, the article is mainly to readers as a tourist, took us to visit the scenic甲天下, Castle Peak, Xiushui, Qishi, reflection ..., the article is more inclined to the narrative is a Field guides word. In order to allow students to Lijiang's landscape there is a general understanding, I will introduce into the relevant spots in which, such as the Reed Flute Cave, Cheung Pei Shan, Qixingyan and so on, to the students a whole . Scenarios interpretation (situational presentation)This is the most difficult step in the process of belonging to the output. At the end of each unit after the lecture, I will place the students of this unit have learned the content of drilling can be carried out group work, to enable students through role-playing (role play), so that students feel like, and give full play to their own imagination, and promote active learning students enthusiasm. Another method is to knowledge in their own language to organize themselves, and then they speak out, each class 10 minutes before I do, so can study the effect of book knowledge. However, in the course of the author, Professor, students or the existence of certain problems will arise, if students are too rigidly adhere to teaching materials, as well as the students are short of certain cross-cultural communication of knowledge, in exchange they would often make the phenomenon of culture shock. Such as in teaching to join the cross-cultural communication on the knowledge, you can play with the foreign exchange the role of lubricants to avoid conflict, do not be embarrassed to enable the two , the main problems1. Materials relatively singleMost of the tourism professional teaching English only for the province or a region, there is no nationwide introduction of the overall attraction, and the same theme, introducing a time when almost all of the same language, the lack of reference materials; part of teaching materials to more Tourism deep expertise in the overall translated into English, which is no tourism expertise to pave the way for English learners is difficult to understand, but such a career as higher vocational institutions, such as pure things significantly less useful, specific spots should be introduced to include a good word to focus on a good sentence, such as better able to recite in order to achieve the purpose of training. In addition, if the publication of these films all over the scenery of the English version of CD-ROM, coupled with on-site tour guides, students can imitate, or if there is mute function to allow students to come under the shooting scene with their own explanations, so the skills the requirements and further improved, for those who have a higher base and capacity of . The lack of professional teaching English for TourismAt present, the majority of teachers are tourism management professional or graduate English majors, specialized school English teachers very little tourism, so it is very difficult to teach the process of grasping the curriculum focus, or not grasped, may be the beginning of the semester or students, and gradually becomes a monologue students became teachers, Ap Lei like to listen to teaching. I think the teachers can take part in some training activities, continue to accumulate experience, check the length of others make up for our own short, At the same time, teachers can also go to the first line of services for others to experience the pleasure brought about by, to better promote classroom . The lack of school internship training baseAt present most of the opening of Tourism English professional school, the teaching and practice are basically out of touch. First of all, to impart theoretical knowledge, and then make use of other practical semester. If we can combine theory and practice so that you can receive good results. However, due to practical needs some practice material support, so most students will need on their own to sum up in practice, so that delayed a lot of valuable time.
Travel A succession of beautiful scenery makes one feel delighted. A long stay in the same surroundings to make everything the same. Routine work often makes one feel bored But if you take a trip or a long journey on your holidays to some scenic spots or historic sites, that will make great difference. Travel can widen one’s knowledge. The farther you go, the more you will learn about different politics, economics, customs as well as geography. If you travel the whole world some day, you will fully understand the globe on which we live. However, too much travel causes tiredness. You get on a bus or a taxi, you travel on the train or in a plane, being patient with the hours needed on your mute from one place to another, that will make you exhausted after a while. 旅游 看不完的美景使人感到愉快。长期呆在一个地方令人乏味。日常工作常使人感到厌倦。假如你在假期中去名胜古迹旅游，情况就不同了。 旅游可以增长人们的知识。你走得越远，你就会学到不同的政治、经济、风俗和地理知识。如果有朝一日你周游世界，你就会完全懂得我们所生活的这个地球。 然而，过多的旅游会使人感到疲劳。不管你乘坐公共汽车或出租车，还是乘坐火车或飞机从一个地方到另一个地方，你得耐心的坐着熬时间，这很快就会使你疲劳。 Travel "People who like travelling have their reasons. They maintain that travelling can help them expand their scope of knowledge, especially geographical and historical learning. They go on to point out that touring will provide more chance for them to enjoy food and try on clothes that they otherwise cannot possibly have. Those who dislike travelling have their reasons. They would argue that travelling means a considerable amount of money and energy. For example, traffic and accommodation require money walking while seeing sights often tires you. In practice, travelling does more good than harm. If you finance and health permit, you might as well do some travelling from time to time. It will at least enable you to get familiar with people and thing that you will probably grow to like and love. "有些人喜欢旅行旅行有他们的原因的."他们主张, 旅行可能帮助他们扩展他们的范围知识, 特别地理和历史学会。他们指出, 游览为他们将提供更多机会享用食物和尝试他们无法可能否则有的衣裳。那些烦恶旅行有他们的原因。他们会争辩说, 旅行意味可观的相当数量金钱和能量。例如, 交通和适应要求金钱走当看见看见经常疲倦您。实践上, 旅行做好比害处。如果您提供经费和健康许可证, 您不妨做一些时常旅行。它至少将使您得到熟悉您大概将学会成长和爱. I Love Traveling I like travel very much. I often go to travel. It meets a lot of people when traveling. It can touch not only the person but also the region. Therefore, it comes to want to go even times how many. I was traveling and all the people met had a very warm mind. It was very kind. There is a person who taught variety of land, too. I do not think meeting with two another degrees in the person. However, I do not think that I forget. Because, The reason is that there are a lot of very good memories. Therefore, travel is not stopped. It went to not only the country but also foreign countries. The communication of the intention can have been done with the person in the country though the word did not run well. However, I thought that the handicap of the word was large. I thought it was good if the word could be understood more many times. Therefore, I think that I should study the language study more. It can meet the one different according to the land when traveling. The tourist spot is, and there is a lot of one not so either. There are a lot of very good points of the place taught to the person in local. Therefore, it is always made to speak. I have not traveled still alone. I want to go out to travel alone sometimes. How about you? Traveling with someone is also good. However, I yearn to the solitary journey very much. It is not, and yearns for the destination to free travel. I want to go out to unrestrained travel some time. Finally, I yearn to the solitary journey. However, I do not hate tour travel. I think that there is a merit also in the tour. I think that traveling with the person who does not know also has the enjoyment. However, I like independent tour more. Which do you like? 我非常喜欢旅行。我经常去旅行。它遇见很多人民当旅行。它可能接触不仅人而且区域。所以, 它来想要是均匀时期多少。我旅行并且所有人民遇见有一个非常温暖的头脑。它是非常亲切的。有教土地品种的人, 也是。我不认为会议以二其它度在人。但是, 我不认为, 我忘记。由于, 原因是有很多非常好记忆。所以, 旅行不被停止。它去不仅国家而且外国。意图的通信可能完成与人在国家虽然词很好没有运行。但是, 我认为, 词的障碍是大的。我认为它是好的如果词能被了解更多许多时期。所以, 我认为, 我应该学习语言研究更。它可能遇见那个不同根据土地当旅行。旅游胜地是, 并且有很多一个不那么或者。有地方的很多非常好观点被教对人在本机。所以, 它总被做讲话。我单独仍然未旅行。我想要出去有时单独旅行。您怎么样? 旅行与某人是还好的。但是, 我非常盼望对孤零零旅途。它不是, 和盼望目的地释放旅行。我想要出去对无限制的旅行某个时候。终于, 我盼望对孤零零旅途。但是, 我不恨游览旅行。我认为, 有并且优点在游览。我认为那旅行与并且不知道有享受的人。但是,我喜欢独立游览更。哪些您喜欢? Travel to the forest Have you ever been fed up with the boring life in the city? Should you be tired of the crowded roads and endless noises, you might want to have a glimpse of the primary forest with me. As soon as you open the mysterious door of the forest, you may ask,“ Have I entered the palace or the paradise?” The breath-taking scenery makes you forget everything but exploring what the forest has to offer. With tens of thousands of trees surrounding you, straight or winding, tall or short , you feel like floating on the ocean of green. All kinds of fragrant flowers lie peaceful and shy under the leaves. Take a close look at them , and you can even see the fresh drops of water ,which makes the flowers look like beautiful girls who have just had a bath. The most enjoyable thing is to feel the thick fog among the whole forest, which makes the view of the living creatures disappear at times. When the sun comes up, the fog rises at once .The dreaming image is then replaced by the lively scene. A wide variety of birds are singing happily in the trees. Lots of little animals are running busily across the paths. Wander in the forest, you will have the feeling of returning to nature. Well, in addition to enjoying the scenery on the ground, keep an eye out for the sky! The clear blue with pure white will give your eyes a feast . 旅行对森林您曾经厌烦乏味生活在城市吗? 如果您对拥挤路和不尽的噪声会是疲乏, 您也许想要有原始森林的瞥见与我。当您打开森林的神奇门, 您可以要求, "有我进入了宫殿或天堂?" 惊人的风景牌子您忘记一切但探索什么森林必须提供。用成千上万棵树围拢您, 直接或包缠, 高或短, 您感觉象漂浮在绿色海洋。各种各样的芬芳花谎言平安和害羞在叶子之下。采取仔细的审视在他们, 并且您能甚而看水新滴, 做花看起来象美丽的女孩有浴。最令人愉快的事是感觉厚实的雾在整个森林之中, 做景色的生存生物时常消失。当太阳过来, 雾上升The 作图象由活泼的场面然后立即替换。各种各样的鸟愉快地唱歌在树。许多小的动物繁忙地运行横跨道路。漫步在森林里, 您将有返回的感觉到自然。很好, 除享受风景之外在地面, 保留一只眼睛为天空! 清楚的蓝色以纯净的白色将给您的眼睛一个宴餐。 Train Travel Air Travel Air travel has two advantages over train travel. First, it can save much can fly from Beijing to Guangzhou jusi in two hours, but by train, we have to spend 24 hours or more. Second, air travel is more comfortable, because the plane flies so smoot qly that we can rest well during the trip, while the train is crowded sometimes and passengers have to sit for a long time, which makes them tired. But train travel also has its advantages. For example, traveling by train costs only 250 yuan while traveling by air will cost 900 this, outside of the train’s windows, we can enjoy the views of many big cities, such as Zhengzhou, Wuhan,ad Changsha. So I think different people like different ways of traveling. 坐火车旅行还是乘飞机旅行 乘飞机旅行比坐火车旅行有两大优点。第一，可以节约时间。从北京到广州乘飞机只用两个小时，而坐火车需要二十四个小时甚至更多。第二，乘飞机更舒适。飞机飞得很平稳，我们可以休息得很好；而火车有时很拥挤，而且要坐好长时间，容易疲劳。但是坐火车旅行也有它的优点。例如，坐火车旅行只花250元而乘飞机则需900元。除此之外，透过火车的窗口，我们可以欣赏郑州、武汉和长沙等大城市的风光。 所以我认为不同的人喜欢不同的旅行方式。
这是关于旅游的好处的。。。Many people ponder what they should do for a vacation and I realized a lot of people don’t seem to share my views about traveling. I believe it’s very important to see the world and different cultures. It lets us open our minds to new things and we get to experience life in exiting different ways. Traveling gives us the opportunity to disconnect from our regular life. You get to forget your problems/issues for a few weeks, it can also help you figure things out that you would not have understood without the distance traveling can give you. We all have crazy schedules, work and a family to take care of, going away alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are for you. Like the saying says: we never know what we have until we lose it. Another great benefit is the relaxation you get to do. It’s nice to live life to its fullest and enjoy a stress free time with yourself. Going on vacation lets us recharge our “batteries” by disconnecting us from our regular life. When we come back we feel invigorated and we are happy to be back in our day to day routine. It’s a very good stress remover that has a lot more to give than most people are willing to increases our knowledge and widens our perspective. To view new customs, different ways of living is fantastic for the mind. It gives us a new perspective about life and especially our life, it can help us change some of our habits or even create new ones. When I travel I usually make it a point to try new food, some cultures don’t have fries in their diet and they are all skinny, others use spices to give taste and not oils or fats. Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting. You also need to visit exotic new places and discover what this wonderful world has to experiences increase our resourcefulness by living situations you would never encounter at home, this is great experience for you when you come back to your routine. I have noticed that people who traveled a lot in life were ready to embrace change and have a natural ability of overcoming problems that others would frown upon. When traveling with friends or family it creates memories for a lifetime. These memories will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens with the friendship/relationship. It can also give a new perspective on the relationship and cement the bond forever. It also gives nice stories to tell people afterwards, you can create photo albums about your trips and when you feel nostalgic you can take an hour of your life and experience the trips again by looking at your pictures. It’s never been this cheap to travel. With soaring oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end. However there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now. With the internet and all the new technology, you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it. You can choose your budget, the duration of the trip and what you want to do. I suggest to read travel blogs and see what others are experiencing, you can save yourself a few hurdles by reading about their you have some time off I suggest to take that trip and experience what life has to offer. Don’t wait or tell yourself there will be a better time to go. Take the risk, the opportunity and buy your plane ticket right now and leave. When you come back you won’t be sorry that you left, on the contrary you will be thinking of your next trip the second you come back from the airport.
[1] Patterson, T. M.,Niccolucci V.,Marchettini N. Adaptive environmental management of tourism in the Province of Siena, Italy using the ecological footprint[J]. J Environ Manage. 2008, 86(2): 407-418. [2] Bruyere, B. L.,Beh A. W.,Lelengula G. Differences in perceptions of communication, tourism benefits, and management issues in a protected area of rural Kenya[J]. Environ Manage. 2009, 43(1): 49-59. [3] Phillip, R.,Hodgkinson G. The management of health and safety hazards in tourist resorts. World Tourism Organization[J]. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1994, 7(3): 207-219. [4] Kozma, C. M. Medical tourism: a role disease management?[J]. Manag Care Interface. 2006, 19(11): 35-36.
杂志名字一般使用”Journal”,magazine是表示通称的”杂志”，区别相当微妙．旅游杂志
美国有三本著名的旅游杂志可供你参考: Travel MagazineLeisure MagazineTourist Guide Magazine杂志称magazine是没错的,但名字不一定要有 magazine,如 Vogue, Elle, Better Home and Gardens, National Geographic... 都没用magazine 的
Travel magazine
Travel magazine， Travel journal 都可以表示旅游杂志的意思
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导游方面的毕业论文导游服务中存在的问题与对策分析摘要：在旅游活动过程中，导游起主导作用，导游服务的质量关系到整个旅游产品的质量。目前导游服务过程中存在着诸多问题，本文就导游服务市场存在的问题进行探讨分析，进而提出相关的对策建议。关键词：旅游 导游人员 服务质量旅游业在中国已得到了迅猛发展，现已具备了�6�8定的产业规模，形成了“食、住、行、游、购、娱”六位一体的体系，然而在这一体系中导游服务却不尽如人意。现阶段我国导游服务质量存在严重的问题，这与我国旅游业的发展极 协调，也不能适应现代游客对旅游需求的更高要求。1导游服务市场存在的主要问题1．1导游队伍等级结构、语种结构不合理，供求矛盾突出从整体上看，导游队伍学历水平偏低，等级结构不合理 据r解，至2006年9月，全国拥有导游资格证的人数达到47．27万人，其中执业导游32．O5万人，32万执业导游中，3O岁以下的占80％，大专及以F学历者占80‰ 初级导游占97％。另外导游语种结构不合理。外语类导游缺乏 这与游客对导游需求不相适应，供求矛盾突出。1．2导游服务质量总体偏低，导游人员素质有待提高有些导游经验不足，综合能力差。有些导游连基本的讲解技能也未过关；有 导游应变能力较差，当出现意外情况时不知如何处理。部分导游知识面窄，知识结构单一，缺乏综合能力较强的复合型人才。1．3部分导游缺乏基本的职业道德与旅游发达国家相比。我国导游松散的职业状态决定他们缺少归属感，而且导游必须应付社会偏见与旅行社的压力，这种双重困境使导游人员对自己的职、I 并不看好。很多导游急功近利、心态浮躁，赚到钱就赶紧跳槽。导游人员的职业倦怠感日渐突显。1．4规范化操作不达标，个性服务意识欠缺许多导游并未严格规范化作业而是压缩正常行程用以私增各种项目。另一方面，大多导游员对旅游者合理的 l生化要求不能积极有效地满足。2 影响导游服务质量的原因分析2．1整体旅游市场不规范导游队伍的一些不良表现和旅游市场大环境的不规范有关。如：旅游法律法规不健全导游管理体制不健 旅游主管部门职责小列位，市场信息不对称 旅行社之阆恶性竞争；游客消费心理 成熟等。2．2导游准入门槛太低由于近几年导游人数需求量增大和导游资格准入条件放宽，我国现有导游人员的学历普遍偏低。导致丁导游队伍素质偏低，结构不合理。2．3导游人贝的收入结构不合当前，导游基本是“ 无人员”， 即无薪水、尢固定T作单位、7己保险。导游员的收入依靠宰游客、购物回扣和小费，根本没有保障。正常的经济要求得不到满足。服务水准很难提高。为了满足自身的利益，在工作中 是把游客需求放在首化，而是过分地追求个人的经济利益。2．4激励机制不健全大部分旅游企业不太重视员工激励。即使对导游员进行激励，也是手段 �6�1，覆盖而小。同时，我国的导游员的晋级要求与职称制度脱钩。在我国职称制度 ，没仃导游员这一系列。这不仅阻碍了高素质导游员队伍的建设，而且使导游员缺乏走向职业化的内在动力和外在环境。2．5部分导游员自身素质不高部分企业在选拔导游员时，注雨数量轻质量，重、 务能力轻思想素质。忽略了导游员的德才兼备。同时导游 资格考试的参考标准也在降低，可以说学历标准的降低在某种程度上弱化了导游员的整体素质。2．6导游人员流失严重，流动性大，难干培养高素质的导游队伍许多导游员把导游看成是一种过渡性工作，没有把导游工作作为终身事业的追求，使导游员流失率较高，持资格证书人员的流失率为45，3％，持特级导游员证书人员的流，大率为37％。3 提高导游服务质量的思路与对策3．1提高导游准入门槛，改革导游资格考试制度提高导游员资格准入学历要求，从源头上保证导游队伍素质，力求蛮现导游服务市场多层次供求平衡，最大限度满足社会导游服务需求。日前，大学生报考导游的人数在逐年增长，这有助丁导游队伍整体素质的提升。3．2 建立健全导游激励机制建立一种既能使 职的导游获得应得的回报，又能使导游为其质量问题付出代价的激励机制，来调动导游的工作积极性，保证导游服务的质量。一是建立合理的薪酬制。一方面提高导游员的物质待遇，满足其合理的物质需要一方面将不同级别的导游报酬分开来。二是建立导游员的职称评定机制，使导游队伍走向职业化建设二是引进竞争淘汰机制。通过平等竞争氛围的营造，调动他们的工作热情和积极性。3．3加强导游员自身素质建设导游代表着国家和地区的形象。所以需要不断尢电。提高个人的修养和知识层次。优秀的导游人员应具有：良好的服务意识；较强语言表达能力和广博的知识；很强的沟通能力；较高的个人素养；良好的组织协调能力和较强的法冶意识，优秀的心理品质和应变能力。
写International Communication吧，比较好写。
旅游英语专业毕业论文最好选创新点的题目，最开始我也什么都不懂，还是学长给的莫文网，高手就是不一样，效率高没几天就搞定啦旅游英语的特点及翻译的路径选择高校旅游英语教学模式研究项目教学法在中职旅游英语教学中的应用研究——以《饭店服务英语》为例基于需求分析的旅游英语教学旅游英语教学改革探析基于需求分析的旅游英语课程研究职业能力导向的高职旅游英语教学改革探索高校旅游英语课程教学改革探析情景教学法在高职旅游英语口语教学中的应用高职旅游英语专业人才培养目标定位研究任务型教学法在高职旅游英语教学中的应用研究任务驱动法在高职旅游英语教学中的应用试论旅游英语教学存在的问题及其革新旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考论ESP需求分析理论对旅游英语教学的指导意义用ESP理论分析旅游英语的特点及教学法输入假说在高职院校旅游英语听说教学中的应用和研究旅游英语教学方法与问题对高职旅游英语能力培养途径的几点思考高职旅游英语课程改革研究任务型教学法中任务后在旅游英语词汇教学中的应用研究本科旅游英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养研究基于需求分析的高职院校旅游英语教学现状研究——以临汾职业技术学院为例高等职业院校旅游英语专业教学实践探索旅游英语教学中存在的问题及对策高等院校旅游英语专业教学探讨旅游英语教学改革初探旅游英语教学改革与大学ESP发展模式探讨论情景教学法在高职旅游英语中的应用
旅游英语专业毕业论文最好选创新点的题目，最开始我也什么都不懂，还是学长给的莫文网，高手就是不一样，效率高没几天就搞定啦旅游英语的特点及翻译的路径选择高校旅游英语教学模式研究项目教学法在中职旅游英语教学中的应用研究——以《饭店服务英语》为例基于需求分析的旅游英语教学旅游英语教学改革探析基于需求分析的旅游英语课程研究职业能力导向的高职旅游英语教学改革探索高校旅游英语课程教学改革探析情景教学法在高职旅游英语口语教学中的应用高职旅游英语专业人才培养目标定位研究任务型教学法在高职旅游英语教学中的应用研究任务驱动法在高职旅游英语教学中的应用试论旅游英语教学存在的问题及其革新旅游英语翻译与本土文化对接的思考论ESP需求分析理论对旅游英语教学的指导意义用ESP理论分析旅游英语的特点及教学法输入假说在高职院校旅游英语听说教学中的应用和研究旅游英语教学方法与问题对高职旅游英语能力培养途径的几点思考高职旅游英语课程改革研究任务型教学法中任务后在旅游英语词汇教学中的应用研究本科旅游英语教学中跨文化交际能力的培养研究基于需求分析的高职院校旅游英语教学现状研究——以临汾职业技术学院为例高等职业院校旅游英语专业教学实践探索旅游英语教学中存在的问题及对策高等院校旅游英语专业教学探讨旅游英语教学改革初探旅游英语教学改革与大学ESP发展模式探讨论情景教学法在高职旅游英语中的应用
Higher Tourism English professional English teaching model to explore scenarios[Abstract] the primary characteristics of vocational education to write papers on behalf of students is to cultivate the ability to integrate theory with practice, this paper discusses the characteristics of tourism in English and discusses the use of more on the way to - scenes approach, noting that such Method The advantages and problems, and Tourism English Teaching Problems also included in the scope of discussion.[Key words] Vocational Education Tourism English teaching methods and problem scenariosFirst, several characteristics of Tourism English1. Practical strong. We often talk about the theory and practice should be a combination of (theory must be integrated with practice), the theory of learning is to better guide the practice, guides the work of one of the characteristics is to practice. Guides, known as civil ambassadors and image ambassador, who in the international exchanges of the role is particularly important, even if they have a solid theoretical knowledge, but it can not be used for practical work, this is not a qualified tour . Specialized. There is no doubt that in the tourism teaching English inevitably involves travel to the deep expertise. The six basic elements of tourism, food, shelter, transportation, travel purchase, entertainment and tourism resources, tourism planning, hotels, travel agencies, tourist attractions such as the various departments of knowledge, requires students to master these basic professional basic knowledge. If the creation of the relevant professional courses on tourism professionals to learn and understand English will be of great . Comprehensive and strong. Involved in the tourism industry knowledge is very complex, politics, history, literature, art, architecture, religion, gardening, such as multi-disciplinary knowledge, I have seen a few of the basic teaching materials are in accordance with the six elements of tourism know-how into the above into which constitute a , tourism scene in English TeachingAs the saying goes, interest is the best teacher, then how to train students interested in teaching has become one important aspect. Above have already said that guides the work of highly practical, but also in certain scenes occurred, such as tours at the airport shuttle, how welcoming and farewell speech, to move into the hotel, along the guided tours, attractions and so on , the author based on different scenarios into the training purposes of which have achieved good results, the following I would like to give one example, Unit 11 WaterTour: Lijiang . BACKGROUND introduced (backgroundinformation)This is paving the way each unit of knowledge and information to add, so that students of the natural resources of water have a total understanding, it can generally be divided into several categories: rivers, lakes, sea, hot springs, waterfalls, each category is a list of the most distinctive examples, such as: the Yangtze River, the West Lake, Jinan's Baotu Spring, Guizhou Huangguoshu waterfall, and then broken down into each, such as: What are the sites of West Lake, and the English translation shown to students, the I have followed each of the modules in this order, descending from a whole to partial, and the use of courseware ppt documents, first introduced after the display picture. Here I want to say is, the traditional template significantly those of very old, very old-fashioned style, teachers can browse the Web in the process of peace will be their favorite picture or interesting for tourism save the picture of English language teaching, and their ppt documents into standby, the best choice of picture and each unit can be relevant to the subject, of course, need to spend a lot of work, but good value for money, students in the learning process can inspire their . Courseware on specific (detailed explanation)The theme of this module is to introduce the world famous Lijiang River in Guilin landscape, the article is mainly to readers as a tourist, took us to visit the scenic甲天下, Castle Peak, Xiushui, Qishi, reflection ..., the article is more inclined to the narrative is a Field guides word. In order to allow students to Lijiang's landscape there is a general understanding, I will introduce into the relevant spots in which, such as the Reed Flute Cave, Cheung Pei Shan, Qixingyan and so on, to the students a whole . Scenarios interpretation (situational presentation)This is the most difficult step in the process of belonging to the output. At the end of each unit after the lecture, I will place the students of this unit have learned the content of drilling can be carried out group work, to enable students through role-playing (role play), so that students feel like, and give full play to their own imagination, and promote active learning students enthusiasm. Another method is to knowledge in their own language to organize themselves, and then they speak out, each class 10 minutes before I do, so can study the effect of book knowledge. However, in the course of the author, Professor, students or the existence of certain problems will arise, if students are too rigidly adhere to teaching materials, as well as the students are short of certain cross-cultural communication of knowledge, in exchange they would often make the phenomenon of culture shock. Such as in teaching to join the cross-cultural communication on the knowledge, you can play with the foreign exchange the role of lubricants to avoid conflict, do not be embarrassed to enable the two , the main problems1. Materials relatively singleMost of the tourism professional teaching English only for the province or a region, there is no nationwide introduction of the overall attraction, and the same theme, introducing a time when almost all of the same language, the lack of reference materials; part of teaching materials to more Tourism deep expertise in the overall translated into English, which is no tourism expertise to pave the way for English learners is difficult to understand, but such a career as higher vocational institutions, such as pure things significantly less useful, specific spots should be introduced to include a good word to focus on a good sentence, such as better able to recite in order to achieve the purpose of training. In addition, if the publication of these films all over the scenery of the English version of CD-ROM, coupled with on-site tour guides, students can imitate, or if there is mute function to allow students to come under the shooting scene with their own explanations, so the skills the requirements and further improved, for those who have a higher base and capacity of . The lack of professional teaching English for TourismAt present, the majority of teachers are tourism management professional or graduate English majors, specialized school English teachers very little tourism, so it is very difficult to teach the process of grasping the curriculum focus, or not grasped, may be the beginning of the semester or students, and gradually becomes a monologue students became teachers, Ap Lei like to listen to teaching. I think the teachers can take part in some training activities, continue to accumulate experience, check the length of others make up for our own short, At the same time, teachers can also go to the first line of services for others to experience the pleasure brought about by, to better promote classroom . The lack of school internship training baseAt present most of the opening of Tourism English professional school, the teaching and practice are basically out of touch. First of all, to impart theoretical knowledge, and then make use of other practical semester. If we can combine theory and practice so that you can receive good results. However, due to practical needs some practice material support, so most students will need on their own to sum up in practice, so that delayed a lot of valuable time.
.关于本专业毕业论文的选题英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下：1.英语文学：选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法的运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的（如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别的（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》）2.语言学：选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）。应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。3.翻译学：翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下，对翻译活动的研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究（如“汉语成语的英译”）。应该注意的是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。（一）前置1．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。2．目录：由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页。3．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整的短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在200字左右4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文的中心词，以显著的字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。（二）主体部分主题部分包括引言（Introduction）、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。1．引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。2．正文：论文的正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分，论点明确。行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项的序号编码方法，采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法，论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列，依次从1开始，连续编号，中间用“．”相隔，最末级编号之后不加点。示例：1．2．………….…．结论：学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论，它是对正文部分的论述的概述，也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。4．参考文献：写作学位论文过程中，阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单，置于正文之后，另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。（1）文献目录应另页书写，外文文献排前，中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。（2）文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。（3）每条文献必须顶格写，回行时空两字或五个英语字母。（4）将各文献的类型代号（即文献英文名的首字母）注明在文献之后：专著[M]学位论文[D]论文集〔C〕报纸文章〔N〕期刊文章〔J〕报告[R]专利[P]专著、论文集的析出文献[A]其他未说明文件〔Z〕电子文献中光盘图书[M／CD]（MONOGRAPHONCD）网上期刊〔J/OL〕（serialonline）5．文内所引文献：要求附夹注，应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名（英文只注姓），出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献，则加quotedin字样。例：（王佐良，1982：38）（Newmark，8：26-33）6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的，不应出现在参考文献中。（三）附录部分附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料，如图表或照片等。SKII@LT3C回答采纳率: