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毕业论文英文摘要怎么弄

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毕业论文英文摘要怎么弄

毕业论文的Abstract简单说就是毕业论文的英文摘要,先把中文摘要写好,然后翻译成英文就可以了。摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分。论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文,有其特别的地方。它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,留主干去枝叶,提取论文的主要信息。作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解,这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。好的摘要便于索引与查找,易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息。因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用。书写摘要的基本规范和原则:1、论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定,不同的学校和机构有不同的要求,通常中文摘要不超过300字,英文摘要不超过250个实词,中英文摘要应一致。毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。2、多向指导教师请教,并根据提供的意见及时修改,以期达到更高水平。3、摘要是完整的短文,具有独立性,可以单独使用。即使不看论文全文的内容,仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论。4、叙述完整,突出逻辑性,短文结构要合理。5、要求文字简明扼要,不容赘言,提取重要内容,不含前言、背景等细节部分,去掉旧结论、原始数据,不加评论和注释。采用直接表述的方法,删除不必要的文学修饰。摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容,做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。6、摘要中不使用特殊字符,也不使用图表和化学结构式,以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式,不列举例证。

Human resource plays the pivotal role in social economy development increasingly. 5P model is regarded as a very important model in human resource management, while it delivers the huge purpose and instant effect. But we have to realize that the application of 5P needs to one environment that cooperation of every department and plan the relevant policies, therefore enterprises utilize 5P model depending on practical situation. This anticle tries to realize the huge effect of 5P model very well through both discussing the content of 5P model and 洛北春酒业集团`s suessful experience.

是翻成英文吗 Civil service system is the embodiment of the management system of personnel administration regularity, is promoting the modern government and the development of administrative system of anization design, it is perfect with innovation, related to the government administration quality and efficiency improvement. China in 1993 adopted the national civil service system, began to enter the modern government personnel management track. But overall, pared with foreign countries, the civil service system of our country is still relatively primitive, theoretical research is still relatively weak, and there are many aspects need reform and innovation. Therefore, the reform of the civil service system in China has bee an important task. This paper will be based on the civil service system on the basis of theoretical study, through to the Chinese and foreign civil servants system recorded in the annealing preferred, incentive coordination, the protection mechani *** of the three major aspects of the public servant system at home and abroad, to reveal the similarities and differences, to draw lessons from foreign civil servant system beneficial experience to perfect our civil servant system design. 我只把你摘要的发来了

Abstract The core petitiveness of enterprises is the basis of the sustainable development of enterprise and the source of petitive advatages. As a growth point of China's national economy, Real Estate directly affects the national economic development and the people's livelihood. Therefore, the construction of real estate enterprises'core petitive ability should be paid profound attention. Depending on a bination of core petence theory, this paper is in view of the status quo of the estate enterprise'core petitive ability in China,then bines the author's opinion under the help of the related books,documents and the teacher, and finally turn out the means of the construction of enterprises'core petitive ability . Keywords The Core Competiveness of Enterprises Brand Strategy Enterpise Culture

Urban vulnerable groups is in the interests of the economic system transformation relative damage, marginalized groups, with social transformation, economic restructuring and social factors such as industrial restructuring, urban vulnerable groups is being increasingly prominent, and has affected our economy development and social equity. Based on the situation of vulnerable groups of urban studies, that the size of the vulnerable groups in recent years in increasing the survival of the city status of vulnerable groups have not been effective improvement, therefore, an urgent need for government-led, to establish and improve various policies and mechani *** s to protect the basic rights of vulnerable groups in order to achieve the goal of building a well.

Along with continuous development of market economy and intensive structural reform of publish industry, financial management play a more and more important role on the development and management of publishing enterprise. Publishing enterprises must change their concepts and pay attention to financial management, building and insisting on the sense of innovation and human-oriented financial management, actively exploring and building a sound financial management system which is adaptive to market economic management system and operation mechani *** . Publishing enterprises must try a variety of ways and means to resolve the outstanding issues in financial management, making effort to improve the qualities of financial workers, strengthening the informational construction of financial management, realizing continuous innovation on financial centralized management and aounts receivable management, so as to promote the publishing industry develop in a healthy and good direction.

Abstract: The woman known as half of the sky in an era of growing concern in the feminist context, hold up half the sky in other men - their pressure, their difficulties, their sad, seems to have been used to And even taken for granted. But Chili as one of the representatives of women writers, she works in many men have expressed the concern of this group. Loss of life, questions of love, of self-worth of confusion, as the mon challenge facing the hero. Thus, character. environment. the fate of one man without the image of the intersection in question to the reality: our way is, Where is tomorrow? 摘要还必须包括关键词的。

英文摘要可以用百度翻译,然后复制上去,目录设定很简单,在word或者wps里面有目录设定,选中目录点选那个目录设定可以来设定是一级目录还是二级目录的。

[Abstract] In the 1980s and 1990s last century, the economy developed at a high speed with the sacrifice of damaging the environments which caused serious environmental problems and social problems. Gov and society began to think about it, therefore in the process of production and manufacturing, enterprises should take the corporate social responsibility (CSR). With the improvement of social system, many enterprises have realized the problem of social responsibility. More and more enterprises find that it is not contradicted beeen achieving the individual economic goal and fulfilling the social goal. To enhance the consciousness and initiative of fulfilling the social responsibility, enterprises should fulfill the social responsibility to convey related information to the society. It plays a key role to develop the social responsibility and social responsibility investments because it can better bring in the public opinion pressure and Gov supervision. High moral standards aord with the enterprises’ long-term benefit which will help gain reputation and trust in the daily operation and long-term cooperation. Enterprises can really catch the advantage of taking the social responsibility, the policy and regulation that push the enterprises to fulfill the social responsibility so that to find appropriate conduct system. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibility, corporate obligation, significance of social responsibility, harmonious society

This thesis presents a detailed *** ysis of the current situation of the private enterprises of Chaoshan, gave emphasized *** ysis on both the advantage of its development and problems lied in, and found out the advantages as well as limitations of the district of Chaoshan. On the basis of this, this thesis also studied on the New Wenzhou Mode, while in the meantime proposed advices on the future development of private enterprises of Chaoshan district in view of strategy.

问题一:什么样的论文需要写英文摘要 是否要写英文摘要,要看论文发表的杂志级别。一般说来,国家级的、省级的、市级的专业杂志发表的论文都需要英文摘要。只不过,市级以下级别的杂志有些混乱,原因是有些杂志为了抬高地位或是其他原因,故意而为。所以,要不要英文摘要,还要以杂志编辑部要求为准。大学生毕业生的毕业论文,则依据学院的要求。 问题二:请问大家,论文的英文摘要应该放在论文的哪个部分? 如果你写的是中文论文并附有英文摘要的话,应该是将英文摘要附在论文的最后。最直接的办法是找到你论文要发表的杂志,看看杂志上的格式是否是这样。 问题三:毕业论文英文摘要去哪儿可以查到 基本都是自己写的摘要通过翻译直接就是英文摘要,摘要不作为复查比项目,可以放心措辞。特殊专业的英文摘要一般师兄会给,自己要找的话,学校内部网有国外论文资料。 问题四:毕业论文中英文摘要必须在同一页上吗? 看要求了。如果没有明确亥要求,先中文摘要、关键词,再英文摘要、关键词,按正常的往下排即可,不用管放在哪一页。 如果有要求,就要分页了。 问题五:论文中文摘要和英文摘要是在同一页上还是分开在两页上? 大部分的英文论文都不是在一页上的,中文摘要在前,英文摘要在结尾 问题六:论文摘要如何翻译成英文 在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻: The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a plex issue, market-oriented工economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has bee China's economy reform process of the outstanding issues.。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, the authenticity of the principle of different, accounting sound principle and tax payments to determine the difference in accounting importance of the principles and tax legal principle and the accounting and tax 。differences on the substance over form understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the accrual basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic globalization. Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax adjustmentces. 问题七:论文自动生成目录中英文摘要变成大写怎么都弄不成小写怎么办 论文自动生成目录中英文摘要本来就应该是大写 问题八:论文英文摘要是中文摘要的翻译版吗? 大多是互译的,也可以得不一样,但中心要是一样的,毕竟论文是一份。所以表达的意思是一个。当然不一定要一次一句的翻译。。。 问题九:发表论文要不要写英文摘要 一般来说,要求不严的省级刊物可以不要求中文摘要关键词、参考文献 要求严格的省级刊物,都要求这些内容必备埂国家级刊物,要求不严格的,可以只有中文摘要和参考文献,不需要英文摘要和关键词 要求严格的国家级刊物,要求中英文摘要和关键词、参考文献 核心刊物,基本上全都要求具备这些资料,不需要的很少。

本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么弄的

Human resource plays the pivotal role in social economy development increasingly. 5P model is regarded as a very important model in human resource management, while it delivers the huge purpose and instant effect. But we have to realize that the application of 5P needs to one environment that cooperation of every department and plan the relevant policies, therefore enterprises utilize 5P model depending on practical situation. This anticle tries to realize the huge effect of 5P model very well through both discussing the content of 5P model and 洛北春酒业集团`s suessful experience.

是翻成英文吗 Civil service system is the embodiment of the management system of personnel administration regularity, is promoting the modern government and the development of administrative system of anization design, it is perfect with innovation, related to the government administration quality and efficiency improvement. China in 1993 adopted the national civil service system, began to enter the modern government personnel management track. But overall, pared with foreign countries, the civil service system of our country is still relatively primitive, theoretical research is still relatively weak, and there are many aspects need reform and innovation. Therefore, the reform of the civil service system in China has bee an important task. This paper will be based on the civil service system on the basis of theoretical study, through to the Chinese and foreign civil servants system recorded in the annealing preferred, incentive coordination, the protection mechani *** of the three major aspects of the public servant system at home and abroad, to reveal the similarities and differences, to draw lessons from foreign civil servant system beneficial experience to perfect our civil servant system design. 我只把你摘要的发来了

Abstract The core petitiveness of enterprises is the basis of the sustainable development of enterprise and the source of petitive advatages. As a growth point of China's national economy, Real Estate directly affects the national economic development and the people's livelihood. Therefore, the construction of real estate enterprises'core petitive ability should be paid profound attention. Depending on a bination of core petence theory, this paper is in view of the status quo of the estate enterprise'core petitive ability in China,then bines the author's opinion under the help of the related books,documents and the teacher, and finally turn out the means of the construction of enterprises'core petitive ability . Keywords The Core Competiveness of Enterprises Brand Strategy Enterpise Culture

Urban vulnerable groups is in the interests of the economic system transformation relative damage, marginalized groups, with social transformation, economic restructuring and social factors such as industrial restructuring, urban vulnerable groups is being increasingly prominent, and has affected our economy development and social equity. Based on the situation of vulnerable groups of urban studies, that the size of the vulnerable groups in recent years in increasing the survival of the city status of vulnerable groups have not been effective improvement, therefore, an urgent need for government-led, to establish and improve various policies and mechani *** s to protect the basic rights of vulnerable groups in order to achieve the goal of building a well.

Along with continuous development of market economy and intensive structural reform of publish industry, financial management play a more and more important role on the development and management of publishing enterprise. Publishing enterprises must change their concepts and pay attention to financial management, building and insisting on the sense of innovation and human-oriented financial management, actively exploring and building a sound financial management system which is adaptive to market economic management system and operation mechani *** . Publishing enterprises must try a variety of ways and means to resolve the outstanding issues in financial management, making effort to improve the qualities of financial workers, strengthening the informational construction of financial management, realizing continuous innovation on financial centralized management and aounts receivable management, so as to promote the publishing industry develop in a healthy and good direction.

Abstract: The woman known as half of the sky in an era of growing concern in the feminist context, hold up half the sky in other men - their pressure, their difficulties, their sad, seems to have been used to And even taken for granted. But Chili as one of the representatives of women writers, she works in many men have expressed the concern of this group. Loss of life, questions of love, of self-worth of confusion, as the mon challenge facing the hero. Thus, character. environment. the fate of one man without the image of the intersection in question to the reality: our way is, Where is tomorrow? 摘要还必须包括关键词的。

英文摘要可以用百度翻译,然后复制上去,目录设定很简单,在word或者wps里面有目录设定,选中目录点选那个目录设定可以来设定是一级目录还是二级目录的。

[Abstract] In the 1980s and 1990s last century, the economy developed at a high speed with the sacrifice of damaging the environments which caused serious environmental problems and social problems. Gov and society began to think about it, therefore in the process of production and manufacturing, enterprises should take the corporate social responsibility (CSR). With the improvement of social system, many enterprises have realized the problem of social responsibility. More and more enterprises find that it is not contradicted beeen achieving the individual economic goal and fulfilling the social goal. To enhance the consciousness and initiative of fulfilling the social responsibility, enterprises should fulfill the social responsibility to convey related information to the society. It plays a key role to develop the social responsibility and social responsibility investments because it can better bring in the public opinion pressure and Gov supervision. High moral standards aord with the enterprises’ long-term benefit which will help gain reputation and trust in the daily operation and long-term cooperation. Enterprises can really catch the advantage of taking the social responsibility, the policy and regulation that push the enterprises to fulfill the social responsibility so that to find appropriate conduct system. Key Words: Corporate Social Responsibility, corporate obligation, significance of social responsibility, harmonious society

This thesis presents a detailed *** ysis of the current situation of the private enterprises of Chaoshan, gave emphasized *** ysis on both the advantage of its development and problems lied in, and found out the advantages as well as limitations of the district of Chaoshan. On the basis of this, this thesis also studied on the New Wenzhou Mode, while in the meantime proposed advices on the future development of private enterprises of Chaoshan district in view of strategy.

据学术堂了解,摘要是每篇论文不可或缺的一部分,不论职称论文还是毕业论文,摘要是少不了的。那么摘要是什么呢?摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分.它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单,明确,易懂,精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,留主干去枝叶,提取论文的主要信息.作者的观点,论文的主要内容,研究成果,独到的见解,这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。为了便于索引与查找,易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息,论文摘要应以第三人称写作,应是一篇具有独立性的短文。下面是为大家整理的本科毕业论文摘要怎么写的相关知识,欢迎参考。一、本科毕业论文摘要基本要求论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定,通常中文摘要不超过300字,英文摘要不超过250个实词,中英文摘要应一致。二、本科毕业论文摘要怎么写1.摘要的字数摘要字数要求在300~400字之间。2.摘要的基本规范(1)应以第三人称写作.摘要是完整的短文,具有独立性,可以单独使用.即使不看论文全文的内容,仍然可以理解论文的主要内容,作者的新观点和想法以及论文所要实现的目的,采取的方法,研究的结果与结论。(2)叙述完整,突出逻辑性,短文结构要合理。(3)文字简明扼要,不容赘言,采用直接表述的方法,不使用不必要的文学修饰,做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。(4)摘要中不使用特殊字符,图表以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式,不能列举例证。3.摘要的内容构成要素目的,方法,对象和结论称为摘要的四要素(1)目的:毕业论文研究的范围,目的,重要性。(2)方法:毕业论文的使用了哪些研究方法。(3)成果:陈述毕业论文研究成果。(4)结论:通过对问题的研究所得出的重要结论及主要观点(简写。4.英文摘要撰写与词汇(1)概述(30词左右):用最简洁的语言概括论文内容。例如:Thispaper is…或 This study focuses on…(2)目的(30词左右):用To…就可以了,没有必要使用 in order to 或者 for the purpose of 等较长的表述。(3)方法(50词左右):尽可能具体地说明操作的步骤,其中注意时态的使用。常用的词汇有:test,study, investigate, examine, analyze, measure, application 等。(4)结果(50词左右):直入主题地摆出结果,如 This papershows… 或 The results are…(5)结论(60词左右):删去类似于“The result of thestudy showedthat…” 的赘语,逐条罗列出结论。(6)展望(20词左右):指出研究对未来的意义,如 This paperis of greatsignificance in… 或指出不足。5.语态规范的学术文章通常采用被动语态,突出信息。但由于主动语态的表述更为清楚,现在有些地方也要求采用主动语态。6.人称最好不要出现I,we等第一人称代词,而是使用第三人称,如the author等。7.时态摘要的时态以一般现在时为主,表示一种存在于自然界的客观规律。在特殊的情况下可以使用一般过去时或现在完成时,用来表明一定范围内的结论或是某一过程的延续性。描述具体的动作时通常用一般过去时,总结主要的结果时通常用一般现在时。三、总结内容摘要是全文内容的缩影,也是正文的附属部分,一般放置在论文的篇首。以极经济的笔墨,勾画出全文的整体面目;提出主要论点、揭示论文的研究成果、简要叙述全文的框架结构。250字至300字较为合适。不要过多,也不要太短。

论文易-致力于为用户提供最好的学术平台Abstract是对论文最精髓的提炼。其重要性体现在:将论文发给审稿人后,审稿人一般会用最短的时间阅读abstract,判断论文内容是否为其所熟悉的领域,决定是否接受审稿。故abstract和 Coverletter一样是论文的门面,会给审稿人留下极为重要的第一印象。如果“第一口苹果的味道不好”,审稿人会拒绝评审您的论文。这样会使得杂志需要再次筛选合适的审稿人而延长审稿时间。更为严重的是,有的审稿人甚至会直接寻找理由建议主编退稿。此外,abstract 也是电子期刊数据库免费提供的部分,能读到abstract的读者远比能读到全文的读者多得多,读者会根据abstract来判断是否需要阅读全文,因此abstract的清楚表达十分重要。杂志对摘要的形式要求大致可以分为:报道性摘要(informativeabstract)、指示性摘要(indicative abstract)和报道指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)三种。摘要一定要简明扼要(多数杂志会在投稿指南中标明要求的规定数字),按照规定的顺序介绍主要的研究目的(objective)、研究背景(background)、研究过程(methods andmaterials)、结果 (results)以及结论(conclusion),这种介绍必须让审稿专家及读者能够看懂并把握整个实验的主要过程及结果。撰写摘要常采用的句型:(1)以to eluicdatie the mechanism..…,to investigate..…, 或者 for the purpose of ..,讲述研究目的。注意写出最适合表达目的的动词。(2)… was/were carried out..写研究的内容及方法,注意一般是过去时态。(3) The results showed that ,讲述研究得出的主要结果。不一定要面面俱到地列出具体数据,可根据杂志习惯把握详细程度。(4) The result of the present work implied that.,讲述您得出的结论。这种表达方法会让读者感到作者对科学研究具有严谨的态度,使其对结果的可信度增高。注意要避免空泛、夸大结论等常见问题。另外,在写abstract时应尽可能避免用到参考文献,如果一定要用,那么一定要将全部细节写出来。要始终记住一点,abstract是一个独立的部分;换句话说,别人不看您的论文,只看您的abstract就能了解您的研究工作。经验是:在写论文正文时,先写一篇abstract的草稿,使这个草稿发挥正文提纲的作用,写完正文;正文定稿以后,回过头再检查abstract能否堪任论文最精华缩影的作用,如果不能则再做修改。始终记住好的abstract和好的论文一样是改出来的,不是写出来的。写作中需要谨慎、正确地使用时态,因为科学领域的职业道德规范决定了在撰写论文是应正确使用时态。论文发表后,其内容就成为科技领域中的已有知识;后人在提及发表的科研成果,都应该表示出应有的尊敬:而表示尊敬的方法就是使用现在时态。相反,如果已发表的研究成果后来被证实是错误的,那么在论文中提及该研究结果时使用过去式更为合适。

论文摘要英文翻译怎么弄

在2010版的word内就有这个功能。(选中要翻译的文字,点击鼠标右键弹出任务栏中就有“翻译”选项,点击“翻译”,选择英文翻译,再把光标置于要插入文本点点击插入就ok啦。另外还可以下载翻译小工具,直接进行翻译就搞定了。我帮你翻:The relationship between accounting regulation and tax law issues is a complex issue, market-oriented economic development in the course of the difference between the two will gradually have an adverse impact on economic development, how to better deal with the differences between the two has become China's economy reform process of the outstanding issues.。Differences in accounting standards and tax laws, and in the accounting and property tax measures taken by the different accounting and tax law, "the authenticity of the principle of" different, accounting "sound principle" and tax "payments to determine" the difference in accounting "importance of the principles "and tax" legal principle "and the accounting and tax 。differences on the" substance over form "understanding and implementation differen。Differences between accounting and tax accounting exist mainly due to the legislative goals and purposes of various tax, corporate accounting must adhere to the "accrual" basis, the enterprise must consider the International Accounting Standards, and economic globalization. Tax laws should be based on the provisions of this tax adjustmentces.

在下图的页面中找到【文本翻译】按钮,点击它进入翻译界面。由于【文本翻译】会帮助我们即时翻译,为了在翻译过程中不出现错误,我们需要先对翻译语言进行调整,在右上角点击两个下拉箭头就可以切换翻译语种啦。可以看到这里有很多种语言供我们选择,如果我们有其他翻译需求也可以用这种方式解决哦。接下来就可以在页面左侧的空白处输入需要翻译的文本了,翻译结果会出现在右侧的对话框中哦,开启【双语对照】就可以查看每一句话对应的翻译结果啦。

写论文摘要时以一般现在时为主。

介绍背景知识时,要用一般现在时,例如:

Speech recognition is the task of converting speech into text.

叙述研究现状时,也可以用一般现在时,例如:

This essay is to analyse how the era influences corporate cultures, and to give suggestions on the building of corporate cultures.

叙述研究结果时,大多数用一般过去时,例如:

Our text achieved the possibility above.

1、首先论文摘要翻译成英文可以借助一些翻译软件。2、其次把英文摘要写好了以后上传至翻译软件中。3、最后自己对照翻译后的内容进行修改即可。

参考文献文章摘要怎么弄

需要提供检索页就是知网可以检索到论文的那个网址(有摘要的那一页),里面有姓名,文章题目,摘要,参考文献等,也可以把这一页打印出来。

论文索引情况按论文中所引用文献或注释编号的顺序列在论文正文之后,参考文献之前。图表或数据必须注明来源和出处。参考文献是期刊时,书写格式为:[编号]、作者、文章题目、期刊名(外文可缩写)、年份、卷号、期数、页码。

扩展资料

根据省人事厅《关于调整专业技术资格条件论文发表刊物等级划分规定通知》粤人发(2005)300号文精神,著作论文要求,可简单概括为:

申报高级:要在具有CN刊号、ISSN刊号的专业期刊发表论文2-3篇或在具有CN刊号的专业期刊发表论文1篇以上,以及解决复杂技术问题而撰写的有较高水平的专项技术分析(论证)报告2篇以上。

申报中级:要在具有CN刊号、ISSN刊号的专业期刊发表论文1篇或在具有CN刊号,以及解决技术问题而撰写的专项技术分析(论证)报告1篇以上。

不会找文献的人一定要看!分享6种找文献途径!1、百度学术百度学术是一个较大的文献知识库,包含好几个中英文数据库,因而内容会比较宽泛。知网中的文献也会收录在百度学术中,其他包含的数据库还有万方、维普及其一些英文数据库,英文数据库会在下面单独介绍。进入百度搜索百度学术,输入需要的关键词、作者或期刊名称都可以得到你想要的内容。2. Wiley Online library这个文献数据库百度学术中也包含,只是我们常常用百度学术习惯去搜中文文献,因此把它们单独拿出来讲。搜索方法也是进入百度,输入WileyOnlinelibrary就进入下面这个界面,把你想要搜索的关键翻译成英文复制进去就可以了。3、 Springer这个数据库和 WileyOnlinelibrary类似,也是英文文献查阅里常用的数据库,WileyOnlinelibrary和 Springer的特点就是能够下载的文献相对较多。4、 ScienceDirect这个数据库简称就是Sci了,虽然百度学术里也有它的数据库,但是它也有自己的官网,搜索方法与上面相同,它里面的内容质量相对好一些,但是下载需要方法,我们下载的方法是使用sci-hub,这个可以帮助你在没有下载权限的情况下下载文章。5、rsc这个期刊也是化学期刊中相当不错的,虽然比不上ACS,但是能在这上面发一篇文章已经很好了。

问题一:论文摘要怎么写 一、论文摘要的定义 摘要一般应说明研究工作目的、实验方法、结果和最终结论等.而重点是结果和结论。中文摘要一般不宜超过300字,外文摘要不宜超过250个实词。除了实在迫不得已,摘要中不用图、表、化学结构式、非公知公用的符号和术语。摘要可用另页置于题名页(页上无正文)之前,学术论文的摘要一般置于题名和作者之后,论文正文之前。 论文摘要又称概要、内容提要。摘要是以提供文献内容梗概为目的,不加评论和补充解释,简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。其基本要素包括研究目的、方法、结果和结论。具体地讲就是研究工作的主要对象和范围,采用的手段和方法,得出的结果和重要的结论,有时也包括具有情报价值的其它重要的信息。摘要应具有独立性和自明性,并且拥有与文献同等量的主要信息,即不阅读全文,就能获得必要的信息。摘要不容赘言,故需逐字推敲。内容必须完整、具体、使人一目了然。英文摘要虽以中文摘要为基础,但要考虑到不能阅读中文的读者的需求,实质性的内容不能遗漏。 二、论文摘要的分类 根据内容的不同, 摘要可分为以下三大类: 报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道-指示性摘要 (1) 报道性摘要: 也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要, 其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论. 通常, 这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文. (2) 指示性摘要: 也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要或论点摘要, 一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题, 而不涉及论据和结论, 多用于综述、会议报告等. 该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文. (3) 报道-指示性摘要: 以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分, 以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分. 三、论文摘要的写法 目前,我国期刊上发表的论文,多采用报道性摘要。即包括论文的目的、方法、结果和结论等四部分内容。而毕业论文的摘要的写法多是采用指示性摘要的写法,即概括文章的主题和主要内容。在指示性摘要的写作过程中,作者首先应该对论文的写作背景做简单介绍,然后应该对文章的主要内容进行简单的介绍,主要是对文章的提纲做简要的介绍,最后要对文章的研究意义进行介绍。 四、论文摘要写作的注意事项 (1)摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。 (2)不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》,摘要的开头就不要再写:“为了……,对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。 (3)结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯,互相呼应。摘要慎用长句,句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词,但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文,电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。 (4)用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。 (5)要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。 (6)除了实在无法变通以外,一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。 (7)不用引文,除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。 (8))缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以......>> 问题二:论文摘要怎么写才精炼啊? 10分 你好,很乐意为你解答, 首先要明确中心论点, 还用知道从哪些方面去阐述观点 问题三:论文摘要怎么写 摘要(Abstract) 论文一般应有摘要,有些为了国际交流,还有外文(多用英文)摘要。它是论文内容不加注释和评论的 简短陈述。其他用是不阅读论文全文即能获得必要的信息。 摘要应包含以下内容: ①从事这一研究的目的和重要性; ②研究的主要内容,指明完成了哪些工作; ③获得的基本结论和研究成果,突出论文的新见解; ④结论或结果的意义。 论文摘要虽然要反映以上内容,但文字必须十分简炼,内容亦需充分概括,篇幅大小一般限制其字数不超过论文字数的5%。例如,对于6000字的一篇论文,其摘要一般不超出300字。 论文摘要不要列举例证,不讲研究过程,不用图表,不给化学结构式,也不要作自我评价。 撰写论文摘要的常见毛病,一是照搬论文正文中的小标题(目录)或论文结论部分的文字;二是内容不浓缩、不概括,文字篇幅过长。 问题四:论文应该怎么写,需要的格式,摘要,前言 结论怎么写 正文怎么写 200分 论文格式 1、论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录) 3、提要:是文章主要内容的摘录,要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字,多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的,是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语,便于信息系统汇集,以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词,另起一行,排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词,在确定主题词时,要对论文进行主题,依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文: (1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言,用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图,说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体,正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容: a.提出-论点; b.分析问题-论据和论证; c.解决问题-论证与步骤; d.结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料,列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页,标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是: (1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物,以便读者考证。 (2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。 问题五:文章摘要怎么写啊 摘要中应排除本学科领域已成为常识的内容;切忌把应在引言中出现的内容写入摘要;一般也不要对论文内容作诠释和评论(尤其是自我评价)。2) 不得简单重复题名中已有的信息。比如一篇文章的题名是《几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎发生的研究》,摘要的开头就不要再写:“为了……,对几种中国兰种子试管培养根状茎的发生进行了研究”。3) 结构严谨,表达简明,语义确切。摘要先写什么,后写什么,要按逻辑顺序来安排。句子之间要上下连贯,互相呼应。摘要慎用长句,句型应力求简单。每句话要表意明白,无空泛、笼统、含混之词,但摘要毕竟是一篇完整的短文,电报式的写法亦不足取。摘要不分段。4) 用第三人称。建议采用“对……进行了研究”、“报告了……现状”、“进行了……调查”等记述方法标明一次文献的性质和文献主题,不必使用“本文”、“作者”等作为主语。5) 要使用规范化的名词术语,不用非公知公用的符号和术语。新术语或尚无合适汉文术语的,可用原文或译出后加括号注明原文。6) 除了实在无法变通以外,一般不用数学公式和化学结构式,不出现插图、表格。7) 不用引文,除非该文献证实或否定了他人已出版的著作。8) 缩略语、略称、代号,除了相邻专业的读者也能清楚理解的以外,在首次出现时必须加以说明。科技论文写作时应注意的其他事项,如采用法定计量单位、正确使用语言文字和标点符号等,也同样适用于摘要的编写。目前摘要编写中的主要问题有:要素不全,或缺目的,或缺方法;出现引文,无独立性与自明性;繁简失当。

毕业论文英文摘要怎么写

Human resource plays the pivotal role in social economy development increasingly. 5P model is regarded as a very important model in human resource management, while it delivers the huge purpose and instant effect. But we have to realize that the application of 5P needs to one environment that cooperation of every department and plan the relevant policies, therefore enterprises utilize 5P model depending on practical situation. This anticle tries to realize the huge effect of 5P model very well through both discussing the content of 5P model and 洛北春酒业集团`s successful experience.

论文中英文摘要写什么

论文中英文摘要写什么,怎么写呢?下面是我为大家收集的关于论文中英文摘要写什么,希望能够帮到大家!

1.摘要的作用

摘要也就是内容提要,是论文中不可缺少的一部分。论文摘要是一篇具有独立性的短文,有其特别的地方。它是建立在对论文进行总结的基础之上,用简单、明确、易懂、精辟的语言对全文内容加以概括,留主干去枝叶,提取论文的主要信息。作者的观点、论文的主要内容、研究成果、独到的见解,这些都应该在摘要中体现出来。好的摘要便于索引与查找,易于收录到大型资料库中并为他人提供信息。因此摘要在资料交流方面承担着至关重要的作用。

2.书写摘要的基本规范和原则

(1)论文摘要分为中文摘要和外文(一般为英文)摘要。摘要在篇幅方面的限定,不同的.学校和机构有不同的要求,通常中文摘要不超过300字,英文摘要不超过250个实词,中英文摘要应一致。毕业论文摘要可适当增加篇幅。

(2)多向指导教师请教,并根据提供的意见及时修改,以期达到更高水平。

(3)摘要是完整的短文,具有独立性,可以单独使用。即使不看论文全文的内容,仍然可以理解论文的主要内容、作者的新观点和想法、课题所要实现的目的、采取的方法、研究的结果与结论。

(4)叙述完整,突出逻辑性,短文结构要合理。

(5)要求文字简明扼要,不容赘言,提取重要内容,不含前言、背景等细节部分,去掉旧结论、原始数据,不加评论和注释。采用直接表述的方法,删除不必要的文学修饰。摘要中不应包括作者将来的计划以及与此课题无关的内容,做到用最少的文字提供最大的信息量。

(6)摘要中不使用特殊字符,也不使用图表和化学结构式,以及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式,不列举例证。

3.摘要的四要素

目的、方法、结果和结论称为摘要的四要素。

(1)目的:指出研究的范围、目的、重要性、任务和前提条件,不是主题的简单重复。

(2)方法:简述课题的工作流程,研究了哪些主要内容,在这个过程中都做了哪些工作,包括对象、原理、条件、程序、手段等。

(3)结果:陈述研究之后重要的新发现、新成果及价值,包括通过调研、实验、观察取得的数据和结果,并剖析其不理想的局限部分。

(4)结论:通过对这个课题的研究所得出的重要结论,包括从中取得证实的正确观点,进行分析研究,比较预测其在实际生活中运用的意义,理论与实际相结合的价值。

4.撰写步骤

摘要作为一种特殊的陈述性短文,书写的步骤也与普通类型的文章有所不同。摘要的写作时间通常在论文的完成之后,但也可以采用提早写的方式,然后再边写论文边修改摘要。首先,从摘要的四要素出发,通读论文全文,仔细将文中的重要内容一一列出,特别是每段的主题句和论文结尾的归纳总结,保留梗概与精华部分,提取用于编写摘要的关键信息。然后,看这些信息能否完全、准确的回答摘要的四要素所涉及的问题,并要求语句精炼。若不足以回答这些问题,则重新阅读论文,摘录相应的内容进行补充。最后,将这些零散信息,组成符合语法规则和逻辑规则的完整句子,再进一步组成通畅的短文,通读此短文,反复修改,达到摘要的要求。

5.关于英文摘要

(1)英文摘要的写作方法要依据公认的写作规范。

(2)尽量使用简单句,避免句型单调,表达要求准确完整。

(3)正确使用冠词。

(4)使用标准英语书写,避免使用口语,应使用易于理解的常用词,不用生僻词汇。

(5)作者所做工作用过去时,结论用现在时。

(6)多使用主动语态。

6.关键词

关键词是为了文献标引工作从报告、论文中选出来用以表示全文主题内容信息目的单词术语。每篇报告、论文选取3~8个词作为关键词,以显着的字符另起一行,排在摘要的左方。如有可能,尽量用《汉语主题词表》等词表提供的规范词。为了国际交流,应标注与中文对应的英文关键词。

关键词是主题词中的一类。主题词是一种新型检索词汇,多用于计算机网络检索。

关键词分为中文关键词和与之对应的英文关键词,分别置于中文摘要和英文摘要之下。为便于他人的检索,不能使用过于宽泛的词语。选择关键词既可以从论文的各级标题入手,也可以从论文本身的内容选取,将选出的关键词按照所涉及领域的范围从大到小顺序列出。

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