二者区别较大，写作方式也不尽相同。报告侧重于事物或事情的前因后果，发展变化过程，以及最终的影响或结果；而论文侧重于围绕论点，进行分析论证，剖析相关因素对论点的作用与影响，根据论证分析与推定，最终得出结论。由此可见，二者的区别还是比较大的。
报告和论文在内容上存在一定的区别。相对而言，论文字数内容比较简练，仅仅表达研究工作中最主要、最精彩的内容。它有结论但没有研究过程描述。而论文可以将整个研究过程内容都写进去。在创造性方面上，论文需要提出明确的观点，而报告注重实际问题，不需要有确定性的观点 。 报告由论文在研究过程中有区别 。论文注重论，运用的术语概念必须非常严谨规范。而报告注重事实和数据来说明现象 。
研究报告与学术论文的区别是：
1. 研究报告与学术论文在内容要求上存在着一定的差别
一般来说，论文比较简洁精炼，它仅仅突出表达一项研究工作中最主要、最精彩和具有创造性的内容。论文含有新的见解或形成新的解释、新论点、新理论，没有一般研究过程的叙述，也没有过多的具体材料；而科研报告则可以将整个研究工作的重要过程、方法和环节都写进去。
2. 研究报告与学术论文在创新性方面存在差别
在创新性方面，学术论文必须在充分占有大量文献资料的基础上提出新见解、新理论，以补充已有研究的不足，纠正流行说法偏差，填补研究的空白，达到现有研究的新高；而研究报告则注重陈述研究过程的.事实和数据，说明问题，不一定必须要有创新性观点的形成。
3. 研究报告与学术论文在论证过程中存在差别
就论证过程来说，学术论文是以“论”成文的，论文作者要运用严谨规范的科学语言、形式和专业的术语概念，来论说所持的观点见解，论证所提出的理论模式，做到就事论理、以理服人，论述深刻、充分，论证严密、透彻，论断精当、公允，论据可靠、确凿，同时还要有较高的推理成分，具有较强的论理性；而研究报告则注重用事实与数据来说明和揭示某一问题或现象，主要凭事实和数据说话。
1.性质不同学术论文是某一学术课题在实验性、理论性或预测性上具有的新的科学研究成果或创新见解和知识的科学记录,或是某种已知原理应用于实际...研究报告包括多个行业,网站评价分析报告可以发挥多方面的作用:及时发现和改善网站。2.分类不同学术论文 (1)按研究的学科,可将学术论文分为自然科学论文和社会科学论文。
从概念上说:报告是理论应用是实践的过程；论文是从实践中提炼规律或者修正规律 形成理论的过程。
从研究面上讲:专题报告可以算是面。论文可以是点。专题报告所讲的内容是研究的面上的东西，而论文可以就专题研究中的某一个点开掘展开论述。报告要将研究对象的主要情况、主要做法，取得的经验、效果等，加以表述，要以数据和材料说话，内容力求既翔实又概括。
从内容上来说:报告是陈述、反映事实，论文是经过科学研究，论述研究成果 。 论文一定有自己的观点或结论，报告可以无。报告应该客观性多些，陈述事实和全部；论文主观性多些， 可以选择对自己论点有利的论据。论文是科研成果的高级表达形式，突出的是它的学术性；报告是科研成果的一般表达形式，其更加侧重于资料性。论文是要论证某个命题、假说或理论，报告重在能清楚地说明一件事情或现象。论文要包括论点，然后围绕论点提出论据以证明论点，通常步骤是：提出问题-论点分析问题-论据和论证解决问题-论证方法与步骤结论。而社会调查报告从概述，理论发展，研究方法，数据分析与结果，讨论与引申，结论。
作用不同:报告的应用性更强，论文学术性体现的更多一些。报告是通过对相关各因素的调查、研究和分析，评估项目可行性，为决策者和使用者提出建设性意见和对策；论文是为了表述在某个学术领域中对现象、问题的理论研究或创新见解的文章成果。
对象不同:报告一般有特定的读者对象，所以在行文中往往要针对读者的阅读目的与知识水平，为其决策和预测提供直接的信息与方向指导，考虑问题更讲究全面分析与问题覆盖。而论文的读者范围没有报告那么狭窄，注重已有理论的梳理、规范严谨的推导验证方法与创新地提出自己的见解，在推理中一般是严格控制一些因素的片面推导，一般还点出进一步研究的方向。
深度不同：报告更多是对经验和事实的陈述，缺理论支撑。论文则需要把普遍现象上升为理论或规律，是学术成果。论文强调要有新的方法或者新的思想。而报告可以是已经成熟的理论的应用。
其实形式一样,但类型不同.实习报告是指你在毕业前在外面实习时的体验和感想,再加上以后要怎么去对待自己所面对的问题.毕业论文是指你对你学所的专业,阐述你的观点(从认识写到实计再到末来发展),就像写议论文差不多.我是这样认为的,我也是这么做的别人我不知道....
报告和论文的区别
从写作目的来看，学术论文主要阐述学术见解，报告主要报告结果；
从内容要求来看，学术论文需要选取与论证有关的数据，形成论文，而研究报告则叙述研究工作的全过程，不要求得出结论；
从资料引用来看，学术论文可在正文中引用他人数据，研究报告在结果中只能如实地叙述本课题的观测所得；
从撰写格式来看，学术论文无固定格式，研究报告有；
从保密性来看，学术论文保密性低，研究报告保密性强；
从发表时差来看，学术论文较长，研究报告较短。
毕业论文直接和学士学位挂钩,毕业论文答辩不通过的话你就无法取得学士学位. 毕业实习报告会被学校记入你的档案,和学士学位无关 这就是二者的区别 不过希望你可以顺利通过论文答辩,写好毕业实习报告
翻译的本质,翻译的过程可以用一句话来概括:“在透彻地理解原文意思的基础上用标准的汉语表述出来。”可见这是一个学习和再加工的过程。首先自己要准确2. 翻译质量有两个基本标准:第一个标准是符合原文的本来意思,就是要忠实原文,既不能随意增加原文中没有的意思,不能添枝加叶,也不能缺3. 翻译界通用的质量标准是“信、达、雅”,对于技术、学术和商务资料来说,只要求“信”和“达”不要求“雅”,所以对于我们此次的翻译篇章,写写帮文库翻译实践报告(精选五篇) - 写写帮文库第一部分为翻译项目介绍,包括项目的来源、意义以及报告结构等。第二部分为原作背景介绍,包括作者简介、主要内容和原作分析等。第三部分为翻译难点与翻译方法,包括翻译难点分析、
可以。毕业论文翻译实践报告是可以用机翻的，但是翻译过后需要自己检查改正一下，以免有错误。毕业论文（graduation study）是专科及以上学历教育为对本专业学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前撰写的论文。毕业论文一般安排在修业的最后一学年（学期）进行，论文题目由教师指定或由学生提出，学生选定课题后进行研究，撰写并提交论文，目的在于培养学生的科学研究能力，加强综合运用所学知识、理论和技能解决实际问题的训练，从总体上考查学生大学阶段学习所达到的学业水平。
英语专业论文选题可分为以下几个学科方向
英语是全球化时代绝大多数国际型活动的首选工作语言。作为公认的使用最普遍的国际通用语言或全球通用语，英语被广泛地运用于会议、期刊和图书出版、新闻传播等方面。以下是我精心整理的英语专业论文选题可分为以下几个学科方向，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
一、 语言学(语言学一般理论的研究);
二、 英美文学(英美文学的文化研究、作品分析等);
三、 翻译学(翻译理论与实践探讨、译本研究以及名家名著翻译作品对比研究等);
四、 英美文化(英美加澳新等西方国家文化以及与汉文化的比较研究);
五、 教学法(英语教学法、测试学等方面的研究)。
英语专业毕业论文什么题目最好写?
作为英专毕业学姐，我认为翻译实践报告最好写，因为翻译一篇文章的论文只需要自己好好翻就行，不需要出门做实践调查问卷。
附：英语专业论文参考选题(Suggested Topics of Graduation Papers for English Majors)
1. A Brief Analysis of the Heroine Personality in Jane Eyre 《简爱》的主人翁个性分析
2. A Brief Comment on O’Henry Short Stories 亨利的短篇小说述评
3. A Comment on Hardy’s Fatalism 评哈代的宿命论
4. A Comparison between the Themes of Pilgrimage to the West and Pilgrim’s Progress 《西游记》与《天路历程》主题的比较
5. A Probe into the Feminist Idea of Jane Eyre 《简爱》男女平等思想的探索
6. A Study of Native American Literature 美国本土文学的研究
7. A Study of Student-Centered English Vocabulary Teaching 以学生为中心的英语词汇教学
8. A Study of the Translation of Sports Terms 体育专有名词的翻译
9. A Study of Transitional Words and Expressions 过渡词及表达法的研究
10. About the Breaking of American Dream from the Great Gatsby 从《了不起的盖茨比》看美国梦的破碎
11. About the Quality-oriented Education in English Language Teaching 英语教学中的素质教育
12. About Transform of Parts of Speech in Translation 论翻译中词性的转换
13. Application of English Idioms in Daily Life 英语习语在日常生活中的运用
14. Body Language Difference in Meaning in Cross-cultural Communication 体态语在跨文化交际中的意义差异
15. Characterization in Charles Dickens’ Novels 狄更斯小说中的人物塑造
16. Choice of Correct Words in Translation在翻译中如何准确选词
17. Comment on Bernard Shaw’s Dramatic Art 评肖伯纳的戏剧艺术
18. Comparing First and Second Language Acquisitions 二语习得与母语的比较研究
19. Cross-culture Failures by Chinese learners of English中国英语学习者跨文化交际中的误区
20. Cultural Differences and Idiomatic Expressions in Translation 论翻译中的文化差异及习惯表达法
21. Cultural Factors and Limitations in Translation 翻译的文化因素局限性
22. Developing Students’ Cultural Awareness through Foreign Language Teaching 通过外语教学培养学生的文化意识
23. Dialectics in Translation 翻译中的辩证法
24. Differences between Audio-lingual Method and Functional Approach 听说法与交际法的区别
25. Effects of Learner’s Motivation in Foreign Language Learning 外语学习中学习动机的影响
26. English Classroom Teaching: Teacher-dominant or Student-centered 英语课堂教学——教师主宰还是学生中心
27. Error Analysis in English Learning as a Foreign Language 英语学习中的错误分析研究
28. Euphemistic Expressions in Foreign Affairs 外事用语中的委婉表达
29. Features of Network English 网络英语的特点
30. Food Culture in America and China 中美饮食文化比较
31. How to Appreciate English Prose: Traditional and Modern Ways 如何欣赏英语散文——传统与现代方法比较
32. Humor and Satire in Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》的幽默与讽刺
33. Influence of Mark Twain’s Works in China 马克吐温的`作品在中国的影响
34. Influence of Science and Technology on English Vocabulary 科学技术对英语词汇的影响
35. Information Theory and Translation 信息论与翻译
36. Inter-Translation of English and Chinese Proverbs 英汉谚语的互译
37. Jane Austen and the Heroine in Pride and Prejudice 简奥丝丁和《傲慢与偏见》的女主人
38. Lexical Gaps in Chinese and English Inter-Translation 英汉互译的词义差异
39. Linguistic Features of Abraham Lincoln’s Addresses 论林肯演说词的语言特征
40. Linguistic Features of Business Contracts 商务合同的语言特征
41. Linguistic Features of English Advertisements 英语广告的语言特征
42. Linguistic Taboos in Chinese and English Languages 谈汉英语言中的禁忌现象
43. Logical Fallacies in English Writing 英文写作中的逻辑谬误
44. Metaphoric Expressions in Poem … 论《…》诗中的暗喻
45. Methods and Procedures in Language Teaching 语言教学的方法及过程
46. Needs Analysis of Language Learners 语言学习者的需求分析
47. On Attitudes and Motivation in Second Language Learning 论第二语言学习的态度及动机
48. On Charles Dickens Style in … 论狄更斯的《…》中的语言风格
49. On T.S. Eliot’s Mythological Consciousness 论艾略特的神话意识
50. On Teacher-Learner Classroom Communication 论教师与学生之间的课堂交流
51. On the Character of Shylock in The Merchant of Venice 论《威尼斯商人》中的人物夏洛克
52. On the Criteria of Translation 议翻译标准
53. On the Development of Jane Eyre’s Character 论简爱的性格发展
54. On the Feasibility of Communicative Approach in China 谈交际法在中国的可行性
55. On the Functions of Ambiguity in English 论英语歧义的功能
56. On the Humour of Mark Twain 马克吐温的幽默观
57. On the Importance of Translation Theory 翻译理论的重要性
58. On the Learning Strategy of English as a Foreign language 谈英语的学习策略
59. On the Linguistic Features of the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利费恩历险记》的语言特点
60. On the Poetry of Robert Frost (1874-1963) 评议弗罗斯特的诗歌
61. On the Poetry of William Wordsworth (1770-1885) 评议沃兹沃斯的诗歌
62. On the Principles for Translation 浅议翻译原则
63. On the Relations of Basic Language Skills 基本语言技能的关系
64. On the Similarities and Differences of the Speeches by Elder and Younger Bush 论老布什、小布什语言风格的异同
65. On the Style of Withering Heights 《呼啸山庄》的文体分析
66. On the Tragedy of Loman’s Family in Death of A Salesman 《推销员之死》中罗曼一家的悲剧
67. On the Vividness and Images in Poem … 论《…》诗文的生动性与比喻
68. On the Words and Expressions Belittling the Female 蔑视女性的词汇和表达法
69. On the Writing / Translation of Foreign Trade Contracts 论涉外经济合同写作/翻译
70. On Translation of Computer Terms 论计算机的术语翻译
71. On Translation of Tourist Guide 论旅游指南的翻译
72. On Translation of Trade Names and Names of Export Commodities 论商标、出口商品名称的翻译
73. On Winston Churchill’s Prose Writing 评邱吉尔的散文写作
74. Parallelism in English英语中的排比现象
75. Personality Factors to the Success of Foreign Language Learning 个性因素在外语学习中的作用
76. Points of View and the Mode of Discourse in Vanity Fair 论《名利场》的观点及言语方式
77. Politeness and Indirect Speech Acts 礼貌与间接言语行为
78. Pragmatic Failures in the Cross-cultural Communication 跨文化交际中的语用失误
79. Professional Skills for Foreign Language Teachers in Chinese Middle Schools 中国中学外语教师的专业技能
80. Relations of Speed and Understandability in Reading Comprehension 阅读理解中速度与理解性之间的关系
81. Relationship between … Theory and Language Research 论…理论与语言研究的关系
82. Relationship of Age to SLA (Second Language Acquisition) 论年龄与第二语言习得的关系
83. Rhetorical and Narrative Devices in A Farewell to Arms 《永别了，武器》的修辞与描写手法
84. Scarlet and Black in The Scarlet Letter 《红字》中的红与黑
85. Semantic Analysis of Nominalisation in EST 科技英语名词化语义分析
86. Sex Differentiation and Sexism in English Language 论英语中的性别现象及性别歧视
87. Similarities and Dissimilarities of British and American Englishes论英式英语和美式英语的异同
88. Social Context in the Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 外语教学中的社会语境
89. Study of “Hemingway Style” 论“海明威风格”
90. Symbolism in Idiomatic Expressions 论习语中的象征手法
91. Syntactical Features of Business English 谈商务英语写作的句法特征
92. Syntax in John Milton’s Paradise Lost 弥尔顿的《失乐园》的句法探讨
93. Techniques of Theme Production in Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》主题的表现手法
94. The Application of Communicative Approach Techniques in Modern Foreign Language Teaching and Learning 交际法的教学手段在现代外语教学中的运用
95. The Characteristics of Computer Language Vocabulary 计算机语言词汇的特点
96. The Cognitive and Affective Factors in Task-based English Teaching英语任务型教学中的认知和情感因素
97. The E/C Translation of Metaphors 暗喻的英汉翻译
98. The Function of Grammar in English Study 英语学习中语法的功能
99. The Influence of L1 on the Learning of a Foreign Language 母语对外语学习的影响
100. The Influence of Wars on American Literature 战争对美国文学的影响
101. The Linguistic Charms of the Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆索亚历险记》的语言魅力
102. The Negation in Translation 论正说反译和反说正译
103. The Role of Grammatical Rules in English Language Learning 语法规则在英语学习中的地位
104. The Significance of Communicative Competence in Foreign Language Testing 外语测试中交际能力的重要性
105. The Theory of “Dynamic Equivalence” and its Application in E/C Translation 等效翻译理论及其在英汉翻译中的应用
106. The Translation of Proper Names 专有名词的翻译
107. The Understanding and Translation of Attributive Clause 定语从句的理解与翻译
108. The Use of Nouns in English 英语中名词的使用
109. The Ways of Expressing Emphatic Ideas in English 英语中强调语气的表达方式
110. Thomas Hardy and his Tess of the D’Urbervilles 哈代和他的《苔丝》
111. Translation of Rhetoric Devices in EST (English for Science and Technology) 论科技英语中修辞格的翻译方法
112. Translation Techniques of Idioms and Slangs 成语、俚语的翻译技巧
113. Translation Techniques of Proverbs, Loanwords and Colloquialisms 谚语、外来语和俗语的翻译技巧
日语翻译毕业论文范文一、论文说明本团队专注于毕业论文写作与辅导服务，擅长案例分析、编程仿真、图表绘制、理论分析等，论文写作300起，具体价格信息联系二、论文参考题目《我是猫》中的日语被动式表达与翻译思路：在日语学习中，日语被动句一直是一个难点。迄今为止，国内众多的日语学者和专家，从日语研究和学习的角度出发，多次发表了系统探讨和分析日语被动句的论述文章，为母语是汉语的日语学习者更好的掌握日语被动句起到了很好的借鉴作用。而翻译作为交流过程中沟通不同语言的桥梁，是用语言再创作的艺术，涉及两种或以上截然不同的语言、文字，通过对。第 1 页题目：日语连体修饰汉译问题思路：本论文是关于日语连体修饰节和被修饰名词(在本文中将其表示为“V连+N”的形式)与其翻译后形成的中文译文在句子结构上的对比研究。在日常学习中,人们一般容易认为日语中的“V连+N”和中文的“定语+体词性中心语”之间应该存在着强烈的对应关系,事实上日语的“V连+N”与其翻译后形成的中文句子在结构上不对应的句子为数不少。这些复。题目：日语长句的汉译技巧展开全文App内免费读全文前往文库APP签到领畅读卡，免费读日语翻译毕业论文...全文限免导长图转存到网盘发送至微信下载文档版权说明：本文档由用户提供并上传，收益专属归内容提供方，若内容存在侵权，请进行举报或认领第 2 页为您精选日语
可以。毕业论文翻译实践报告是可以用机翻的，但是翻译过后需要自己检查改正一下，以免有错误。毕业论文（graduation study）是专科及以上学历教育为对本专业学生集中进行科学研究训练而要求学生在毕业前撰写的论文。毕业论文一般安排在修业的最后一学年（学期）进行，论文题目由教师指定或由学生提出，学生选定课题后进行研究，撰写并提交论文，目的在于培养学生的科学研究能力，加强综合运用所学知识、理论和技能解决实际问题的训练，从总体上考查学生大学阶段学习所达到的学业水平。
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容：
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况：
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。
张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲：
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
翻译学论文开题报告
开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。
1、选题意义和背景
The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.
Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.
Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.
Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.
Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.
2、论文综述/研究基础
1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.
Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.
Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.
In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.
Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.
Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.
This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.
2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.
Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.
As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.
In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.
Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。
Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.