参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。
因参考文献的著录格式各刊不尽相同，投稿前作者应注意杂志稿约的有关规定，至少得先看看有关期刊发表的论文的参考文献是如何标注的，以了解有关期刊的参考文献的著录格式，以免出错。许多作者投递的稿件书写格式包括参考文献的著录格式与杂志所要求的不同。
坦率地讲，编辑和审稿专家也是人，工作中多少也有感情因素。如果拿到手中的是一篇书写格式不合要求的文章，别的暂且不论，就书写格式不规范这一条，就足以给编辑留下不好的印象，甚至让编辑做出退稿的决定。
就算最后没有被退稿，此类稿件较书写格式规范的稿件被录用的可能性大大降低。其实作者犯的是一个很低级的错误，让编辑很自然地联想到，该作者不太尊重期刊，还有期刊的编辑以及审稿专家。
因此，作者在投稿前一定要注意期刊参考文献的著录方式，以免产生不必要的负面影响。其实，并不复杂，只要稍稍留意即可。
写参考书的名称、作者、著作时间等，在论文的最后。
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献的正文注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
英语毕业论文参考文献注释格式范文
正文中的注释和参考文献是论文格式最为重要的部分，请论文作者逐条仔细阅读。建议先做好参考文献格式，再对照格式要求作夹注。
分脚注和夹注两种，。
1)脚注
正文内容如有需作出特别说明或解释之处以脚注的形式处理，编号格式设置为“○1,○2,○3…”，编号方式设置为“每页重新编号”，脚注会自动出现在当页正文下。字体采用默认值(小五号)。
2)夹注
对论文中的直接引用或间接引用部分所依据的文献以夹注的形式标出。夹注可以采用以下几种形式：
作者姓氏未在引文中出现，则夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，空一格字母再标出引文页码。为避免不必要的麻烦，中文作者用全名。
引用一位作者
“Time is no longer felt as an objective, causal progression with clearly marked-out differences between periods…” (Frank 20)
As the British novelist-critic Christine Brooke-Rose has put it, the novelists now have nothing new to tell since what should be told have been told altogether (Yin Qiping 33-35) .
引用两位作者
Medieval Europe was a place both of “raids, pillages, slavery, and extortion” and of “traveling merchants, monetary exchange, towns if not cities, and active markets in gain” (Townsend & Waugh 10-16).
作者有三个以上，
则在第一位作者的姓氏后写上et al.以示其余姓氏的省略，或列上全部姓氏，夹注中的形式应与参考文献中的形式保持一致。
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff et al. 19-35).
Modern Literary studies have their origin in classic studies (Graff, Goldberger, & Tarule 15-20).
同姓作者
还需加名的开头字母予以区分，如：
Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).
文本中不指名列举持某一观点的'作者
Others hold the opposite point of view (e.g., Jakobson 9;Waugh 34)
作者姓氏在引文中出现，则只需用括号标出引文页码
Graff defines his recent book, Professing Literature, as “a history of academic literary studies in the United States” (10).
如在引文中提及整个文献及作者姓氏(不必夹注，但参考文献中要注明相关出版信息)
Slade’s revision of Form and Style incorporates changes made in the 1995 edition of the MLA Handbook.
集体作者如果组织名称太长，第一次提及时可采用全称后加注缩略
The annual report revealed substantial progress in fundraising (American Museum of Natural History 12, hereafter AMNH).
以后直接用缩略形式做夹注
The report surveys the major problems in fundraising (AMNH 15).
引用多卷本中的一卷
Between the years 1945 and 1972, the political party system in the United States underwent profound changes (Schlesinger, vol. 4).
Schlesinger pointed out the profound changes the political party system in the United States underwent between 1945 and 1972 (4: 98-104).
引文出自同一作者的不同文献
引用同一作者的两篇以上的文献, 可以分别以文献名全名(如果文献全名简短的话)或文献名的缩略形式(如果文献全名较长的话)注释。
文本中未出现引文作者姓氏，也未出现文献名的，夹注用括号标出作者姓氏，姓氏后加逗号，空一格字母标出带下划线的该作者的书名，书名后空一格字母标出引文页码，如：
Shakespeare’s King Lear has been called a “comedy of the grotesque” (Frye, The Anatomy of Criticism 237).
文本中出现作者姓氏的，夹注用括号标出带下划线的该作者的书名，空一格字母再标出引文页码，如：
Shaughnessy points out that “the beginning writer does not know how writers behave” (Errors 79).
若引文出自杂志，则把文章名放在双引号内，空一格字母再标出引文页码，如：
Teachers applauded Shaughnessy’s assertion that “teaching them [beginning writers] to write well is not only suitable but challenging work for those who would be teachers and scholars in a democracy” (“Diving In” 68).
文本中既出现作者姓氏又出现该作者的书名或文章名，则只需标出引文页码
In The Age of Voltaire, the Durants portray eighteenth-century England as a minor force in the world of music and art (214-48).
一个夹注中涉及一篇以上文献
(Lauter 34; Crane 98)
...as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).
转引
Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (Johnson qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
Samuel Johnson admitted that Edmund Burke was an “extraordinary man” (qtd. in Boswell 2: 450)
引文来自于中文作者(对“孔子”等已有英文译名的必须使用标准译名，如Confucius 33; Mencius 22-25)
(Hu Zhuanglin 33)
(Zhu Xianzhi & Lin Chongde 89)
(Xu Guozhang et al. 33-35)
(Confucius 33)
短引文 (四行以内或诗歌三行以内)
引文须加双引号，括号内提供作者、页码(诗歌的话提供诗行)信息，标点符号在括号之后。如果问号、感叹号若是引文的一部分，则须放在引言内，否则，也放在括号之后。
According to some, dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184), though others disagree.
According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).
Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?
诗行与诗行之间用“/”隔开，如：
Cullen concludes, "Of all the things that happened there/ That's all I remember" (11-12).
长引文
如果引文较长，超过4行，拟另起一行，不加引号，左边缩进10个英文字母, 夹注紧随引文末尾，句点应放在引用括号之前。
At the conclusion of Lord of the Flies, Ralph and the other boys realize the horror of their actions:
The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. (186)
引文为两段或两段以上，或引文来自诗歌，或引文来自剧本，或引文附带译文，详细说明分别参考《MLA科研论文写作规范》82页;83-84页;85页;93页。注意引文来自诗歌等韵文时，可以篇次和行次代替夹注中的页码;引文来自剧本等文献时，以幕次、场次和行次代替页码。
引文中的添加与省略
在添加的词两头加“[ ]”。
Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78).
在省略的此处用省略号“…”代替，省略号前后各空一字母。
In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale ... and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).
词典词条
将词条在双引号中列出，后加 “def.”，空一字母后再加页码。
According to The Random House Dictionary of the English Language, “study” means “application of the mind to the acquisition of knowledge, as by reading, investigation, or reflection” (“Study,” def. 1888).
5. 关于参考文献
说明：
1)参考文献部分以Times New Roman小四号正体加粗居中标明“Works Cited”列在正文后(或尾注后)，另页书写。“Works Cited”与第一个参考文献之间空一行。不得罗列同正文没有直接关系的文献，参考文献条目与引文夹注要对应。外文文献排列在前，以姓氏的首字母为序排列，中文文献排列在后，以姓氏的拼音为序排列。每条文献顶格写，回行时英文空5个字母，中文空两格。
2) 建议论文作者多使用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献。引用英文原版图书和学术期刊文献至少2本(篇)以上。
4)主要作者(编者、译者)采用姓在前，名在后的形式，作者姓与名之间用逗号分隔(中文姓名不用分隔);2人以内全部写上，第2 者起姓名按正常顺序，两个主要作者(编者、译者)之间英语的加“&”、中文的加 “、”三个主要作者(编者、译者)以上只写第一人再加“et al.”或“等”(中文)。
5)英文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用斜体，如果图书中包含作品名，作品名使用正体。例如：
Parkes, Adam. Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Remains of the Day. New York & London: Continuum, 2001.
6)中文图书等采用汉英对照形式，以便正文中统一按照英文模式(格式同英文文献)做夹注，列中文图书、期刊、报纸一律使用书名号，作者与作者之间用“、”号，英 语文 献中的句点在中文文献中用宋体字体下的逗号代替、冒号也要是宋体字体下的冒号，且汉字之间或标点与汉字之间没有空格。中文文献的英文模式须加“[ ]”，下面参考文献格式不再赘述。例如：
王守仁、方杰，《英国文学简史》，上海：上海外语教育出版社，2006年。
[Wang Shouren & Fang Jie. A Concise History of English Literature. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006.]
7)除了版本研究(如翻译版本对照研究)之外，不宜将同一本书的英文版本和中文版本同时列为参考文献。英 语文 学论文作者必须使用所研究作品的英文版本。
8) 非单行本短篇小说一般应参照文章格式处理，例如：
Joyce, James. “Araby.” Dubliners. London: Penguin, 1967.
学术堂提供了十五个好写的英语翻译论文题目，供大家参考：1、谈英语谚语的翻译2、谈英语幽默的翻译3、英语汉译技巧初探4、地方名胜古迹汉译英5、翻译中常见错误分析6、中英思维方式的差异对翻译的影响7、会话含义的推导与翻译8、词汇的文化内涵与翻译9、语境在翻译中的作用10、翻译技巧探索11、商标词翻译12、广告语言的翻译13、论英汉互译中的语义等值问题14、英汉文化差异对翻译的影响15、英汉谚语的理解和翻译
提供一些英语专业翻译方向的论文题目，供参考。商务合同英汉互译技巧英文品牌汉译知识对于翻译的重要性中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏跨文化交际与商标翻译中式菜肴的命名与翻译浅谈英语电影片名的翻译英文电影片名的翻译策略英文化妆品广告之美学翻译数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究论语境在英汉翻译中的作用浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则中英服饰广告的翻译论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性论译者的风格与译风经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
我写的就是翻译。劝你不要写什么广告翻译啊，颜色词（比如红、黑）的翻译啊这样的，去年我们老师说每年写这些的太多了……我写的是 英汉称谓词的文化差异及其翻译
我才写完毕业论文，简直是折磨！我把我们系的题目给你，参考看看吧。我写的是文化类的。其实文学和文化类要比翻译和教育类好写得多，网上可以找到的参考资料也多。英美人文和历史研究：1，从跨文化的角度谈汉英思维及表达方式的差异2，论美国垮掉的一代3，美国牛仔的成功之路4，文艺复兴在英国文学史中的作用5，跨文化交际中英汉礼貌与面子6，中西方饮食文化的对比研究7，西方节日的变迁及文化内涵8，电影《喜福会》所表现的中西方文化差异（我就是这个题目）9，中美教育制度及教育理念的对比研究10，英汉称谓的差异及其文化内涵11，希腊神话对英美文化的影响12，英汉商标对英美文化的影响13，英语习语与西方文化14，浅谈英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵15，中美高等教育大众化路径的比较16，《阿甘正传》承载的美国青年文化17，《阿甘正传》美国传统价值观的呼唤与回归18，浅谈美国文化中的实用主义19，论美国宗教与政治20，《圣经》的文学性及其对中西文学的影响评述选题注意事项：1，选你自己感兴趣的题目，毕业论文是个浩大的工程，要是不能写自己想写的，相信我，在这漫长的写作时间里，你会相当痛苦的。2，题目不能太大，也不能太小，否则不好驾驭。最好是那种“从小角度看大问题”的题目。例如，我写喜福会这部电影，电影体现了中美文化差异，分别有婚姻观，家庭教育观等。但是我以一部电影为出发点，这个角度就比较小。话说中西方文化的差异实在太多了，但是我只从喜福会这部电影出发，所以范围就缩小了。再者，没什么人写这个电影，所以也不容易和别人雷同，不是被写滥了的题目。3，这个题目是好找资料的，毕竟是本科论文，不是研究生或是博士的论文，写作水平有限，平时最多写写几百字的作文忽然要写几千字，想必是非常困难的。所以内容不可能完完全全出自“自己”，于是就要大量的从网上，参考书上，图书馆搬来。所以最好就是找参考资料比较多的题目，切忌是参考，不是照搬，可以PARAPHRASE里面的内容到自己的论文。差不多就这些了，我觉得这几点是最重要的，如果你有几个拿不定主意的题目，可以找论文指导老师问问看，当时我开笔写论文前，都找老师问了，老师比较有经验，他应该可以给你很多建议。
1,不论是文末的参考文献还是行文中引文的外文文献,一般均用原始文献的名称、作者及出处.亦可视情在括号中译出中文文献名. 2,如果是纸质文献,还需注明期刊期号（某年某期）或书籍原出版社及出版时间.如果是来自网络,当注明网址. 3,如果采用的是中译本的外文文献,则直接用中译本作为参考文献. 4,行文中引用外文文章,有两种办法,一是直接引用外文,（此办法多半用于比较专业的学术论文,读者均具有理解能力）或者在外文后用括号译成中文.另一种是直接译成中文,然后在译文后用括号给出原文,或者在注释中给出原文.视情而定. 5,如果是给专业刊物投稿,最好了解一下该刊物对于参考文献列表以及注释的有关规定,按要求做.
外文翻译的参考文献一般都要翻译，注意翻译的时候要参考<参考文献>翻译标准，出版单位、作者、文献/期刊名称、卷/段等的译法要专业准确，不可有错。
外文文献，就是你毕业论文中所参考到的外国相关文献。不一定要原文引用，比如你采纳了其中一个论点，或者论据都行，总的来说就是参考文献，你引用也好借鉴也好，都行。
不需要。
无论你是在写中文论文还是外文论文都用它原始的英文就可以的。除非期刊要求翻译成中文。
建议从写大学的课程小论文起就逐渐培养阅读外文文献并引用的习惯，平时多做一些词汇、短语、好句的积累，多去琢磨好文章的逻辑表达方法，这样到之后写英文文章的时候就会更得心应手一些。
外文文献查找网站推荐Pubmed，Web of science等等，它们都有一键导出参考文献的选项，有多种格式，可以根据自己的需要复制就好啦。望采纳哦！
Pubmed网页
是。论文中的参考文献有外文，需要把外文翻译成中文放在参考文献中。选定外文文献后先给指导看，得到的确认通过后方可翻译。选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文库。外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。外文参考文献就是指论文是引用的文献原文是国外的，并非中国的。
这个不用全部翻译的，只要选择自己需要的内容翻译。
翻译的外文文献可以是一篇，也可以是两篇，但英文字符要求不少于2万。选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。
翻译的外文文献应主要选自学术期刊、学术会议的文章、有关著作及其他相关材料，应与毕业论文(设计)主题相关，并在中文译文首页用“脚注”形式注明原文作者及出处，外文原文后应附中文译文。
扩展资料：
外文翻译需要注意的问题
1、外文文献的出处不要翻译成中文，且写在中文译文的右上角（不是放在页眉处）；会议要求：名称、地点、年份、卷（期），等 。
2、作者姓名以及作者的工作单位也不用必须翻译。
3、abstract翻译成“摘要”，不要翻译成“文章摘要”等其他词语。
4、Key words翻译成“关键词” 。
5、introduction 翻译成“引言”(不是导言)。
6、注意排版格式，都是单排版，行距1.25，字号小4号，等（按照格式要求）。
7、各节的标号I、II等可以直接使用，不要再翻译成“第一部分”“第二部分”，等。
8、里面的图可以拷贝粘贴，但要将图标、横纵指标的英文标注翻译成中文。
9、里面的公式、表不可以拷贝粘贴，要自己重新录入、重新画表格。
参考资料：百度百科-毕业论文
这个不用全部翻译的
对的，需要翻译的
Based on this account, feminism British charlotte Bronte's Jane eyre by identity, from the writer, the heroine of the words in the text, on the basis of the description of trying to prove is certain, and embodies the rebellious in Victorian some ideas in revolt, reflected in balance, the balance of rebellion, namely again revealed work itself exists.This article, from the four aspects: Jane eyre by the objectivity of narration. First is the first person narration in historical context, this has certain estabished and author adopts anonymous way to hide in the neutral kohler bell such symbols, avoid face behind the evaluation, and the "reader" narrative calm objective analysis of the language and also helps to hide the female identity.Secondly, to rebel against the epistolary novel with regression. In the historical condition at that time, women writer published works, if want to get the right to social authority and established tradition compromise. When the dominant female writing text, with the epistolary an individual who tells the story of the way maximum weakened "freedom" shake the patriarchal society of energy, Jane eyre by using this kind of style, but no text in the "reader" and the call is very similar to the epistolary novel. In this way the managed to established social authority of compromise and balance.Third, to a governess types of narrative beyond and balance. The female teacher managed before the family story in view of the narrator were the characters in the novel and the distance of moral character, the narrator by the muzzle admonished, Jane eyre by while the narrator in moral character and no difference. People in some cases of words, but the more radical from the whole novel, also there is silence and gradually, both the calm of the Victorian some ideas.Finally, the serious novels and achieve a balance between the popular novels. As a wto is not deep but thought rich women, have individual need expression rebelliousness and instinctive desires, But time limitations and individuals in the era under the influence of the ideological state and can choose economic status, forcing her consciously or unconsciously reflect a certain historical environment and the coordination and balance.
JANE EYRE > is the 19th century British Writer Criticizing realism Scialotti Bronte representative of the. It has succeeded in shaping the shape of the British literature in the first to love, life, social and religious have taken an independent and active attitude and dare to fight and daring to fight for free and equal status of women. This major conform to simplicity love character and dignity of the value = love for analysis.
1、References （最为常用）2、Bibliography3、上面两个合用
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