Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies 二语词汇习得策略 [摘 要] 词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家D.A. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。 关键字： 二语词汇习得 词汇习得策略 元认知策略 认知策略 Abstract Vocabulary is the basic unit of a language. Language acquisition plays an important role in language learning. Famous linguistics D. A. Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed (Lewis, 1993:16).” It speaks volumes for the importance of vocabulary in language learning. This paper aims to analysis the second language acquisition strategies and applies to different levels of learners. According to the different levels, the learners should choose the proper methods and strategies to promote learning efficiency and acquisition effect. Key words: Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition； Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies； Metacognitive strategy； Cognitive strategy Introduction With economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, especially the population of the internet, English becomes more and more important, because it is considered as the tool for absorbing and communicating information. As we all known, vocabulary acquisition is one of the most noticed-question of the second language learners. “Vocabulary” appears in the area of linguists’ study. Nowadays, researchers still can not give a complete and reasonable definition of vocabulary. Since 1970s, the second language vocabulary acquisition research has gradually become the hot point and important subject in the second language vocabulary acquisition research area. These researches aim to discuss the efficiency vocabulary memory strategies to promote the memory skills and vocabulary levels. Then how to acquire vocabulary become popular among the researchers. Wenden &Rubin (1987), O’Malley& Chamot (1990) refer to the content of vocabulary acquisition strategies; Rubin (1987) and Oxford (1990) classify the memory strategy to the direct cognitive strategies. Especially, CohenAphek (1981), Porte (1988), O’Malley (1990), Vann (90), Cohen (1990), etc made a basic searching of vocabulary acquisition. In a word, there are various opinions in how to acquire vocabulary. Firstly, it talks about the importance of vocabulary. Secondly, what does it mean to “acquire” a word? This paper mainly aims to the detail analysis of the vocabulary acquisition from three aspects：Meta-cognitive Strategy; Cognitive Strategy and Social or Affective Strategy. Especially, it highlights the effect of the context and rending to vocabulary acquisition. This paper talks about the applications of the vocabulary acquisition strategies. And it puts forward some problems and difficulties of vocabulary acquisition. This paper also discusses the influencing factors to the acquisition. It includes the mother tongue, age, language contact, logical thinking ability, identity degree, and academic motivation . The purpose of this paper is to rise the awareness of English learners that the importance of vocabulary in language learning and the vocabulary acquisition strategies can not be neglected, and each strategies is deeply rooted in its language. Through the analysis of the theory of study, the paper tries to draw the learner’s attention to the strategies of the second language vocabulary acquisition and using the vocabulary in communication. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency, some strategies put into practice are introduced. The first presents the importance of vocabulary, some basic concepts of vocabulary and vocabulary learning, the second part tells what does it mean to know a word, the third part deals with the theory of vocabulary acquisition and presents the factors and differences influencing the vocabulary acquisition. The fourth part is detailed discussion of vocabulary acquisition strategies in different levels of learners. The last part is conclusion. Literature review 1. The importance of vocabulary As the first time, when we go to school and our English teacher will tell us that vocabulary is of great importance in learning English. After several years, we understand words gradually, especially when we study in high school. If we know a little about vocabulary, we may have poor English. That is because the listening, speaking, reading and writing show the necessary of learning vocabulary. Many researchers agree that lexis is at least as important as structure, because it is using wrong words and not wrong grammar that usually breaks down communication. Mistakes in lexis much more often lead to misunderstanding and may be less generously tolerated outside classroom than mistakes in syntax. (Carter, 1987). As Stephen Krashen remarked, “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries. A significant role of vocabulary in both teaching and learning processes was first stated by Stephen Krashen in The Natural Approach (1985): “Vocabulary is basic for communication. If acquirers do not recognize the meaning of the key words used by those who address them they will be unable to participate in the conversation.” Words are basic tools in human communication; therefore they determine the main part of people’s life-relationships between people and associations with the surrounding world that people live in. The larger one’s vocabulary, the easier it is to express one’s thoughts and feelings. In real communication, correctly and idiomatically used vocabulary can even decrease some structural inaccuracy and grammar errors. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). So learners should enrich and expand their knowledge of words as much as possible in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language. 2. What does it mean to “know” a word? Knowing a word is not a simple phenomenon. In fact, it is quite complex and goes far beyond the word’s meaning and pronunciation. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). Richards (1976) think knowing a word means also knowing the frequency of words and their likely collocates; being aware of the functional and situation limitations that apply; knowledge of the “syntactic behavior”; derivational forms and word class; associative and connotative knowledge; semantic value-breaking down words into minimal units as with componential analysis (see Katz&Fodor1963or Leech1974); knowing the other (possible) meaning associated. Nagy and Scott (2000) identify several dimensions that describe the complexity of what it means to know a word. First, word knowledge is incremental, which means that readers need to have many exposures to a word in different contexts before they “know” it. Second, word knowledge is multidimensional. This is because many words have multiple meanings and serve different functions in different function in different sentences, texts, and even conversations. Third, word knowledge is interrelated in that knowledge of one word connects knowledge of other words. What all of this means is that “knowing” a word is a matter of degree rather than an all-or-nothing proposition (Beck&Mckeown, 1991; Nagy&Scott, 2000). The degree of knowing a word are reflected in the precision with which we use a word, how quickly we understand a word, and how well we understand and use words in different modes and different purpose. The memory strategy, cognitive strategy, social strategy and metacognitve strategy are used more frequently than the affective strategy and compensative strategy. Conclusion This paper has attempted to provide some theories of second language vocabulary acquisition and some strategies. Such as metacognitive strategy, cognitive strategy, and social strategy. However, this paper also put forward some microcosmic strategy. As a matter of fact, vocabulary acquisition should combine the context. In addition, this paper hasn’t mentioned that culture is also an important factor in vocabulary acquisition. In the study of second language vocabulary acquisition, we should pay attention to the process and the acquiring results. This paper focuses on the study of the second language vocabulary acquisition strategies. Bibliography [1] A.U. Chamot. The Learning Strategies of ESL Students. In A. L. Wenden & J. Rubin, (eds), Learner Strategies in Language Learning, 1987. [2] Cater. R. and M. McCarthy. Vocabulary and Language Teaching. New York: Longman, 1987. [3] Nation, L. S. P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New Newbury House Publishers, 1990. [4] O’Malley, J. & Chamot, A. U.. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [J]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:12-15. [5] 陈桦，张益芳.中国儿童英语词汇记忆策略探究[J].外语学刊,2001(4). [11] 戴曼纯. 论第二语言词汇习得研究[J]. 外语教学与研究，2002(2). [12] 徐德凯.大学英语词汇教学理论与实践[M].长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2009. [6] 王文宇.观念、策略与英语词汇记忆[J].外语教学与研究，1998(1). [13] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996. [7] 吴霞，王蔷.非英语专业本科生词汇水平研究. 外语教学与研究，1998(1). [15] 张纪英.英语词汇学教学与研究[M]. 武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007. [16] 朱厚敏. 英语词汇学习策略研究[M] 长春：吉林大学出版社，2009.
On suprasegmental features Introduction So far we havebeen talking about phonetic features as they apply to single phonetic segments,or phones. Phonetic features can also apply to a string of severalsounds, such as a syllable, or an entire word or utterance. The study ofphonological features which applies to groups larger than the single segment,are known as suprasegmentalfeatures, such as the syllable or the word. The study of these features is knownas prosody. It mainly includessyllable, stress, pitch, tone, and intonation. In this paper, I will talk aboutthe suprasegmental features ingreat detail. Key words: phonetic, suprasegmental. Syllable The most obvious prosodic feature in languageis the syllable. Let's briefly discuss the notion of syllables. Like all of our other basic linguistic concepts,although everyone knows what a syllable is, the concept "syllable" isdifficult to define in absolute terms. A syllable can be divided into threeparts, that is, onset, nucleus, and coda, of which nucleus is a must. Asyllable that has no coda is called an open syllable while a syllable with codais called a closed syllable. In English only long vowels and diphthongs canoccur in open syllables. The onset may be empty or filled by a cluster of asmany as three consonants, while the coda position may be filled as many as fourconsonants. The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice asto where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset rather than the coda.In some languages, syllables are always open,that is, they always end in a vowel, never a consonant. (Hawaiian) On the other hand, every Hawaiian syllable must begin with a consonant. (Aloha spoken as a single word beginsin a glottal stop.) In other languages, syllables are always closed; they mustend in a consonant (Navaho): Háá'ishah dididiljah. Let's build a fire. Táá diné 'ooljéé'go naaskai' Three men went to the moon. (LikeHawaiian, they must also begin in a consonant.)Stress The nature of stress The word stress is used differently bydifferent authors, and the relationship between stress, emphasis, accent andprominence is also defined differently. Robins has defined it as “a genericterm for the relatively greater force exerted in the articulation of part ofutterance”. The nature of stress is simple enough—practically everyone wouldagree that the first syllable of words like“father”, “open” is stressed, thatthe middle syllable is stressed in “potato”, “apartment” and the final syllableis stressed in “about”, “perhaps”, and most people feel they have some sort ofidea of what the difference is between stressed and unstressed syllables,though they might explain it in many different ways.The production of stress is generallybelieved to depend on the speaker using more muscular energy than is used forunstressed syllables. From the perceptual point of view, all stressed syllableshave one characteristic in common, and that is “prominence”. Roach hasmanifested that at least four different factors are important to make asyllable prominent:i) Loudness: Most people seem to feelthat stressed syllables are louder than unstressed ones; in other words,loudness is a component of prominence.ii) Length: The length of syllables hasan important part to play in prominence; the syllables which are made longerthan the others will be heard as stressed.iii) Pitch: Pitch in speech is closelyrelated to the frequency of vibration of the vocal folds and to the musicalnotion of low-pitched and high-pitched notes; if one syllable is said with apitch that is noticeably different from that of the others, this will have astrong tendency to produce the effect of prominence.iv) Quality: a syllable will tend to be prominentif it contains a vowel that is different in quality from neighboring vowels. Languages differ in how they use stress.1) In some languages, eachsyllable is equally stressed or unstressed，as in Cambodian2) the syllable in eachword is more stressed. Theplace of stress is fixed on acertain syllable:1) initial. Finnish,Hungarian and other Finno-Ugric languages2) penultimate. Polish,3) final. French.4) Complex set ofrules. In Bulgarian nouns and verbs have separate sets of rules forstress placement. Hopi (phonetic: first syllable of a two syllableword: síkwi meat; inwords of three or more syllables, accent falls on the first long vowel: máamatsi to recognize; or onthe first short vowel before a consonant cluster: péntani to write; otherwise it falls on thenext to last syllable: wunúvtu standup)The place of stress is random.1) In Russian the stress iscompletely random: xoroshó, xoróshi.2) In English the stress ismore predictable but still random. Usually a middle syllable of a longerword receives the stress. In two syllable words stress is rando and oftenrenders differences in meaning: project/toproject, produce/produce, and insult/ to insult. Some languages have more than one stress perword: English is such a language. In English, words of foursyllables or more have a primaryand a secondary stress. SomeEnglish compounds have phrasal stress on the first element of thecompound. Phrasal stress often distinguishes meaning in adjective/nouncombinations. Sentence stress in English According to He Shanfen (1992), Englishsentence stress has two main functions:⑴ to indicate the important words in thesentence; ⑵ to serve as thebasis for the rhythmic structure of the sentence. Consequently, in connected English speech,sentence stress usually falls on content ( or lexical) words, which carry thebasic meaning of a sentence, e.g. nouns, adjectives, adverbs etc. Those whichare usually unstressed in sentences are form (or structural) words, which showgrammatical relationships, such as articles, auxiliary and modal verbs,monosyllabic prepositions, etc.Pitch Another prosodic feature is pitch, defined as the frequency ofvibration of vocal cords. Pitch is measured in hertzes. Physiologically, pitch tends to be higher inwoman than in men and higher before puberty than after puberty. Also, thepitch of women's voices tends to lower with old age; the pitch of men's voicestends to get higher with age. Despite these physiological, non-linguisticuniversal, each language uses pitch distinctions for linguisticallymeaningful purposes. Startingfrom the lowest pitch on the initial syllable, the pitch of each subsequentsyllable raises until the word reaches the "peak". From that point,pitch either remains at the same level for the remainder of the word or itdrops again. The choice between maintenance of high pitch or allowing it todrop is a matter of formality: pitch is maintained in formal or careful speech,but dropped in colloquial usage.七．ConclusionBeing the most important part, suprasegmental features can not be despised in phonology research.From the whole passage, we can understand that suprasegmentalfeatures not only has its phonology significance, but also the practicaluse as well. We can not say this person is a good language user just by his orher vocabulary, as well as the grammar. Spoken language is also very useful. Ido hope that the paper will be sufficient to prove that suprasegmental features is an efficient way for our studies and encouragemore and more students to pay attention to using it.Reference【1】CaoJianfen. The Rhythm of Mandarin Chinese. Instituteof Linguistics of Chinese Academyof Social Science. RPR-IL/CASS (2000-2002).【2】Chen Ying.2001. Contrastive Study of Suprasegmental Phonology in English and Chinese: aFunctional Perspective. MA: Southwest China Normal University.【3】Chomsky,N. & Halle,M. 1968. The Sound Pattern of English. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers.
像语音学，音位学，以及形态学，句法都不好下手建议写社会语言学或是心理语言学方面的，可以深入对比一下中西方思维的差异之类的，应该是一个好的论点加油~~
语言学在人类文明史中具有悠久的历史和深远的影响,语言学在某种程度上记录了人类历史的演变程序。下文是我为大家整理的的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考! 篇1 论模糊语言学与英语教学 摘要：语言的模糊性是语言的基本属性之一，如同语言的社会性、符号性、系统性、生成性、冗余性一样，各种语言不无具有模糊性，英语也不例外。就模糊语言学在英语教学中的运用、二者之间的关系等方面谈谈认识，以期抛砖引玉，与同行一起探讨这个新学科领域的话题。 关键词：模糊性;英语教学;教学大纲 自从最早由美国加利福尼亚大学电机工程系控制论专家查德L.A. Zadeh在《资讯与控制》Information and Control杂志上发表论文“模糊集”Fuzzy Sets开始，就标志著模糊学或模糊理论的诞生，随着模糊理论研究的发展，模糊语言学Fuzzy linguistics也应运而生。虽然，模糊语言学是最近二三十年才兴起的一门学科，并且是介于语言学与模糊学之间的边缘学科，然而，由于它是研究语言和言语中的模糊现象的学科，其模糊语言的理论和方法可以用来指导外语教学。因此，从它的诞生开始就引起了语言教学领域，尤其是英语教学领域的高度重视。 一、模糊语言学与英语教师 尽管模糊语言学是语言理论学科系列中正在形成的一门新学科，但由于在我们赖以生存的现实中模糊事物和人类思维中模糊概念、模糊逻辑的普遍性，更由于模糊的特征是英语语言的一种重要的自然特征，作为英语教师要搞好英语教学，就非常有必要在语言理论基础方面增加模糊语言学的理论知识。 完全可以想象，如果英语教师具备了一些模糊语言学的基本知识，就能较好地把握语言的模糊性，在英语教学实践过程中与纷繁复杂的语言现象打交道时，处理和解决语言问题就能更加灵活得体。例如，在英语翻译教学中，模糊语言学理论尤为重要。我们知道，由于自然语言中绝大多数词都是模糊词，因此，在翻译时处处都会遇到模糊言语现象，也迫使译者在处理这些现象时使用模糊翻译方法。下面引用一段欧亨利小说While the Auto Waits中的描写来说明这个问题： To repeat：Her dress was gray，and plain enough to mask its impeccancy of style and fit. A large meshed veil imprisoned her turban hat and a face that shone through it with a calm and unconscious beauty. She had e there at the same hour on the day previous， and on the day before that;and there was one who knew it. 再叙述一下那位姑娘吧：她身着灰色衣服，十分朴素，但很时髦，又非常合身，一条大网面纱遮住了她的头巾式无檐帽和面孔，但透过面纱，仍能瞥见她那文静而又美丽的脸庞。她昨天、前天在同样的时候来过这儿，坐上片刻。几天来，有一个人注意到了这种情形。 对比以上译文，可以发现在对英文的翻译中使用了许多语义模糊的词语，就连动词Shone的原意也不得已而忽略了，代替以模糊表达意思“瞥见”。而在上面这段文字中尤其是在文艺作品的翻译中，如果不采用模糊表达的翻译方法，既无法将原文的基本意思展现出来，更谈不上翻译文学作品要达到的“信、达、雅”的标准，自然也谈不上文学翻译的再创造了。由此我们也体会到，作为英语教师掌握一定模糊语言学理论知识的必要性和重要性。 二、运用模糊语言学理论正确认识教学大纲的模糊性 统一的英语教学大纲是英语教学的指导性档案，可以说是英语教学的指挥棒。然而，由于教学大纲内容本身存在着一定的弹性和不精确性，也就是在此谈到的模糊性，当在看待英语教学大纲时也不能视为“放之四海而皆准”的硬性准则。 例如，在针对全国普通高专颁布的《普通高等专科英语课程教学基本要求》中关于教学目的的内容是：“培养学生掌握必需的、实用的英语语言知识和语言技能，具有阅读和翻译与本专业有关的英文资料的初步能力，并为进一步提高英语的应用能力打下一定的基础。”以上短短的一段话就包含了几个模糊限制语，譬如“必要的、初步的、一定的”。这些不精确的用语本身就说明了高专英语教学目的具有模糊性，而这些模糊性的限制语又恰恰说明了高专英语教学目的适时得体，符合实际的要求。同时，这对于评价教师的业绩以及学生的成绩都大有好处。 比如，在评价一位英语教师的教学效果时，我们能不能因为某些学生的英语应用能力强而另一些学生较弱就判定这位教师的业务能力不行，或教学态度不好呢?如果这样认为，恐怕这种评价就有失公允，也不切合实际，因为，在高专英语的教学基本要求中的教学目的本身具有模糊性，不精确性。并且，事实上，一些学生的应用能力强而部分学生弱都是教学中必然存在的现象，也是教学大纲允许的，也正是由于教学大纲中教学目的的模糊性而必然造成的结果。 除了以上谈到的教学目的具有模糊性外，其中“应用能力”这个术语也具有模糊性。虽然教学目的中明确提出“培养学生掌握必需的、实用的英语语言知识和语言技能，具有阅读和翻译与本专业有关的英文资料的初步能力，并为进一步提高英语的应用能力打下一定基础”。 在这里虽然明确提出了“应用能力”，然而且不说模糊性极强的“一定的基础”的表述，仅就“应用能力”这个术语在大纲中并没有做任何说明，因而表现出较强的不确定性和模糊性。事实上，根据现今外语教学领域里大多数专家的共识，英语“应用能力”主要指的是由美国著名的社会语言学家海姆斯D.Hymes提出的“交际能力”。这种“交际能力”的概念还包含了由转换生成语法的创始人乔姆新基N.Chomsky提出的“语言能力”petence.根据海姆斯的观点，“交际能力”包含了： 1语言能力——即语言知识，包括语音、词汇、语法的知识; 2社会语言能力sociolinguistic petence——即使用功能变体和言语功能的能力; 3话语能力discourse petence——即学会怎样用语言来做事、交流; 4对应能力strategic petence——交际是一种彼此之间的协调，在协调中有各种对应手段，如怎样能开始一段谈话，怎样转换话题，怎样结束谈话等。 因此，就“应用能力”这个术语运用于英语教学中时，英语教师究竟该怎样认识和理解，究竟该怎样去培养学生的“应用能力”，以及怎样理解“交际能力”中包含的四种能力，或许对于许多教师来说仍旧是模糊的。然而，只有当我们了解了“应用能力”的模糊性之后的这样一个大前提，才可能对“教学大纲”和“教学目的”有进一步的理解和认识。这样，在英语教学过程中才不会简单地、绝对地看待“应用能力”的问题，也才能符合实际地、有的放矢地组织教学，以期收到更好的教学效果。 三、运用模糊语言学正确认识英语教学法的模糊性 英语教学法流派多种多样，理论各异，新观点、新方法、新学派层出不穷。到目前为止，已有十几种教学法流派存在。如，传统的语法翻译法Grammar Translation Method、听说法Audio lingual Method、阅读法Reading Method、认知法Cognitive Approach、暗示法Suggest Method、视听法Audio Visual Method，以及近几年产生的程式教学Programmed Instruction和计算机辅助语言教学puter aided Language Instruction等等。 从这些英语教学学派的产生和发展历史来看，它们都不是随心所欲的，都有其一定的社会文化背景，其哲学、教育学、心理学、语言学等理论基础之间既存在着相互排斥、相互矛盾的各具特色的个性，同时也存在着相互制约、相互联络、相互继承发展的共性关系。而恰好就是这种共性关系使各学派之间的界限彼此模糊，呈现出你中有我，我中有你的局面。比如，听说法和视听法，这两种教学法既在基本特点上存在差异，又存在着共性，表现出二者之间的界限是模糊的。 听说法的基本特点强调：1以句型结构操练为主;2在口语基础上培养书面语;3不用母语;4反复模仿，强化操练。而视听法的基本特点强调：1幻灯影象和录音视听相结合;2感知整体结构的对话;3充分利用幻灯、录音视听教具;4在口语基础上进行书面语教学;5集中强化教育。 概括地讲，二者界限的模糊性表现在：1它们都强调在口语基础上培养书面语能力和用外语讲解外语以培养外语语感;2它们所产生的心理学基础都是行为主义心理学Behavioristic Psychology和描写语言学descriptive linguistics，而这就不可避免会使它们彼此之间存在着共性。 可见，在英语教学过程中了解并掌握英语教学法的不同流派的个性、共性以及彼此间的模糊性，从而扬长避短，博采众长，对于建设中国特色的外语教学法体系大有益处。 综上所述，探讨以英语为主的外语教学同模糊理论以及模糊语言学的关系，提倡用模糊语言学的理论和方法来指导英语教学，将有利于提高我国英语教学水平。 参考文献： [1]李晓明.模糊性：人类认识之谜.人民出版社，1985. [2]苗东升.模糊学导引.中国人民大学出版社，1987. [3]陈治安.模糊语言学概论.西南师范大学出版社，1997. [4]Chomsky，N.Language and Mind. New York： Harcourt，Brace & World，1972. [5]Zadeh，L. A.“Fuzzy sets” Information and Control，1963，8：338-2353. [6]Zadeh，L.A.“Quantitative Fuzzy Semantics”，Information Sciences，1971，3：159-2176. 篇2 论大学英语语言学习策略 摘要：英语语言学习策略的研究是一个年轻的领域，本文对国内外英语语言学习策略研究的发展做了概括介绍，分析了大学英语教学存在的问题和探讨了英语语言学习策略的研究方法。 关键词：英语语言 策略 研究 在现代大学英语教学中，普遍呈现出来的现象为：高校英语语言教学人员对英语的教与学的认识已经发生了很大的变化，学生如何学习已成为教育研究的重点。 一、国内外英语语言学习策略研究的概况 语言学习策略是学习者为了取得更好的语言学习效果而采取的各种策略，即学习者在学习外语过程中对有效的学习方法的选择和使用。学习策略研究不仅有助于语言学习者的个体差异，而且对外语语言的教和学及建构产生了重大影响。国内外研究者以认知心理学为理论研究的基础，将英语学习策略分为认知策略、元认知策略、情感策略和交际策略。 一国外英语语言学习策略研究的发展 研究语言学习策略的外国研究者有Ruhin, Naiman ,Wong Filhnore，Stern, A Wenden, Jam M alley, Chamol, R Oxford以及A. Cohen等。20世纪70年代初，外语教学法研究停滞不前以及认知心理学的迅速发展促使外语教学研究的重点从研究教师如何“教”转向研究学习者如何“学”。这时的语言学习策略的研究在语习得研究中占有重要地位。 这一研究很快发展成语言学习策略的研究。旱期的语言学习策略研究注重归纳并描述学习策略和刘一学习策略进行分类。之后，研究者在研究的深度、广度及研究方法等方面有较大改进，是学习策略研究的第一个重大发展。早期的学习策略研究无论是在方法上还是在研究成果上都给后来的研究打下了良好的基础。 20世纪80年代后，语言学习策略的研究得到了迅速的发展，A. Wenden, Jam Mallev, U. Chamo}, R. Oxford以及A. Cohen等研究者刘一学习策略进行深入研究，最具典型性和代表性的是。Malley等人的研究，他们以认知学习理论为指出将语言认知过程和学习策略相关联，得出一整套理论化的语言学习策略。随着语言学习策略研究的深入开展，有关学习策略的论著也越来越多，如W enden和Ruhin于1987年编辑出版的论文集Learner Salegies in Language Learning《语言学习，}，的学习者策略。 Malley和Chamo于90年代出版的专著Learner Salegies in Second Language Acquisition《第一言习得中的学习策略》以及Oxford于1990年出版的专著LanguageLearning Every Teacher Should Know《语言学习策略:教师须知》等。Oxford还建立了语言学习策略调查问卷Salegiese InveWorv for Language Learning。 二国内英语语言学习策略研究的发展 我国对语言学习策略的研究从20世纪80年代中期开始，研究者有黄小华、桂诗春、刘润清、文秋芳等，他们在自己的论著中都涉及到语言学习策略。这此学者的研究为教育研究打下了良好的基础，他们的研究对于语言教学有指出意义，对英语学习者的学习也有实践指出意义。 这一阶段的语言学习策略研究有如下特点：第一，学习策略研究是以各种语言学习理论为指导的研究。Krashen的监控理论、Aderson的认知学习理论以及其他对学习者本体研究的成果都为学习策略研究者提供了丰富的理论基础。第二，学习策略研究逐渐从巨集观转向微观。研究者针刘一阅读理解策略、听力理解策略、词汇学习策略等进行单项研究。第三，研究者重视学习策略研究的方法，认为研究方法关系到研究结果的信度和效度。第四，学习策略研究从理论走向实践。研究者认为只要是被证明有效的学习策略，就可以培训学习者使川这此策略，从而提高他们的学习效果。 20世纪90年代以来，我国外语界学者们对中国学生的外语学习策略展开了广泛的研究，发表了大量论文。1996年，文秋芳所著《英语学习策略论—献给立志学好英语的朋友》成为国内第一部专门论述语言学习策略的著作。 2002年，程晓堂和郑敏编写的《英语学习策略》表明语言学习策略研究在我国进入了一个新的阶段。 二、大学英语教学存在的问题和英语语言策略研究方法 改革开放以来，我国的大学英语教学取得了迅猛的发展，教学质量取得了显著的提高。然而，由于各种复杂的因素，很多大学生在外语学习上花了大量的时间和精力，但学习的效果并不理想。有此教师仍采取传统的以知识讲解为重点的教学方法，忽视培养学生的学习方法和学习策略。 二目前大学英语教学存在的问题 随着国际交流的深入发展和竞争的日益激烈，社会对外语人才的去求在数量、质量、层次和种类上要求更高。然而，我国的大学英语教学明显滞后，相当部分大学生几乎把大学学习的前一两年都花在了英语学习上。造成这样结果的原因主要包括:外语教学理论研究薄弱;师资质量不高;;教学水平有限;外语教学应试倾向严重;外语教学上形式和教学方法缺乏创新;学生学习态度不积极;学习不得法;中小学、大学外语教学严重脱节等。 另一方面，我国外语教学理论研究和实践上也存在误区，如外语学习越早越好;外语是一门知识课;外语是教会的;外语学习有捷径可走;外语学习年限越氏越好;交际能力就是说话能力等。这此都影响了我国外语教学质量的提高与发展。 要提高大学英语教学水平，关键在于教师怎么教和学生怎么学。有此教师欠缺语言学习策略理论知识，未从学习者角度探索学习方法，因而无法指出学生的学习。因此，要使学生在英语学习中形成有效的学习策略，教师首先应参与学习策略的学习和研究。探讨和研究英语学习策略并在教学中指导和渗透学习策略，是当今英语教师又一个重要任务。 二英语语言学习策略研究方法 要指导和培训大学生英语学习策略，英语教师应掌握一定研究方法和技巧，学会观察和记录资料，并掌握分析方法。 一般来说，英语语言学习策略研究的型别有：自然调查survey,对研究contrastive study，相关性研究correlational study，发展研究developmental/ longudinal study和策略训练研究strategy training}。学习策略研究资料采集的方法有：观察法observation，问卷调查法}questionnaire ,访谈interview}，日记diary和口头报告verbal roport。 目前国内外的研究趋势是定性研究与定量研究相结合，而且定性研究有增加的趋势。研究者通常采用多种方式收集资料，以客观全面地反映事实、深入分析，避兔所得的结论的片面性。因此，英语教师在进行策略研究中应多角度采集资料，采用定性与定量研究，探索有效的指,,和培训学生的方法，提高教学效果和自身的科研水平。 参考文献： [1] Malley.J.&A.U.Chamol.Language Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition. University Press. 1990. [2] 束定芳.外语教学改革:问题与对策[J].上海:上海外语教育出版社.2005: 4.
一、英语语言学毕业论文题目： 1、中西语言方式对比 2、 词汇学 3、 近代英语语言的衍变 二、 英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成:理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识
英语语言学论文题目参考：A Study of Chinglish in Translation of Public Signs公示语翻译中的中式英语现象研究。 扩展资料 A Study of Chinglish in Translation of Public Signs公示语翻译中的.中式英语现象研究、The Application of Intertexuality in Advertising Translation互文性在广告翻译中的应用等。
教学文学方面都可以
论文选题是按一定价值标准或条件对可供选择的课题进行评价和比较并对研究方向、目标、领域和范围作出抉择的过程，是决定论文内容和价值的关键环节。这里学术堂整理了十五个论文选题供大家进行参考：1、从语用学视角看汉英口译中的语用失误2、英语心智谓词的模糊性及其语际语用发展研究3、英语科技术语的词汇特征及翻译4、Moment in Peking中异国形象之汉译5、中医典籍中“气”的源流与翻译探析6、女性主义视角下张爱玲的翻译观--以英译《海上花列传》为中心7、二语习得视觉化研究的几个关键问题8、晚清以降的中国佛典英译高潮9、基于降维法的译者风格研究10、中国英语口音研究述评11、口译中视角转换的语用原则12、模因理论指导下的汉语歇后语英译13、本土英语教学法：流派、体系与特色14、《骆驼祥子》三个英译本中叙述话语的翻译--译者风格的语料库考察15、基于语料库的“人生”隐喻英汉对比研究
省级：时代教育/读与写/科教探索、新课程、科教导刊、科教文汇、新一代、金山、金色年华、四川教育、吉林教育、学生之友、中学英语之友国家：考试、重庆科技学院学报、成都大学学报、扬州大学学报、北京电力高等专科学校学报核心：教学与管理、中国成人教育、教育与职业、福建论坛、学校党建与思想、职教论坛更多英语教师论文发表期刊详见 。希望能帮到你朋友！
《海外英语》（国际刊号：ISSN1009-5039，国内刊号：CN34-1209/G4，邮发代号：26-166）杂志创办于2000年，隶属于安徽出版集团、安徽科学技术出版社。《海外英语》是经国家新闻出版署批准，获得国家外交部、上海外国语大学、中国科学技术大学等单位特别支持，代表中国权威的英语杂志，创刊伊始即面向全世界公开发行，近10年来在国际、国内产生了很大影响力。 《海外英语》是一本综合性的外语类学术期刊，内容涉及语言学、外语教育、翻译学、文学文化研究、科学技术等诸多方面，我刊注重反映一级学科外国语言文学的前沿动态、报告国内外有关的最新研究成果或信息；兼顾纯理论性和实证性研究，不仅载有文论型的文章，而且报导可直接用于外语教学实践的成果。 我刊是中国学术期刊综合评价数据库及中国人文科学引文数据库来源期刊，是《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》入编刊物，并加入了万方数据数字化期刊阵列，可在中国知网、中国期刊网、万方数据、维普数据等网站浏览和检索。我刊所载的论文题目全都被收入《人大报刊复印资料》各有关分册的索引部分。近年来被《人大报刊复印资料》全文转载和摘载情况在同类期刊中排名靠前。 栏目设置： 教授讲坛：国内知名高校知名教授的学术前沿类论文； 博士论坛：“985、211”类重点高校博士生的研究论文； 语言学研究：介绍语言学领域理论创新成果； 外语教育：重点介绍高教外语教学的理论成果； 翻译研究：对翻译理论和方法以及翻译史的研究； 中外文学文化研究：对外国文学作品、作家思潮、跨文化的分析与评论； 教改新论：侧重外语教育教学改革的最新成果介绍； 海外视野：侧重介绍国际上先进的外语教学理念和研究成果、财经类交流文章； 科技前沿：科技领域某一方面的研究与评述，要求全英文文章； 学术思潮：人文社科方面具有一定普遍意义的单独研究，要求全英文文章。 征稿对象： 高校外语学院、全国翻译服务行业、外语培训机构、翻译领域资深人士与国际文化交流实践者，以及全国各大院校及科研院所的教科研人员，硕士生、博士生等。 投稿要求： 1．稿件须为署名作者独立完成、未发表过的学术论文； 2．篇幅在3000字符以上； 3．具体格式要求，请参见《海外英语》稿件模版及要求； 4．论文涉及的课题如取得国家或部、省级以上专项基金或属攻关项目，应注于文章正文下方； 5．本刊实行无纸化办公，欢迎通过电子邮件（word文档附件）进行投稿。 欢迎各大院校、研究所、相关企事业或个人联系本刊，参加本刊理事单位或开展会议、论坛、广告、协办等合作。 来源：36524论文网 原文地址：
《海外英语》、《英语广场》等期刊可以发表英语学术论文。
从广义上来讲，期刊的分类，可以分为非正式期刊和正式期刊两种。非正式期刊是指通过行政部门审核领取“内部报刊准印证”作为行业内部交流的期刊，但也是合法期刊的一种，一般正式期刊都经历过非正式期刊过程。
正式期刊是由国家新闻出版署与国家科委在商定的数额内审批，并编入“国内统一刊号”，办刊申请比较严格，要有一定的办刊实力，正式期刊有独立的办刊方针。
了解核心期刊具有重要的意义。就编者而言，可以从核心期刊吸取经验。就读者而言，树立核心期刊意识，可以明确价值取向，提高阅读档次。
就图书馆而言，在经费有限的情况下，订阅时当然是以核心期刊为首选目标。就科研管理部门而言，可以统计分析单位或个人在核心期刊上发表论文的情况，以此作为衡量其学术水平的一项重要指标。
要不要中英文摘与是不是正规没有关系，有的杂志要求要有，有的杂志不要求的，我之前在菏悦期刊采编中心发的就没有要求要有，收到之后验证了也是正刊啊，你是多想了，你要是不确定的话，去找专业人士问一下，品优刊去问也行啊
1、 中英句法比较研究（学科范围：句法学。如：“中英存在句比较研究”）2、 语际转换中介研究（学科范围：句法学、语义学、语用学、心理语言学、跨文化交际、翻译理论。如：“语际转换中介的层次结构”）3、 心理词汇研究（学科范围：词汇学、心理语言学、应用语言学。如：“英语词汇的心理结构”、“英语词汇的习得过程”）4、 英语学习策略研究（学科范围：应用语言学、语言学习策略、对比语言学、文字学。如：“英语专业大学生使用英语字典状况的调查与分析”、“外国学生学习汉字的主要困难及其解决方案”）5、 文化传播与翻译策略研究（学科范围：翻译理论、跨文化交际。如：“旅游文化与旅游翻译策略”）
你是教育类的还是商务类的。若是教育类的可以写教学法，语法，小说分析。若是商务类的，可以写信用证，外贸流程等。也可以到网站搜索，或许给你有些帮助的。
一、英语语言学毕业论文题目： 1、中西语言方式对比 2、 词汇学 3、 近代英语语言的衍变 二、 英语语言学课程由三个知识模块组成:理论启蒙、基础理论、研究方法。理论启蒙模块内容涉及英语的词汇知识、语音知识、语法知识、修辞知识、语体知识
说实话毕业论文弄好的话还是比较烦人的，准备了两个星期也没弄出来，题目全被否决了，老师又不给现成的题目，选题都麻烦的不得了，最后直接找vip英语论文网的帮我的，值得庆幸的是我还好找vip英语论文网的老师帮了忙，还辅导我熟悉了论文，还有答辩的问题，老师也没发现有什么问题，还是顺利的通过了，嘿嘿
1、不要用中国式的思维去写英文句子。2、套用老外的写作思路（比如前言第1段写对疾病的认识及重要性，第2段对基本背景知识的介绍，第3段如何引出研究问题。讨论部分往往每一段第一句为该段的中心句）。3、格式一定要严格按照所投杂志的要求来排版（可以参考投稿须知的要求和该杂志最近发表的文章，要做到一模一样，这样编辑认为你是认真对待的）。4、避免使用首次发现，该研究特别有意义的语句（老外喜欢你陈述事实，是不是首次发现由别人说了算，有没有意义需要时间来检验）。5、首页有什么特殊要求？比如是否写清了通讯作者（Corresponding author）和页眉标题（Running title），Running title是否符合字符数要求，一般50个字符以下。首页是否要求标明全文字符数（The number of characters must be listed on the title page）。首页是否要求提供关键词（Key words)，现在很多杂志在正式出版的时候是看不到关键词的，他多数目的是为了编辑好选择审稿专家。6、摘要是否为有特殊格式（比如格式摘要：目的，方法，结果，结论），是否有字数限制。7、注意参考文献（References）一定要符合杂志的格式，参考文献的数目是否有限制。是否不能引用正在出版的（In press）文章或未公开的（Unpublished data）数据。8、是否引用了较多著名杂志的文章为参考文献（大家看影响因子超过10的杂志文章，他们引用的文献多数也是来自10以上的杂志，也就是说你投高影响因子的杂志就尽量不要引用低档杂志的文章，这是一条潜规则）。9、引用了几篇该杂志的文章作为参考文献（有的杂志有明确要求要引几篇，有的没有要求，但是编辑在还是喜欢你多引他们杂志的文章）。10、写完后最好先找一个在国外呆过几年的中国人修改第1次（这样能纠正明显写作错误和表达，又明白你的写作意思），然后再找一个英语为母语的人修改（最好是学医的，这样能够纠正一些微小错误和表达习惯）。最终的目的是即使退稿也不是因为语言问题。人家修改完了注意在回信中致谢（Thank you very much for the excellent and professional revision of our
Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies 二语词汇习得策略 [摘 要] 词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家D.A. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。 关键字： 二语词汇习得 词汇习得策略 元认知策略 认知策略 Abstract Vocabulary is the basic unit of a language. Language acquisition plays an important role in language learning. Famous linguistics D. A. Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed (Lewis, 1993:16).” It speaks volumes for the importance of vocabulary in language learning. This paper aims to analysis the second language acquisition strategies and applies to different levels of learners. According to the different levels, the learners should choose the proper methods and strategies to promote learning efficiency and acquisition effect. Key words: Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition； Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies； Metacognitive strategy； Cognitive strategy Introduction With economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, especially the population of the internet, English becomes more and more important, because it is considered as the tool for absorbing and communicating information. As we all known, vocabulary acquisition is one of the most noticed-question of the second language learners. “Vocabulary” appears in the area of linguists’ study. Nowadays, researchers still can not give a complete and reasonable definition of vocabulary. Since 1970s, the second language vocabulary acquisition research has gradually become the hot point and important subject in the second language vocabulary acquisition research area. These researches aim to discuss the efficiency vocabulary memory strategies to promote the memory skills and vocabulary levels. Then how to acquire vocabulary become popular among the researchers. Wenden &Rubin (1987), O’Malley& Chamot (1990) refer to the content of vocabulary acquisition strategies; Rubin (1987) and Oxford (1990) classify the memory strategy to the direct cognitive strategies. Especially, CohenAphek (1981), Porte (1988), O’Malley (1990), Vann (90), Cohen (1990), etc made a basic searching of vocabulary acquisition. In a word, there are various opinions in how to acquire vocabulary. Firstly, it talks about the importance of vocabulary. Secondly, what does it mean to “acquire” a word? This paper mainly aims to the detail analysis of the vocabulary acquisition from three aspects：Meta-cognitive Strategy; Cognitive Strategy and Social or Affective Strategy. Especially, it highlights the effect of the context and rending to vocabulary acquisition. This paper talks about the applications of the vocabulary acquisition strategies. And it puts forward some problems and difficulties of vocabulary acquisition. This paper also discusses the influencing factors to the acquisition. It includes the mother tongue, age, language contact, logical thinking ability, identity degree, and academic motivation . The purpose of this paper is to rise the awareness of English learners that the importance of vocabulary in language learning and the vocabulary acquisition strategies can not be neglected, and each strategies is deeply rooted in its language. Through the analysis of the theory of study, the paper tries to draw the learner’s attention to the strategies of the second language vocabulary acquisition and using the vocabulary in communication. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency, some strategies put into practice are introduced. The first presents the importance of vocabulary, some basic concepts of vocabulary and vocabulary learning, the second part tells what does it mean to know a word, the third part deals with the theory of vocabulary acquisition and presents the factors and differences influencing the vocabulary acquisition. The fourth part is detailed discussion of vocabulary acquisition strategies in different levels of learners. The last part is conclusion. Literature review 1. The importance of vocabulary As the first time, when we go to school and our English teacher will tell us that vocabulary is of great importance in learning English. After several years, we understand words gradually, especially when we study in high school. If we know a little about vocabulary, we may have poor English. That is because the listening, speaking, reading and writing show the necessary of learning vocabulary. Many researchers agree that lexis is at least as important as structure, because it is using wrong words and not wrong grammar that usually breaks down communication. Mistakes in lexis much more often lead to misunderstanding and may be less generously tolerated outside classroom than mistakes in syntax. (Carter, 1987). As Stephen Krashen remarked, “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries. A significant role of vocabulary in both teaching and learning processes was first stated by Stephen Krashen in The Natural Approach (1985): “Vocabulary is basic for communication. If acquirers do not recognize the meaning of the key words used by those who address them they will be unable to participate in the conversation.” Words are basic tools in human communication; therefore they determine the main part of people’s life-relationships between people and associations with the surrounding world that people live in. The larger one’s vocabulary, the easier it is to express one’s thoughts and feelings. In real communication, correctly and idiomatically used vocabulary can even decrease some structural inaccuracy and grammar errors. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). So learners should enrich and expand their knowledge of words as much as possible in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language. 2. What does it mean to “know” a word? Knowing a word is not a simple phenomenon. In fact, it is quite complex and goes far beyond the word’s meaning and pronunciation. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). Richards (1976) think knowing a word means also knowing the frequency of words and their likely collocates; being aware of the functional and situation limitations that apply; knowledge of the “syntactic behavior”; derivational forms and word class; associative and connotative knowledge; semantic value-breaking down words into minimal units as with componential analysis (see Katz&Fodor1963or Leech1974); knowing the other (possible) meaning associated. Nagy and Scott (2000) identify several dimensions that describe the complexity of what it means to know a word. First, word knowledge is incremental, which means that readers need to have many exposures to a word in different contexts before they “know” it. Second, word knowledge is multidimensional. This is because many words have multiple meanings and serve different functions in different function in different sentences, texts, and even conversations. Third, word knowledge is interrelated in that knowledge of one word connects knowledge of other words. What all of this means is that “knowing” a word is a matter of degree rather than an all-or-nothing proposition (Beck&Mckeown, 1991; Nagy&Scott, 2000). The degree of knowing a word are reflected in the precision with which we use a word, how quickly we understand a word, and how well we understand and use words in different modes and different purpose. The memory strategy, cognitive strategy, social strategy and metacognitve strategy are used more frequently than the affective strategy and compensative strategy. Conclusion This paper has attempted to provide some theories of second language vocabulary acquisition and some strategies. Such as metacognitive strategy, cognitive strategy, and social strategy. However, this paper also put forward some microcosmic strategy. As a matter of fact, vocabulary acquisition should combine the context. In addition, this paper hasn’t mentioned that culture is also an important factor in vocabulary acquisition. In the study of second language vocabulary acquisition, we should pay attention to the process and the acquiring results. This paper focuses on the study of the second language vocabulary acquisition strategies. Bibliography [1] A.U. Chamot. The Learning Strategies of ESL Students. In A. L. Wenden & J. Rubin, (eds), Learner Strategies in Language Learning, 1987. [2] Cater. R. and M. McCarthy. Vocabulary and Language Teaching. New York: Longman, 1987. [3] Nation, L. S. P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New Newbury House Publishers, 1990. [4] O’Malley, J. & Chamot, A. U.. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [J]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:12-15. [5] 陈桦，张益芳.中国儿童英语词汇记忆策略探究[J].外语学刊,2001(4). [11] 戴曼纯. 论第二语言词汇习得研究[J]. 外语教学与研究，2002(2). [12] 徐德凯.大学英语词汇教学理论与实践[M].长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2009. [6] 王文宇.观念、策略与英语词汇记忆[J].外语教学与研究，1998(1). [13] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996. [7] 吴霞，王蔷.非英语专业本科生词汇水平研究. 外语教学与研究，1998(1). [15] 张纪英.英语词汇学教学与研究[M]. 武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007. [16] 朱厚敏. 英语词汇学习策略研究[M] 长春：吉林大学出版社，2009.
首先选定期刊，然后里面会有论文的要求。根据要求修改论文格式然后一般要准备发给编辑的内容，highlight，摘要，图片摘要，正文，支撑材料，作者信息，推荐审稿人等。然后登录期刊首页，根据要求一项一项填写就可以了
像语音学，音位学，以及形态学，句法都不好下手建议写社会语言学或是心理语言学方面的，可以深入对比一下中西方思维的差异之类的，应该是一个好的论点加油~~