这个的没有免费的东西吧
美国作家爱默生说：“自信是成功的第一秘诀。”又说：“自信是英雄主义的本质。”人们常常把自信比作“发挥主观能动性的闸门，启动聪明才智的马达”，这是很有道理的。自信使你成功，自信使你的潜能充分发挥。自信心差的人往往看不起自己，同时也往往看不起别人，不能积极乐观地与人相处。显然，以这样的态度与人交往或相处，会产生种种的紧张关系，也容易被人拒绝，遭到别人的非议。而这种人际交往中的挫折或失败，又会反过来进一步打击和影响一个人的自信程度。因而，作为对自信心的培养，我们就应该改变这种不利的社会交往倾向和态度。如果我们用一种积极而乐观的、能够欣赏和赞美别人的态度与人相处的话，那么也就会在这样与人相处的情景、气氛和过程中得到一种对自我的肯定，获得别人的接受和认同。这样，我们也就能在具体的生活过程中，提高与维护我们的自信心。
好评率：90% 近年来，在各地的中考政治试题中，政治小论文已经成为一种重要的题型，因此，撰写一篇质量较高的小论文，是取得好成绩的关键。在平时的学习时，我们应加强小论文的写作训练。那么，如何才能写出一篇好的政治小论文呢？可以从以下几个方面入手： 一、了解政治小论文的几种常见题型 1、材料式。试题中给出一则或多则材料，要求围绕材料内容撰写一篇政治小论文，题目通常为自拟。 例：活动与探索题 科学技术是第一生产力，科技进步与创新是经济发展的决定性因素。教育是发展科学技术和培养人才的基础，在现代化建设中具有先导性、全局性的作用，必须摆在优先发展的战略地位。我们要大力普及科学知识、弘扬科学精神，在全社会形成崇尚科学、鼓励创新、反对迷信和伪科学的良好氛围，形成全民学习、终身学习的学习型社会，促进人的全面发展。 青年兴则国家兴，青年强则国家强。社会主义现代化需要青年去建设，中华民族的伟大复兴需要青年去奋斗。青年一代要承担起这个历史责任，就要成长为有理想、有道德、有文化、有纪律的人，成长为对党和国家、对人民有所建树的人。 之一：请结合上述材料，运用所学知识，联系实际，自拟题目，撰写一篇400字左右的政治小论文。 之二：请结合上述材料，运用所学知识，联系实际，围绕“科技·教育·人才”这一主题，撰写一篇400字左右的班会发言稿。 注意：文中不得出现本地区真实的地名、校名和人名。 2、漫画式。试题中给出一幅或多幅漫画，要求根据漫画的寓意撰写一篇政治小论文，题目一般也应自拟。 3、命题式。试题中直接给出政治小论文的题目，要求按照题目的要求撰写一篇政治小论文。 二、明确政治小论文的特点 政治小论文既不同于问答、论述题，也不同于语文作文中的议论文。但它又与问答、论述题有共同的特点，即按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路，解决“是什么——为什么——怎样做”的问题；与语文作文中的议论文也有共同的特点，即要做到论点、论据、论证三要素的统一。政治小论文要求我们运用思想政治课的有关知识，按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的方法，抓住论点、论据、论证三个基本要素，分析说明社会政治、经济、文化生活中的某一现实问题，它具有自己独到的特色，要求观点正确，旗帜鲜明，政治性强，要求做到论点突出，论证有力，说服力强，同时，行文要求短小精焊，结构完整，符合要求。 三、撰写政治小论文的一般步骤 试题中较经常出现的是材料式或漫画式的政治小论文，以此为例，撰写政治小论文的一般步骤有： 1、确定标题。对背景材料或漫画，我们要认真研读和领会材料的中心思想或漫画的寓意，找出其与教材知识的结合点，从中提炼出符合题意的标题。 2、提出论点。针对背景材料或漫画的寓意，开门见山，三言两语，亮明中心论点，揭出本质性的问题。论点是小论文的灵魂，一篇文章只能有一个中心论点。在确定论点时，必经回归教材，找出教材与材料主题相一致的观点。 3、分析论证。针对中心论点进行有理有据、深入本质的分析，要善于运用论据充分论证自己提出的观点。论证过程要严密，论据要充分、有力。一般说来，论据主要是理论和事实论据。理论论据来源于所学的知识，要把课本中讲述的理论知识与材料密切结合起来。 4、解决问题。针对中心论点，联系实际，提出可行性的解决办法。一般应包括两个方面：一是国家应该怎样做；二是我们中学生应该怎样做。提出的主张或措施，要符合国家的方针政策或法律法规，中学生应该怎样做应紧扣文章内容的要求，不要千篇一律。 四、熟练掌握小论文的格式及大致字数安排 一般来说，按照“提出问题——分析问题——解决问题”的思路，小论文至少应有三段，字数400字左右。第一段，提出问题，50字左右；第二段，分析问题，200字左右；第三段，解决问题，150字左右。 需要指出的是，要写好政治小论文并不是一朝一夕就能做到的，也不是临考前突击训练就是能实现的。我们在平时的学习中，要有意识地学会运用课本中“说一说”、“想一想”、“议一议”、“阅读与思考” 等小栏目以及活动课的一些材料，寻找话题，启发思维，加强小论文的写作练习，逐步提高写作技能。只要我们注重积累，熟练掌握一些写作技巧和临场窍门，在政治中考中就不难写出一篇既有独到见解、又有创新精神的优秀政治小论文。 范文：对于零花钱的看法今年来，随着人民生活水平的提高，许多家庭日益富裕起来，孩子们的零花钱便也在不止不觉间不断上涨，有的甚至到了让人膛目结舌的地步。 远的不说，就说我们班吧！班里有些男生女生，学习成绩不怎么样，可是对于穿着打扮，可都是“行家”。“BALENO“的上衣，“NIKE“的鞋子，“adidas“的书包，“SONY”的MP3……真可谓集名牌于一身。另有一些男生，通常每天身上都会带有上百块的钱，用于所谓的“吃喝玩乐”，泡网吧，打游戏，结交不良少年；更有的已经拥有了自己的手机……这种例子在如今的校园中已不再是凤毛麟角了。 为什么会出现这样的情况呢？我认为，之所以造成这种情况，有以下几点原因：一，人民生活水平提高，家庭经济状况与之前相比有了较大改善；二，目前家庭多是独生子女，父母过分溺爱；三，社会不良风气的影响。而其中家长对孩子的过分溺爱是最主要原因。在中国的家庭教育传统中，父母们都会用零花钱来培养孩子良好的行为习惯和思想观念，比如：勤俭节约、财务自理。但在今天，生活富裕了，孩子的那点零花钱家长也不会放在心上。但这种超前消费意识是不适合中学生的，将给他们带来诸多不良影响。 其次，孩子之间容易产生攀比心理，从而引发一些孩子的心理失衡。今天你在“肯德基”搓一顿几十元；明天我在“XX酒家”摆一桌几百元，看谁更有风度。现在的孩子谁手里要是没几个零花钱，看着同伴经常拿着钱去买这买那，总是羡慕得很，又尴尬的很。这种羡慕、尴尬处理得好那是幸运，若是处理得不好，带来的后果将不可想象。4月12日江北区一名约7岁的女孩哭喊着要跳楼。不为别的，就只是为了从父母那得到零花钱。而有的孩子可能萌生或多或少的拜金主义，以金钱或能换取金钱的一切作为自己的钟爱。 第四，会使孩子形成错误的金钱观，以为“金钱是万能的”，“有钱能使鬼推磨”，不知道应认真学好知识，不懂得承担起自己应负的责任。有的孩子，把父母的叮咛嘱咐，老师的教诲当成“耳边风”，只懂得吃喝玩乐，腹中却空空如也。更是忘却了将来有独立生活，赡养父母，为社会作贡献的责任。 最后。也是最严重的，可能会导致某些孩子走上犯罪之路。所谓“由俭入奢易，由奢人俭难。“可能今天你的家庭是相对富裕的，但谁也不能保证将永远富有，倘若已经养成了奢侈的习惯，将来要如何面对贫穷呢?也许有的人靠自己的意志能熬过去，但有的人却会难以自拔。前不久，报纸曾经报道，广州一名14岁的中学生在潜入同字家中盗窃被发现后，向同学的母亲狂刺38刀实在是惨无人道。 身为父母，谁不爱自己的孩子，谁不愿给孩子付出呢?但是，家长们该给孩子什么?这是一个值得深思的问题，一味地给钱显然是错误的，而应该给他们以知识和正确的引导。金钱是把双刃剑，用得不好就伤人———家长们对此一定要有充分认识。。
写作思路：把你对环保的看法写出来。
政治小论文《我看环保》
环境问题不仅是个生活质量问题，更是一个直接影响人尖生存与发展的大问题。(提出论点)
我们不得不承认，环境保护已迫在眉睫。环保虽如此重要，国家也颁布了一系列保护环境的法律和法规，可是在社会上仍有一些人，为了个人的利益去破坏环境，有的救灾屡禁不止。这就要求我们采取措施进一步提高人们的环保意识，依法规范人们的行为。(分析论点)为此，我特提出如下建议：(解决论点)
首先，应在学生中普及环保教育，开设环保科目，并规定为必修课。规定每个学生必须对环保作出贡献。如规定每个学生一年必须种一棵树等，从而让每个学生都明白：对于环保，自己也有一份责任，自己也应该出一份力。
其次，国家有关部门应不定期对各个单位进行突击检查，对那些违反有关环保方面的法律和法规的单位实施重罚，并对其进行思想教育。这样才能从污染源上加以控制、治理。
再次，对在环保方面作出突出贡献的单位、个人，应在物质和精神上给予奖励。这样能更有效地调动人们的积极性，这对于全民参加环保会有一定的促进作用。
最后，国家应拨款建一些环保设施，如建一些污水处理站，保证流入江海湖泊的水的质量;采取“垃圾分类回收”措施，并在行动之前加以宣传，以得到群众的积极响应。
环保问题的确应该引起我们每个人的重视。每个人都应该思考，自己应该为环保做点什么。愿人人都为环保出一份力，让美好的环境永远伴随着我们!(联系实际,表明观点)
评价:本文侧重解决环境问题,特点是将分析问题结合到解决问题的过程中。
人尽其责，诚实守信 “三杯吐然诺，五岳倒为轻。”这是李白《侠客行》的诗句，形容承诺的分量比大山还重，极言诚信的重要。中国是个有五千年悠久历史的文明古国，诚信一向是中国人引以为豪的美德，“人无信而不立”。诚实守信更是中华民族的优良传统。中国，崇尚"诚信"的文明源源流长，早在几千年前，孔子就说过：“人而无信不只其可”，延伸之意就是：“信，则知其可”。千百年来，人们讲求诚信，推崇诚信。诚信之风质朴淳厚。远在三国时期，刘备三顾茅庐的故事每个人可能都听说过：诸葛亮辅佐刘备并受托孤之重任，正如《出师表》所言：“追先帝之遗诏，臣不胜受恩感激，今当远离，临表涕零，不知所言。”一心为汉，七出祁山，耗尽毕生心血，留下千古美名。什么是诚信？诸葛亮就是诚信。诚实守信，能够履行承诺而取得他人信任。诚信也是道德建设的根本,是一种非常宝贵的素质。我国素有“一诺千金”之说：“君子一言，驷马难追”。但在现在的社会，有些人受西方思潮的影响，“不在乎天长地久，只在乎曾经拥有”，在生活中迷失了自己，图一时之快，置后生于不顾，拼命透支自己已经不多的诚信，可想而知，这种行为的后果就是沦为成克杰之流：遗臭万年！在中华几千年历史中，有许多关于诚信的论述，也流传着许多诚信的故事。这些宝贵的论述，在今天也能给我们深刻的启示。诚信是一切道德赖以维系的前提。失信于人，什么工作也就开展不起来。古语曰：索物于暗室者，莫良于火；索道于当世者，莫良于诚。也就是说最好借助于光亮在黑暗中取物；而只有诚信，才能取信于天下。“得道多助”古人尚能如此明白，而作为我们，当代的中学生，更应该诚信做人！青少年时期，是人生的黄金时期，是人生中至真至纯至美的时期。而诚信又是最容易而又最不应该让人忽视的美德，我们应该把诚信作为人生中的一个坐标，做老实人，说老实话，办老实事。诚信对人，诚信对己，诚信就像一轮圆月，惟有与高出的皎洁相伴，才能衬托出对待生命的态度；诚信就像一个砝码，在生命的天平上，放上他，摇摆不定的天平就会稳稳地倾向他；诚信更像是高山之水，能够在浮动的社会里，洗尽铅华，洗尽虚伪，露出真诚。所以我们应该在全社会大力提倡诚信，为社会风气的净化，尽一份自己的责任！ 人生，漫漫长路远，纷繁诱惑多。人，作为微小而孤独的个体，在人生的选择题前，无可避免地徘徊起来。在一个又一个渡口上，在一次又一次险象中，人，究竟能选择什么，该选择什么？ 选择诚信。因为它比美貌来得可靠。没有美貌的人生或许是没有足够亮点的人生；但若没有诚信的人生则足以是没有一丝光明的人生。你可以不是潘安，你也可以不是西施，但 你不可以失去别人对你基本的信任。“人，以诚为本，以信为天。”没有诚信，生存世间的你可要作一粒悬浮其中的尘粒？ 选择诚信。因为它比机敏来得憨实。诚信好比一个乡间小伙，他每日只知弓着黝黑宽阔的脊梁在人生的沃土上默默耕耘；机敏则更像一个电脑黑客，他总是那样才思敏捷，头脑灵活，却总是不露真相叫人紧张。在人生的剧本里，一位老实踏实的演员总要比一个奸诈精怪的角儿更受观众青睐。 选择诚信。因为它比金钱更具内蕴。举着“金钱万能”旗号东奔西走的人生注定是辛苦乏味的人生，满身的铜臭最终带来的也不过是金钱堆砌而成的冰冷墓穴；而诚信，能给人生打底润色，让人生高大起来，丰满起来，它给生命灌注醉人的色泽与丰富含蕴，让生命在天地之中盈润注目，善始善终。 选择诚信。因为它比荣誉更具时效性。没有一蹴而就的业绩，没有一成不变的江山。没有人可以顶着荣誉的光环过一辈子。荣誉是短暂的，它只是人生旅途上一小片美丽的风景，它再美丽，也只是一小段的人生；但诚信是培植人生靓丽风景的种子，你一直耕耘，就会一直美丽，你将诚信的种子撒满大地，你的人生将会美丽到天长地久。 选择诚信，是正确之选。在你一一权衡过后，在你层层过滤之后，你会猛然发现，在人生面纱下最迷人的，原来是那最没有矫饰、最朴实不花哨的诚信！你会发现，没有了诚信，生活原来是那样的索然无味！ 在人生与风浪的洗礼中，有了诚信，你就用最阳光的心情高唱吧。若为人生故，诚信不可抛 回答者： 集星 - 助理 二级 2-14 09:54 一个民族要想站在科学的高峰，就一刻也不能离开理论思维。马克思主义是人类思想史上最伟大的理论，是推动社会进步、实现人类解放最锐利的思想武器。它具有与时俱进的理论品质，随着时代的变化和实践的发展而发展。中国共产党成立之初，就郑重地把马克思主义写在自己的旗帜上，在把马克思主义基本原理同中国革命、建设和改革的实践相结合过程中，不断推进理论创新，先后创立了毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观等重大战略思想。在这一系列理论成果中，邓小平理论、“三个代表”重要思想和科学发展观等一系列重大战略思想是马克思主义中国化的最新成果，党的十七大把它们概括为中国特色社会主义理论体系，这是继毛泽东思想之后马克思主义中国化的又一次历史性飞跃。 5忆改革开放，现中华雄威 1949年新中国的成立使祖国母亲彻底摆脱了被压迫的境地，中国这头东方睡狮开始慢慢觉醒，但却步履维艰，直到1978年，中共十一届三中全会作出全面实行改革开放的新决策；从此改革开放的春风使中华大地再次焕发了活力，中华民族终于踏上了民族复兴的伟大征程！ 30年的征程，中华民族以崭新的姿态重新屹立于世界民族之林；30年的沧桑巨变，30年的光辉历程，铸就了一个民族近百年的梦想！ 改革开放的30年，是中国经济迅速蓬勃的30年！幢幢高楼拔地而起，人民生活水平不断提高，1978年到2006年间，中国经济总量迅速扩张，增长近60倍！中国的经济成就不仅写在了中国历史之上，也在世界历史上刻下了辉煌的一页，过去25年全球脱贫所得成就中，近70%的成就归功于中国！ 改革开放的30年，是中国社会和谐稳定的30年！自粉碎“四人帮”以后，中华民族犹如钢铁长城一般坚不可摧！97年香港回归，99年澳门回归；1998年面对南方历史罕见的特大洪水，2003年面对让人闻风丧胆的非典疫情，2008年面对十几个省份百年不遇的冰雪灾害，中华儿女众志成城，手挽手将一个个磨难阻击在脚下！ 改革开放的 30年，是教育事业稳步发展的30年！1983年，邓小平同志提出，教育要面向现代化，面对世界，面对未来！伴随着教育规模的发展，更有越来越多的中华儿女在世界高精尖人才中占据着日益重要的位置！ 改革开放的30年是中国航天事业不断创新的30年！从1979年远程火箭发射试验成功，到2003年“神五”升天，首次载人航天飞行成功，再到2005年神舟六号载人航天卫星顺利返回，中国航天人在摸索中让祖国一跃成为航天科技强国！2008年，我国首颗探月卫星“嫦娥一号”发射升空,炎黄子孙的千年奔月梦成为了现实！ 改革开放的30年，也是我国体育事业蒸蒸日上的30年！中华体育健儿奋勇争先；奥运大幕在中华大地上拉开，我们已成为奥运的主人！ 我们坚信，在中华民族伟大复兴的征程上，必将出现一个又一个辉煌的30年！中华民族的崛起，必将让世界为我们自豪！
自从著名刑法专家，北京大学法学院刘守芬教授在11月上旬在授课时透露最高人民法院将收回死刑立即执行核准权后，11月15日，在中国政法大学举行的“刑事诉讼法修改前瞻”研讨会上，我国刑法领域的权威专家、北京大学法学院教授陈瑞华也向记者透露了这一消息。（南方网）今年7月，最高法委托北大法学院贺卫方教授和中国政法大学樊崇义教授分别牵头起草《人民法院组织法》修改建议稿。昨晚，贺卫方和樊崇义也分别向记者证实，最高人民法院将死刑核准权收回。（新京报11月29号）最高人民法院享有死刑立即执行的核准权，是我国基本法律《刑法》和《刑事诉讼法》所明文规定的，同时这也是最高人民法院的义务，以至陈瑞华教授指出，目前关于最高人民法院收回死刑核准权的呼声很高，这个问题不是司法体制改革问题，而是落实现行法律的规定，是法律上的归位问题。我们认为，在一定意义上，这是法治的很大进步，任何一项制度的建立是逐步累积的过程，都不可能是一蹴而就的事情。法治是优于人治的一项制度，它的建立也需要经历一段艰难的过程。1999年，依法治国写进了宪法，标志着法治这项制度正式进入了发展的时期。然而，由于我国人治的传统的影响，我们的法治发展步履艰难，存在许多问题。诸多学者对此提出了尖锐的批评，尤其对法院的司法腐败和不尽如人意的改革，而且都提出了发展方向和具体的改革方案。这是可喜的，是中国法治进程中必不可少的力量。司法制度尤其是法院制度是中国整体政治制度的一部分，要与其他制度协调发展，其建立同样也是一个长期的过程，需要耐心和对制度的信心。历史已经证明，任何突变式的制度设立都是不可能成功的。法院一直在进行着改革和努力，以其取得较好的效果，达到法治的目标。原来的最高法院由于人员不足等原因不能承担全国的死刑立即执行核准权的责任，但一直在努力，据著名刑法专家刘守芬教授介绍，目前最高法院正在准备向全国选调法官以组成专门的死刑立即执行的复核法庭。这是可喜的进步，说明法院是随着社会的发展而进步，法治的建设就是这样一步步的实实在在的发展。美好的法院制度是我们每一个人所期望的理想，但它不会从天而降，也不会瞬间实现，它需要法院真正的改革和进步。“我们的法院确实是实实在在地作些事情，这应该给予肯定”，刘守芬教授对最高法院将要收回死在立即执行的核准权表示赞赏。法治的每一细微进步都值得我们欣喜。毕竟我们的法治建设是在人治思想浓厚的环境中开始的，是在经历了残酷教训的基础上开始认识的。我们的法治建设的时间还很短，法院改革也是近几年才提上日程，所以在要求法院成为理想中的正义和公正之神仍需一段艰巨的体制改革，而在今年7月最高法委托北大法学院贺卫方教授和中国政法大学樊崇义教授分别牵头起草《人民法院组织法》修改建议稿既是法院加大改革的先声，（新京报11月29日）。
还是自己写的好啊...................
俄罗斯普京竞选总统引发投票风波3月4日的总统大选对于普京(Vladimir Putin)来说本该是件易如反掌的事，他应该可以再执掌克林姆林宫六年甚至可能是12年之久。但去年12月4日俄罗斯杜马选举涉嫌弄虚作假一事激起众怒，不仅引发自上世纪90年代初以来俄罗斯最大规模的街头抗议，也使普京面临了12年前执政以来的最大威胁。反对派领导人誓言要与普京同台竞选，但目前列名选票上的候选人却寥寥无几，这是因为按照选举规定，去年12月杜马选举投票后，已没有时间登记新的总统候选人。俄罗斯亿万富翁普罗霍罗夫(Mikhail Prokhorov)决定参加总统选举，不过外界普遍怀疑他与克林姆林宫暗自勾结，他对此矢口否认。反对派希望的是，如果普京在今年3月的第一轮投票中没能赢得绝对多数选票，那么他至少要再参加一次决定胜负的选举，这在普京的政治生涯中将是第一次。阿富汗美国撤军促使阿富汗争取国外援助美国驻阿富汗的10万美军中，约有三分之一定于今年9月前从该国撤离，今年预计将成为美国逐步降低在阿富汗军事存在的过渡之年。在夺取对塔利班(Taliban)在阿富汗南部地区多个据点的控制权后，美国领导的部队开始把关注重点转移至阿富汗东部与巴基斯坦接壤的山区，叛乱分子仍可以在这里瞄准阿富汗和美国利益目标。此外，阿富汗与美国部队目前正加快推进把安全责任移交给阿富汗的进程。同时，美国和阿富汗的谈判代表将为恢复与塔利班的和平谈判而共同努力。谈判曾于去年秋天破裂，当时一名据称是塔利班和平特使的人杀害了阿富汗首席谈判代表。随着美国及其盟国大幅减少曾经支撑阿富汗经济的援助资金，阿富汗领导人将努力于今年5月20日至21日在芝加哥召开的北约(NATO)峰会以及七月份在日本召开的国际捐助大会上争取长期海外支持。此外，阿富汗总统卡尔扎伊(Hamid Karzai)第二届任期将于2014年结束，潜在继任者正准备参加总统竞选，或者正为西方军队撤离后阿富汗导致国家分裂的内战做准备，后者将是最糟糕的情况。非洲老迈的领导班子VS年轻人的诉求在非洲，老迈的领导人统治着由年轻人组成的国家。这些国家人口的平均年龄只有19岁。对于这片大陆来说，2012可能是一个动荡之年。在非洲西部，电力供应不足引发的罕见抗议活动持续一年之后，塞内加尔85岁高龄的总统瓦德(Abdoulaye Wade)正谋求在2月份再次参选。在非洲东部，72岁的乌干达总统穆塞韦尼(Yoweri Museveni)仍然获得了新的任期，尽管失控的通货膨胀已经带来了其在25年的统治中最严峻的挑战。在非洲南部，津巴布韦87岁的总统穆加贝(Robert Mugabe)正在呼吁在本年度进行大选，结束千疮百孔的临时联盟关系。2008年选举暴乱之后，该国经济几乎没有得到恢复，恶性通货膨胀已经催生出面值100万亿的津巴布韦币。在非洲大陆的最大的经济体南非，69岁的总统祖马(Jacob Zuma)打算在执政党非洲人国民大会党(African National Congress) 12月份召开的一次重要的政治会议上为赢得下一个任期获得支持，但他仍然面对着年轻领导人激烈的反对。这些领导人说他们才是这个国家失业大军的代言人。非洲的各种紧张气氛指向同一个现实：曾经让年轻而胸怀大志的中产阶级崛起的人口因素正在为非洲的政治注入新的不确定性。2011年，由年轻人领导的起义推翻了一系列北非独裁政权。如果现在不能拉动经济增长、控制通货膨胀以及为国家躁动不安的年轻人创造就业的话，撒哈拉以南的非洲的领导人就面临着相似的结局。墨西哥七月大选前找不到合适的总统候选人墨西哥人将在今年7月1日举行投票，选出现任墨西哥总统卡尔德隆(Felipe Calderon)的继任者。在6年任期中，卡尔德隆与该国的毒品卡特尔展开了针锋相对的斗争，截至卡尔德隆卸任，这场战争的死亡人数预计将超过60,000人。对于许多选民来说，这是一个艰难的选择。他们会追随一个看起来不那么腐败但是效率低下的执政党吗，抑或是请回看起来更腐败但却也更高效的前执政党？或者他们他愿意把赌注压给相信社会制度将出现彻底变革的左翼安德烈斯·曼努埃尔·洛佩斯·奥夫拉多尔(Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador)？6年前奥夫拉多尔以微弱的差距败给了卡尔德隆，也正是他引发了持续数月的抗议活动。许多人可能会选择“以上皆非”到目前为止，胜算较大的是45岁的墨西哥革命制度党 (Institutional Revolutionary Party) 候选人涅托(Enrique Pena Nieto)。该党在2000年之前曾经风平浪静地连续统治墨西哥长达71年之久。这位很上镜的前墨西哥人口最多的州的州长最近失误连连：书展上，他竟然说不出对自己产生过影响的三本书的名字。此外，在一次采访中，他竟不答不出墨西哥数百万穷人的主要食品玉米圆饼的价格。但是他所在的政党有着强大的机器和墨西哥主要电视网的支持。此时，卡尔德隆所在的墨西哥国家行动党(National Action Party)还没有选出一位候选人，该党目前落后于革命制度党至少20个百分点。无论哪方胜出都会面临着艰巨的挑战。这个经济增长微弱的国家在未来6年的时间里或将面临石油短缺。除此之外，新的总统必须对墨西哥数量急剧上升的暴力活动，腐败严重的警察队伍以及司法体系进行有效控制。委内瑞拉查韦斯为自己的生命和政治前途而战斗委内瑞拉的查韦斯(Hugo Chavez)曾在军队服役，他指挥的最有名的一次行动就是在1992年发动政变，结果没有成功。但在今年，这位前军官面临着三场难打的战役，即使是最有军事头脑的人才，在这些战役面前也会受到考验。查韦斯首先要为他的生命而战。这位现年57岁的总统正与癌症搏斗，虽然他自己说现在已经没有癌症，但其准确预后是委内瑞拉的国家机密。多个情报机构的报告都说查韦斯可能挺不过2012年，他的支持者则说，“司令官-总统”(El Comandante Presidente)将会战胜癌症。与此同时，在10月7日的选举中，查韦斯面临着从政以来最严酷的政治战役。委内瑞拉经济正在从衰退中复苏，犯罪率急剧上升，通货膨胀率被认为位居世界首位。反对党正团结起来，准备在2月12日预选中挑出一位唯一的候选人来跟查韦斯竞争。查韦斯的应对方式则是不顾一切地加大公共开支。他的第三个战役是防止委内瑞拉财政失控。预计今年委内瑞拉的预算赤字将达到年度经济产值的15%。只要石油价格保持在高位，查韦斯就可以不断地印刷钞票、积累债务。如果油价下跌，委内瑞拉当局可能就会步希腊政府的后尘。缅甸/朝鲜两个孤立国家的变革引起关注世界领导人将会仔细留意缅甸会不会扩大最近改革政治体制、开放经济的措施，以及独裁者金正日(Kim Jong Il)之死是否有可能在中国另一个行事秘密的盟国朝鲜带来相似的开放。美国和欧洲对这两个国家长期实施制裁，以惩罚其领导人侵犯人权、涉嫌开发核武器的行为。在过去一年里，缅甸官员放松媒体管制，释放部分政治犯，并承诺改革在极大程度上由政府掌控的经济体制。缅甸官员还曾说，他们并没有和朝鲜一道参与核扩散。缅甸与美国、欧洲的关系已经改善，让人猜想西方领导人可能会在2012年放松制裁。这样一来，随着油气公司、消费品公司和基建巨头涌进，人口5,500万、资源丰富的缅甸可能会成为一个热门投资题材。目前朝鲜将会改革的迹象少于缅甸。从金正日12月17日去世以来，朝鲜官方媒体一直强调，金正日之子、指定接班人金正恩(Kim Jong Eun)将为实现父亲遗愿而奋斗──其最大的愿望就是把朝鲜半岛统一到平壤的统治之下。“三农”问题是首先要关注的大事。“三农”问题不解决，中国经济要想持续稳定的发展是不可能的。从目前的情况来说，由于我国农村人口比重过高，不仅使得农民的收入水平上升缓慢，城乡之间的收入差别不是缩小反而加大了。 每年在外打工的上亿农民，在城市处于最低阶层，工资水平极低。农民收入水平过低，不仅福利水平难以上升，而且导致其消费力极低，进而使得国内经济减少对外经济依赖性、扩大内需容易流为宣传口号。 要解决“三农”问题，一要创造条件让大量农民进入城市，减少农村人口占整个人口的比重；二是要用法律保障农民土地产权及土地收益，使农民进入城市拥有最基本的财富起点；三要确立农民公民权利，使得他们在自由迁移过程中不受到歧视，特别是他们的子女受到公平的基本的教育；四是在上述基础上创造农民大量涌入城市的制度环境与条件。 其次，目前市场流行着一种看法，认为中国剩余劳动力无限供应的状况已经改变。理由有二，一是中国解放后“婴儿潮”的人口35-50岁）基本上达到顶峰，劳动力人口增长将出现放缓；二是从东南沿海的情况来看，劳动力供过于求的情况开始转变为供不应求。 笔者以为，在今后的20年里，中国劳动力无限供给的格局将无法改变。一是中国的人口基数大，尽管“后婴儿潮”时期的劳动力人口相对减少，但绝对量并不会下降；二是随着这几年国内基本教育及高等教育大力发展，国内劳动力人口的素质越来越高，而就业机会的增长远远低于劳动力人口培养的增长；三是城市化快速发展，肯定会让大量的农民涌入城市；四是只要从农民工十几年来的工资收益水平增长幅度十分微小、甚至于没有增长就可以看出，目前国内劳动力供给严重过剩。在未来一段时期，创造更多的就业机会仍然应该是宏观经济密切关注的目标。 第三，国内外汇储备快速增长与国内居民个人储蓄成倍增长，中国是否出现了资金过剩的格局？从近几个月央行采取的货币政策来看，遏制流动性快速增加成为央行的首要任务。就目前市场的主流意见来看，国内金融市场的流动性过剩基本是外汇占款增长过快及居民储蓄过高的结果。对于前者，只要本外币市场分割、结售汇制度不改变，在预期人民币升值的情况下，外汇储备的快速增长是不可能放缓的。对于后者，国内外学界一直在以中国人的储蓄率过高、消费率过低说事，但实际上，在目前的人口结构下，无论政府如何来提倡消费，无论政府把储蓄利率压到再低水平上，国内居民的储蓄并不会因此下降。 目前国内银行体系流动性过高，最根本的原因是政府管制下的低利率政策的结果。在低利率政策下，无论政府采取多少行政性措施来压制这种过多的流动性，只能是按下葫芦起了瓢，此起彼落。当大量的流动性在市场流窜时，各种资产价格就会快速上涨。如房地产市场与股市都会如此。 第四，经济生活严重的制度性利益失衡，从而使得社会财富在短期内向少数人聚集。比如，目前市场炒作严重的蓝筹股，基本上是国有企业、国有垄断性企业或政府通过严格的市场准入使得市场化不充分的行业。这些企业的好坏并非是通过市场竞争，企业努力的结果，而是通过政府垄断性政策轻易获利。这个问题不解决，不仅会严重弱化绝大多数民众的劳动努力程度，也是中国社会不稳定的根源。 上述都是中国经济生活中的大事，如果对这些问题没有一个基本认识，中国经济生活将面对的困难与问题会更多。
在指导学生写应试论文时可以遵照这一格式来写：即把文章分为三大块，八段文字。第一部分是引论，包括两段：第一段引述原材料要简练。第二段，在这个基础之上引发自己的感想，作为中心观点，这个观点要用论断的口气，旗帜鲜明，一定要独立成段，不能隐藏前一段的未尾，或后一段的开头。第二部分是本论，包括四段：第一段要用材料做例子加以分析，可以简论。不必要重复引用材料。第二段要从社会生活中，取一个角度不同的例子，进行详论。第三段，从社会生活再取一个角度不同的例子，进行略论，作为扩展面。第四段，在前三段的基础上延伸一下，联系一下社会实践，作为论述的扩展，只点明社会现象即可。不必再论述。
政治是人类历史发展到一定时期产生的一种重要社会现象，也是人类群体生活中可欲的价值,下面是我为大家精心推荐的高中政治论文范文两篇，希望能够对您有所帮助。
浅析高中思想政治课生成教学
【摘要】随着我国改革开放的深化，教育领域的教学也出现了不同以前的教育改革思潮。高中思想政治生成教学的研究已经取得了许多成果，本文将在此基础上就我国目前高中思想政治生成教学的存在的问题进行探究，并提出一些见解。
【关键词】教育领域;高中思想政治;生成
中图分类号：G63文献标识码A文章编号1006-0278(2015)08-193-01
一、前言
生成教学的概念是相对于预成教学这个概念而言的，生成教学强调的是教学的过程。早在20世纪80年代，意大利的吉欧・艾米里亚就在幼儿教育中进行了生成教育，取得良好的成绩。我国生成教学最早的研究者是著名教育家叶澜教授，叶教授在1997的《让课堂焕发生命的活力》中对生成教学提出了三个“互动”即：师生互动，生本互动，生生互动。这样的研究和实践为我国生成教学的发展做出了巨大的贡献，叶开启了我国生成教学的研究。
二、高中思想政治课生成教学存在的问题
(一)学生的教育主题地位被误读
高中思想政治课堂本该是师生共同演绎一场教与学的话剧，结果许多中学的思想政治教学都变成了老师的独角戏。不可否认许多政治老师的学识渊博和口灿莲花，但是当一堂四十五分钟的课堂完全变成了老师在课堂上侃侃而谈，下面的学生却如听天书，不知所云时。我们的教学还有意义吗?学生和老师在课堂唯一的交流就是老师的提问，然而那些只是被被动灌输知识的学生如何能很好的回答老师的问题呢?
这就是没有抓住思想政治教学的主体――学生，我们的许多老师还是停留在老师教什么，学生学什么就是的阶段。造成这个结果的主要责任在于老师，老师不能够清楚看清教育的主体是学生，老师的作用只是在于指导和解惑。当然，提倡重视学生的主体地位并不意味着否定老师的地位。
(二)高中思想政治教育实践性缺乏
陶行知提倡教育要“知行合一”然而，目前我们的思想政治教学中就十分的缺乏实践。许多中学的思想政治教育就是停留在老师教了，学生然后就是下大力气去背书，去背诵那些拗口政治术语，对于许多问题的含义和应用完全不理解。造成这个结果的原因主要有两个方面，一个是老师不重视学生的实践问题，这主要是许多老师本身的教育素质不够。另一个方面就是，我国目前实行的应试教育，虽然我们一直倡导要推行素质教育，然而考试的唯分数论还是令需许多的教学停留在只是教学生死记硬背课本知识的阶段，没有真正实践生成教学的理念。
(三)教师对生成教学的理解执行不够
生成教学在许多的地方已经进行了实验教学，从目前的教学现状和学生反映的实际成效来讲还存在许多的问题。一个是，许多老师对于生成教学还是不接受的，这主要体现在教学时间长的老教师身上，他们固执的认为自己的教学是的没有问题的。确实，我们以前的教学模式本身就或多或少的包含一些生成教学的内涵在里面，这也就不难怪许多老师会固执自己的教学模式。另一个方面就是，一些能够接受的生成教学的老师在教学过程中要么过度讨论，他们给学生太多的讨论时间和问题，出现“为了讨论而讨论”的现象，反而没能收到很好的效果。这就是对于生成教学的宣传不到位，没能把生成教学的本质精神传达给一线老师。
三、高中政治生成教学的策略思考
生成教学注重的是过程，反对机械化的教学，反对把学生当成盛水的缸，一直往里面灌水。强调的是教学主体间的互动，也就是老师、学生和课本以及实践的互动。具体说来，就是生成教学注重的是参与性，提倡学生参与到教学中去;非线性，也就是教学过程不能一成不变;创造新，即老师要创新教学的模式，以及开放性，不能固守课本，要放眼课本之外的知识。具体说来，笔者认为，高中政治生成教学的探索可以从下面几个方面入手。
(一)提倡实践育人的理念
传统教育观念的根深蒂固以及应试教育现状使得我们教学中实践的成分极少，对此我们必须在今后的教学中加强实践教学。具体到高中政治教学，我们可以采用情景教学的方法，比如高中政治会讲到“选举权”和“被选举权”我们的老师就可以通过多媒体的方式去创造出这样的场景，帮助学生理解这两个概念。再比如高中政治中的货币流通概念，我们的教学就可以通过“角色扮演”的方式加深同学们对于概念的理解。
(二)摆正教师位置，坚持学生主体概念
韩愈说老师的作用就是“传道、授业、解惑”这句话在今天也不过时，我们在政治教学中的就该把老师的地位摆放在这样的位置。老师是对学生进行指导的，而不是老师就可以帮助学生做一切的事情。这样做的一个方面就是让学生的主体地位得以凸显，学生在政治教学中的就可以获取许多知识以及知识之外的能力。摆正教师的位置，还有另外的一个用处就是让老师在学生的学习中起到到补充的作用。比如说，讲到我国政权的组织形式等内容时，老师老师就可以拿具体的时事政治，具体的政治事件加深学生对于知识的理解。
(三)改革政治的高考模式
现在的高考模式中，政治的内容还是停留的靠背记课本知识来作答的阶段。这也是许多政治教学只是注重学生死记硬背，不强调理解的原因。笔者认为，我们的高中政治生成教学确实取得了许多的成绩，但是如果将这些取得的经验和成绩运用到教学中去还需要跳过重要的一关，这一关就是高考制度。笔者无意去改变我国的高考制度，但是强烈希望我国的高考制度中能够对政治做出革新，能够突出学生的实际应用和分析问题的能力，而不是死记硬背。
四、结语
任何的理论和实践都隔着太多的障碍，笔者对于高中思想政治教学的分析还只是一家之见，希望有更多的教育工作者一起来探讨生成教学。从长远来看，生成教学必将会是我国未来教学一个方向，特别是在高中政治教学这个方面。笔者殷切的期盼我国的生成教学能够从理论走向实际应用，并取得良好的成果，为我国培育出更多更好的实用型人才。
参考文献：
[1]林玉忠.思想政治课凸显生活逻辑课堂教学策略[J].北京教育学院学报，2010(3).
[2]余文森.课堂：如何让“预设”与“生成”共精彩[N].中国教育报， 2014-4-14(5).
[3]郑金洲.生成教学[M].福州：福建教育出版社，2005：152-155.
[4]李森，王银飞.生活性教学的基本理念与实践策略[J].教育理论与实践，2005(13).
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怎样写政治小论文呢？1.提出论题 这是政治小论文的“首”，一般为一段，20字左右。针对特定的材料或命题，开门见山，三言两语，亮明中心论点，揭示出本质性的问题。 2.分析论题 这是政治小论文的"干"，一般为1～2段，300字左右。围绕中心论题进行有理有据、深入本质的分析，鼓励学生发表独到的见解。分析时切记不可面面俱到，而应析其一点，击中要害，一针见血，就具有更强的战斗力和说服力。要求论据充足，分析深刻，逻辑严密，层次清楚。 3.解决论题 这是政治小论文的"腹"，一般为一段，100字左右。针对中心论题提出可行的解决办法，鼓励学生发扬创新精神。 4.联系实际 这是政治小论文的"尾"，一般为一段，40字左右。联系青少年学生实际，是政治小论文不可或缺的一部分。总之，政治小论文的结尾要紧扣论题，联系实际，深化主题，充满感召力。
One Sunday my mother (Mother) had (made) me take my little young brother to the a trip to the country. She bade me take good care of him.While we were walking along the road, the sun was shining brightly the breeze was blowing gently. We saw the beautiful flowers *** ile ( *** iling) at us heard the birds sing (singing) their sweet songs on the trees. The scenery was indeed very pretty (beautiful).When we felt tired, we returned home. We saw Mother (our mother) wait (waiting) for us at the door.有一个星期日，我母亲叫我带小弟弟去乡村游历。
她吩咐我要好好照料他。当沿着道路行走的时候，太阳灿烂地照耀着，微风轻轻地吹着。
看见美丽的花儿对微笑着，并听见鸟儿在树上唱着悦耳的歌曲，风景实十分美丽。当感觉到疲倦的时候，就回家了。
看见母样正在门口等候。How to study during summer holiday Summer holiday is ing.Students can have a rest.But we still need to study.So how to study in vacation is a problem. First,we should make a plan before we do the homework.And then we should study with it.It will promise us that we can plete（完成） the work on time.So we won't be so hurry before school begins.Second,we'd better to do the homework carefully,or we can't have good study effect.Third,after we finish doing our homework ,we can have the preparation（预习）for the new term（学期）.It will help us to study easier in the class . This is my opinion.I think these things can make us have a good summer holiday .I think I will enjoy my holiday.And you?My Summer PlanI am glad that summer holiday is approaching.I'll be able to enjoy and relax myselve,which is not easy for me,a pre-graduated student.In order to have a meanningful holiday,I made a plan.First,I would like to do some housework at home.such as cleaning the room,washing the dishes,watering the flowers.Then I am going to do some exercises,including ball games,running.Finally,I want to work at my study.I'll go over my lessons and pratise my English.。
Polar bears are one of most beautiful animals in this world, but their home, the Arctic, is now in danger. Environmental pollution and global warming are seriously threatening their habitat. Arctic summer sea ice could disappear by 2030, according to climate models. Being already lack of food, they have to be near human settlements where they often acquire a taste for garbage, and that brings bears and humans both into perilous proximity. Based on current projections, scientists say that o-thirds of the world's polar bears could be extinct by mid-century, though a significant cut in greenhouse gas emissions could help halt that decline. So measures should be taken to protect the environment on which they are relying. First, governments should legislate to protect oceans as well as the atmosphere. Second, voices should be made to teach the public of the importance of environment protection. Third, enterprises should pay special attention to the effect they have on the environment and work out solutions for the problems. Of course, every individual should try one's best in daily life by saving water/energy, driving less and so on.译文： 北极熊是在这个世界上最美丽的动物之一，但他们的家，北极，目前正处于危险中。
环境污染和全球气候变暖正严重威胁它们的栖息地。根据气候模型，北极夏季海冰到2030年就会消失。
因为它们已经缺乏食物，它们开始侵扰人类32313133353236313431303231363533e59b9ee7ad9431333330363239住区附近，甚至是吃垃圾，这会让熊和人类的距离近的危险。 根据目前的预测，科学家们说，到本世纪中叶世界上北极熊的三分之二就可能已经灭绝，但显著削减温室气体排放量可以帮助制止这种趋势。
因此，应采取措施，保护环境。首先， *** 应立法保护海洋和大气。
其次，教导大众保护环境的重要性。第三，企业要特别注意它们对环境的影响，并制定出问题的解决方案。
当然，每个人都应该在日常生活中尽量保护环境，例如节约水资源/能源，少开车，等等。
As regards the study pressure in universities, students vary in their opinions. Some argue too much pressure is harmful to their academic life, while others regard pressure as a driving force that encourages them to work hard and be top students.As far as I am concerned, too much pressure from study will do harm to my academic life. First and foremost, being overburdened by study, students will be exhausted and bee less creative.Moreover, excessive tensions will do no good to their physical health. Only a sound body could guarantee longterm efficient academic study and research.As the proverb goes, “All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.”It is suggested that university students balance work and leisure by putting aside enough time for relaxation. Only in this way could higher efficiency in academic study be ensured。
Life is like a mirror, you *** ile to it, it you laugh, you cry it, it will cry for you, anyway, is a happy day, is not a happy day, why not do a little happy? So, with a *** ile in the face Life. In the face of life with a *** ile, it can raise your self-confidence, so that we will be able to do much more effective, we came to this world naked, naked and can not go back, right? Otherwise, it came to the world that has been going on in vain. If Everyone with a *** ile in the face of life, then the world will not be a bad guy, we do not have to sleep all closed down. "In the face of life with a *** ile," these words will acpany me through my life!。
My hometown is in a city which is not very large.There are not any high buildings,and the streets are not very wide.But it is really beautiful with lots of hills and lakes. The climate is very suitable for people to live.In my hometown,you can find many places of entertainments,such as,tea houses,bars and cafe bars and so on.And they are all in the same street.Many people who have visited here say that it is just like a *** all Hongkong.If I can change my hometown,first of all, I'd like to build a entertainment park,just like the Happy Valley.I think that people can relax themselves at the weekends.Meanwhile,people have a place to have the social munication.Certainly enough,it can promote the local economy and beautify the environment.Anyway,that's my dream.I know that I have to work harder to realize my dream. Declarative（陈述句）My elder brother was a very clever boy in his class in the middle schoolInterrogative（疑问句）Do you always help the other people when they are in trouble?Imperative（祈使句）Come back home,or you will catch a cold in such a cold day.Exclamatory（感叹句）How interesting the story is!Simple（简单句）He is a good at handwriting.Compound（并列句）Are you serious or are you kidding at this matter?Complex（复合句）I don't like the cities where it is so noisy and crowded.Compound—Complex（复杂句）Being a student,you should work hard at your lessons which can help you get matured.Long Sentences（长句）Thinking about the problem,he looked at his text-books on the table when he finished his homework which makes him bored and tired as well.Periodic（圆周句）He is a busy man,and the busy man is him.Bakabced（对称句）He is very clever,but,he is very lazy.。
考试作文1: Title: A Strange Dream Time Limit: 30 minutes Word Limit: No less than 120 words 参考范文A Strange Dream It was a sweet spring. How pretty it was! I sat on the green meadow and glanced over my book. The warm winds blew gently. I was very tired and lay down to rest for a little while. Very soon I went into a state of dreaming. A little girl sleeps in a corner of the garden. She cries and cries until her sound is broken. Suddenly a bright figure appears before the child. A beautiful fairy stands in front of her. She had a wand in her hand. “Why do you cry? What's the trouble? Perhaps I can help you”, the fairy says. “My mother is dead. I am lonely, and nobody loves me”, answers the girl. “I am a fairy, my home is in the moon. Do you see the light of the moon? How pleasant it is. Would you like to live with me in the moon?” “Thank you, dear fairy, I want to go with you”. The fairy leads the girl into a wood where there are many dwarfs. They look very busy. Every one of them has to dig the soil. They are trying to find varieties of seeds. They cultivate the fields with their hands. All day long though they are exhausted, yet they are forced to work on. Otherwise they will be whipped to death. I made up my mind to save all of those dwarfs. The sound of the bell suddenly came to my ears. I had to wake up. Oh! This is no other than a dream. I will not let it trouble my mind. (264 words)考试作文2: Title: A Visit to My Uncle (Grandfather，… ) Time Limit: 30 minutes Word Limit: No less than 120 words 参考范文A Visit to My Uncle I spent the winter vacation at my hometown last year. I went to visit my uncle on the following afternoon of my arrival, acpanied by my brother. The weather was bitterly cold. Drifts of snow were frozen up by the strong north wind. We wore fur gowns and walked closely together, but still shivered from time to time. My uncle's house was at the other side of the hill, near the city wall. It is a shorter way to go across the h1ll and down straight to his door. We went by that way to his house. When we got on the top of the hill, his house was already within our sight. Then we quickened our paces, excited with a sort of passion which was very dear to us from years pas? We fot the cold already. My uncle was still the same as I remember him. His laugh, his voice and his gesture, were all as familiar to me as if we had not parted even one day. He was still very healthy. He treated us very kind. He asked to prepare tiff for us in spite of our protest. We said that we could eat only a little, since we had already taken much food, but his warm entreaties made us empty all the dishes. I spent the whole afternoon with our cousins in the country. I was very happy to enjoy the fine scenery in the country, and to breathe some fresh air. When it was growing dark, we started for home. On the way back, we talked about the pleasure of the country people and the pain of the farmers. (275 words)考试作文3: Title: The Person I Admire the Most Time Limit: 30 minutes Word Limit: no less than 120 words Outline: (1) His / Her identity (2) Reasons for my admiration (3) My conclusion 参考范文The Person I Admire the Most Mrs. Fulmer is my English instructor. She es from the U.S.A. Like most of my clas *** ates, I think of her as a repeatable person. She is also very popular among us. Mrs. Fulmer has many of the qualities that students appreciate in an instructor. First, she is cordial and patient. Whenever dealing with new teaching material, she tried hard to get every detail to all students. In addition, she understands our difficulties and does her best to help us get over them. Second, she has an expressive look and an impressive tone. So she always manages to make her lectures interesting and exciting. Finally, Mrs. Fulmer is a very capable anizer. All of us appreciate the schedules of assignments she gives us at the beginning of a term. They allow us to plan our time reasonably and efficiently. Personally, I trust that as a dedicated woman. Mrs. Fulmer is believed to be a successful English instructor. (156 words) 考试作文4: Title: A Person's Birthday Time Limit: 30 minutes Word Limit: No less than 120 words 参考范文Jim's BirthdayYesterday was Jim's birthday. He got a lot of presents from his friends and family. All the gifts were wrapped in colored paper. Some of the packages were large, but others were very *** all. One square package was blue; there was a book in it. Another one was long and narrow; it had an umbrella in it. Jim's sister gave him a big, round package. He thought it was a ball, but it was not. When he removed the yellow paper that coveted it, he saw that it was a globe o。
Whereas other societies look to the past for guidance, we cast our s forward（面向未32313133353236313431303231363533e59b9ee7ad9431333238663036来）It is the belief in a brighter future that gives us optimi *** .Even these days, when not all progress seems positive (nuclear weapons, air pollution, unemployment, etc.), the belief remains that for every problem there is a rational solution.The job of the parents is to give the children every opportunity while they are growing up and then get out of their way.What deference people in authority do mand is based on their actual powers rather than on their age, wisdom, or dignity.In a society that changes as fast as ours, experience simply does not have the value that it does in traditional societies.It has taken a long time to convince the public that free enterprise does not mean that a pany should be free to pollute the air, foul the rivers, and destroy the forests.The assembly line reduced workers to cogs of machinery and made their jobs unutterably boring, but it produced goods fast.Food is prepackaged and shopping is impersonal, but the efficiency of the operation produces lower prices and less shopping time.。
You may feel that college life is boring.We do not know how to deal with the plenty of spare time.But I think the college life will bee wonderful as long as you make it meaningful.In your spare time,you could play basketball,football and so on.Doing sports is very interesting and good for your health.In fact,you can do anything which you are interested in.Do not be nervous.We are friends.Studying in college is a brand new start of our life.You can continue to study hard for the better scords.Libary is a good place for students to study in.If you want to show your talents and skills you can join in all kinds of activities.In a word,college life is wonderful!。
There are four seasons here in Beijing. Spring, summer,autumn and winter.Now it is spring. The weather gets warmer and warmer. But sometimes it has lots of winds. The flowers are everywhere and grass is green. The trees turn green and swallows e back. It's best to fly kites in spring.Summer es after spring. It lasts from June to August. It's the hottest season of the year. People like to go swimming in summer. Students have a summer holiday for about o months.Autumn is a harvist time. Farmers are busy with their crops. The sky is the bluest of the year. We often celebrate Mid-autumn Festival in October.Winter lasts from December to February. It is the coldest time of the year. People like to ski and skate in winter. It sometimes snows then children go out and play with the snow。
I want to go to Australia because it is a beautiful country. It has a rich range of events and festivals to plan my holiday around. Visit for world-class events such as the Grand Prix, Australian Open tennis or the Melbourne Cup.I will also head to high-profile sporting matches such as the Ashes, Bledisloe Cup or Australian Rules Football and immerse myself in the arts and music festivals that enliven the cities each summer. I will indulge in concerts, musicals, ballet, opera and theatre and join exuberant parties like Sydney's NYE celebrations.During summer, we can discover the surf lifesaving and surf carnivals along the coast. In winter, tackle a marathon or endurance event. Or travel to sacred Aboriginal festivals and madcap outback events such as the Camel Cup or Henley-on-Todd.Australia's events and festivals range from local events to world-famous celebrations and happen across all seasons and destinations. Wherever and whenever, I would defintely want to give this country a visit。
The vast majority of television advertisements today consist of brief advertising spots, ranging in length from a few seconds to several minutes (as well as program-length infomercials). Advertisements of this sort have been used to sell every product imaginable over the years, from household products to goods and services, to political campaigns. The effect of television advertisements upon the viewing public has been so successful and so pervasive that it is considered impossible for a politician to wage a successful election campaign, in the United States, without use of television advertising
Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies how individuals, households and firms make decisions to allocate limited resources,[1] typically in markets where goods or services are being bought and sold. Microeconomics examines how these decisions and behaviours affect the supply and demand for goods and services, which determines prices; and how prices, in turn, determine the supply and demand of goods and services.[2][3] Macroeconomics, on the other hand, involves the "sum total of economic activity, dealing with the issues of growth, inflation and unemployment, and with national economic policies relating to these issues"[2] and the effects of government actions (such as changing taxation levels) on them.[4] Particularly in the wake of the Lucas critique, much of modern macroeconomic theory has been built upon 'microfoundations' — i.e. based upon basic assumptions about micro-level behaviour. One of the goals of microeconomics is to analyze market mechanisms that establish relative prices amongst goods and services and allocation of limited resources amongst many alternative uses. Microeconomics analyzes market failure, where markets fail to produce efficient results, as well as describing the theoretical conditions needed for perfect competition. Significant fields of study in microeconomics include general equilibrium, markets under asymmetric information, choice under uncertainty and economic applications of game theory. Also considered is the elasticity of products within the market system. Assumptions and definitions The theory of supply and demand usually assumes that markets are perfectly competitive. This implies that there are many buyers and sellers in the market and none of them have the capacity to significantly influence prices of goods and services. In many real-life transactions, the assumption fails because some individual buyers or sellers or groups of buyers or sellers do have the ability to influence prices. Quite often a sophisticated analysis is required to understand the demand-supply equation of a good. However, the theory works well in simple situations. Mainstream economics does not assume a priori that markets are preferable to other forms of social organization. In fact, much analysis is devoted to cases where so-called market failures lead to resource allocation that is suboptimal by some standard (highways are the classic example, profitable to all for use but not directly profitable for anyone to finance). In such cases, economists may attempt to find policies that will avoid waste directly by government control, indirectly by regulation that induces market participants to act in a manner consistent with optimal welfare, or by creating "missing markets" to enable efficient trading where none had previously existed. This is studied in the field of collective action. It also must be noted that "optimal welfare" usually takes on a Paretian norm, which in its mathematical application of Kaldor-Hicks Method, does not stay consistent with the Utilitarian norm within the normative side of economics which studies collective action, namely public choice. Market failure in positive economics (microeconomics) is limited in implications without mixing the belief of the economist and his or her theory. The demand for various commodities by individuals is generally thought of as the outcome of a utility-maximizing process. The interpretation of this relationship between price and quantity demanded of a given good is that, given all the other goods and constraints, this set of choices is that one which makes the consumer happiest. [edit] Modes of operation It is assumed that all firms are following rational decision-making, and will produce at the profit-maximizing output. Given this assumption, there are four categories in which a firm's profit may be considered. A firm is said to be making an economic profit when its average total cost is less than the price of each additional product at the profit-maximizing output. The economic profit is equal to the quantity output multiplied by the difference between the average total cost and the price. A firm is said to be making a normal profit when its economic profit equals zero. This occurs where average total cost equals price at the profit-maximizing output. If the price is between average total cost and average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, then the firm is said to be in a loss-minimizing condition. The firm should still continue to produce, however, since its loss would be larger if it were to stop producing. By continuing production, the firm can offset its variable cost and at least part of its fixed cost, but by stopping completely it would lose the entirety of its fixed cost. If the price is below average variable cost at the profit-maximizing output, the firm should go into shutdown. Losses are minimized by not producing at all, since any production would not generate returns significant enough to offset any fixed cost and part of the variable cost. By not producing, the firm loses only its fixed cost. By losing this fixed cost the company faces a challenge. It must either exit the market or remain in the market and risk a complete loss. [edit] Market failure Main article: Market failure In microeconomics, the term "market failure" does not mean that a given market has ceased functioning. Instead, a market failure is a situation in which a given market does not efficiently organize production or allocate goods and services to consumers. Economists normally apply the term to situations where the inefficiency is particularly dramatic, or when it is suggested that non-market institutions would provide a more desirable result. On the other hand, in a political context, stakeholders may use the term market failure to refer to situations where market forces do not serve the public interest. The four main types or causes of market failure are: Monopolies or other cases of abuse of market power where a "single buyer or seller can exert significant influence over prices or output". Abuse of market power can be reduced by using antitrust regulations.[5] Externalities, which occur in cases where the "market does not take into account the impact of an economic activity on outsiders." There are positive externalities and negative externalities.[5] Positive externalities occur in cases such as when a television program on family health improves the public's health. Negative externalities occur in cases such as when a company’s processes pollutes air or waterways. Negative externalities can be reduced by using government regulations, taxes, or subsidies, or by using property rights to force companies and individuals to take the impacts of their economic activity into account. Public goods are goods that have the characteristics that they are non-excludable and non-rivalous and include national defense[5] and public health initiatives such as draining mosquito-breeding marshes. For example, if draining mosquito-breeding marshes was left to the private market, far fewer marshes would probably be drained. To provide a good supply of public goods, nations typically use taxes that compel all residents to pay for these public goods (due to scarce knowledge of the positive externalities to third parties/social welfare); and Cases where there is asymmetric information or uncertainty (information inefficiency).[5] Information asymmetry occurs when one party to a transaction has more or better information than the other party. For example, used-car salespeople may know whether a used car has been used as a delivery vehicle or taxi, information that may not be available to buyers. Typically it is the seller that knows more about the product than the buyer, but this is not always the case. An example of a situation where the buyer may have better information than the seller would be an estate sale of a house, as required by a last will and testament. A real estate broker purchasing this house may have more information about the house than the family members of the deceased. This situation was first described by Kenneth J. Arrow in a seminal article on health care in 1963 entitled "Uncertainty and the Welfare Economics of Medical Care," in the American Economic Review. George Akerlof later used the term asymmetric information in his 1970 work The Market for Lemons. Akerlof noticed that, in such a market, the average value of the commodity tends to go down, even for those of perfectly good quality, because the buyer has no way of knowing whether the product they are buying will turn out to be a "lemon" (a defective product). [edit] Opportunity cost Main article: Opportunity cost Although opportunity cost can be hard to quantify, the effect of opportunity cost is universal and very real on the individual level. In fact, this principle applies to all decisions, not just economic ones. Since the work of the Austrian economist Friedrich von Wieser, opportunity cost has been seen as the foundation of the marginal theory of value. Opportunity cost is one way to measure the cost of something. Rather than merely identifying and adding the costs of a project, one may also identify the next best alternative way to spend the same amount of money. The forgone profit of this next best alternative is the opportunity cost of the original choice. A common example is a farmer that chooses to farm his land rather than rent it to neighbors, wherein the opportunity cost is the forgone profit from renting. In this case, the farmer may expect to generate more profit himself. Similarly, the opportunity cost of attending university is the lost wages a student could have earned in the workforce, rather than the cost of tuition, books, and other requisite items (whose sum makes up the total cost of attendance). The opportunity cost of a vacation in the Bahamas might be the down payment money for a house. Note that opportunity cost is not the sum of the available alternatives, but rather the benefit of the single, best alternative. Possible opportunity costs of the city's decision to build the hospital on its vacant land are the loss of the land for a sporting center, or the inability to use the land for a parking lot, or the money that could have been made from selling the land, or the loss of any of the various other possible uses—but not all of these in aggregate. The true opportunity cost would be the forgone profit of the most lucrative of those listed. One question that arises here is how to assess the benefit of dissimilar alternatives. We must determine a dollar value associated with each alternative to facilitate comparison and assess opportunity cost, which may be more or less difficult depending on the things we are trying to compare. For example, many decisions involve environmental impacts whose dollar value is difficult to assess because of scientific uncertainty. Valuing a human life or the economic impact of an Arctic oil spill involves making subjective choices with ethical implications.
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