中国期刊全文数据库 共找到 8 条[1]杨松. 新保险法修改的主要内容浅析[J]. 红河学院学报, 2004,(02) . [2]何杨彪. 试论新《保险法》对消费者权益的保护[J]. 湖南财经高等专科学校学报, 2009,(04) . [3]黄曼妮. 关于新《保险法》不可抗辩条款的思考[J]. 黑龙江金融, 2009,(09) . [4]方志平. 试论新《保险法》背景下寿险的合规营销[J]. 上海保险, 2009,(04) . [5]胡滨. 新《保险法》——彰显被保险人的利益保护[J]. 中国金融, 2009,(06) . [6]李斌. 新《保险法》更注重投保人权益[J]. 新财经, 2009,(05) . [7]袁建华. 2009新《保险法》的显著特点与实施效果预测[J]. 现代财经-天津财经大学学报, 2009,(09) . [8]夏益国. 中国保险业规范发展的新起点——写在新《中华人民共和国保险法》颁布实施之际[J]. 中国保险, 2009,(09) .中国期刊全文数据库 共找到 5 条[1]钟诚. 浅析新《保险法》的修订内容[J]. 北方经济, 2009,(14) . [2]熊悠云. 浅谈保险企业如何应对新《保险法》带来的巨大挑战——基于风险管理的角度[J]. 经营管理者, 2009,(16) . [3]李莎,符芸榕. 浅析法律对保险经营的影响[J]. 技术与市场, 2009,(09) . [4]胡滨. 《保险法》修订及其对中国保险业的影响[J]. 金融与经济, 2009,(08) . [5]李然. 从新保险法的几大变化谈保护保险消费者利益[J]. 金卡工程(经济与法), 2010,(03) . 中国优秀硕士学位论文全文数据库 共找到 2 条[1]徐敏峰. 开放背景下我国保险资金运用研究[D]. 河海大学, 2005 . [2]唐余. 我国保险合同纠纷解决机制探索[D]. 西南财经大学, 2007 . 中国期刊全文数据库 共找到 6 条[1]张响贤,宣鸣,王勉. 论汽车保险费率市场化的趋势——从日本汽车保险费率的变迁谈起[J]. 保险研究, 2002,(01) . [2]雷定安,刘学宁. 对人身保险不可抗辩条款的深层思考[J]. 东方论坛.青岛大学学报, 2002,(01) . [3]侯刚. 对中国人寿保险中“不可抗辩条款”的思考[J]. 经营管理者, 2008,(16) . [4]李莎,张建刚. 不可抗辩条款在我国的应用前景展望[J]. 当代经济, 2009,(07) . [5]何惠珍. 保险投资:发展障碍与发展路径[J]. 广东金融学院学报, 2005,(04) . [6]魏薇. 金融监管立法日趋成熟——解读新《保险法修订草案》[J]. 中国金融家, 2008,(09) .
网络营销论文参考文献
参考文献是在学术研究过程中，对某一著作或论文的整体的参考或借鉴。征引过的文献在注释中已注明，不再出现于文后参考文献中。按照字面的意思，参考文献是文章或著作等写作过程中参考过的文献。下面是我整理的网络营销论文参考文献，欢迎大家阅览。
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[47]冯维。绍兴K企业的服装网络营销策略研究[D]浙江理工大学，2016。
[48]王捷。企业网络营销的现状与发展对策研究[J] 河北软件职业技术学院学报，2016，（03）：58—61。
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[64]刘柯志。基于微信的企业网络营销模式探讨[J] 商场现代化，2016，（17）：69—70。
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市场经济的建设不断完善，发展速度不断加快 保险 业蓬勃增长，保险行业的价值和作用日益被人们重视，成为国民经济中不可或缺的组成部分。下面我给大家带来保险业论文选题方向题目参考，希望能帮助到大家!
金融与保险 毕业 论文题目
1、信用保险下银行供应链金融风险评价--以山西省煤炭企业为例
2、互联网金融时代吉林省保险业发展探析
3、互联网保险使消费金融更透明
4、基于溢出指数下的我国金融系统风险溢出效应研究
5、依托精准扶贫建立涉农信贷与涉农保险互动机制的对策
6、保险公司发展住房反向抵押养老保险的市场环境分析--以湖南省为例
7、我国金融控股集团治理结构研究
8、基于碳排放约束的金融支持、技术进步与能源效率分析
9、我国城镇家庭资产对其消费行为影响的 经验 研究
10、商业银行代理保险业务的法律规制探究
11、金融科技现状与发展趋势
12、保险产业政府规制的国际经验比较与借鉴
13、金融资本化与资本金融化亟需遏制--基于马克思主义产融关系理论的思考
14、偿付能力监管制度改革与保险公司成本效率--基于中国财险市场的经验数据
15、互联网金融模式下的保险营销
16、银行代理保险销售风险的法律规制研究
17、制约我国反向抵押贷款的瓶颈分析
18、保险在绿色金融体系建设中大有可为
19、我国存款保险制度的赔偿模式选择
20、基于金融消费者保护视角的存款保险制度研究
21、普惠金融时代的互联网保险走势
22、国外科技金融风险救助法律经验及借鉴
23、基于普惠金融视角下重庆农产品保险发展现状分析
24、金融精准扶贫对策研究
25、普惠金融体系下的互联网保险创新
26、银行业互联网金融服务“三农”的形势、挑战及策略
27、互联网金融发展现状及对保险企业经营的影响
28、国际大型保险金融集团战略演变及启示--基于AIG的分析研究
29、浅谈农村金融服务创新与支持地方经济发展
30、后危机时代的金融安全网
31、基于国外经验的中国农村金融发展路径与对策分析
32、我国农业保险立法模式重构困境及其突破路径
33、消费者权益保护视角下的互联网保险营商自由
34、关于商业银行进驻保险业务的思考
35、供给侧结构性改革的金融支持研究--基于居民金融资产配置的视角
36、我国互联网保险的发展基础、过程与逻辑
37、中国家庭商业人身保险需求现状及其影响因素--基于中国家庭金融调查的实证研究
38、保险业会计处理之革新
39、存款保险制度对商业银行的影响
40、试析交叉性金融业务存在的风险与对策
41、基于国际视角的中国存款保险制度探究
42、企业社保经办部门如何针对养老保险个人账户管理进行风险控制
43、京津冀协同发展背景下河北省金融结构优化研究
44、保险公司与商业银行资本管理比较分析
45、存款保险制度下大型商业银行应对之策
46、分数布朗环境下带随机利率的保险商偿债率模型研究
47、从存款保险评级谈地 方法 人银行业金融机构风险防范思路
48、金融保险行业廉洁风险隐患防控建议
49、我国存款保险制度中的道德风险及防范 措施
50、社会保险与家庭金融风险资产投资
51、营改增背景下我国保险业流转税改革研究
52、我国存款保险基金管理机构早期纠正权问题探析
53、金融包容框架下欠发达地区金融消费者权益保护分析--以商业银行理财业务为例
54、互联网金融与 文化 产业相结合模式的研究--以阿里“娱乐宝”为例
55、金融科技发展对保险行业的影响研究
56、以绿色金融手段治理生态环境问题
医疗保险毕业论文题目
[1]医保药品目录调整之退出机制的国际经验借鉴
[2]德国长期护理保险制度的缘起、运行、调整与改革
[3]美国长期照护评估系统最小数据集升级对我国老年护理评估的启示
[4]基于RE-AIM模型的城乡居民大病保险模式评估
[5]“十四五”期间提升老龄人口医养服务路径的思考
[6]人口流动对居民商业保险需求的影响研究——基于CGSS2017数据的实证分析
[7]浅谈中医“治未病”费用补偿机制
[8]政府财政精准施策,助力医疗卫生体制高效运行——以阜南县医改实践为例
[9]美国医疗保险与药物治疗管理
[10]美国药物治疗管理服务的计费模式
[11]东营地区农村医疗保险对农村居民消费的影响
[12]全民医保“十四五”规划发展方向与商业保险的发展建议
[13]“十四五”期间财险业发展前景预测
[14]“管理式医疗+保险科技”模式在健康保险发展中的应用
[15]现行医保结算方式下的医院 财务管理 探讨
[16]公立医院医保基金内部控制的问题与对策探讨
[17]大别山连片特困地区农户多维贫困测度及治理研究——以安徽省W县为例
[18]上海市质子重离子医院商业保险模式实践及思考
[19]医疗协作模式医联体激励相容制度分析
[20]资源配置视角下长期护理险15个城市服务供给模式分析
[21]我国社会保障体系对居民就业的影响研究
[22]“一带一路”背景下针灸推拿英语复合型人才国内外就业情况分析
[23]中国医保预算影响分析的研究范式
[24]中国医保预算影响分析的研究范式
[25]20x—20x年镇江地区烧伤流行病学特征分析
[26]城乡居民医疗保险征缴问题与对策——以镇巴县税务局观音税务分局征缴实践为例
[27]对“锦欣医疗”跨界合作的营销策略分析
[28]老年女性精神分裂症患者乳腺癌患病风险因素
[29]立足新阶段 坚持新理念 开启新征程——关于医疗保障体系现代化的几点思考
[30]社会保险基金财务和会计制度改革的探索与思考——从医疗保障制度改革视角探讨
[31]海南自贸港医疗保障与国际接轨的走向思考
[32]多维度多层次推进医疗保障 应保尽保的珠海实践
[33]宁夏城乡居民大病保险制度运行情况分析与思考
[34]定点医疗机构医保基金使用规范初探
[35]我国心脑血管疾病治疗费用与基本医疗保险支出核算与分析
[36]浅谈外伤与疾病的关联性鉴定在工伤认定中的运用
[37]基本医疗保险按病种分值付费比较研究
[38]某三级公立医院出入院服务时效和患者满意度现况分析
[39]新形势下生育保险费用精细化管理探索与实践——基于某三级综合性医疗机构视角
[40]国内外DRG病种支付应用与发展的探讨
[41]经济法视野下农民工社会保障制度分析
[42]我国互联网医院服务模式分析
[43]北京市16区患者基层医疗卫生机构就诊情况及影响因素研究
[44]经济新常态环境下社会保险与商业保险融合发展研究
[45]基于层次分析法研究门诊患者选择医疗机构的影响因素
[46]农民参加城乡居民基本医疗保险满意度及其影响因素——基于湖南省5市的实证分析
[47]用人单位未缴纳基本医疗保险的侵权损害赔偿——以保定金盛公司医保纠纷案为例
[48]西宁地区ICU老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病伴严重呼吸衰竭的危险因素分析
[49]老龄化背景下我国老年人长期照护社会性保险法制构建初探
[50]政研融合构建医保治理体系与现代化初探
[51]医院医保管理中PDCA循环管理模式的应用与效果评价
保险相关论文题目
1、西部地区新型农村合作医疗资金筹集和运作的优化措施分析
2、中外国家保险业效率比较研究
3、我国保险网络营销 渠道 策略研究
4、中国平安人寿理赔服务满意度提升方案
5、保险人代位求偿权问题分析
6、我国银行保险发展问题探析
7、关于团险渠道业务发展困境的思考
8、从政府机构的视角构建我国海洋与渔业灾害风险防范体系
9、中国财产保险公司经营效率实证研究
10、互联网保险的前景分析及模式预测
11、我国淡水养殖保险发展制约因素及对策分析
12、中国保险业成熟度的测量与实证
13、人寿保险信托及其在我国推行的意义
14、我国西部民族地区巨灾保险立法探析
15、基层农机保险现状及对策建议
16、关于中国邮政保险未来发展的思考
17、电商时代下邮政保险业务创新发展策略
18、我国保险销售渠道改革创新的方向与措施
19、大学生纳入城镇居民医疗保险存在的问题与对策
20、《社会保险法》实施中的问题及对策研究
21、我国老年护理保险的法律探析
22、我国保险监管模式的现实思考
23、浅析我国电子商务保险发展
24、我国保险业中若干问题的统计分析
25、车险创新销售模式
26、大学生参加城镇居民基本医疗保险意愿影响因素分析
27、陕西地区快递保险调查与分析
28、从保险学的角度探析近代哈尔滨保险业特点
29、我国保险的现状及发展趋势分析
30、移动保险渠道 市场营销 现状与发展趋势分析
31、养老保险双轨制的影响及未来路径探讨
32、基于洪水数值模拟的溃堤保险定价研究
33、论雇主责任保险
34、浅析新形势下我国保险欺诈现状和对策
35、浅谈货物运输保险及发生事故的赔偿责任
36、论保险合同格式条款被认定无效的情形、原因及对策
37、我国保险营销现状及对策
38、我国财险保险发展现状及影响因素分析
39、农业互助保险制度的优势与创设构想
40、保险市场消费行为心理因素分析
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论文的提纲，是 保险 论文行为与课题研究“提纲挈领”的任务所在。下文是我为大家整理的关于保险论文提纲的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!.
论文题目：........
1. 绪论
1.1研究背景—以互联网为代表的新技术，特别是移动支付、社交网络、搜索引擎和云计算
1.2研究意义
1.3研究目的
1.4国内外研究综述
1.5本文的经济学理论
1.5.1货币经济学
1.5.2金融经济学
1.6本文的创新与研究 方法
1.6.1创新
1.6.2研究方法
案例分析法、文献研究法、比较研究法。
2. 保险基本原理和目前趋势
2.1主要寿险产品分类
2.2主要财险产品分类
2.3寿险主要销售 渠道
2.4财险主要销售渠道
2.5目前保险公司正积极探索新渠道
2.6 总结
3. 互联网保险概述
3.1互联网保险的概念
3.2互联网保险的分类
3.2.1传统网络
3.2.2手机微信
3.3互联网保险的特点及优缺点
3.3.1特点
3.3.2优缺点
3.4互联网保险的发展历程
3.5互联网保险在我国的发展状况
3.6互联网保险对保险业的贡献
3.7总结
4. 互联网保险的法律问题
4.1保险合同的书面形式问题
4.2电子签名的有效性问题
4.3客户隐私权保护问题
4.4总结
5. 互联网保险的营销问题研究
5.1我国互联网保险发展的有利因素
5.1.1政策因素
5.1.2网络因素
5.1.3成本因素
4.1.4法规因素
5.1.5市场因素
5.2我国互联网保险营销问题
5.2.1网络安全性问题
5.2.2信息建设问题
5.2.3互联网保险产品条款专业性问题
5.2.4互联网保险产品创新问题
5.2.5互联网推广问题
5.3互联网保险营销问题的策略
5.3.1加快实施互联网保险营销安全交易环境的建设
5.3.2加快信息基础设施建设和关键技术研究
5.3.3保险互联网营销保险产品条款通俗化处理
5.3.4开发和推广适合互联网销售产品，加大新产品的开发
5.3.5提高保险产品创新能力
5.3.6加强互联网推广方式—社会化媒体的微营销时代
5.4总结
6. 互联网保险的监管问题研究
6.1互联网保险监管的内涵
6.2公共利益与互联网保险监管
6.2.1保险监管的基础理论
6.2.2公共利益论与保险监管
6.2.3对于互联网保险监管的重要意义
6.3我国互联网保险监管的现状
6.4我国互联网保险监管问题
6.4.1法律法规滞后
6.4.2组织管理不健全
6.4.3监管方式有待改进
6.4.4监管人才缺乏
6.5发达国家或地区互联网保险监管的借鉴
6.6完善我国互联网保险监管的建议
6.6.1明确监管原则和监管目标
6.6.2调整监管主体和监管范围
6.6.3改革监管内容和监管方式
6.7总结
7. 国内外互联网保险的例子：INSWEB和大童网、众安在线
7.1国外互联网保险的案例--INSWEB
7.1.1经营模式
7.1.2网站特色
7.1.3为投保人带来的好处
7.1.4为保险公司带来的好处
7.1.5最终被收购
7.1.6互联网保险规模较小的本质原因
7.2国内互联网保险案例
7.2.1类型
(1)大童网
(2)保险公司门户网站
(3)众安在线财险
7.2.2国内互联网保险的未来走向
(1)综合类金融平台：平安陆金所
(2)未来可能形成两类互联网保险的大趋势
7.3总结
8. 结论
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Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a potential loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium and duty of care. there are a few principles of insurance, which are considered as the uncertain losses, the predictable rate and distribution of losses,the sinificant of loss and the loss must be catastrophic. A property or liability insurance policy is a "personal contract," a "conditional contract," a "unilateral contract," a "contract of adhesion," a "contract of indemnity," and a contract which requires that the person insured have an insurable interest at the time of the insured-against contingency. Further: An Insurance Contract is one of Uberrima fides. This is a Latin phrase meaning "utmost good faith" (or translated literally, "most abundant faith"). It is the name of a legal doctrine which governs insurance contracts. This means that all parties to an insurance contract must deal in good faith, making a full declaration of all material facts in the insurance proposal. This contrasts with the legal doctrine of caveat emptor (let the buyer beware). An entity seeking to transfer risk (an individual, corporation, or association of any type) becomes the 'insured' party once risk is assumed by an 'insurer', the insuring party, by means of a contract, defined as an insurance 'policy'. This legal contract sets out terms and conditions specifying the amount of coverage (compensation) to be rendered to the insured, by the insurer upon assumption of risk, in the event of a loss, and all the specific perils covered against (indemnified), for the term of the contract. When insured parties experience a loss for a specified peril, the coverage entitles the policyholder to make a 'claim' against the insurer for the amount of loss as specified by the policy contract. The fee paid by the insured to the insurer for assuming the risk is called the 'premium'. Insurance premiums from many clients are used to fund accounts set aside for later payment of claims—in theory for a relatively few claimants—and for overhead costs. So long as an insurer maintains adequate funds set aside for anticipated losses, the remaining margin becomes their profit. Insurers make money in two ways. Through underwriting, the process through which insurers select what risks to insure and decide how much premium to charge for accepting those risks and by investing the premiums they have collected from insureds Some people consider insurance a type of wager (particularly as associated with moral hazard) that executes over the policy period. The insurance company bets that you or your property will not suffer a loss while you put money on the opposite outcome. The difference in the fees paid to the insurance company versus the amount for which they can be held liable if an accident happens is roughly analogous to the odds one might expect when betting on a racehorse (for example, 10 to 1). For this reason, a number of religious groups, including the Amish and some Muslim groups, avoid insurance and instead depend on support provided by their communities when disasters strike. This can be thought of as "social insurance," as the risk of any given person is assumed collectively by the community who will all bear the cost of rebuilding. In closed, supportive communities where others can be trusted to step in to rebuild lost property, this arrangement can work. Any risk that can be quantified probably has a type of insurance to protect it. Among the different types of insurance are: Automobile insurance, also known as auto insurance, car insurance and in the UK as motor insurance, is probably the most common form of insurance and may cover both legal liability claims against the driver and loss of or damage to the vehicle itself. Over most of the United States purchasing an auto insurance policy is required to legally operate a motor vehicle on public roads. Recommendations for which policy limits should be used are specified in a number of books. In some jurisdictions, bodily injury compensation for automobile accident victims has been changed to No Fault systems, which reduce or eliminate the ability to sue for compensation but provide automatic eligibility for benefits. Boiler insurance (also known as Boiler and Machinery insurance or Equipment Breakdown Insurance) Casualty insurance insures against accidents, not necessarily tied to any specific property. Credit insurance pays some or all of a loan back when certain things happen to the borrower such as unemployment, disability, or death. Financial loss insurance protects individuals and companies against various financial risks. For example, a business might purchase cover to protect it from loss of sales if a fire in a factory prevented it from carrying out its business for a time. Insurance might also cover failure of a creditor to pay money it owes to the insured. Fidelity bonds and surety bonds are included in this category. Health insurance covers medical bills incurred because of sickness or accidents. Liability insurance covers legal claims against the insured. For example, a homeowner's insurance policy provides the insured with protection in the event of a claim brought by someone who slips and falls on the property, and brings a lawsuit for her injuries. Similarly, a doctor may purchase liability insurance to cover any legal claims against him if his negligence (carelessness) in treating a patient caused the patient injury and/or monetary harm. The protection offered by a liability insurance policy is two-fold: a legal defense in the event of a lawsuit commenced against the policyholder, plus indemnification (payment on behalf of the insured) with respect to a settlement or court verdict. Life insurance provides a cash benefit to a decedent's family or other designated beneficiary, and may specifically provide for burial, funeral and other final expenses. Annuities provide a stream of payments and are generally classified as insurance because they are issued by insurance companies and regulated as insurance. Annuities and pensions that pay a benefit for life are sometimes regarded as insurance against the possibility that a retiree will outlive his or her financial resources. In that sense, they are the complement of life insurance. Total permanent disability insurance insurance provides benefits when a person is permanently disabled and can no longer work in their profession, often taken as an adjunct to life insurance. Locked Funds Insurance is a little known hybrid insurance policy jointly issued by governments and banks. It is used to protect public funds from tamper by unauthorised parties. In special cases, a government may authorise its use in protecting semi-private funds which are liable to tamper. Terms of this type of insurance are usually very strict. As such it is only used in extreme cases where maximum security of funds is required. Marine Insurance covers the loss or damage of goods at sea. Marine insurance typically compensates the owner of merchandise for losses sustained from fire, shipwreck, etc., but excludes losses that can be recovered from the carrier. Nuclear incident insurance — damages resulting from an incident involving radioactivive materials is generally arranged at the national level. (For the United States, see Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act.) Environmental Liability Insurance protects the insured from bodily injury, property damage and cleanup costs as a result of the dispersal, release or escape of a pollutant. Political risk insurance can be taken out by businesses with operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss. Professional Indemnity Insurance is normally a mandatory requirement for professional practitioners such as Architects, Lawyers, Doctors and Accountants to provide insurance cover against potential negligence claims. Non licensed professionals may also purchase malpractice insurance, it is commonly called Errors and Omissions Insurance and covers a service provider for claims made against them that arise out of the performance of specified professional services. For instance, a web site designer can obtain E&O insurance to cover them for certain claims made by third parties that arise out of negligent performance of web site development services. Property insurance provides protection against risks to property, such as fire, theft or weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, inland marine insurance or boiler insurance. Terrorism insurance Title insurance provides a guarantee that title to real property is vested in the purchaser and/or mortgagee, free and clear of liens or encumbrances. It is usually issued in conjunction with a search of the public records done at the time of a real estate transaction. Travel insurance is an insurance cover taken by those who travel abroad, which covers certain losses such as medical expenses, lost of personal belongings, travel delay, personal liabilities.. etc. Workers' compensation insurance replaces all or part of a worker's wages lost and accompanying medical expense incurred due to a job-related injury. A single policy may cover risks in one or more of the above categories. For example, car insurance would typically cover both property risk (covering the risk of theft or damage to the car) and liability risk (covering legal claims from say, causing an accident). A homeowner's insurance policy in the U.S. typically includes property insurance covering damage to the home and the owner's belongings, liability insurance covering certain legal claims against the owner, and even a small amount of health insurance for medical expenses of guests who are injured on the owner's property. Potential sources of risk that may give rise to claims are known as "perils". Examples of perils might be fire, theft, earthquake, hurricane and many other potential risks. An insurance policy will set out in details which perils are covered by the policy and which are not. Insurance companies may be classified as Life insurance companies, who sell life insurance, annuities and pensions products. Non-life or general insurance companies, who sell other types of insurance. In most countries, life and non-life insurers are subject to different regulations, tax and accounting rules. The main reason for the distinction between the two types of company is that life business is very long term in nature — coverage for life assurance or a pension can cover risks over many decades. By contrast, non-life insurance cover usually covers a shorter period, such as one year.
研究中小企业融资要参考的英文文献英文图书和期刊类文献：[1]Allen N.Berger,Gregory F.Udell,“Relationship Lending and Lines of Credit inSmall FirmFinance,”Journal of Business,Vol.68,no.3.(1995),pp.351-381．[2]Aghion,P.,Incomplete contracts approach to financial contracting,Review ofEconomics Studies,1992,Vol.59,p473-494．[3]Albertode，M.&JulioPindado.Determinants of capital structure:new evidencefrom Spanish Panel data[J].Journal of Corporate Finance，2001，(7):77-99．[4]A.N.Berger，N.H.Miller，M.A.Petersen，R.G.Rajan，J.C.Stein，2001，“DoesFunction Follow Organizational Form?Evidence from the Lending Practices ofLarge and Small Banks”,Board of Governors of Federal Reserve SystemWorking Paper．[5]Azam,J.P.,B.Biais,M.Dia and C.Mauriel.Informal and Formal Credit Marketsand Credit Rationing in Cote D’Ivoire,Oxford Review of Economic Policy,2001,17(4),520-532.[6]Bernanke,B.S.,M.Gerler.Inside the Black Box:The Credit Channel ofMonetary Policy Transmission[J].Journal of EconomicPerspectives,1995,(9);27-48．[7]Barbosa,E.&Moraes,C.,Determinants of the Firm’s Capital Structure:theCase of the Very Small Enterprises,Working Paper from Econpapers，2003,366-358。[8]Barton，S.L.&Gordon，P.J.Corporate strategy and capital structure[J].Strategic Management Journal，1988，9:623-632．[9]Baxter，N.D.&Cragg，J.G.Corporate choice among long-term financinginstruments[J].Review of Economics and Statistics，1970，(52):225-235．[10]Berger,A.N.,Udell,G.F.,RelationshipLending andLinesof Credit in SmallFirm Finance[J],Journal ofBusiness,1995,68,351—382．[11]Berger,A.N.,Udell,and G.F.The Economics of Small Business Finance:The Roles of Private Equity and Debts Markets in the Financial GrowthCycle[J].Journal of Banking and Finance,1998,22(6):613-673．137[12]Berger and Udell,Small Business Credit Availability and RelationshipLending:The Importance of Bank Organizational Structure[J],EconomicJournal,2002,112(447)L:32-53.[13]Booth，Laurence，Varouj Aivazian，Asli Demirguckunt&Vojislav Maksimovie.Capital structures in developing countries[J].Journal of Finance，2001，(56):87-130．[14]Bradley，M.，Jarrell，G.A.，&Kim，E.H.On the existence of an optimal capitalstructure:theory and evidence[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):857-880.[15]Brander，J.A.&Lewis，T.R.Oligopoly and financial structure:the limitedliability effect[J].American Economic Review，1986，(76):956-970．[16]Chang Chun.Capital structure as optimal contract[J].North American Journalof Economics and Finance，1999，(10):363-385．[17]Cole,R·A·,Goldberg,L·G·&White,L·J·Cookie-cutter versus character:Themicro structure of small business lending by large and small banks[J]·Journalof Financial and Quantitative Analysis,2004,39,pp227-251.[18]Collins，J.M.&Sekely，W.S.The relationship of headquarters country andindustry classification to financial structure[J].Financial Management，1983，(3):45-51．[19]David F.Scott,John D.Martin.Industry Influence on Financial Structure[J].Financila Management,Spring,1975,67-73．[20]DeAngelo，H.&Masulis，R.Optimal capital structure in corporate and PersonalTaxation.Journal of Financial Economics，1980，(8):3-29．[21]Durand,David,1952,Cost of Debt and Equity Funds for Business:Trends andProblems of Measurement,Conference on Research in Business Finance,National Bureau of Economic Research,New York,p215-247．[22]Eli Schwartz and J Richard Aronson.1967.Some Surrogate Evidence inSupport of the Concept of Optimal Financial Structure[J].Journal of Finance.22(1):10-18．[23]Enunza，VR.Determinants of financial structure in the central Americancommon market[J].Financial Management，1979，(3):72-77．[24]Fama，E.&Jensen，M.C.Ageney Problem and residual claims.Journal of Lawand Economics，1983，(26):327-349．[25]Frank M.Z.,GoyalV.K.Testing the Pecking Order Theory of Capital Structure.138Journal of Financial Economics,67:217-248,2003.[26]Gilson，S.Tansaction cost and capital structure choice:evidences fromfinancially distressed firms[J].Journal of finance,1997，(52):161-195．[27]Grossman，S.&Hart，O.Corporate financial structure and managerial inincentives[J].In McCall,J.Ed.The economic of information uncertainty[M].Chicago:University of Chicago Press，1982:107-137．[28]Hall，G.,Hutchinson，P.&Michaelas，N.Industry effects on the determinantsof unquoted SMEs’capital structure[J].International Journal of the Economicsof Business，2000，(7):297-312．[29]Harris，M.&Raviv，A.The theory of capital structure[J].Journal of Finance，1991，(46):297-355．[30]Jensen，M.&Meckling，W.Theory of the firm:managerial behavior，agencycost and capital structure[J].Journal of Financial Economics，1976，3(l):305-360．[31]Jordan，J.，Lowe，J.&Taylor，P.Strategy and financial policy in UK small firms[J].Journal of Business Finance and Accounting，1998，(25):1-27．[32]Jose Lopez-Gracia&Cristina Aybar-Arias.An empirical approach to thefinancial behavior of small and medium sized companies[J].Small BusinessEconomics，2000，14(l):55-63．[33]Kane，A.，Marcus，A.J.&McDonald，R.L.How big is the tax advantage todebt[J].Journal of Finance，1984，(39):841-853．[34]Kester C W.Capital and ownership structure:A comparison of United Statesand Japanese manufacturing corporations[J].FinancialManagement,1986(15):5-16.[35]Kim W S,Sorensen E H.Evidence on the impact of the agency costs of debt incorporate debt policy[J].Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis,1986,21:131-144.[36]Lee Remmers.Industry and Size as Debt Ratio Determinants in ManufacturingInternationally[J].Financial Management,summer.，2002(5),67-78．[37]Long，M.&Maltiz，L.The investment-financing nexus:some empiricalevidence[J].Midland Corporate Finance Journal，1985，(3):53-59．[38]Marsh，P.The choice between equity and debt:an empirical study[J].Journal ofFinance，1982，(37):121-144．139[39]Mcmillan,J.,Woodruff,C.Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit inVietnam[J].Quaterly Journal of Economics,1999,114(4):1285-1320．[40]Mian,S.,and C.W...Smith.Accounts Receivable Management Policy:Theoryand Evidence,Journal of Finance,1992,47:169-200.[41]Ming fang Li&Roy L.S.Environmental dynamism，capital structure andinnovation:an empirical test[J].The International Journal of OrganizationalAnalysis，2002，(10):169-179．[42]Modigliani，F.&Miller，M.H.The cost of capital，corporation finance and thetheory of investment[J].American Economic Review，1958(58),261-297．[43]Mreton H.Miller.Debt&Taxes.The Journal of Finance,Vol.XXXII,No.2,May 1977,pp.261~275．[44]Myers，S.C.，Determinants of corporate borrowing[J]．Journal of FinancialEconomics5,1977，146-75．[45]Myers，S.The capital structure puzzle[J].Journal of Finance，1984，39(3):575-592.．[46]Myers，S.&Majlu，N.Corporate financing and investment decisions whenfirms have information that investors do not have[J].Journal of FinancialEconomics，1984，13(l):187-221．[47]Ng,Chee k.,J.K.Smith,R.I.Smith.Evidence on the Determinants of CreditTerms Used in Interfirm Trade[J].Journal of Finance,1999,(54);1109-1129．[48]Petersen,M.A.and R.G.Rajan.The Benefits of Lending Relationships:Evidence from Small Business Data,the Journal of Finance,1994,XLIX,3-37.[49]Petersen,M.A.and R.G.Rajan.Trade Credit:Theories and Evidence,theReview of Financial Studies,1997,Vol.10.No 3,661-691.[50]Piero Sraffa.The Works and Correspondence ofDavid Ricardo:Volume 1[M].Cambridge:AtThe University Press,1951．[51]Rajan，R.G.&Zingales，L.What do we known about capital structure?Someevidence from international data[J].Journal of Finance，1995，(l):1421-1461．[52]RobertM Bowen,et al,1982,Evidence on The Existence and Determinants ofInter-Industry Differences in Leverage[J].Financial Management.Winter:10-20.[53]Ross.The determination of financial structure:The incentive signalingapproach,Bell Journal of Economics,1977,Vol.8,p23-40．[54]Saring,Oded H...Bargaining with a Corporation and the Capital Structure ofBargaining Firm[J].Journal of Financial Economics,1984,(17).[55]Scott，J.H.Bankruptcy，secured debt and optimal capital structure[J].Journalof Finance，1977，(32):1-19.[56]Smith,C.W.,andR.L.Watts,The 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网络保险 Internet Insurance Network insuranceNet Insurance保险学 Insurance http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=uO8F501cxuoC&pg=PA350&lpg=PA350&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=2KPcc5u3X0&sig=bRLwUXiMe3TPmu-8v1DrVW5G9vg&hl=enhttp://books.google.com.sg/books?id=LsbY6WPo41oC&pg=PT323&lpg=PT323&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=gVkdB3wlNS&sig=pQXWstUk4boO4TcpHZOh4bKJyzY&hl=enhttp://books.google.com.sg/books?id=xP5d0OcQDScC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=dFsvdx1W4f&sig=6tPP8qP_A04ViEF7nN2fP7jtc04&hl=enInsurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. An insurer is a company selling the insurance. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.Principles of insuranceA large number of homogeneous exposure units. The vast majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of very large classes. Automobile insurance, for example, covered about 175 million automobiles in the United States in 2004.[2] The existence of a large number of homogeneous exposure units allows insurers to benefit from the so-called “law of large numbers,” which in effect states that as the number of exposure units increases, the actual results are increasingly likely to become close to expected results. There are exceptions to this criterion. Lloyd's of London is famous for insuring the life or health of actors, actresses and sports figures. Satellite Launch insurance covers events that are infrequent. Large commercial property policies may insure exceptional properties for which there are no ‘homogeneous’ exposure units. Despite failing on this criterion, many exposures like these are generally considered to be insurable. Definite Loss. The event that gives rise to the loss that is subject to insurance should, at least in principle, take place at a known time, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements. Accidental Loss. The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be ‘pure,’ in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks, are generally not considered insurable. Large Loss. The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is little point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer. Affordable Premium. If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that anyone will buy insurance, even if on offer. Further, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards, the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance. (See the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board standard number 113) Calculable Loss. There are two elements that must be at least estimable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a copy of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim. Limited risk of catastrophically large losses. The essential risk is often aggregation. If the same event can cause losses to numerous policyholders of the same insurer, the ability of that insurer to issue policies becomes constrained, not by factors surrounding the individual characteristics of a given policyholder, but by the factors surrounding the sum of all policyholders so exposed. Typically, insurers prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base, on the order of 5 percent. Where the loss can be aggregated, or an individual policy could produce exceptionally large claims, the capital constraint will restrict an insurers appetite for additional policyholders. The classic example is earthquake insurance, where the ability of an underwriter to issue a new policy depends on the number and size of the policies that it has already underwritten. Wind insurance in hurricane zones, particularly along coast lines, is another example of this phenomenon. In extreme cases, the aggregation can affect the entire industry, since the combined capital of insurers and reinsurers can be small compared to the needs of potential policyholders in areas exposed to aggregation risk. In commercial fire insurance it is possible to find single properties whose total exposed value is well in excess of any individual insurer’s capital constraint. Such properties are generally shared among several insurers, or are insured by a single insurer who syndicates the risk into the reinsurance market. [edit] IndemnificationMain article: IndemnityThe technical definition of "indemnity" means to make whole again. There are two types of insurance contracts; 1) an "indemnity" policy and 2) a "pay on behalf" or "on behalf of"[3] policy. The difference is significant on paper, but rarely material in practice.An "indemnity" policy will never pay claims until the insured has paid out of pocket to some third party; i.e. a visitor to your home slips on a floor that you left wet and sues you for $10,000 and wins. Under an "indemnity" policy the homeowner would have to come up with the $10,000 to pay for the visitors fall and then would be "indemnified" by the insurance carrier for the out of pocket costs (the $10,000)[4].Under the same situation, a "pay on behalf" policy, the insurance carrier would pay the claim and the insured (the homeowner) would not be out of pocket for anything. Most modern liability insurance is written on the basis of "pay on behalf" language[5].An entity seeking to transfer risk (an individual, corporation, or association of any type, etc.) becomes the 'insured' party once risk is assumed by an 'insurer', the insuring party, by means of a contract, called an insurance 'policy'. Generally, an insurance contract includes, at a minimum, the following elements: the parties (the insurer, the insured, the beneficiaries), the premium, the period of coverage, the particular loss event covered, the amount of coverage (i.e., the amount to be paid to the insured or beneficiary in the event of a loss), and exclusions (events not covered). An insured is thus said to be "indemnified" against the loss events covered in the policy.When insured parties experience a loss for a specified peril, the coverage entitles the policyholder to make a 'claim' against the insurer for the covered amount of loss as specified by the policy. The fee paid by the insured to the insurer for assuming the risk is called the 'premium'. Insurance premiums from many insureds are used to fund accounts reserved for later payment of claims—in theory for a relatively few claimants—and for overhead costs. So long as an insurer maintains adequate funds set aside for anticipated losses (i.e., reserves), the remaining margin is an insurer's profit.[edit] Insurer’s business modelProfit = earned premium + investment income - incurred loss - underwriting expenses.Insurers make money in two ways: (1) through underwriting, the process by which insurers select the risks to insure and decide how much in premiums to charge for accepting those risks and (2) by investing the premiums they collect from insureds.The most difficult aspect of the insurance business is the underwriting of policies. Using a wide assortment of data, insurers predict the likelihood that a claim will be made against their policies and price products accordingly. To this end, insurers use actuarial science to quantify the risks they are willing to assume and the premium they will charge to assume them. Data is analyzed to fairly accurately project the rate of future claims based on a given risk. Actuarial science uses statistics and probability to analyze the risks associated with the range of perils covered, and these scientific principles are used to determine an insurer's overall exposure. Upon termination of a given policy, the amount of premium collected and the investment gains thereon minus the amount paid out in claims is the insurer's underwriting profit on that policy. Of course, from the insurer's perspective, some policies are winners (i.e., the insurer pays out less in claims and expenses than it receives in premiums and investment income) and some are losers (i.e., the insurer pays out more in claims and expenses than it receives in premiums and investment income).An insurer's underwriting performance is measured in its combined ratio. The loss ratio (incurred losses and loss-adjustment expenses divided by net earned premium) is added to the expense ratio (underwriting expenses divided by net premium written) to determine the company's combined ratio. The combined ratio is a reflection of the company's overall underwriting profitability. A combined ratio of less than 100 percent indicates underwriting profitability, while anything over 100 indicates an underwriting loss.Insurance companies also earn investment profits on “float”. “Float” or available reserve is the amount of money, at hand at any given moment, that an insurer has collected in insurance premiums but has not been paid out in claims. Insurers start investing insurance premiums as soon as they are collected and continue to earn interest on them until claims are paid out.In the United States, the underwriting loss of property and casualty insurance companies was $142.3 billion in the five years ending 2003. But overall profit for the same period was $68.4 billion, as the result of float. Some insurance industry insiders, most notably Hank Greenberg, do not believe that it is forever possible to sustain a profit from float without an underwriting profit as well, but this opinion is not universally held. Naturally, the “float” method is difficult to carry out in an economically depressed period. Bear markets do cause insurers to shift away from investments and to toughen up their underwriting standards. So a poor economy generally means high insurance premiums. This tendency to swing between profitable and unprofitable periods over time is commonly known as the "underwriting" or insurance cycle. [6]Property and casualty insurers currently make the most money from their auto insurance line of business. Generally better statistics are available on auto losses and underwriting on this line of business has benefited greatly from advances in computing. Additionally, property losses in the US, due to natural catastrophes, have exacerbated this trend.Finally, claims and loss handling is the materialized utility of insurance. In managing the claims-handling function, insurers seek to balance the elements of customer satisfaction, administrative handling expenses, and claims overpayment leakages. As part of this balancing act, fraudulent insurance practices are a major business risk that must be managed and overcome.Types of insuranceAny risk that can be quantified can potentially be insured. Specific kinds of risk that may give rise to claims are known as "perils". An insurance policy will set out in detail which perils are covered by the policy and which are not. Below are (non-exhaustive) lists of the many different types of insurance that exist. A single policy may cover risks in one or more of the categories set forth below. For example, auto insurance would typically cover both property risk (covering the risk of theft or damage to the car) and liability risk (covering legal claims from causing an accident). A homeowner's insurance policy in the U.S. typically includes property insurance covering damage to the home and the owner's belongings, liability insurance covering certain legal claims against the owner, and even a small amount of health insurance for medical expenses of guests who are injured on the owner's property.Business insurance can be any kind of insurance that protects businesses against risks. Some principal subtypes of business insurance are (a) the various kinds of professional liability insurance, also called professional indemnity insurance, which are discussed below under that name; and (b) the business owners policy (BOP), which bundles into one policy many of the kinds of coverage that a business owner needs, in a way analogous to how homeowners insurance bundles the coverages that a homeowner needs.[7]HealthHealth insurance policies will often cover the cost of private medical treatments if the National Health Service in the United Kingdom (NHS) or other publicly-funded health programs do not pay for them. It will often result in quicker health care where better facilities are available. Dental insurance, like medical insurance, is coverage for individuals to protect them against dental costs. In the U.S., dental insurance is often part of an employer's benefits package, along with health insurance. Most countries rely on public funding to ensure that all citizens have universal access to health care.[edit] DisabilityDisability insurance policies provide financial support in the event the policyholder is unable to work because of disabling illness or injury. It provides monthly support to help pay such obligations as mortgages and credit cards. Total permanent disability insurance insurance provides benefits when a person is permanently disabled and can no longer work in their profession, often taken as an adjunct to life insurance. Disability overhead insurance allows business owners to cover the overhead expenses of their business while they are unable to work. Workers' compensation insurance replaces all or part of a worker's wages lost and accompanying medical expense incurred because of a job-related injury. CasualtyCasualty insurance insures against accidents, not necessarily tied to any specific property.Crime insurance is a form of casualty insurance that covers the policyholder against losses arising from the criminal acts of third parties. For example, a company can obtain crime insurance to cover losses arising from theft or embezzlement. Political risk insurance is a form of casualty insurance that can be taken out by businesses with operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss. [edit] Life insuranceMain article: Life insuranceLife insurance provides a monetary benefit to a decedent's family or other designated beneficiary, and may specifically provide for income to an insured person's family, burial, funeral and other final expenses. Life insurance policies often allow the option of having the proceeds paid to the beneficiary either in a lump sum cash payment or an annuity.Annuities provide a stream of payments and are generally classified as insurance because they are issued by insurance companies and regulated as insurance and require the same kinds of actuarial and investment management expertise that life insurance requires. Annuities and pensions that pay a benefit for life are sometimes regarded as insurance against the possibility that a retiree will outlive his or her financial resources. In that sense, they are the complement of life insurance and, from an underwriting perspective, are the mirror image of life insurance.Certain life insurance contracts accumulate cash values, which may be taken by the insured if the policy is surrendered or which may be borrowed against. Some policies, such as annuities and endowment policies, are financial instruments to accumulate or liquidate wealth when it is needed.In many countries, such as the U.S. and the UK, the tax law provides that the interest on this cash value is not taxable under certain circumstances. This leads to widespread use of life insurance as a tax-efficient method of saving as well as protection in the event of early death.In U.S., the tax on interest income on life insurance policies and annuities is generally deferred. However, in some cases the benefit derived from tax deferral may be offset by a low return. This depends upon the insuring company, the type of policy and other variables (mortality, market return, etc.). Moreover, other income tax saving vehicles (e.g., IRAs, 401(k) plans, Roth IRAs) may be better alternatives for value accumulation. A combination of low-cost term life insurance and a higher-return tax-efficient retirement account may achieve better investment return.PropertyProperty insurance provides protection against risks to property, such as fire, theft or weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, inland marine insurance or boiler insurance.字数超限了。。。
你文献综述具体准备往哪个方向写，题目老师同意了没，具体有要求要求，需要多少字呢？你可以告诉我具体的排版格式要求，文献综述想写好，先要在图书馆找好相关资料，确定好题目与写作方向。老师同意后在下笔，还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利。 如何做文献综述首先需要将“文献综述（ Literature Review) ”与“背景描述 (Background Description) ”区分开来。我们在选择研究问题的时候，需要了解该问题产生的背景和来龙去脉，如“中国半导体产业的发展历程”、“国外政府发展半导体产业的政策和问题”等等，这些内容属于“背景描述”，关注的是现实层面的问题，严格讲不是“文献综述”。“文献综述”是对学术观点和理论方法的整理。其次，文献综述是评论性的（ Review 就是“评论”的意思），因此要带着作者本人批判的眼光 (critical thinking) 来归纳和评论文献，而不仅仅是相关领域学术研究的“堆砌”。评论的主线，要按照问题展开，也就是说，别的学者是如何看待和解决你提出的问题的，他们的方法和理论是否有什么缺陷？要是别的学者已经很完美地解决了你提出的问题，那就没有重复研究的必要了。清楚了文献综述的意涵，现在说说怎么做文献综述。虽说，尽可能广泛地收集资料是负责任的研究态度，但如果缺乏标准，就极易将人引入文献的泥沼。技巧一：瞄准主流。主流文献，如该领域的核心期刊、经典著作、专职部门的研究报告、重要化合物的观点和论述等，是做文献综述的“必修课”。而多数大众媒体上的相关报道或言论，虽然多少有点价值，但时间精力所限，可以从简。怎样摸清该领域的主流呢？建议从以下几条途径入手：一是图书馆的中外学术期刊，找到一两篇“经典”的文章后“顺藤摸瓜”，留意它们的参考文献。质量较高的学术文章，通常是不会忽略该领域的主流、经典文献的。二是利用学校图书馆的“中国期刊网”、“外文期刊数据库检索”和外文过刊阅览室，能够查到一些较为早期的经典文献。三是国家图书馆，有些上世纪七八十年代甚至更早出版的社科图书，学校图书馆往往没有收藏，但是国图却是一本不少（国内出版的所有图书都要送缴国家图书馆），不仅如此，国图还收藏了很多研究中国政治和政府的外文书籍，从互联网上可以轻松查询到。技巧二：随时整理，如对文献进行分类，记录文献信息和藏书地点。做博士论文的时间很长，有的文献看过了当时不一定有用，事后想起来却找不着了，所以有时记录是很有必要的。罗仆人就积累有一份研究中国政策过程的书单，还特别记录了图书分类号码和藏书地点。同时，对于特别重要的文献，不妨做一个读书笔记，摘录其中的重要观点和论述。这样一步一个脚印，到真正开始写论文时就积累了大量“干货”，可以随时享用。技巧三：要按照问题来组织文献综述。看过一些文献以后，我们有很强烈的愿望要把自己看到的东西都陈述出来，像“竹筒倒豆子”一样，洋洋洒洒，蔚为壮观。仿佛一定要向读者证明自己劳苦功高。我写过十多万字的文献综述，后来发觉真正有意义的不过数千字。文献综述就像是在文献的丛林中开辟道路，这条道路本来就是要指向我们所要解决的问题，当然是直线距离最短、最省事，但是一路上风景颇多，迷恋风景的人便往往绕行于迤逦的丛林中，反面“乱花渐欲迷人眼”，“曲径通幽”不知所终了。因此，在做文献综述时，头脑时刻要清醒：我要解决什么问题，人家是怎么解决问题的，说的有没有道理，就行了。你的午间新闻方面方面文献综述具体准备往哪个方向写，题目老师同意了没，具体有要求要求，需要多少字呢？你可以告诉我具体的排版格式要求，文献综述想写好，先要在图书馆找好相关资料，确定好题目与写作方向。老师同意后在下笔，还有什么不了解的可以直接问我，希望可以帮到你，祝写作过程顺利。三、如何撰写开题报告问题清楚了，文献综述也做过了，开题报告便呼之欲出。事实也是如此，一个清晰的问题，往往已经隐含着论文的基本结论；对现有文献的缺点的评论，也基本暗含着改进的方向。开题报告就是要把这些暗含的结论、论证结论的逻辑推理，清楚地展现出来。写开题报告的目的，是要请老师和专家帮我们判断一下：这个问题有没有研究价值、这个研究方法有没有可能奏效、这个论证逻辑有没有明显缺陷。因此，开题报告的主要内容，就要按照“研究目的和意义”、“文献综述和理论空间”、“基本论点和研究方法”、“资料收集方法和工作步骤”这样几个方面展开。其中，“基本论点和研究方法”是重点，许多人往往花费大量笔墨铺陈文献综述，但一谈到自己的研究方法时但寥寥数语、一掠而过。这样的话，评审老师怎么能判断出你的研究前景呢？又怎么能对你的研究方法给予切实的指导和建议呢？对于不同的选题，研究方法有很大的差异。一个严谨规范的学术研究，必须以严谨规范的方法为支撑。在博士生课程的日常教学中，有些老师致力于传授研究方法；有的则突出讨论方法论的问题。这都有利于我们每一个人提高自己对研究方法的认识、理解、选择与应用，并具体实施于自己的论文工作中。一、文献综述概述文献综述是研究者在其提前阅读过某一主题的文献后，经过理解、整理、融会贯通，综合分析和评价而组成的一种不同于研究论文的文体。综述的目的是反映某一课题的新水平、新动态、新技术和新发现。从其历史到现状，存在问题以及发展趋势等，都要进行全面的介绍和评论。在此基础上提出自己的见解，预测技术的发展趋势，为选题和开题奠定良好的基础。二、文献综述的格式文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，而文献综述介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，再根据提纲进行撰写工作。前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，提出自己的见解并对进一步的发展方向做出预测。三、文献综述规定1. 为了使选题报告有较充分的依据，要求硕士研究生在论文开题之前作文献综述。2. 在文献综述时，研究生应系统地查阅与自己的研究方向有关的国内外文献。通常阅读文献不少于30篇3. 在文献综述中，研究生应说明自己研究方向的发展历史，前人的主要研究成果，存在的问题及发展趋势等。4. 文献综述要条理清晰，文字通顺简练。5. 资料运用恰当、合理。文献引用用方括号"[ ]"括起来置于引用词的右上角。6. 文献综述中要有自己的观点和见解。鼓励研究生多发现问题、多提出问题、并指出分析、解决问题的可能途径。
保险论文英文参考文献
下面是我整理的保险论文英文参考文献，希望对大家有所帮助。
[1]Syed M.Ahsan， Ali A.G.Ali，and NJohn Kurian. Toward a Theory of Agricultural Insurance[J] .American Journal of Agricultural Economics，Vol. 64， No.3，Aug，1982
[2]Carl H.Nelson and Edna T.Loehman. Further Toward a Theory of Agricultural Insurance[ J] .American Journal of Agricultural Economics， Vol. 69’ No.3， Aug， 1987
[3] Barry K.Goodwin. An Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Multiple Peril Crop Insurance [J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 75，No. 2，May， 1993
[5] J.Lafrance，J.Shimshack and S.Wu. "Subsidized Crop Insurance and Extensive Margin"University of California，Berkeley，Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics and Policy，2
[6] Moschini G and Hennessy D.A. Uncertainty，Risk Aversion and Risk Management for Agricultural Producers [J] .American Journal of Agricultural Economics.21
[7] Barry K.Goodwin，Monte L.Vandeveer，and John L.Deal. An EmpiricalAnalysis of Acreage Effects of Participation In The Federal Crop Insurance Program[J].American Journal of Agricultural Economics. Vol. 86， No. 4，Nov， 24
[8] Keith H. Coble，Thomas O.Knight， Rulon D.Pope，and Jeffery R. Williams.An Expected-IndemnityApproach to the Measurement of Moral Hazard in Crop InsurancefJ] .American Journal of AgriculturalEconomics. Vol. 79，No. 1，Feb， 1997
论文国外文献综述怎么写内容如下：
外文综述是研究者在其提前阅读过某一主题的文献后，经过理解、整理、融会贯通，综合分析和评价而组成的一种不同于研究论文的文体。而外文综述则是用汉语以外的语言来完成综述的写作。
1、首先根据你的论文主题想出5个关键词，依次输入谷歌学术搜索引擎（或者其他学校资源论文库）
2、在电脑里准备两个参考文献文件夹，一 个文件名写useful （有用），另一个文件名写maybe useful（可能有用）。
3、接下来浏览搜索到的文献的标题，看到和自己研究方向相关的题目就点进去， -目十行扫视文献，其中最主要看Abstract , Introduction和Conclusion三部分，也就是头和尾。
4、把扫视后觉得和自己的论文主题相关度高的，保存放进useful文件夹，如果看完觉得emmm（这个语气词是我导师给我讲的时候的原话，哈哈哈这种感觉只可意会不可言传）大概就是觉得有那么点关系，但又不舍得pass的文献，就放进maybe useful文件夹。
网络保险 Internet Insurance Network insuranceNet Insurance保险学 Insurance http://books.google.com.sg/books?id=uO8F501cxuoC&pg=PA350&lpg=PA350&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=2KPcc5u3X0&sig=bRLwUXiMe3TPmu-8v1DrVW5G9vg&hl=enhttp://books.google.com.sg/books?id=LsbY6WPo41oC&pg=PT323&lpg=PT323&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=gVkdB3wlNS&sig=pQXWstUk4boO4TcpHZOh4bKJyzY&hl=enhttp://books.google.com.sg/books?id=xP5d0OcQDScC&pg=PA189&lpg=PA189&dq=Net+Insurance&source=web&ots=dFsvdx1W4f&sig=6tPP8qP_A04ViEF7nN2fP7jtc04&hl=enInsurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of a contingent loss. Insurance is defined as the equitable transfer of the risk of a loss, from one entity to another, in exchange for a premium. An insurer is a company selling the insurance. The insurance rate is a factor used to determine the amount, called the premium, to be charged for a certain amount of insurance coverage. Risk management, the practice of appraising and controlling risk, has evolved as a discrete field of study and practice.Principles of insuranceA large number of homogeneous exposure units. The vast majority of insurance policies are provided for individual members of very large classes. Automobile insurance, for example, covered about 175 million automobiles in the United States in 2004.[2] The existence of a large number of homogeneous exposure units allows insurers to benefit from the so-called “law of large numbers,” which in effect states that as the number of exposure units increases, the actual results are increasingly likely to become close to expected results. There are exceptions to this criterion. Lloyd's of London is famous for insuring the life or health of actors, actresses and sports figures. Satellite Launch insurance covers events that are infrequent. Large commercial property policies may insure exceptional properties for which there are no ‘homogeneous’ exposure units. Despite failing on this criterion, many exposures like these are generally considered to be insurable. Definite Loss. The event that gives rise to the loss that is subject to insurance should, at least in principle, take place at a known time, in a known place, and from a known cause. The classic example is death of an insured on a life insurance policy. Fire, automobile accidents, and worker injuries may all easily meet this criterion. Other types of losses may only be definite in theory. Occupational disease, for instance, may involve prolonged exposure to injurious conditions where no specific time, place or cause is identifiable. Ideally, the time, place and cause of a loss should be clear enough that a reasonable person, with sufficient information, could objectively verify all three elements. Accidental Loss. The event that constitutes the trigger of a claim should be fortuitous, or at least outside the control of the beneficiary of the insurance. The loss should be ‘pure,’ in the sense that it results from an event for which there is only the opportunity for cost. Events that contain speculative elements, such as ordinary business risks, are generally not considered insurable. Large Loss. The size of the loss must be meaningful from the perspective of the insured. Insurance premiums need to cover both the expected cost of losses, plus the cost of issuing and administering the policy, adjusting losses, and supplying the capital needed to reasonably assure that the insurer will be able to pay claims. For small losses these latter costs may be several times the size of the expected cost of losses. There is little point in paying such costs unless the protection offered has real value to a buyer. Affordable Premium. If the likelihood of an insured event is so high, or the cost of the event so large, that the resulting premium is large relative to the amount of protection offered, it is not likely that anyone will buy insurance, even if on offer. Further, as the accounting profession formally recognizes in financial accounting standards, the premium cannot be so large that there is not a reasonable chance of a significant loss to the insurer. If there is no such chance of loss, the transaction may have the form of insurance, but not the substance. (See the U.S. Financial Accounting Standards Board standard number 113) Calculable Loss. There are two elements that must be at least estimable, if not formally calculable: the probability of loss, and the attendant cost. Probability of loss is generally an empirical exercise, while cost has more to do with the ability of a reasonable person in possession of a copy of the insurance policy and a proof of loss associated with a claim presented under that policy to make a reasonably definite and objective evaluation of the amount of the loss recoverable as a result of the claim. Limited risk of catastrophically large losses. The essential risk is often aggregation. If the same event can cause losses to numerous policyholders of the same insurer, the ability of that insurer to issue policies becomes constrained, not by factors surrounding the individual characteristics of a given policyholder, but by the factors surrounding the sum of all policyholders so exposed. Typically, insurers prefer to limit their exposure to a loss from a single event to some small portion of their capital base, on the order of 5 percent. Where the loss can be aggregated, or an individual policy could produce exceptionally large claims, the capital constraint will restrict an insurers appetite for additional policyholders. The classic example is earthquake insurance, where the ability of an underwriter to issue a new policy depends on the number and size of the policies that it has already underwritten. Wind insurance in hurricane zones, particularly along coast lines, is another example of this phenomenon. In extreme cases, the aggregation can affect the entire industry, since the combined capital of insurers and reinsurers can be small compared to the needs of potential policyholders in areas exposed to aggregation risk. In commercial fire insurance it is possible to find single properties whose total exposed value is well in excess of any individual insurer’s capital constraint. Such properties are generally shared among several insurers, or are insured by a single insurer who syndicates the risk into the reinsurance market. [edit] IndemnificationMain article: IndemnityThe technical definition of "indemnity" means to make whole again. There are two types of insurance contracts; 1) an "indemnity" policy and 2) a "pay on behalf" or "on behalf of"[3] policy. The difference is significant on paper, but rarely material in practice.An "indemnity" policy will never pay claims until the insured has paid out of pocket to some third party; i.e. a visitor to your home slips on a floor that you left wet and sues you for $10,000 and wins. Under an "indemnity" policy the homeowner would have to come up with the $10,000 to pay for the visitors fall and then would be "indemnified" by the insurance carrier for the out of pocket costs (the $10,000)[4].Under the same situation, a "pay on behalf" policy, the insurance carrier would pay the claim and the insured (the homeowner) would not be out of pocket for anything. Most modern liability insurance is written on the basis of "pay on behalf" language[5].An entity seeking to transfer risk (an individual, corporation, or association of any type, etc.) becomes the 'insured' party once risk is assumed by an 'insurer', the insuring party, by means of a contract, called an insurance 'policy'. Generally, an insurance contract includes, at a minimum, the following elements: the parties (the insurer, the insured, the beneficiaries), the premium, the period of coverage, the particular loss event covered, the amount of coverage (i.e., the amount to be paid to the insured or beneficiary in the event of a loss), and exclusions (events not covered). An insured is thus said to be "indemnified" against the loss events covered in the policy.When insured parties experience a loss for a specified peril, the coverage entitles the policyholder to make a 'claim' against the insurer for the covered amount of loss as specified by the policy. The fee paid by the insured to the insurer for assuming the risk is called the 'premium'. Insurance premiums from many insureds are used to fund accounts reserved for later payment of claims—in theory for a relatively few claimants—and for overhead costs. So long as an insurer maintains adequate funds set aside for anticipated losses (i.e., reserves), the remaining margin is an insurer's profit.[edit] Insurer’s business modelProfit = earned premium + investment income - incurred loss - underwriting expenses.Insurers make money in two ways: (1) through underwriting, the process by which insurers select the risks to insure and decide how much in premiums to charge for accepting those risks and (2) by investing the premiums they collect from insureds.The most difficult aspect of the insurance business is the underwriting of policies. Using a wide assortment of data, insurers predict the likelihood that a claim will be made against their policies and price products accordingly. To this end, insurers use actuarial science to quantify the risks they are willing to assume and the premium they will charge to assume them. Data is analyzed to fairly accurately project the rate of future claims based on a given risk. Actuarial science uses statistics and probability to analyze the risks associated with the range of perils covered, and these scientific principles are used to determine an insurer's overall exposure. Upon termination of a given policy, the amount of premium collected and the investment gains thereon minus the amount paid out in claims is the insurer's underwriting profit on that policy. Of course, from the insurer's perspective, some policies are winners (i.e., the insurer pays out less in claims and expenses than it receives in premiums and investment income) and some are losers (i.e., the insurer pays out more in claims and expenses than it receives in premiums and investment income).An insurer's underwriting performance is measured in its combined ratio. The loss ratio (incurred losses and loss-adjustment expenses divided by net earned premium) is added to the expense ratio (underwriting expenses divided by net premium written) to determine the company's combined ratio. The combined ratio is a reflection of the company's overall underwriting profitability. A combined ratio of less than 100 percent indicates underwriting profitability, while anything over 100 indicates an underwriting loss.Insurance companies also earn investment profits on “float”. “Float” or available reserve is the amount of money, at hand at any given moment, that an insurer has collected in insurance premiums but has not been paid out in claims. Insurers start investing insurance premiums as soon as they are collected and continue to earn interest on them until claims are paid out.In the United States, the underwriting loss of property and casualty insurance companies was $142.3 billion in the five years ending 2003. But overall profit for the same period was $68.4 billion, as the result of float. Some insurance industry insiders, most notably Hank Greenberg, do not believe that it is forever possible to sustain a profit from float without an underwriting profit as well, but this opinion is not universally held. Naturally, the “float” method is difficult to carry out in an economically depressed period. Bear markets do cause insurers to shift away from investments and to toughen up their underwriting standards. So a poor economy generally means high insurance premiums. This tendency to swing between profitable and unprofitable periods over time is commonly known as the "underwriting" or insurance cycle. [6]Property and casualty insurers currently make the most money from their auto insurance line of business. Generally better statistics are available on auto losses and underwriting on this line of business has benefited greatly from advances in computing. Additionally, property losses in the US, due to natural catastrophes, have exacerbated this trend.Finally, claims and loss handling is the materialized utility of insurance. In managing the claims-handling function, insurers seek to balance the elements of customer satisfaction, administrative handling expenses, and claims overpayment leakages. As part of this balancing act, fraudulent insurance practices are a major business risk that must be managed and overcome.Types of insuranceAny risk that can be quantified can potentially be insured. Specific kinds of risk that may give rise to claims are known as "perils". An insurance policy will set out in detail which perils are covered by the policy and which are not. Below are (non-exhaustive) lists of the many different types of insurance that exist. A single policy may cover risks in one or more of the categories set forth below. For example, auto insurance would typically cover both property risk (covering the risk of theft or damage to the car) and liability risk (covering legal claims from causing an accident). A homeowner's insurance policy in the U.S. typically includes property insurance covering damage to the home and the owner's belongings, liability insurance covering certain legal claims against the owner, and even a small amount of health insurance for medical expenses of guests who are injured on the owner's property.Business insurance can be any kind of insurance that protects businesses against risks. Some principal subtypes of business insurance are (a) the various kinds of professional liability insurance, also called professional indemnity insurance, which are discussed below under that name; and (b) the business owners policy (BOP), which bundles into one policy many of the kinds of coverage that a business owner needs, in a way analogous to how homeowners insurance bundles the coverages that a homeowner needs.[7]HealthHealth insurance policies will often cover the cost of private medical treatments if the National Health Service in the United Kingdom (NHS) or other publicly-funded health programs do not pay for them. It will often result in quicker health care where better facilities are available. Dental insurance, like medical insurance, is coverage for individuals to protect them against dental costs. In the U.S., dental insurance is often part of an employer's benefits package, along with health insurance. Most countries rely on public funding to ensure that all citizens have universal access to health care.[edit] DisabilityDisability insurance policies provide financial support in the event the policyholder is unable to work because of disabling illness or injury. It provides monthly support to help pay such obligations as mortgages and credit cards. Total permanent disability insurance insurance provides benefits when a person is permanently disabled and can no longer work in their profession, often taken as an adjunct to life insurance. Disability overhead insurance allows business owners to cover the overhead expenses of their business while they are unable to work. Workers' compensation insurance replaces all or part of a worker's wages lost and accompanying medical expense incurred because of a job-related injury. CasualtyCasualty insurance insures against accidents, not necessarily tied to any specific property.Crime insurance is a form of casualty insurance that covers the policyholder against losses arising from the criminal acts of third parties. For example, a company can obtain crime insurance to cover losses arising from theft or embezzlement. Political risk insurance is a form of casualty insurance that can be taken out by businesses with operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss. [edit] Life insuranceMain article: Life insuranceLife insurance provides a monetary benefit to a decedent's family or other designated beneficiary, and may specifically provide for income to an insured person's family, burial, funeral and other final expenses. Life insurance policies often allow the option of having the proceeds paid to the beneficiary either in a lump sum cash payment or an annuity.Annuities provide a stream of payments and are generally classified as insurance because they are issued by insurance companies and regulated as insurance and require the same kinds of actuarial and investment management expertise that life insurance requires. Annuities and pensions that pay a benefit for life are sometimes regarded as insurance against the possibility that a retiree will outlive his or her financial resources. In that sense, they are the complement of life insurance and, from an underwriting perspective, are the mirror image of life insurance.Certain life insurance contracts accumulate cash values, which may be taken by the insured if the policy is surrendered or which may be borrowed against. Some policies, such as annuities and endowment policies, are financial instruments to accumulate or liquidate wealth when it is needed.In many countries, such as the U.S. and the UK, the tax law provides that the interest on this cash value is not taxable under certain circumstances. This leads to widespread use of life insurance as a tax-efficient method of saving as well as protection in the event of early death.In U.S., the tax on interest income on life insurance policies and annuities is generally deferred. However, in some cases the benefit derived from tax deferral may be offset by a low return. This depends upon the insuring company, the type of policy and other variables (mortality, market return, etc.). Moreover, other income tax saving vehicles (e.g., IRAs, 401(k) plans, Roth IRAs) may be better alternatives for value accumulation. A combination of low-cost term life insurance and a higher-return tax-efficient retirement account may achieve better investment return.PropertyProperty insurance provides protection against risks to property, such as fire, theft or weather damage. This includes specialized forms of insurance such as fire insurance, flood insurance, earthquake insurance, home insurance, inland marine insurance or boiler insurance.字数超限了。。。
毕业论文管理是高校教学中一个重要环节,而传统的毕业论文选题的管理方式耗费大量的人力和物力资源。下文是我为大家整理的关于的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
1、村镇银行经营模式研究
2、对我国政策性银行的发展与改革问题的思考
3、从紧的货币政策对商业银行的影响及对策
4、我国央行货币政策操作与效果分析
5、电子货币发行对货币供给影响的实证研究
6、我国金融业综合化经营与监管问题探析
7、中国股指期货投资的风险管理
8、中国股指期货推出后对股票市场的影响
9、美国次级债危机对我国的启示
10、外资银行在中国设立分支机构所要求的经营环境研究
11、股权投资基金研究
12、证券投资基金业绩评价研究
13、认股权证定价的实证研究
14、股指期货交易策略研究
15、从紧货币政策对股票市场的影响
16、商业银行理财产品现状及发展趋势
17、资本市场理财产品现状及发展趋势
18、中国股票市场制度缺陷及纠正
19、人民币汇率升值与中国证券市场的发展
20、中小企业融资难与商业银行贷款低效率
21、商业银行服务于新农村建设的创新机制研究
22、新型农村金融机构的监管制度研究
23、农村金融资源有效配置机制创新研究
24、商业银行操作风险管理问题研究
25、我国私人银行业务发展的问题及对策
26、我国村镇银行发展的问题及对策
27、我国邮政储蓄银行的改革及发展定位
28、中小商业银行贷款定价问题探讨
29、商业银行票据业务的风险及对策
30、从美国的次级住房贷款危机看中国银行业的住房贷款业务风险
31、我国上市商业银行的继续改革问题探讨
32、我国民间金融发展中的问题及对策
33、中外银行信贷管理的比较与启示
34、我国网路银行的发展与监管对策
35、我国银行监管与国际接轨问题研究
36、中国期货市场的创新与发展问题
37、央行加息对房地产业的影响分析
38、国外中小企业融资方式及启示
39、我国商业银行消费信贷的风险分析与对策研究
40、构建农村信用社风险控制体系的研究
41、我国商业银行个人理财业务的发展问题及对策研究
42、发展农村消费信贷问题研究
43、农村信用社农户小额贷款存在问题及对策
44、广东省农村信用社改革问题研究
45、我国个人信用制度建设中的问题研究
46、商业银行个人金融业务的现状及发展对策
47、浅议建立适合我国的存款保险制度
48、农村信用社操作风险的形成及防范对策
49、论我国商业银行中间业务的拓展与创新
50、商业银行个人消费信贷面临的风险及防范对策
51、我国中央银行与 *** 之间关系的研究
52、浅析加强中央银行独立性地位
53、电子货币发展与中央银行面临的风险分析
54、中国信用卡市场的规模与结构
55、对中国当前货币政策传导机制和传导效率的思考
56、浅析农村信用社农户小额信贷
57、略论我国商业银行现阶段汇率风险与防范
58、货币市场发展与中央银行货币政策功效分析
59、 *** 在房地产业管理中的定位思考
60、中国城市化发展程序与我国房地产业的发展趋势
61、我国商业银行住房抵押贷款证券化化的实施思路
62、我国商业银行住房抵押贷款证券化化的实施时机
63、“从紧”货币政策下住房抵押贷款政策的新思考
64、新时期商业银行业务管理的特点与对策
65、建立我国新时期“和谐金融”环境研究
66、“从紧”货币政策下商业银行的经营调整对策
67、人民币汇率升值对我国房地产价格的影响
68、“私募资本”市场的金融监管问题研究
69、“从紧”货币政策下的金融监管研究
70、央行加息对银行业务的影响分析
71、中国金融业混业经营的时机分析
72、房贷新政对住房市场的影响效果评价
73、探析当前紧缩货币政策对金融业发展的影响
74、论以风险控制为主的银行信贷组织机构的建立
75、论以客户为核心的银行服务流程的建立
76、论以客户为核心的银行服务机构的建立
77、论环保与金融联动机制的建立
78、论环保与金融联控机制的建立
79、高校大学生医疗保险现状研究及对策分析
80、大学生失业保险专案开发的可行性研究
81、浅谈保险企业的核心竞争力
82、人寿保险保费分析方法研究
83、保险产品创新研究
84、保险组合产品及其规制问题探讨
85、保险资产管理的监管模式探讨
86、保险营销创新与监管研究
87、保险业集团化经营模式探讨
88、保险公司经营绩效指标体系研究
89、影响保险市场执行效率的主要因素及政策建议
90、保险公司治理结构创新研究
91、存款保险制度若干问题的思考
92、我国责任保险发展研究
93、我国保险公司经营效率分析
94、我国保险公司经营安全的外部保障体系研究
95、寿险代理人素质管理研究
96、商业银行不良贷款证券化模式分析
97、我国个人理财市场拓展的难点及对策研究
98、我国国有商业银行改制上市效应的实证分析
99、我国国际收支双顺差的负效应及对策研究
100、人民币汇率与我国国际收支状况分析
1）论我国人身保险发展的市场前景2）商业保险与社会保险的比较3）商业保险在我国的发展趋势4）中国加入WTO后保险业的发展前景5）如何改善我国保险监管的不足、6）论中外保险竞争与合作7）交强险的运用与改革8）论述我国创新型保险产品的发展现状及发展前景9）年金保险在我国的发展前景10）比较责任保险与一般财产保险11）比较信用保险和保证保险的异同12）农业保险在我国今后的发展趋势13）我国保险代理人体制的改革14）保险理赔应遵守的基本原则与特殊原则15）分析影响保险公司偿付能力的主要因素16）我国再保险业的发展趋势17）重庆保险市场分析18）保险企业提高经营效益的根本途径19）分析几种典型的保险公司组织形式20）理解偿付能力监管是保险监管的核心21）保险业在混业经营中的意义22）保险营销环境对保险营销策略的影响23）理解保险经营资产具有负债性的意义24）为什么保险人在经营中要遵守风险大量原则25）论述人身保险的特殊性26）农业保险经营中的主要问题27）论保险人公估人在我国保险市场的作用28）论《保险法》修改的要点29）保险学大学生在中国保险市场的作为30）保险的“助动器”与“稳定器”作用31）论保险条款“通俗化”的必要32）分析目前国家允许保险资金海外投资和保险外汇资金境外运用33）分析我国保险经纪人市场的发展前景34）分析我国保险业的人才需求状况35）浅谈保险代理人36）分析保险营销新渠道的拓展37）保险市场与资本市场的互动38）分析我国目前投资型保险39）论我国保险资金的投资渠道40）分析我国企业年金保险市场41）论中国保险市场全面开放所带来的影响42）浅谈保险合同的订立与生效43）保险资金的有效管理运用44）如何改善我国保险监管的不足45）论我国保险营销策略与发展46）浅谈保险客户服务中心管理47）如何改善我国保险监管的不足48）浅谈我国补充养老保险发展现状极其发展意义49）论意外伤害保险的可保危险50）如何发展我国农村医疗健康保险市场51）我国财产保险发展趋势52）论述财产保险的主要特征53）订立财产保险合同应遵守的原则54）简述我国财产保险市场的恶性竞争55）再保险对财产保险公司的意义56）家庭财产保险在中国的发展前景57）分析目前机动车辆保险市场现状
扩展阅读：【保险】怎么买，哪个好，手把手教你避开保险的这些"坑"