英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份
[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press,2008
[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press, 2007
[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1982
[4] Nida Eugene. Language, Culture, and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1993
[5] Susan Bassnett, Andre Lefevere. Translation, History, Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 1987
[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press, 2006
[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press, 2008
[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press, 2007
[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua, 2008\
[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社, 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社, 2006
英语毕业论文提纲模板
紧张又充实的`大学生活即将结束，毕业前要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验学生学习成果的形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语毕业论文提纲模板，希望能够帮助到大家。
Acknowledgements 4-6
Contents 6-10
List of Figures 10-12
List of Tables 12-20
Abstract 20-22
摘要 23-25
Chapter 1 Introduction 25-32
1.1 Purpose of the study and research questions 28-29
1.2 Significance of the study 29-30
1.3 Organization of the study 30-31
1.4 A note on terminology 31-32
Chapter 2 Literature review 32-51
2.1 T/TP and coherence in English writing 32-35
2.1.1 Defining coherence 32-33
2.1.2 T/TP as means to realize coherence 33-35
2.2 T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 35-42
2.2.1 T/TP and coherence in EFL/ESL writing 35-37
2.2.2 T/TP in EFL/ESL writing as compared to NS writing 37-42
2.3 T/TP in English research articles by EFL/ESL scholars 42-44
2.4 The factors that influence T/TP in EFL/ESL writing 44-47
2.5 Training in T/TP 47-49
2.6 Summary 49-51
Chapter 3 Theoretical background 51-70
3.1 Systemic Functional Grammar 51-55
3.1.1 Five dimensions of language as a semiotic system 51-53
3.1.2 Three metafunctions of language as a functional system 53-54
3.1.3 Three lines of meaning from metafunctions 54-55
3.2 Theme and thematic progression 55-70
3.2.1 Theme 56-62
3.2.2 Thematic progression 62-70
Chapter 4 Research Design 70-88
4.1 The participants and the educational context 70-73
4.1.1 Background of the participants and the participating school 70
4.1.2 The allocation of participants to the training 70-71
4.1.3 The sample sizes 71-72
4.1.4 The pilot study 72-73
4.2 The interventional procedures 73-74
4.3 The questionnaire 74-75
4.4 The training 75-80
4.4.1 Considerations behind the training 75-76
4.4.2 The training material 76-79
4.4.3 The role of the researcher as the trainer 79-80
4.5 Data analysis 80-86
4.5.1 Analysis of the writing 80-86
4.5.2 Analysis of the questionnaire 86
4.6 Ethical considerations 86-88
4.6.1 Informed consent 86-87
4.6.2 Anonymity 87
4.6.3 Harm 87-88
Chapter 5 Results and analysis of pre-training writing 88-115
5.1 Comparison of Themes in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 88-102
5.1.1 Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 88-91
5.1.2 Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 91-95
5.1.3 Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 95-100
5.1.4 Interpersonal Themes 100-102
5.2 Comparison of thematic progression in EEL pre-training writing and CEL pre-writing 102-110
5.2.1 Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 102-107
5.2.2 Back,contextual and new Themes 107-110
5.3 Summary 110-115
Chapter 6 Results and analysis of post-training writing 115-137
6.1 Comparison of Themes in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 115-129
6.1.1 Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 115-117
6.1.2 Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 117-121
6.1.3 Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 121-126
6.1.4 Interpersonal Themes 126-129
6.2 Comparison of thematic progression in EEL post-training writing and CEL post-writing 129-132
6.2.1 Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 129-131
6.2.2 Back,contextual and new Themes 131-132
6.3 Summary 132-137
Chapter 7 Results and analysis of pre- and post- training writing 137-155
7.1 Comparison of Themes in pre- and post- training writing 137-147
7.1.1 Topical,textual and interpersonal Themes 137-139
7.1.2 Topical Themes:marked and unmarked Themes 139-142
7.1.3 Textual Themes:continuatives,conjunctions and conjunctive adjuncts 142-145
7.1.4 Interpersonal Themes 145-147
7.2 Comparison of thematic progression in pre- and post- training writing 147-150
7.2.1 Linear,constant,summative and split progressions 147-149
7.2.2 Back,contextual and new Themes 149-150
7.3 Summary 150-155
Chapter 8 Results and analysis of the questionnaire 155-165
8.1 Findings from closed questions 155-160
8.1.1 EEL participants' general attitude to training on T/TP 155-157
8.1.2 EEL participants' perception of the usefulness of the training on T/TP 157-158
8.1.3 EEL participants' perception of the learnability of T/TP 158-159
8.1.4 EEL participants' perception of the applicability of T/TP in writing 159-160
8.2 Findings from open questions 160-164
8.2.1 The changes that occurred 161-162
8.2.2 The perceived difficulty of applying the theory of T/TP in writing 162-163
8.2.3 The reasons for the perceived difficulty in learning 163
8.2.4 EEL participants' suggestions for future training 163-164
8.3 Summary 164-165
Chapter 9 Discussion 165-195
9.1 Findings with regard to research questions 165-187
9.1.1 Chinese college students' use of T/TP in pre-training writing 165-172
9.1.2 Chinese college students' use of T/TP in post-training writing 172-181
9.1.3 Effects of the training on T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 181-187
9.2 Positioning the study within the literature 187-190
9.2.1 T/TP in Chinese college students' English writing 187-189
9.2.2 Effects of training on Chinese college students' use of T/TP 189-190
9.3 Implications 190-194
9.3.1 Pedagogical implication 190-193
9.3.2 Methodological implication 193-194
9.4 Limitations 194-195
Chapter 10 Conclusion 195-200
10.1 Summary 195-197
10.2 Putting everything together 197-199
10.3 Suggestions for future work 199-200
Notes 200-202
References 202-214
Appendix 1: Plan for the interventional procedures 214-215
Appendix 2: The post-training questionnaire 215-217
Appendix 3: Training material 217-229
Appendix 4: Teachers' guide to the training 229-237
Appendix 5: Consent form for EEL group 237-238
Appendix 6: Consent form for CEL group 238-239
Appendix 7: Consent form for NS group 239
中文摘要 3-4
ABSTRACT 4
Chapter One Introduction 7-10
1.1 Motivation of the present study 7-8
1.2 Significance of this study 8
1.3 Composition of this thesis 8-10
Chapter Two Literature Review 10-19
2.1 Language production 10-14
2.1.1 L1 Production 10-11
2.1.2 L2 Production 11-12
2.1.3 Dimensions of language production 12-14
2.2 Theories on oral output 14-15
2.2.1 Skehan’s dual-model system 14
2.2.2 Swain’s Output Hypothesis 14-15
2.3 Task Repetition 15-17
2.3.1 Task 15-16
2.3.2 Task repetition 16-17
2.4 Relevant studies on effects of task repetition on L2 oral output 17-19
CHARPTER THREE THE CURRENT STUDY 19-25
3.1 Research justification and questions 19
3.2 Hypothesis 19-20
3.3 Methods 20-25
3.3.1 Participants 20-21
3.3.2 Material 21
3.3.3 Research design 21-23
3.3.4 Measures 23-25
Chapter Four Results and Discussion 25-41
4.1 Results and Analysis 25-34
4.1.1 Quantitative analysis 25-27
4.1.2 Qualitative analysis 27-34
4.2 Discussion 34-41
4.2.1 Fluency 34-36
4.2.2 Complexity 36-38
4.2.3 Accuracy 38-39
4.2.4 interlanguage development path of learner L 39-41
Chapter Five Conclusions 41-44
5.1 Conclusion and implication 41-43
5.2 Limitations and recommendations 43-44
Acknowledgements 44-45
References 45-49
Appendixes 49-54
A. Instructions of the experiment 49-50
B. The same-content task 50-51
C. The different-content task 51-52
D. Sample of oral pre-task 52-53
E. Sample of oral post-task 53-54
F. Sample of writing repetition task 54
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Research Background
1.2 Significance of the Study
1.3 Research Goals and Questions
1.4 Data Collection and Methodology
1.5 Analysis Procedures
1.6 Organization of the Thesis
Chapter 2 Literature Review
2.1 Introduction to Appraisal Theory
2.2 Studies on Appraisal Theory
2.2.1 Studies on Appraisal Theory Abroad
2.2.2 Studies on Appraisal Theory at Home
2.3 Studies on Personal Statements
2.3.1 Introduction to Personal Statement
2.4 Summary
Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework
3.1 An Overview of Attitude System
3.2 Affect Resources
3.3 Judgment Resources
3.3.1 Social Esteem
3.3.2 Social Sanction
3.4 Appreciation Resources
3.5 Interactions of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
3.6 Borders of Affect, Judgment and Appreciation
3.7 Summary
Appendix 1: Papers Published during Graduate Studies
Appendix 2: Some Samples of the Study
References
Acknowledgements
英语专业毕业论文提纲2007-09-30 11:26Acknowledgements Abstract (English） Abstract (Chinese) Introduction Chapter 1 Moby-Dick and Individuation Theory 1.1 Background of Herman Melville and Moby-Dick 1.2 Brief Introduction of C.G. Jung’s Individuation Theory Chapter 2 Failed Individuation of Captain Ahab 2.1 Ahab’s Wounded Pride 2.2 Ahab’s Madness 2.3 Failed Individuation of Ahab Chapter 3 Individuation of Ishmael 3.1 Alienated Ishmael in the very Beginning 3.2 Tendency of Ishmael’s Ego-Self Reunification 3.3 Individuation Process of Ishmael 3.4 Differences between Ishmael and Ahab Conclusion Works Cited其实很简单.就分三部分. 1. Introduction of African American Vernacular English介绍黑人英语 2. An analysis of African American Vernacular English分析黑人英语 你可就以下几点来分析. a. History and social context历史和社会背景 b. Phonological features语音特点 c. Grammatical features语法特点 d. Negation否定句式 e. Other grammatical characteristics其它语法特点 f. Lexical features词的特点 3.A summary总结
根据学术堂的了解。论文提纲是作者构思谋篇的具体体现，便于作者有条理地安排材料、展开论证。有了一个好的提纲，就能纲举目张，提纲挈领，掌握全篇论文的基本骨架，使论文的结构完整统一;就能分清层次，明确重点，周密地谋篇布局，使总论点和分论点有机地统一起来;也就能够按照各部分的要求安排、组织、利用资料，决定取舍，最大限度地发挥资料的作用。下面给大家分享如果写好英语专业毕业论文提纲：1、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作方法（1）先拟标题；（2）写出总论点;（3）考虑全篇总的安排:从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架;（4）大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句(即段旨);（5）依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用；（6）全面检查，作必要的增删。2、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作要求论文提纲由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，写出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些信息或词汇，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。3、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作标准·页码:封面不编页。·从目录开始编页，目录使用阿拉伯数字编码，页码编号要求居中。;·用A4纸单面打印。上、下各为2.5cm,左右边距为2cm;装订线为1cm。·对页眉没有固定要求。4、英语专业毕业论文提纲字体设置说明·一级标题使用"宋体、三号、加粗"·二级标题使用"宋体、四号、加粗"·三级标题使用"宋体、小四号、加粗"·四级标题使用"宋体、小四号"·建议标题最好不要超过三级，否则适得其反，格式太乱。·正文一律使用"宋体、小四号字，行间距为1.5倍。5、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作原则(1)要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江××市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。(2)从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，舍不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。(3)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆，论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。(4)论文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点，是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分，因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准，层层深入，层层推理，以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合，把论点讲深讲透。6、英语专业毕业论文提纲撰写步骤（1)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。(2)原稿纸页数的分配写好论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1-2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3-4页，第二项用4-5页，第三项3-4页，第四项6-7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000-6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。(3)编写提纲论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。(4)修改提纲提纲写好后，还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽，这就是提纲的推敲和修改，这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当，是否合适;二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题，检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题，是否合乎道理;各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密，过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查，再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行"微调"。7、英语专业毕业论文提纲格式1）论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。2）目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)3）提要:是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。4）关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在"提要"的左下方。主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。5）论文正文:(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。（2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:a.提出-论点;b.分析问题-论据和论证;c.解决问题-论证与步骤;d.结论。6）一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则》进行。中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息所列参考文献的要求是:(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类，简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义，甚至是两句话。这种提纲往往是用于科学论文，而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、3......点来写的话，往往会变成"八股文"的模式，这样的论文往往是应付式的论文，其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。
我有一个是英语文学方面的.不知道是不是你想要的.这可是我的得意之作.我就是靠这个论文拿了优秀毕业论文的.如果你满意,一定要把我选为最佳哦,谢谢!题目是:The analysis of Symbolic Images in Tony Morrison's BelovedThesis statement: The paper intends to analyze the symbolic images in Tony Morrison's Beloved.I. Introduction A.The introduction of the author a.A brief review of symbolid b.The appraisal B.The brief of the paperII.The Origin of Tony Morrison's Symbolic ImagesA.The production of the workB.Comparing with other works in symbolic imagesIII.Five Categories of Symbolic Images in BelovedA.symbolic figuresB.SettingC. Body marksD. Linguistic applicationE.EventIV.Theme Interpreation with Reference to Symbolic ImagesA. Memory of the pastB.Seeking self-recognitionC.Recuperating Afro-American traditional cultureD. Maternal loveV.ConclusionA.The contribution to Afro-American literature.B.Social influence produced by Symbolic Images and its profound meaning.
去淘宝网找一找 很多的 连原文及翻译都有 我的毕业论文的翻译就是买的
英语专业毕业论文
大学生活在不经意间即将结束，毕业生要通过最后的毕业论文，毕业论文是一种有准备、有计划、比较正规的、比较重要的检验大学学习成果的形式，那么什么样的毕业论文才是好的呢？以下是我帮大家整理的英语专业毕业论文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
浅析商务英语教学中计算机网络利弊
摘要： 本文通过分析计算机网络在商务英语中的利与弊，探讨计算机网络在商务英语教学中的作用，指出随着信息技术的发展，计算机网络的作用早已远远超出其辅助功能。培养复合型涉外商务英语人才，应打破传统的商务英语教学模式，建立新的以学生为中心的教学模式，强调商务环境下的语言训练。同时，学生不仅要掌握商务英语知识和技能，也要掌握计算机方面的知识和技能。
关键词： 商务英语教学；计算机辅助；教学模式
随着全球经济一体化和我国对外经贸的迅速发展，社会需要越来越多既懂英语，又懂商务的高素质复合型人才。在培养复合型涉外商务英语人才的过程中，商务英语起到了重要作用。通过商务英语教学，一方面，学生可以掌握国际贸易主要术语和必要的商务知识，熟悉经贸业务流程，提高听、说、读、写、译方面的基本能力；另一方面，学生还能掌握商务基本礼仪、经济、贸易等基础理论知识，提高跨文化交际能力，从而最终能够胜任用英语进行对外经贸活动的工作，成为复合型涉外商务英语人才。
一、计算机网络对商务英语教学环境的改善。
商务工作的过程实质上是一种交际过程。商务英语的教学目标是培养在国际商务环境中用英语进行沟通的能力。传统的商务英语教学环境基本上局限在教室和课本上，给学生提供的是零商务环境，导致学生在走上工作岗位时极有可能遭遇“环境休克”，难以将所学知识应用到实际工作中去。
计算机辅助语言学习在我国已经得到重视和应用，并使许多新的教育理念在英语教学中得以实现。
(一)计算机网络能够营造自主学习环境。
Henri Holec提出，学校应该设立两个教学目标：一是帮助学生获得语言和交际能力；二是帮助学生获得自主学习能力。
在商务英语教学过程中，计算机网络使学生能够利用多媒体课件和网络丰富的学习资源进行自学，而不受时间、地点的限制。学生可以根据自身需求和兴趣爱好，自主选择学习内容，调控学习进度，探索学习方法，掌握与商务英语相关的经济、贸易、金融等知识，不断在自身原有经验的基础上建构其对新知识的理解并发展其认知结构。
除了丰富的商务知识外，计算机网络还为学生提供了大量的语言资料，使学生可以不必依赖教师和教材。
各种媒体资源及专门的商务英语教学网站为学生提供了丰富的资源，学生可以自主选择阅读或通过原声电影、英文歌曲、英文广播等多种手段，提高商务英语的听、说、读、写、译基本能力。
以计算机网络为媒介，学生还可以通过电子邮件( e- mail) 、聊天室( chatroom) ，或者MOO (multiuser domainobject oriented)进行一人对一人、一人对多人，或多人对多人的共时( synchronous) ，或非共时交流( asynchronous) ，解决自主学习时遇到的困难。
(二)多信息通道的配合使用有利于改善信息的识记效果。
乔姆斯基(Avram Noam Chomsky)曾指出：“我们大概应该努力为正常人本身拥有的本能的直观判断能力创造一个丰富的语言环境。”人类自然接受信息是通过人的各种感官来进行的，其中包括视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉和味觉等，其中视觉和听觉起着最重要的作用。
多媒体技术在商务英语教学中，可以提供丰富的画面、视频、影像和文字，使学生在学习过程中视听结合，图像和声音信息同步输入，有效刺激大脑皮层，提高记忆能力，从而比传统的、单一的以语言为主的教学方式达到更好的教学效果。
(三)大量真实的商务英语材料使语言输入有足够的“重复率”。
Van Patten在谈到语言吸收时认为：“能够被吸收的语言知识在语言输入中必须有足够的‘重复率’( frequen2cy) 和‘凸显性’( salience) ”。计算机、网络和商务英语教学的有机结合，将商务活动方方面面的情景真实地展现在学生面前。学生不仅可以通过计算机、网络找到关于接待、谈判、会议、询盘、发盘、装运、保险等各种商务活动的文字材料，也可以找到相关的听力、视频、音像资料。
就商务活动的某一主题而言，比如询盘，学生可以在网上找到多种对话资料、听力资料、阅读资料、写作资料及文化背景资料。多种资料中商务术语、商务知识的重复出现，使学生潜移默化地提高了语言运用能力，扩大了自己的知识层面。另外，通过计算机网络，教师可指导学生通过网上实时进行国际贸易业务实训，或通过教学软件进行贸易流程的训练。这种真实的商务英语材料不受课本知识的局限，能够激发学生的学习兴趣和热情，将学生的理论知识和真实的商务环境连接起来，帮助学生有效地克服“环境休克”现象。
二、商务英语教学中计算机网络应用的'误区。
与传统的商务英语教学相比，计算机网络的应用使商务英语教学朝着个性化学习和自主式学习的方向发展。
但是，在许多高校的商务英语教学课堂上，教学的本质并未发生改变，还是一种传统的以教师为中心的教学模式。
与传统的黑板+粉笔+录音机的教学形式相比，只是多了光盘、计算机和网络，商务英语课堂教学仍是教师讲、学生听的局面。以商务英语教学中的课文讲解为例，一方面，教师过度依赖课件。教师往往将课本内容完全照搬到多媒体课件中，然后借助课件进行讲解。即使学生课后上网学习和网络版的内容也基本是课本内容的重复，意义不大。在这种情况下，要激发学生的学习潜能，促进学生自主化学习和突出学生的个性化学习之中，就显得非常困难。另一方面，计算机其及网络自身客观上存在局限性，多媒体教学固然生动，但是教师往往在教学过程中给学生提供过大的信息量，而忽视了学生的个体差异。学生在短时间内获得大量的教学信息，在一定程度上抑制了学生的想象力，不利于其解决问题、分析问题能力的发展。
由此可见，在许多高校的商务英语课堂上，普遍认为计算机作为辅助工具用于教学的目的是要帮助教师提高教学手段，其特点是：第一，辅助教师的演示工具(辅助教授难点或重点) ；第二，教学内容基于课本；第三，学生是被灌输知识的对象；第四，不改变教学内容和教学结构；第五，以教师为中心的教学结构。教学上使用的计算机被认为能够增强教师所传授的信息，因为信息被放大在屏幕上。因此，计算机作为一种技术只能起到增强教学效果的辅助作用，而不能真正成为人们用以解决实际问题的工具(Morrison and Lowther， 2005) 。
当今时代，随着信息技术的发展，计算机网络的作用早已远远超出其辅助功能。尤其是在商务领域，人和计算机已经成为一个整体，不能分离。商务活动中，许多具体业务都必须通过计算机及其网络来完成。比如，在电子商务( e - business)中，询盘、发盘、谈判、签订合同等都需要通过电子邮件( e - mail) 、网络聊天等方式来完成。
如果单把计算机网络看做是辅助的工具，是远远不够的。
因为计算机辅助大大削弱了计算机网络本身的功能和作用，不能够从根本上帮助培养复合型涉外商务英语人才，因此需要打破传统的商务英语教学模式，建立新的以学生为中心的教学模式，使学生的知识来源可以扩大到教育网站、数据库、电子书、音像制品、学习课件、报刊杂志、电视广播、教科书、虚拟图书馆、学习软件、网络交流平台及其它材料，教师不再是课堂上的“知识灌输者”，学生变成知识的主动构建者。同时，学生也要在学习商务英语知识、技能的同时，掌握计算机方面的知识和技能。
参考文献：
[ 1 ]陈坚林。 大学英语教学新模式下计算机网络与外语课程的有机整合———对计算机“辅助”外语教学概念的生态学考察[ J ]. 外语电化教学， 2006， (12) : 23.
[ 2 ]黄秀红。 商务英语自主学习环境的构建策略[ J ]. 教育传播与技术， 2006， (2) : 15.
[ 3 ]肖芳菲。 多媒体网络环境下的大学英语教学刍议[ J ]. 琼州大学学报， 2007， (2) : 37.
[ 4 ] Holec H. Autonomy and Foreign Language Learning[M ]. Oxford: Pergamon， 1981.
[ 5 ]Morrison， G. R and Lowther， D. L. Integrating Comput2er Technology into the Classroom [M ]. Pearson EducationAsia L imited， 2005.
一、标题
一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。
如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./Prof.C.Prager)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。
二、提纲
英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为2.5cm左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。
主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。
需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。
三、摘要
1、英文摘要是应用符合英文语法的文字语言，提供论文内容梗概为目的的短文。（内容基本与中文摘要相同，但不用完全逐句对应）。
2、英文题目、摘要、关键词自成一页（1页即可），放在中文摘要页之后。
3、英文字体与行间距： 统一使用“西文字体”中的“Times New Roman”，1.5倍行间距。
4、英文题目： 使用三号字加粗。
5、英文摘要： “Absract”顶格，使用四号字，并加粗。
6、英文关键词： “Key Words”顶格，使用四号字并加粗。
四、正文
有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约1.5cm。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。
正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。
在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。
五、文中引述
正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。
引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。
六、文献目录
论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点：
目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。
目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。
标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为2.5cm,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为0.6cm；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为0.6cm,不必留出更多空白。
各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
英语论文摘要又称文摘，是论文的重要组成部分，它是以提供文献内容梗概为目的，不加评论和补充解释，简明、确切地记述文献重要内容的短文。摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并拥有与文献同等量的主要信息，即不需阅读全文，就可获得重要的信息。
摘要通常置于文题之后，文章之首。在论文发表后，论文摘要常被文献检索系统所收集。英语论文摘要一般为200-300单词，并有与英文摘要表达观点一致的中文摘要与之对应。
论文的作用
论文为进行各个学术领域的研究和描述学术研究成果的文章。它既是探讨问题进行学术研究的一种手段，又是描述学术研究成果进行学术交流的一种工具。不同的人发表论文的作用也不同：
1、评职称（晋升职称）：研究生 毕业需要；教师 、医护人员 、科研院所的人员、企业员工 等 晋升高一级的职称时，发表期刊论文是作为一项必须的参考指标。
2、申报基金、课题 ：教育、科技、卫生系统 每年申报的国家自然科学基金项目、其它各种基金项目、各种研究课题时，发表论文 是作为 基金或课题 完成的一种研究成果的结论性展示。
3、世界性基础领域的研究，比如在医学、数学、物理、化学、生命科学 等领域开展的基础性研究，公开发表论文 是对最新科技 科学研究成果、研究方法的一种展示和报道。以推动整个社会的科技进步等。
参考资料来源：百度百科-英语论文
关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板精选3篇
论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的`大概内容，下面是我为大家推荐的3篇英语教学毕业论文的提纲模板，希望大家喜欢!
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板一
Abstract 5-6
摘要 7-9
1. Introduction 9-11
1.1 Background of the Research 9
1.2 Significance of the Research 9-10
1.3 Structure of the thesis 10-11
2. Literature Review 11-19
2.1 Some Attempts to Define expert and novice teacher 11-13
2.2 An overview of studies on teaching behaviors 13-16
2.3 An overview of the characteristics of expert teachers' teaching behaviors 16
2.4 Limitations of the Previous Studies 16
2.5 Theoretical bases 16-19
3. Research Design 19-25
3.1 Subjects 19-20
3.2 Observed teaching tasks 20-21
3.3 Classification of English teachers’ teaching behaviors 21-22
3.4 Research method 22-24
3.5 Research Procedures 24-25
4. Data Analysis and Discussion 25-51
4.1 Diversity in Speech Presentation behavior 25-33
4.2 Diversity in Text Presentation 33-38
4.3 Diversity in Action Presentation (body language) 38-40
4.4 Diversity in interaction behavior 40-51
5. Conclusions and Implications 51-55
5.1 Conclusions 51-53
5.2 Pedagogical Implications 53-54
5.3 Limitations and recommendations for the Further Research 54-55
Acknowledgments 55-56
References 56-59
Appendix I Classroom observation worksheet of teaching behavior 59-61
Appendix II 唐卫海提问行为类别观察表 61-62
Appendix III 攻读硕士学位期间发表的论文 62
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板二
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-7
Tables 7-10
1. Introduction 10-14
1.1 Research Questions 11
1.2 The purpose and significance of this research 11-12
1.3 Layout of thesis 12-14
2. Literature Review 14-24
2.1 The concept and connotation of teaching journal 15-17
2.2 The Content of teaching journal 17-20
2.3 Reflective level 20
2.4 The styles of teaching journal 20-24
3.Research Design 24-26
3.1 Purpose of Research 24
3.2 Subjects 24
3.3 Instruments 24-25
3.4 Procesures of research 25
3.5 Data collection 25-26
4. Results and Discussions 26-52
4.1 Results and discussions of quesionnaire 26-32
4.2 The writing differences between teachers of differnet professional ranks on reflective content and reflective level 32-45
4.3 The writing differences between teachers of different genders on reflective content and reflective level 45-52
5. Methods to Improve Teachers' Reflective Ability 52-56
5.1 Problems in the process of reflection 52-53
5.2 The ways to improve teachers' reflective ability 53-56
6. Conclusion 56-58
6.1 Present findings 56
6.2 Limitations 56-57
6.3 Suggestions for future research 57-58
Acknowledgements 58-60
Bibliography 60-64
Appendix 64-65
英语教学毕业论文提纲模板三
Abstract 3-4
摘要 5-8
1. Introduction 8-12
1.1 Research background 8
1.2 Significance of the study 8-10
1.3 Organization of thesis 10-12
2. Literature Review 12-22
2.1 Language learning strategies 12-15
2.1.1 Definition of the language learning strategies 12-13
2.1.2 Classification of learning strategies 13-14
2.1.3 Studies on learning strategies 14-15
2.2 Language learning styles 15-18
2.2.1 Definition of language learning style 15
2.2.2 Classification of language learning style 15-17
2.2.3 Studies on language learning style 17-18
2.3 Learning strategies training 18-19
2.4. Review of the relationship of learning strategies and learning styles 19-22
3. Methodology 22-33
3.1 Purposes 22
3.2 Hypotheses 22
3.3 Research participants 22-23
3.4 Instruments of the research 23-24
3.4.1 Questionnaire 23
3.4.2 Observation 23-24
3.5 Procedures 24-33
3.5.1 Pre-treatment questionnaire 24-25
3.5.2 Language learning strategy training instruction 25-30
3.5.3 Post-treatment questionnaire 30-33
4. Results and Discussion 33-47
4.1 Results of the questionnaire 33-43
4.1.1 The results of the T-test in pre-treatment questionnaire 37-40
4.1.2 The results of the T-test in post-treatment questionnaire 40-43
4.2 Discussion 43-47
4.2.1 The senior high school students’ learning styles were expanded with the help of learning strategy training 44
4.2.2 The variety of learning styles helps the students to learn better with different learning tasks 44-45
4.2.3 The learning strategies help the students learn better, more easily and actively33 45-47
5. Conclusion 47-49
5.1 Major findings 47-48
5.1.1 The learning styles of the senior high students were tended to be various 47-48
5.1.2 The language learning strategy training can expand or even changethe language learning styles 48
5.2 Limitations and recommendations for further study 48-49
Acknowledgements 49-51
Bibliography 51-55
Appendix 55-61
AppendixA 关于英语学习风格的问卷调查 55-59
AppendixB 英语学习策略培训观察量表 59-60
AppendixC Listening Material 60-61
英语专业的论文提纲模板
导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！
Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason
1.1The Background of Gone with the Wind
1.1.1The Author's Life and Emotional Experience
1.1.2The Development of the Feminist Movement
1.1.3The Influence of Economic Crisis
1.2The Background of the Translator
1.3The Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept
Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style
2.1The Selection and Use of Words
2.1.1Logical Symbolthe Usage of Idioms
2.1.2Aesthetic Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication
2.2Sentences5 Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction
2.3Paragraphs' Logic and Combination
2.4Rhetoric's Device and Style
2.5Register's Transition
2.5.1Witticisms, Slangs and Fixed Collocations
2.5.2Black Identity
2.6Reappearance of Narrative Style
Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style
Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason
4.1Culture Significance
4.2Social Significance
4.3Translators' Effort
Conclusion
This article conclusion
Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.
Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.
In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板
所谓论文提纲，是指论文作者动笔行文前的必要准备，是论文构思谋篇的具体体现。构思谋篇是指组织设计毕业论文的篇章结构，以便论文作者可以根据论文提纲安排材料素材、对课题论文展开论证。下面我以英语教育专业毕业论文提纲为例，为大家介绍论文提纲的写法。
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板一
摘要 2-3
Abstract 3
引言 6-13
一、研究的背景 6-7
二、文献综述 7-11
(一) 国外研究状况 7-9
(二) 国内研究状况 9-11
三、研究方法 11-12
四、创新之处 12-13
第一章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论思考 13-22
一、相关概念的界定 13
二、小学高年级实施英语语篇整体性教学的必要性 13-14
(一) 小学高年级学生心理发展的特点 13
(二) 小学高年级英语语篇的特点 13-14
三、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的理论基础 14-18
(一) 心理学中的整体性原则 14-15
(二) 心理学中的认知理论 15-16
(三) 三种阅读教学模式 16-18
四、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的主要类型 18-22
(一) 对话类语篇整体性教学要素 18-19
(二) 故事类语篇整体性教学要素 19-22
第二章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂模式实施的现状调研 22-38
一、调研设计 22-23
(一) 调研对象 22
(二) 调研方法 22
(三) 调研内容 22-23
二、对小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学推进情况的调研 23-38
(一) 对语篇整体性教学实施态度的调研 23-25
(二) 对语篇整体性教学实施过程的调研 25-27
(三) 对语篇整体性教学实施效果的调研 27-34
(四)对语篇整体性教学实施困惑的调研 34-38
第三章 小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学调研的问题及原因分析 38-46
一、在实施语篇整体性教学过程中存在的问题 38-41
(一) 过于重视“整体”，完全放弃了 “局部”知识点学习 38-39
(二)为了体现“学生主体”，大胆放弃“教师主导” 39-40
(三)误解“阅读语篇”的意义，变成“反复朗读语篇” 40
(四)为了“整体情境”，拘泥于“单一情境” 40
(五)为了“立足语篇”，拒绝“适当有效拓展” 40-41
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学问题产生原因的分析 41-46
第四章 优化小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的途径 46-54
一、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学课堂实施的原则 46-51
(一) 整体理解为主,细节理解为辅 46-48
(二) 语感训练为主,语法理解为辅 48-50
(三) 思维训练为主,知识技能掌握为辅 50-51
二、小学高年级英语语篇整体性教学的策略研究 51-54
(一) 确立明确的教学目标 51
(二) 分配合理的预习任务 51-52
(三) 关注有效的情景创设 52
(四) 把握清晰的主线设置 52
(五) 关注丰富的拓展阅读 52-54
结语 54-55
参考文献 55-59
致谢 59-60
英语教育专业毕业论文提纲模板二
Idiom Translation under the Chinese and English Cultures
Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX
Abstract: Nida, a famous translator, says, "For truly successful translation, it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages, because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say, translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years, idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication, but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms, then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life, when new culture emerges, new idioms also appear, therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)
Key Words: idioms; culture; translation
论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译
摘要 :著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，
因为词语只有在其作用的'文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。
关键词： 习语;文化;翻译
1. Introduction
Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression
that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense, idioms contain set phrases, proverbs, colloquialisms, slangs, maxims, allusions, etc. (YinLi, 2007:9) In Chinese, they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark, a British translation theorist, in his work A Textbook of Translation, said, "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context, idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these, we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms, especially the four-character idioms, have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms, we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)
2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions
The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture, which also leads to a particular expression.
Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of
Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly, idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping, 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)
For example, "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water, you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会
Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进
A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)
On the other hand, China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming, such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴, 众人拾柴火焰高,竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea, so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)
2.1.2 History
2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms
2.2.1 Colours
2.2.2 Numbers
3. Methods of Idiom Translation
Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill, and at the ultimate analysis, fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida, 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese, translation is no easy job. Therefore, in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages, translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating, such as the following translating methods:
3.1 Literal Translation
3.2 Free Translation
3.3 Translation with Notes
3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms
3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning
3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation
4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation
5. Conclusion
One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language, idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society, history, psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So, in the process of translation, translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors, in doing this, he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned, translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides, people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)
References
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