consciencealley

笛福生于英国伦敦，本姓福（foe）。笛福后来在自己的姓前面加上听起来如同贵族的“de”的前缀，形成笛福（defoe)这一笔名。笛福的父亲詹姆斯·福从事屠宰业，双亲都是长老会教徒，不信仰英国国教，笛福自己也在长老会的学校里接受中等教育，但没有上过大学。笛福曾经从商，但是遭到失败，甚至于1692年破产。随后他为了谋生，干过各种工作，如政府的情报人员等，同时从事写作。1696年他成为了一家伦敦砖瓦厂的经理。 丹尼尔·笛福，英国作家。生于伦敦。父亲经营屠宰业。笛福只受过中等教育，信奉不属于英国国教的长老会教派。二十多岁时，笛福已是伦敦一个体面的商人，经营过内衣、烟酒业等等，到过欧洲大陆。1692年经商破产，不得不以其他方式谋生。他给政府当过情报员，设计过开发事业。他还从事写作，早年以写政论文和讽刺诗著称，反对封建专制，主张发展资本主义工商业。1698年他发表了《论开发》，建议修筑公路，开办银行，征收所得税，举办水火保险，设立疯人院，创办女学等。1702年他在政论文《消灭不同教派的捷径》中用反语讽刺政府的宗教歧视政策，由于文笔巧妙，开始未被识破，发觉后被捕入狱6个月，并受枷刑示众。他受枷刑时散发了他的长诗《枷刑颂》，讽刺法律的不公，围观的伦敦市民把他奉为英雄。1704年至1713年，他为哈利主办《评论》杂志，制造舆论，搜集情报。1719年笛福发表了他的第一部小说《鲁滨孙飘流记》，大受读者欢迎。接着出版了《鲁滨孙飘流续记》。1720年他又写了《鲁滨孙的沉思集》。此后还相继发表了《辛格尔顿船长》（1720）、《摩尔·费兰德斯》（1722）、《杰克上校》（1722）和《罗克萨娜》（1724）等长篇小说以及《彼得大帝》（1723）等传记笛福不信仰英国国教，这使得他在政治上拥护信仰新教的威廉三世。1702年笛福发表了一本小册子《消灭不同教派的捷径》，用反讽手法猛烈抨击托利党当局迫害不同教派，被逮捕。经过审判，笛福被判入狱六个月，并从1703年7月31日起带枷游行三天。笛福则在狱中针锋相对写了诗歌《枷刑颂》。这使得在他游行过程中，民众将其当英雄看待，向他投来的不是石块而是鲜花，并且为他的健康干杯。辉格党首领罗伯特·哈利非常欣赏笛福的才华，在他干涉下，笛福获得了释放。哈利希望笛福办杂志以争取民众对自己的苏格兰-英格兰联合政策的支持。笛福在哈利支持下于1704年创办了《法国时事评论》。1708年哈利失势，笛福继续支持其继任者戈多尔芬直到1713年杂志中断。 1719年笛福根据水手亚历山大·塞尔柯克的一部分经历和自己构思，完成了自己最著名的作品《鲁滨逊·克鲁索他是男（Robinson Crusoe），中文翻译为《鲁滨逊漂流记》。小说讲述一个在海难中逃生的水手在一个荒岛上通过自己智慧与勇气，战胜险恶的自然环境，终于获救回到英国的故事。小说大受欢迎，一年之内竟然出了四版。至今仍在被世界各地人阅读。笛福的其他主要小说作品有1720年完成的《辛格尔顿船长》和1722年的《摩尔·弗兰德斯》。笛福还写了大量小册子与新闻报道，1722年法国马赛发生瘟疫，笛福出版以1665年伦敦大瘟疫为内容的《大疫年纪事》，迎合了当时市民的关注，颇受欢迎。 丹尼尔·笛福（Daniel Defoe，1660年-1731年4月24日）英国小说家，新闻记者，小册子作者。其作品主要为个人通过努力，靠自己的智慧和勇敢战胜困难。情节曲折，采用自述方式，可读性强。并表现了当时追求冒险，倡导个人奋斗的社会风气。其代表作《鲁滨逊漂流记》闻名于世，鲁滨逊也成为与困难抗争的典型，因此他被视作英国小说的开创者之一。

good-for-nothing,of no use,without effectuselessof no avail

提供几段资料，仅供参考。内容简介： 遭遇船难而流落荒岛的英国流亡贵族鲁滨逊，在极度与世隔绝的情况下，运用水手时代训练而来的地理方位标示，天象人文观测，日移与潮汐变化登计法，与奥妙的自然搏斗，同时记录下自己的荒岛生涯，并随时等待时机与别逃离绝境。鲁滨逊在自治的日历星期五这一天，从食人族手中救出一个土著小孩，因此为他取名“星期五”作为纪念。星期五是被食人族作为祭祀的祭品带到荒岛上来的，无法再回到他的部族，随着两个人的朝夕相处，鲁滨逊面对一个与自己不同种族，宗教，及文化的人，慢慢改变了自己，两人发展成亦父亦友情谊。这份文明世界所缺少的友谊成为鲁滨 作者简介: 英国作家。生于伦敦。父亲经营屠宰业。笛福只受过中等教育，信奉不属于英国国教的长老会教派。二十多岁时，笛福已是伦敦一个体面的商人，经营过内衣、烟酒业等等，到过欧洲大陆。1692年经商破产，不得不以其他方式谋生。他给政府当过情报员，设计过开发事业。他还从事写作，早年以写政论文和讽刺诗著称，反对封建专制，主张发展资本主义工商业。1698年他发表了《论开发》，建议修筑公路，开办银行，征收所得税，举办水火保险，设立疯人院，创办女学等。1702年他在政论文《消灭不同教派的捷径》中用反语讽刺政府的宗教歧视政策，由于文笔巧妙，开始未被识破，发觉后被捕入狱6个月，并受枷刑示众。他受枷刑时散发了他的长诗《枷刑颂》，讽刺法律的不公，围观的伦敦市民把他奉为英雄。1704年至1713年，他为哈利主办《评论》杂志，制造舆论，搜集情报。1719年笛福发表了他的第一部小说《鲁滨孙飘流记》，大受读者欢迎。接着出版了《鲁滨孙飘流续记》。1720年他又写了《鲁滨孙的沉思集》。此后还相继发表了《辛格尔顿船长》（1720）、《摩尔·费兰德斯》（1722）、《杰克上校》（1722）和《罗克萨娜》（1724）等长篇小说以及《彼得大帝》（1723）等传记。 Robinson Crusoeby Daniel Defoe Chapter 1: Start in Life Chapter 2: Slavery and Escape Chapter 3: Wrecked on a Desert Island Chapter 4: First Weeks on the Island Chapter 5: Builds a House - The Journal Chapter 6: Ill and Conscience-Stricken Chapter 7: Agricultural Experience Chapter 8: Surveys His Position Chapter 9: A Boat Chapter 10: Tames Goats Chapter 11: Finds Print of Man's Foot on the Sand Chapter 12: A Cave Retreat Chapter 13: Wreck of a Spanish Ship Chapter 14: A Dream Realised Chapter 15: Friday's Education Chapter 16: Rescue of Prisoners from Cannibals Chapter 17: Visit of Mutineers Chapter 18: The Ship Recovered Chapter 19: Return to England Chapter 20: Fight Between Friday and a Beard About the Author English novelist, pamphleteer, and journalist, author of Robinson Crusoe (1719), a story of a man shipwrecked alone on an Along with Samuel Richardson, Defoe is considered the founder of the English Before his time stories were usually written as long poems or He produced some 200 works of nonfiction prose in addition to close 2 000 short essays in periodical publications, several of which he also Defoe was born as the son of James Foe, a butcher of Stroke Newington, whose stubborn puritanism occasionally comes through Defoe's He studied at Charles Morton's Academy, L Although his Nonconformist father intended him for the ministry, Defoe plunged into politics and trade, travelling extensively in E Throughout his life Defoe also wrote about mercantile projects, but his business ventures failed and left him with large debts, seventeen thousand pounds - which he later paid In the early 1680s Defoe was a commission merchant in Cornhill but went bankrupt in In 1684 he married Mary Tuffley; they had two sons and five Defoe was involved in Monmouth rebellion in 1685 against James II While hiding as a fugitive in a churchyard after the rebellion was put down, he noticed the name Robinson Crusoe carved on a stone, and later gave it to his famous Defoe became a supporter of William II, joining his army in 1688, and gaining a mercenary reputation because change of From 1695 to 1699 he was an accountant to the commissioners of the glass duty and then associated with a brick and tile works in T The business failed in In 1702 Defoe wrote his famous pamphlet The Shortest-Way with the D Himself a Dissenter he mimicked the extreme attitudes of High Anglican Tories and pretended to argue for the extermination of all D Nobody was amused, Defoe was arrested in May 1703, but released in return for services as a pamphleteer and intelligence agent to Robert Harley, 1st Earl of Oxford, and the T While in prison Defoe wrote a mock ode, Hymn to the Pillory (1703) The poem was sold in the streets, the audience drank to his health while he stood in the pillory and read aloud his When the Tories fell from power Defoe continued to carry out intelligence work for the Whig In his own days Defoe was regarded as an unscrupulous, diabolical Defoe used a number of pen names, including Eye Witness, TTaylor, and Andrew Morton, M His most unusual pen name was 'Heliostrapolis, secretary to the Emperor of the Moon,' used on his political satire The Consolidator, or Memoirs of Sundry Transactions from the World in the Moon (1705) His political writings were widely read and made him powerful His most remarkable achievement during Queen Anne's reign was the periodical A Review of the Affairs of France, and of All Europe (1704-1713) It was published weekly, later three times a week and resembled a modern From 1716 to 1720 Defoe edited Mercurius Politicus, then the Manufacturer (1720), and the Director (1720-21) He was contributor from 1715 to periodicals published by Nathaniel MDefoe was one of the first to write stories about believable characters in realistic situations using simple He achieved literary immortality when in April 1719 he published Robinson Crusoe, which was based partly on the memoirs of voyagers and castaways, such as Alexander S However, at first Defoe had troubles in finding a publisher for the book and eventually received £10 for the Employing a first-person narrator and apparently genuine journal entries, Defoe created a realistic frame for the novel, which distinguished it from its The account of a shipwrecked sailor was a comment both on the human need for society and the equally powerful impulse for But it also offered a dream of building a private kingdom, a self-made Utopia, and being completely self- By giving a vivid reality to a theme with large mythic implications, the story have since fascinated generations of readers as well as authors like Joachim Heinrich Campen, Jules Verne, RL Stevenson, Johann Wyss (Der schweizerische Robinson), Michael Tournier (Vendredi ou les limbes du Pacifique), JM Coetzee (Foe), and other creators of Robinsonade During the remaining years, Defoe concentrated on books rather than At the age of 62 he published Moll Flanders, a Journal of the Plague Year and Colonel J His last great work of fiction, Roxana, appeared in Defoe's choice of a female protagonist in Moll Flanders reflected his interest in the female Moll is born in Newgate, where her mother is under sentence of death for Herr sentence is commuted to transportation to V The abandoned child is educated by a Moll suffers romantic disillusionment when she is ruined at the hands of a cynical male seducer, she becomes a whore and a thief, but finally she gains the status of a gentlewoman through the spoils of a successful colonial In the 1720s Defoe had ceased to be politically controversial in his writings, and he produced several historical works, a guide book A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain (1724-27, 3 ), The Great Law of Subordination Considered (1724), an examination of the treatment of servants, and The Complete English Tradesman (1726)Phenomenally industrious, Defoe produced in his last years also works involving the supernatural, The Political History of the Devil (1726) and An Essay on the History and Reality of Apparitions (1727) He died on 26 April, 1731, at his lodgings in Ropemaker's Alley, MAuthor biographies courtesy of Author's C Used with 《鲁滨逊漂流记》取材于苏格兰水手亚力山大·赛尔柯克(Alexander Selkirk)独自在荒岛生活五年的真实经历，是一部回忆录式的冒险小说。主人公鲁滨逊不安于闲适平淡，一心想到海上冒险，19岁时不顾家人反对，私自离家当了水手。遭遇暴风雨时，他曾想到放弃，但一旦适应，他便决心继续冒险。没多久，他们的船受到海盗袭击，鲁滨逊被海盗掳去，沦为摩尔人的奴隶，后来获救随葡萄牙船只前往巴西，在巴西经营过种植园。在一次前往非洲贩奴途中，鲁滨逊所乘船只遭遇风暴触礁，只有鲁滨逊-人幸免于难，流落在一个荒无人烟的海岛上，开始了长达28年2个月零19天的荒岛生活。经历初期的沮丧之后，孤独无依的鲁滨逊没有怨天尤人，而是设法生存，期待将来获得营救离开荒岛。他自制木排，把触礁后尚未沉没的船上的食物、火药、工具等运到岛上，以备使用。他搭建窝篷、狩猎捕鱼、驯养山羊、种粮制磨，还自己烧陶器、缝皮衣、做面包、凿制独木舟。鲁滨逊克服种种困难，在荒岛上生存下来，并且详细记录岛上所发生的每一件事。后来，鲁滨逊从食人生番手中救下一个土著人，给他取名“星期五”。星期五心甘情愿作他的奴隶，成了鲁滨逊忠实的仆人和相依为命的同伴。最后，一艘英国船停泊在附近，鲁滨逊协助船长平息船员哗变，夺回船只，终于得以离开荒岛返回英国。完整的《鲁滨逊漂流记》共有三个部分，本书节选的是前两个部分，在第三部分中鲁滨逊再次离家远行。

没什么用英文：it's nothing例：It's nothing, i just did what i should  这没有什么，我不过是做了我应该做的事情罢了。重点词汇解析nothing英['nʌθɪŋ]；美['nʌθɪŋ] 没有什么；无关紧要的东西；不值钱 毫不；绝不 无；零；无关紧要的事 没前途的；没价值的例：I've done nothing much since this 自从今天上午我什么都没做。例：Around the lake the countryside generally is nothing 那片湖周围的乡村总的来说没什么特别的。扩展资料一、nothing的用法1、nothing用作代词的意思是“没有什么东西”，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。2、nothing还可接形容词、现在分词、动词不定式、介词短语或从句作后置定语。3、nothing作主语时，谓语动词须用单数形式。4、nothing可用来表示“最”，也可以用来表示“整”，常用于人的身高。5、nothing but意为“只有，只不过”，其中but是介词,其后可接名词、动词不定式。二、关于nothing的短语1、nothing but 只有2、have nothing 一无所有3、nothing to do 无所事事4、nothing in 无真实性  5、do nothing 什么也不做

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没有[拼音][meiyou]nothave;aslessthanwithoutfreefrom;freeof相关短语:等于没有tobeequaltonothing/nought/naught没有把握notsureof;notconfident;hazy没有出路tofindoneselfinablindalley;,withoutawayout没有规矩不成方圆N没有结果tocometonothing;togofornothing,withnoresult没有解决的问题anopenquestion;asuspendedproblem没有理由fornothing,uncalled-for没有良心tohavenoconscience没有牵挂freefromcare没有什么了不起notenoughto;notsogreat;nothingtobeimpressedby