红楼梦英语研究论文

2002年10月，南开大学外国语学院和《中国翻译》编辑部联合举办“全国《红楼梦》翻译研讨会”，这是专就一部文学经典的翻译举行的学术会议。大会收到数量较多的论文，这里汇集的是其中的一部分，凑成一个集子，以资纪念。同时，借此机会与学者们互通信息，交流经验，共同推动《红楼梦》的翻译研究。在世界文学史上，有因对具体作家的研究而发展成为一个专门学问的，如，将英国戏剧家莎士比亚研究称为“莎学”，将爱尔兰作家乔伊斯 (JamesJoyce)研究称为“乔学”。因对一本书的研究而发展成专门学问的不多，《红楼梦》是一个。这是文学史上一个特殊的现象。《红楼梦》于乾隆五十六(1791)年第一次刊印，至清朝末年，一些文人把对《红楼梦》的研读和评说称之为“红学”。此后的“红学”经历了一个曲折的发展过程，至于今，已成为一门显学，不仅在中国，在国外也受关注。《红楼梦》作为一部文学经典具有恒久的魅力，它在中国文化里产生、流传，在异域文化里也得到传播——主要通过它的译文得以实现。 目前，《红楼梦》已有十五六种文字的译本。就英语译本看，它的翻译经历了一个较长的历史。陈宏薇教授和江帆在她们合写的《难忘的历程》里说，自 1830年英国皇家学会会员戴维斯翻译《红楼梦》第三回片断开始， 160年来，先后产生了9种英译文。在霍克斯／闵福德和杨宪益夫女王的全译本之前的翻译都是节译，其中以王良志(1927)和王际真 (1929)的译本在推动《红楼梦》在西方流传方面影响较大。20世纪70年代，英国汉学家戴维·霍克斯(DavidHawkes)着手翻译《红楼梦》前80回，由英国企鹅出版公司出版，译文书名为 The StoryO／the Stone，分三卷，第一卷The Golden Days(1973)，包括前26回；第二卷The Crab—Flower Club(1977)，包括27 —53回；第三卷The Warning Voice(1980)，包括54—80回。后来约翰·闵福德(John Minford)继霍克斯翻译了《红楼梦》的后四十回，分两卷出版，第四卷TheDebto／Tears(1982)，包括81—98回；第五卷TheDreamer Wakes(1986)，包括99—120回。20世纪70年代后期，杨宪益(Yang Hsien-yi)和戴乃迭(Glad— ysYang)夫夕]也开始了翻译《红楼梦》的巨大工程，于1978— 1980年由外文出版社(北京)分三卷出版，译文书名为‘4 Dream o／ Red Mansions。《红楼梦》两个英文全译本的出版，不仅是中国和英语国家文化交流的大事，也是文学翻译的大事，它促进了中国古典小说的翻译进程。在此后不到十年的时间里，相继又出版了由詹纳(W．J。 P．Jenner)翻译的《西游记》(／ourneycOthe West，1982)，由沙博里 (SidneyShapiro)翻译的《水浒传》(Outlaws O／the Marsh，1988)，以及由罗伯茨(Moss Roberts)翻译的《三国演义》(Three King— doms，1994)。至此，中国四部古典文学名著的英文全译本已出齐。在推动中国古典文学名著英译并使其形成一个蓬勃发展的形势过程中，《红楼梦》的英译者们是有功劳的。随着《红楼梦》的翻译出版，出现了《红楼梦》翻译批评和研究的好形势。 自戴维·霍克斯于1973年出版第一卷The Golden Days以来，便有人开始写研究《红楼梦》翻译的文章。据不完全统计，到目前就霍克斯／闵福德译本和杨宪益／戴乃迭译本所写的散见于各地的研究文章，已有70余篇，加上这里收集的30几篇，足有100多篇。这期间也有关于《红楼梦》翻译研究的专著问世，如南开大学王宏印教授的《<红楼梦>诗词曲赋英译比较研究》，是《红楼梦》系统研究的一个良好开端。现在研究《红楼梦》翻译的人逐渐多起来，专家学者之外，也有青年教师和研究生。在这种形势下，探讨如何使《红楼梦》的翻译研究深入，也许能够使其成为一个专门的研究课题，为翻译作为一门学科的建设做贡献，这是很值得的。从这里收入的文章看，大体分二种类型。一种是宏观类型的研究，其研究方法突破了以往规定性的“标准一分析一结论”和文本“对等”的单一模式，回到历史和文化的背景中，研究《红楼梦》翻译和当时的历史、政治、文化和文学思潮的互动关系，·体现了以历史地描述和解释为主的科学研究的性质；这一类型里还有关于《红楼梦》翻译的体制、策略、翻译倾向和补偿策略等问题的研究，也是值得重视的问题。另一种是微观类型的研究，多涉及文化和语言层面的问题，以阐释批评的方式对译作和原作以及它们之间的关系进行评价，对译作进行审美的和其他方面的价值判断等。 这两种类型的研究各有自己的功能和价值。宏观方面的研究可以帮助我们认识不同文化之间的交流和理解是经过怎样一个过程实现的；微观方面的研究可以帮助我们思考如何翻译好，如何培养好的译者，以真正实现文化交流的目的。勒菲弗尔(Andr6 Lefe— vere)和巴斯奈特(Susan Bassneff)将这二者比喻为翻译大厦里的两栋房子，没有理由不让它们并肩而立。翻译研究的目的除了对翻译活动进行客观的和科学的描述和解释，还要通过研究翻译过程和翻译作品对翻译进行理论总结，以端正对翻译的认识，提高翻译质量，促进翻译事业的发展。著名红学家冯其庸说：《红楼梦》是一首无韵的《离骚》，也是一部“说”家之绝唱。 自从《红楼梦》问世以后，中国的古典小说再也没有超越它的作品出现了。《红楼梦》是一部“前不见古人，后不见来者”的千古绝唱!读过《红楼梦》的人大概都同意这个意见，甚至连读过《红楼梦》的外国人也持同样的看法。斯洛伐克翻译家玛丽纳·恰尔诺古尔斯卡(Marina Camogul3ka)就说：因为它是一部天才的小说、散文和诗的交响曲，它是一部集所有重要的中国文化之大成的百科全书，它是一部蕴涵重要的人生哲理和世界观的小说——而这样大师级的文学作品在世界上任何别的地方均不存在。《红楼梦》的译者以及未来的《红楼梦》译者们肩负着一个伟大而艰难的使命，即，通过译文让英语读者也能认识到“《红楼梦》是一部‘前不见古人，后不见来者’的千古绝唱”，是一部“在世界上任何别的地方均不存在”的作品。如果我们的译文不能达到这样的境界，那就辜负了这部伟大的作品。 钱谷融先生认为一切文学作品都应该是诗，都应该有诗的意味。他说李白、杜甫的诗篇是诗，曹雪芹的《红楼梦》以及鲁迅的《朝花夕拾》都是诗，研究文学不可忘记文学作品的本质是诗。他的这番话对于翻译的研究者和文学作品的译者有很深的启示：《红楼梦》里“诗的意味”是什么，它是以怎样的形式表现出来或隐含在内，翻译《红楼梦》时如何才能体验和再现它的“诗的意味”。这些涉及到文艺美学也涉及到翻译美学，是《红楼梦》的翻译和研究不可回避的问题。 《红楼梦》的翻译研究虽属个案研究，但在对两种语言、两种文学和文化的对比研究中可以汲取丰富的灵感和资源，用科学的方法加以梳理总结，可以使我们的翻译研究建立在语言、文学和文化对比研究的坚实的基础之上，在对比语言学、对比文化学、文艺美学和翻译诗学等方面有所发现，为翻译学的建设和翻译事业的发展做出自己的贡献In October 2002, Nankai University Foreign Languages Institute and "Chinese Translation" Editorial Department jointly organized the "National" Dream of Red Mansions "translation workshop," This is a classic on the translation of a literary conference held. The General Assembly received a large number of papers collected here are part of, to make up a collection, memento of the occasion. At the same time, and scholars to take this opportunity to share information, exchange experiences and jointly promote the "Dream of Red Mansions" of translation studies. In the history of world literature, a writer because of the specific research and the development of a specialized knowledge of, for example, the British dramatist Shakespeare referred to as the "school-sha", the Irish writer James Joyce (JamesJoyce) study known as "Joe Xue . " Because of a book devoted to research and develop into a little learning, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a. This is a special literary phenomenon. "A Dream of Red Mansions" at 56 Qianlong (1791) published for the first time to the late Qing dynasty, a number of scholars to "A Dream of Red Mansions" and comment on the study called "A Dream of Red Mansions." Since then the "A Dream of Red Mansions" has gone through a tortuous development process, as this has become a significant study, not only in China, in other countries of concern. "A Dream of Red Mansions" as a literary classic with a long-lasting charm, which have a culture in China, spread in a foreign land has been the dissemination of culture - mainly through its President can be achieved. At present, the "Dream of Red Mansions" has been the translation of languages十五六. On the English translation, the translation of it has gone through a long history. And Professor Chen Hongwei Jiang Fan in their co-wrote the "unforgettable journey," said that since 1830 the Royal Society of translation Davis, "A Dream of Red Mansions" to fragment the third year, 160 years ago, has resulted in nine kinds of English translation . In the Hawkes / Min Yang Xianyi Ford and the Queen's husband before the whole translation of the translation section is translated, with Wang Chi (1927) and WANG Ji-Zhen (1929) in promoting the translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" in the West affect the larger circulation. The 20th century, 70's, the United Kingdom戴维霍克斯sinologist (DavidHawkes) start of translation, "A Dream of Red Mansions" before the 80 back, from United Kingdom Penguin Books published the title of President for The StoryO / the Stone, in three volumes, the first volume of The Golden Days (1973), including the former 26 Back; II The Crab-Flower Club (1977), including back to 27 -53; III The Warning Voice (1980), including back to 54-80. Later, John Minford (John Minford) following the Hawkes translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" after the 40 back, in two volumes published in Volume IV TheDebto / Tears (1982), including back to 81-98; TheDreamer V Wakes (1986), including back to 99-120. 70 In the late 20th century, Yang Yi (Yang Hsien-yi) and Gladys (Glad-ysYang) Fu Xi] also began the translation, "A Dream of Red Mansions," the great works, in 1978 - 1980 by Foreign Languages Press (Beijing) published in three volumes, entitled Mr'4 Dream o / Red Mansions. "A Dream of Red Mansions" two of the published English translation of the whole is not only a cultural exchange between China and the major English-speaking countries, but also a major event in literary translation, it has promoted the translation of classical Chinese novels process. Less than a decade in time, have also published by Jenner (W.J. P. Jenner) translation of "Journey to the West" (/ ourneycOthe West, 1982), by the Shapiro-ri (SidneyShapiro) Translation " Outlaws of the Marsh "(Outlaws O / the Marsh, 1988), as well as Roberts (Moss Roberts) translation of the" Romance of the Three Kingdoms "(Three King-doms, 1994). So far, four classical Chinese Literature in English translation has been a homogeneous whole. In promoting the English translation of Chinese Classical Literature and make it into a dynamic growth process, "A Dream of Red Mansions" is the British translator who has the credit of. With the "Dream of Red Mansions" translated and published, there has been "A Dream of Red Mansions," the study of translation criticism and a good situation.戴维霍克斯since the publication of Volume I in 1973, since The Golden Days, people began to write research "A Dream of Red Mansions," the article translated. According to incomplete statistics, the current on the Hawkes / Minford translation and Yang Hsien-yi / Gladys written translation research scattered throughout the articles, there are more than 70 articles, together with the collection of 30 essays here, there are more than 100 feet articles. During this period there are on "A Dream of Red Mansions" Translation Studies monographs available, such as the Nankai University's Professor Wang Hongyin " Poetry A Comparative Study of the English translation of Qu Fu" and "A Dream of Red Mansions" System of a good start. Research is now "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation gradually grown, outside experts and scholars, there are young teachers and graduate students. Under such circumstances, to explore how to make the "A Dream of Red Mansions," the translation of research in depth, may be able to make it a special research topic for the translation as a discipline to contribute to the building, it is worth it. Income from here to see the article, generally divided into two types. One is the macro-type of research, the research methods of breaking through the previous "standard an analysis of a conclusion" and the text of "reciprocity" of single-mode and return to historical and cultural background, the study of "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation and the historical, political, cultural and literary interaction between ideas, reflects the historical description and interpretation of the nature of scientific research-based; this type there are still on "A Dream of Red Mansions" translation system, strategy, Translation compensation trends and issues such as research strategy, one that deserves attention. Another type of study is the micro-, multi-cultural and linguistic level, in order to explain the criticism of the way and the original translation as well as their evaluation of the relationship between, on the translation for aesthetic and other value judgments and so on. Both types of study have their own functions and values. Macro-studies can help us understand the exchange between different cultures and understanding how a process is achieved; micro research can help us to think about how good the translation, how to cultivate a good translator, so as to really achieve the purpose of cultural exchange . Lefebvre (Andr6 Lefe-vere) and Bassnett (Susan Bassneff) compared to the translation of these two buildings in the two houses, there is no reason not to allow them to stand shoulder to shoulder. The purpose of translation studies translation activities in addition to objective and scientific description and explanation, but also by studying the process of translation and translation work on the translation of theoretical summary to correct understanding of translation, translation quality, and promote the development of translation. Yong Feng红学家famous said: "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a non-rhyme of "Li Sao", is also a "say" home of farewell. Since the "Dream of Red Mansions" after launch, the Chinese classical novel does not go beyond it no longer works there. "A Dream of Red Mansions" is a "not before the ancients, the latter were not to" the eternal farewell! Read "A Dream of Red Mansions" who probably agree with this view, and even read the "Dream of Red Mansions" of foreigners, also holds the same view. Slovakia玛丽纳恰尔诺古尔斯卡translator (Marina Camogul3ka) said: because it is a genius of fiction, prose and poetry of the symphony, it is a collection of all the important of the Chinese culture Dacheng Encyclopedia, which is an important implication of the life philosophy and world view of the novel - and this master of literary works in the world do not exist in any other places. "A Dream of Red Mansions" and the future of the translator, "A Dream of Red Mansions" translators are responsible for a great and difficult mission, that is, through the President so that English readers will understand "" A Dream of Red Mansions "is a 'pre - not ancient, but not to those who, after 'the eternal farewell "is a" in the world do not exist in any other places "works. Asked if we can not achieve such a state, then let this great work. Mr. Qian Gurong that all literary works should be poetry, poetry should have the means. He said that Li Bai, Du Fu's poetry is poetry, Cao Xueqin's "Dream of Red Mansions" and Lu Xun's "朝花夕拾" are poetry, literary studies should not forget that the essence of literature is poetry. Translation of his remarks for the researchers and the translator of literary works have a very deep inspiration: "A Dream of Red Mansions" in "means that poetry" is what kind of form it is manifested or implied, including, translation of "A Dream of Red Mansions" how to reproduce it in order to experience and the "means of poetry." These relate to literary aesthetics of translation also involves aesthetics, is "A Dream of Red Mansions" of the translation and study of the problem can not be avoided. "A Dream of Red Mansions", although the translation of research case studies, but in two languages, two types of Comparative Literature and cultural studies can learn a wealth of inspiration and resources to sort out the scientific method to sum up, you can make our translation Research based on language, literature and cultural comparative study on the solid foundation, in contrast to linguistics, comparative culture, literature and art aesthetics and poetics of translation has been found and so on, for the construction of translation studies and translation of the cause of the development of its own contribution to

教你个办法： 英文/《石头的故事》/大卫·霍克思/1973年，由英国企鹅出版社出版/全书80回，3卷，依程乙本为底本，参照其它版本 英文/《红楼梦》/杨宪益（中）、戴乃迭（英）/1978－1979年，北京外文出版社出版/全书120回，3卷，前80回据有正本译，后40回人民文学出版社1959年版译，有戴敦邦插图 这两个最权威！！！ ◆《红楼梦》外文译本 ○文别/书名/译者/时间地点/说明 一、摘译本 日文/《红楼梦序词》/森槐南/1892年4月，刊于《城南评论》/ 摘译第1回楔子，有注释 日文/《红楼梦的一节风月宝鉴辞》/ 岛崎藤村/ 1892年，刊于《女学生杂志》，第321号/ 摘译第12回末尾 日文/《红楼梦摘译》/大高岩/刊《新声》杂志1957年12月至1958年3月/摘译4段 日文/《尤三姐》/野崎俊平、志村良志/刊《文科纪要》第10期，时间不详/摘译65、66回，并注释 泰文/《红楼梦》/不详/约1809－1825年之间 泰文/《红楼梦》/素·古拉玛娄妻子/约1945－1955年之间/在泰国杂志上发表过。 俄文/《红楼梦》/科瓦尼科（德明）/1843年刊于《祖国纪事》第26期/第1回楔子。 德文/《红楼梦》/W·Y·J（丁文渊）/1928年，刊于《中国学》杂志第4期/摘译第21、22回部分情节编成 德文/《红楼梦小说之一回》/弗朗茨·库恩/译原书第18回“元妃省亲”一段，为库恩译本中第15章/刊于1932年《中国学》第7卷，富兰克福大城版。 英文/《中国诗歌》/戴维斯/1830年，刊于亚细亚学会杂志第2卷/第3回宝玉初见黛玉场面及《西江月词》 英文/《红楼之梦》/罗伯特·汤姆/1842年，刊于浙江宁波版《中国话》上/摘译几段供学习华语用 英文/《红楼之梦》/波拉/1868-1869年，刊于《中国杂志》上海版、香港版/摘译前8回 英文/《一个古老的故事》/伊·赫德生/刊于1928年《中国杂志》第8期，上海版/译第4回。译者《引言》中介绍宝黛钗的恋爱故事 英文/《红楼梦;孤鸿零雁记选》/袁家哗、石明译并注/1933年上海北新书局版，中英对照/为《英译中国文学选辑》第二辑 法文/《梦在红楼》/徐颂年（又译作徐仲年）/1933年德拉格拉夫图书公司巴黎版/摘译第17、27、28、31、32回 法文/《红楼梦》/鲍文蔚（中）/1943年，刊于《法文研究》第4期北京版/译第57回，中法文对照。 意大利文/《红楼梦》/马丁·培耐狄克特/1959年《中国》杂志第5期/摘译第1回楔子 二、节译本 日文/《新译红楼梦》（上卷）/岸春风楼/1916年，东京文教社出版/选译前39回 日文/《新译红楼梦》/太宰卫门/1924年，东京三星书社版 日文/《新译红楼梦》/陈德胜/1953年，神户中华文化研究所版/译前60回。 日文/《新编红楼梦》/石原岩彻/1958年，东京春阳堂版/附图 日文/《红楼梦》/富士正晴、武部利男/1968年8月，东京河出书房新一版/“为世界文学全集”第3卷 日文/《红楼梦》/增田涉、松枝茂夫、常石茂/1970年，东京平凡社版/为“奇书丛书”本 日文/《红楼梦》/立间祥介/1971年1月，东京集英社版，7月又有东京平凡社版 日文/《红楼梦》/君岛久子/不详/为儿童版 朝鲜文/《红楼梦》/金龙济/汉城正音出版社1955、1956年出版，1962年再版/再版作为“中国古典文学选集”第11、12卷出版，共2册 朝鲜文/《红楼梦》/金相一/汉城徽文出版社1974年出版/1册，任意分段标题，无回目/为“最新辑世界文学”第13卷，共72章 朝鲜文/《新译红楼梦》/吴荣锡/汉城知星出版社1980年版，回目改单句/共5册/为“中国古典文学系列”之一种 朝鲜文/《曹雪芹红楼梦》/金河中/汉城金星出版社1982年3月出版/共73章，1册/ 附有译者“解说”、“年表” 泰文/《红楼梦》/哇拉它·台吉高/曼谷建设出版社1980年3月出版，共40回/据王际真英文译本译，有洛·拉维旺序 德文/《红楼梦》/弗朗茨·库恩/1932年岛社莱比锡版，又出1948、1951、1956、1974年修订版/意译主要故事，约占全书一半 匈牙利文/《红楼梦》/拉萨尔·乔治/1959年由布达佩斯欧罗巴出版社出版，后有1962年、1964年版/据库恩本转译 罗马尼亚文/《红楼梦》/伊利亚娜·霍杰卡、维利斯库合译/1975年由米纳瓦出版社出版，共39回，3卷本/据人民文学出版社1957年版译 阿尔巴尼亚文/《红楼梦》/不详 英文/《中国小说红楼之梦》/裘里/1892年在香港《中国邮报》版，第1册；1893年由澳门商务排印局出第2册，共56回/从第1回译至第56回，有译者序/英文第一个节译本 英文/《红楼梦》/王良志（中）/1927年于纽约出版，共95章，约60万字 英文/《红楼梦》/王际真（中）/1929年于纽约加登城的布尔戴·多兰公司和伦敦劳特莱基出版公司同时出版/全书39章/此本多次重印，在英语读者中甚有影响 英文/《红楼之梦》/王际真（中）/1958年由吐温公司出版纽约版，增订节译本，改为60章/有马克·万多伦序言 英文/《红楼之梦》/[美]弗洛伦斯·麦克休、伊萨贝尔·麦克休姊妹合译/1957年潘蒂昂公司出纽约版，1958年又出 伦敦版，1975年在美重印/据库恩本转译，有库恩序言，34幅绣像 法文/《梦在红楼》/葵尼/1957年居不勒斯公司出巴黎版/据库恩本转译又有删节，有序 意大利文/《红楼梦》/波维罗、黎却奥合译/1958年由爱诺地公司出多林诺版/据库恩本转译，有原序及马丁·培耐狄克特序 希腊文/《红楼梦》/不详据报道为1963年出版/日文《红楼梦展》第18页记录 荷兰文/《梦在红楼》/沃斯德曼/1946年克罗斯曼书店出版/据库恩本转译 三、全译文 日文/《国译红楼梦》/幸田露伴、平冈龙城合译/1920－1922年，东京国民文库刊行会版，80回，3卷/据有正本译，为“国译汉文大成”本，日汉对照，附图12幅 日文/《红楼梦》/松枝茂夫/1940－1951年出“岩波文库本”14册，岩波书店版；1955年出“世界名著全集”本，东京平凡社出版；1963年再版；1967年东京讲谈社出版/全书120回，前80回据有正本，后四十回据程乙本，有译者注，贾氏世系图 日文/《红楼梦》/松枝茂夫/1978年，新译本，由岩波书店出版，12册/全书120回，12册，每册10回 日文/《私版红楼梦》/饭塜郎/1948年连载于大阪《国际新闻》，后出单行本/据120回本编译 日文/《红楼梦》/伊藤漱平/1958－1960年，东京平凡社作为“中国古典文学全集”出三卷本；1969、1970年又出新译本，1974年重印/全书120回据俞平伯《八十回校本》及附后四十回译出/附谱、图、表等 日文/《私版红楼梦》/饭塜郎/约于1980－1981年由集英出版社出版，作为“世界文学全集”之一/全书120回以人民文学本为底本 朝鲜文/《红楼梦》/李钟泰等人译/约于1884年前后译出/全书120回，120册，每回一册，现存117册，中缺24、57、71回/汉朝对照，原载于汉城昌德宫乐善斋，后藏于藏书阁 朝鲜文/《红楼梦》/李周洪/1969年由汉城乙酉文化社出版，为“中国古典文学选”之一/全书120回，五册，回目为三字单句，卷首有《解说》 朝鲜文/《新译红楼梦》/禹玄民/1982年由汉城瑞文堂出版，为“瑞文文库”本，共6册/全书120回，回目为原文 朝鲜文/《红楼梦》/李钟泰等译/1988年4月由亚细亚文化社影印/以乐善斋本为底本，所缺三回由台湾新陆书局1957年版补配，卷首有李家源序 朝鲜文/《红楼梦新译》/冽上古典研究会译/1988年6月由汉城平民社开始出版/全书120回，8册，附有李家源《乐善斋本》序文 越南文/《红楼梦》/武培煌、陈允泽（前80回）、阮育文、阮文煊（后40回）/1962－1963年，由河内文化出版社出版/全书120回，6册，以人民文学本为底本，卷首有裴杞序 缅甸文/《红楼梦》/吴·妙丹丁/1988年，由新力出版社出版/全书120回，9册，以杨宪益译英文本为底本 俄文/《红楼梦》/帕纳休克、孟列夫（诗词部分）/1958年，苏联国家文学出版社出版/全书120回，2册，书末附贾氏世系“谱树”，书前有费德林的“导言” 捷克文/《红楼梦》/奥·克拉尔/1986－1988年由奥德昂文学艺术出版社出版/全书120回，3册，卷首有译者“前言” 英文/《石头的故事》/大卫·霍克思/1973年，由英国企鹅出版社出版/全书80回，3卷，依程乙本为底本，参照其它版本 英文/《红楼梦》/杨宪益（中）、戴乃迭（英）/1978－1979年，北京外文出版社出版/全书120回，3卷，前80回据有正本译，后40回人民文学出版社1959年版译，有戴敦邦插图 法文/《红楼梦》/李治华、雅克琳娜·阿雷札艺恩合译/1981年由巴黎伽利玛出版社出版/铎尔孟校阅，有译者、艾颠泊尔序/全书120回，2册，前80回据脂评本，后40回据程乙本译，有注、插图 西班牙文/《红楼梦》/何塞·安东尼奥、赵振江（中）修订、改译/1988年，由西班牙格拉纳达大学出版社出版/全书120回，据1982年人民文学出版社新校注本译 [注]以上摘译本种文字，17种版本；节译本12种文字，26种版本；全译本9种文字，19种版本。共17种文字，62种版本。

my favorite book

As a student, we have studied for many years. During these years, we have been studing Chinese, English, science and so on. In this period, with the improvement of our knowledge, we not only read the books in class but also read extracurricular after school. In my opinion Dream of the red chamber is the best book I have read. In this book, the great author Cao xueqin expressed his view about love. He had firmly faith in what is the true love and try to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True Love.He expressed his firm belief on true love. Among different types of love, only one was considered true love.)

A Dream of Red MansionsA Dream of Red Mansions, an ancient novel written by Tsao Hsueh-chin and Kao Hgo; Dream of Red Mansions, an English translation by Yang Hsien-Yi and Gladys Yang, illustrated by Tai Tun-Pang, Volumes I II III, 1,900 pages, hardcover with cloth, Foreign Language Press, Beijing, 1995 The novel as a literary genre has a long history in China, germinating at the time of Wei and Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties (A.D. 220-589), growing apace through Tang and Song, and blossoming forth in full splendor during the Ming and Qing Dynasties with the emergence of some renowned writers and works of which the best known are Luo Guanzhong of late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties and his Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Shi Naian of the same period and his Outlaws of the Marsh, Whu Chenen of Ming Dynasty and his Journey to the West and Cao Xueqin of Qing Dynasty and his book A Dream of the Red Mansions. All these full-length novels are characterized by a plicated and interesting plot, an extensive vista and scope, vivid and realistic characterization and elegant and evocative language, testifying to the high artistic achievement of the authors and the maturity of novel writing in early Chinese literature. These books have enjoyed great popularity among the people and exerted a tremendous influence on their minds. Many of the characters and stories in these novels are known to everyone in China, not excluding housewives and children.

1.介绍上海的购物中心 Shanghai City shopping center covers an area of 66,000 square meters, construction area of 80,000 square meters, total construction area of 360,000 square meters, consists of o grade a Office building to high standards and prehensive shopping mall consisting of a very large. One-stage opening of 80,000 square meters. HongQiao Shanghai City shopping center to promote ＂casual, fashion＂ style, for the Shanghai people, successful people, expatriates provides an elegant environment, cordial and warm to meet the demand for a rich life and taste, leisure, entertainment, dining, shopping, activities, health content plurali *** of international leisure and shopping venues. HongQiao Shanghai City Shopping Center 上海城购物中心占地面积66000平方米，建筑面积80000平方米，总建筑面积360000平方米，由两栋高标准甲级写字楼及一个超大型综合性商场组成。

一期开业80000平方米。

虹桥上海城购物中心以倡导＂都会休闲，引领时尚＂之风格，为上海民众、成功人士、外籍人士提供一个环境优雅、亲切温馨，满足丰富生活与品味需求，具备休闲、娱乐、美食、购物、活动、健康多元内容的国际化休闲购物场所。

2.介绍一个旅游景点 云南昆明 Kunming, Yunnan, it is called spring city, it is very beautiful. North is now far away frozen over, Wanli snow drift, but are feeling that there is winter in Kunming, it is still a profusion of garden flowers spring, blooming Camellia flowers, plum and cherry blossoms that bloom to the interpretation of stone forest in suburbs of Kunming, jiuxiang, West Hill, national village, is a very famous tourist attraction. Qifengguaishi of the stone forest, jiuxiang dangerous, deep, and, strange cave, Longmen, the sleeping beauty mountain, Xishan, have left a deep impression on us.云南昆明，人称春城，确实非常美丽。

北方现在已是千里冰封，万里雪飘了，但在昆明却没有寒冬的感觉，它依然花红柳绿春意盎然，怒放的山茶花，竟相绽放的梅花和樱花演绎着昆明近郊的石林、九乡、西山、民族村，都是非常著名的旅游胜地。

石林的奇峰怪石，九乡的险、幽、雄、奇溶洞，西山的龙门、睡美人山，都给我们留下了深刻的印象。

3.我的大学生活 In College, there will be no more teacher lesson of well-meaning and anti-corrosion of tireless explanation; does not have to do exercises every day and paper; nor every day anxiety, anguish in order to score, ranking sth University will not be from class 5 points out quarters until 10 o'clock in the morning back rest; do not like to see the dream of something but is afraid of being found by the teacher and hide oneself from place to place, even more important is, at the University there are all kinds of activities waiting for you to participate in and experience, which is considered something is a waste of time in high school. In fact, we can learn from these things a lot--textbooks and no knowledge, learn a lot of experience or lessons learned College colorful sth 在大学，不会再有老师苦口婆心的教诲和防腐不知疲倦的讲解；不会有每天做不完的习题和试卷；也不会天天为了分数、名次而焦急、苦恼…… 大学中绝不会有从早上5点出宿舍上课直到晚上10点才回去休息的情况；也不会因为喜欢看《红楼梦》但怕被老师发现而东躲西藏的事情，更重要的是，在大学里有各种各样的活动等着你去参加和体验，而这些在高中都被视为纯属浪费时间的事情。

其实，从这些事情中我们也能学到许多知识——课本里并没有的知识，学到许多经验或是教训，学到大学的丰富多彩……

“四大名著”全称“四大古典文学名著”是“四大奇书”的现代说法，时间自然也不会早了。

因此，“四大名著”（四大奇书）的提法一定是出现在《红楼梦》成书之后。

相较于“奇书”，“名著”的称呼更有文化意味，更强调在文化上的成就，四大名著不是某个人定下来的，而是在流传过程中广大读者研究、解读、衡量后评定出来的，四大名著承载了许多文化精华，在潜移默化中对许多人的思维智慧、为人处世方式产生了影响，对往后社会思潮、社会风气、政治生态变化有着深远影响。

中国的四大名著公认为：《三国演义》（罗贯中）、《水浒传》（施耐庵）、《西游记》（吴承恩）、《红楼梦》（曹雪芹）；（是上世纪50年代人民文学出版社出版这四部名著的时候定名为“四大名著”，从此定名）。

The ＂four famous＂ full name ＂four big classical literature＂ is ＂the four masterpieces＂ of the modern view, time will not be the natural early. Therefore,the ＂four famous＂ (four books) formulation must be appeared in the ＂a dream of Red Mansions＂ into a Book after.Compared to the ＂writing＂, ＂call more cultural meaning of classics＂, moreemphasis on cultural achievements four classic is not a person to settle down,but in the process of circulating readers research, interpretation, measuredafter the asses *** ent, the four famous hosts a number of cultural essence,imperceptibly to many human thinking wisdom, Weirenchushi way influence,has the profound influence on the later social ideological trend, socialatmosphere, change of political ecology.China's four famous recognized as: ＂the romance of the Three Kingdoms＂ (Luo Guanzhong), ＂the Water Margin＂ (Shi Naian), ＂journey to the west＂ (Wu Chengen), ＂a dream of Red Mansions＂ (Cao Xueqin); (is the last century 50'sthe people's Literature Publishing House of the four classics of the time known as the ＂four famous＂. From the name).

推荐杨宪益的。

从事汉诗英译的国人当中，杨宪益可能真的是最好的。

杨宪益的英译之所以好，除了他有在英国留学的经历以及对多国文学的深刻感悟之外，还有一个优势就是他在翻译过程中，如果吃不准某种译法是否地道，他可以随口问坐在他右手边的戴乃迭女士。

一般认为，杨宪益最大的翻译成就是他的《红楼梦》英译。

关於杨宪益的《红楼梦》翻译艺术，冯庆华主编的《红译艺谈》一书，尤其是其中罗平对「红诗」英译的三个章节论述已经相当全面，我在这里只是想补充几条。

有些专家在谈到《红楼梦》的英译本时，声称在西方社会，大卫·霍克斯译本接受度高，杨译本接受度低。

这导致国内一些不知情的人认为杨译本差，霍译本好。

这种看法是片面的。

其实，英美读者出於对自己熟悉的出版社的偏爱，很自然地就会选择非常著名的企鹅出版社的霍译本，而不是中国的外文出版社的杨译本。

在做统计工作时需要以不同的参数来计算。

由於翻译策略上的差异，即使杨译本不如霍译本好，那也不是一般意义上的好坏，而是两个优秀译本之间的差异。

刘朝晖在美国亚利桑那州立大学对学生进行过抽样调查，分析他们对《红楼梦》杨、霍两个英译本的接受情况。

结果显示两个译本在总体上各有千秋。

杨译本偏向於直译，具有文化内涵的词语，在霍译本里被淡化或者转化，在杨译本里都照直译出，所以整体上杨译本的词汇量比霍译本要大很多。

而霍译本文字流畅，有明显的阅读 *** ，但他喜欢使用长句，不太适合当代读者的阅读习惯。

读过两本美国出版的专著，其中提及有关霍译本和杨译本在美国读者中的评价。

一是威廉·倪豪士教授的《中国古典文学手册》，印第安纳大学1986年出版。

这本书称赞杨译《红楼梦》是「完整而准确的」，同时称赞霍译《红楼梦》是「精致的」，认为两个译本同样优秀。

另一本是玛格丽特·贝利教授的《中国古典小说：英语书目笺注》，加兰出版公司1988年出版。

这本书称赞杨译《红楼梦》：「根据各地的读者反馈，杨译本和霍译本都具有很高的价值……学生的评价认为，有时他们更喜欢杨译本，因为它是更加感人的、同情的、贴切的。

」书中还称赞杨译本「在某些方面略胜一筹，如对诗歌的翻译、私密对话的呈现，以及一些描写悲哀、感人的章节。

」...

红楼梦的，希望你喜欢啊 As a student, we have study for many years. During there years, we study Chinese, English, science and so on. In this period, with the improvement of our knowledge, we not only read the books in class but also read extracurricular after school. In my opinion Dream of the red chamber is the best book I have read. In this book, the great author Cao xueqin his view about love. He had firmly faith in what is the true love and try to tell us that there are different kinds of love, only one kind which should be considered as True Love. In a dream, and under mythical circumstances, the main character of the novel, Jia baoyu, met the Fairy Disenchantment in the Land of Illusions. She showed him three ＂registers＂ each containing the names and ＂the happenings in life＂ of 12 girls in his clan. Each girl represents a kind of love. From the stories which are unfolding in the novel, the reader should know the characteristics of the different kinds of love, and should be able to distinguish True Love from the other kinds. True love is acceptance, mittal, mutual and without any post conditions. The love beeen Lin daiyu and Jia baoyu is considered to be True Love. Just saying or hearing I love you is not good enough because talk is cheap. Action in mutual mitment is essential, as we can see in the novel. We always have dreams. What's ours dream? Do you know what you exactly want? And do you work hard for it. In this book, you can taste the feeling of the author about his strong will. In his words, you can find the charm of Chinese. It is not a book, but a precious deposits. You can get a lot from it. But unfortunately, the novel was never ＂pleted＂ to such a state. On the other hand, maybe, it is another kind of beauty of the book. If you have not read this book yet, just go and read it. You will love it.

There is a reading-room in our school.It is a good place for students to stay,only because the reading-room is usually very quiet and it has lots of different books and magazines for students to read.And the books in the reading-room cover the books from different aspects,such as the books about history,arts, geography, philosophy, literature and even math , physics,chemistry, P.E and so on.You may choose whatever books you like in the reading-room.Usually,the reading-room in our school opens at 8:00p.m and closes at 8:00a.m.If you like,you can stay there for the whole day.Of course, you need show your student's card to the library assistant.Then you can surf in the ＂ocean of knowledge＂.You will not be disturbed by anybody. Anybody who used to be a student must have a very good memory of the reading-room.Perhaps,it is the first time for us to read books with lots of people in the same room without any noise.That's a very impression in our minds.

昨天，我们还依偎在父母身边任性；而今，我们开始用自己的眼睛重新发现自己与他人。

告别无邪纯真的童年，我们蓦然发现，生活向我们掀开新的一页，一个丰富多彩的世界展现在我们眼前，那么多的第一次令我们目不瑕接，心情激荡；一切开始改变，仿佛一夜之间，我们被施了魔法一般开始意识到自己的成长，这就是青春的魔力，她正在轻轻地敲开我们的心灵之门。

我突然间发现自己似乎长大了，如小鸟的羽毛日渐丰满，就要向蓝天飞翔；如小树的年轮增添了一圈，就会越发粗壮。

我是中学生了，不愿像风筝，按他人的意图升降，而愿像雄鹰那样搏击长空。

或许我仍会向你调皮地回眸一笑，仍会对 “大风车”全神贯注。

朦胧中的我，一只脚兴冲冲地跨进青春的门槛，另一只脚却在童年的梦中不肯出来。

我是初中生了，不喜欢与同学们一起做游戏，总喜欢背着画夹，提着 “百宝箱”去大自然中写生、采树种。

骄阳似火的夏日，是我翱翔的季节。

蝉声一起，我就迫不及待地换上短装，兴致勃勃地冲下楼去，去吃桑葚，去摘柳条儿编个花篮……“杯水可起千层浪”。

虽然我不太成熟，但我也有一个小世界，拥有一些小秘密。

我会为琐碎小事而发愁，为成绩进步而快乐。

我喜欢月光下的茉莉，喜欢穿一身雪白的衣裙。

我是初中生了，渴望把世界名著通读一遍，阅读一下保尔·柯察金英勇平凡的一生，欣赏一下莎士比亚的人间悲剧，认识一下施耐庵笔下行侠义的梁山好汉，品味一下曹雪芹十年写就的《红楼梦》……我是中学生了，把青春的倩影藏在镜中，不时瞅瞅自己的容颜会不会比其他女孩逊色，身穿着时髦款式的衣裙，在镜前飘然起舞。

我应该……当这种欲望刚刚萌发，似乎有个声音在我耳边低语： “要塑造有个性的自己，去追求自然美！”我是一个中学生了，也开始追逐政治的步伐，将告别红色飘带，准备接受团徽的召唤。

但希望之舟，惟恐经不起风霜的嘲讽，只得暂时 “搁浅”在心中——违心地把崇高的信念表现为表面的满不在乎，掩饰内心的撞击。

然而，我又意识到：13岁的我，对于这些似乎显得成熟过早，但13岁绝不是犹豫彷徨的年龄，而应当在暴风雨中执著追求，促使自己不断进取。

哦，这就是一个初中生，一个正在迈向成熟，却又稚气未脱的13岁女生。

dear sir/mdmMerry Christmas!!! i wish this Christmas will be a memorable one for you. First of all, i would like to express my gratitude for your guidance and patience. You kind words have constantly motivated me to work hard to improve my English （或者别的什么科目，看你老师教什么）. i would like to say a big ＂thank you＂. Without you, i will not be who i am today.i sincerely hope that you will continue to teach me, not only English, but also lessons in life. once again, i wish you a merry Christmas and a happy new year.Yours sincerely,xxx

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