全聚德论文英文文献

QuanjudeFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaQuanjude (全聚德)Quanjude is a famous Chinese restaurant known for its trademark Quanjude Peking Roast Duck and its longstanding culinary heritage since its establishment in 1864 in Beijing, China .Company profile and branchesThe restaurant chain sells over 2 million roast ducks served in 400 different styles to over 5 million customers annually. With annual sales reaching 500 million yuan (US$63m), the company has an estimated value of 8.458 billion yuan (US$1.02b) with 600 million yuan (US$76m) in assets and 700 million yuan (US$89m) in "intangible assets".In ChinaThere are 50 affiliates across China. The first directly-run flagship store opened in Changchun, Jilin Province in January 2007. BeijingQuanjude has eight direct branches and several other franchises in Beijing. The original location operates in Qianmen with its newest branch opening on Silk Street.The seven story restaurant on Hepingmen Ave., was a location that hand-picked by former Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai. Serving up to 5,000 meals a day, this restaurant covers a floor area of 15,000 square meters with over forty private dining rooms and can simultaneously occupy 2,000 guests.Having established a history and affiliation with the Chinese government at the municipal and central state level, Quanjude has often been used to hold state banquets and to receive celebrities, dignitaries, and important government figures from over 200 countries as distinguished VIP guests.Outside ChinaThe newest (and first) franchised restaurant outside China recently opened in Melbourne, Australia. One possible influencing factor may be that Melbourne's Mayor (Mr John So) is of Chinese heritage and Melbourne (and Australia) has a large overseas Chinese population.HistoryQuanjude was established in 1864 during the Qing Dynasty under the reign of the Tongzhi Emperor. Although Peking roast duck can be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty (1206 - 1368), Quanjude's heritage of roast duck preparation - using open ovens and non-smoky hardwood fuel such as Chinese date, peach, or pear to add a subtle fruity flavor with a golden crisp to the skin - was originally reserved for the imperial families.The first Quanjude manager, Yang Renquan, who started out selling chicken and ducks, paid a retired chef from the palace for the imperial recipe. Soon after, Quanjude became the first restaurant in the world to serve roast duck from the imperial kitchen to the common masses. Yang Renquan opened his first, small Dejuquan (得聚全, the first two characters being reversed from the current name) inside Yangrou Hutong in Qianmen (前门), which at the time was one of the busiest areas in Beijing. His restaurant became an instant success and has since grown into the current branch in Qianmen that employs over 400 staff members and can occupy 900 guests at one time. The Qianmen restaurant, along with the many other Quanjude branches, together form one of the largest food enterprises in the nation.Meaning of the nameOnce, when Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai was hosting important foreign guests at Quanjude, one of the guests asked, “What does Quanjude mean?” Premier Zhou answered with a smile, “Quan (全) means perfection without a flaw, Ju (聚) means gathering without departing, and De (德) means virtues to be supreme.” Therefore, Quanjude together implies perfection, union, and benevolence.

我个人觉得 首先在于一个工艺观念上面 KFC的食品本身工艺要求简单 因此即使大规模的传授和培训 也不会对自身的产品造成什么影响 而全聚德不同 他的工艺一直都是密而不宣 尽全力的对自己产品的工艺进行保密 以免流传出去对自身的产品造成冲击 这就从根本上决定了两者的发展潜力 一个工艺简单 完全可以放开手去培训人员 打开市场 一个工艺要求保密 不是核心成员 不会传授 两者的差别 一目了然 其次KFC 将整个工艺 进行了流程化管理 有点类似于流水线作业 一是提高了效率 而是也从一定程度上保密了工艺 因为各自只负责一个程序 无法了解全部工艺 而全聚德 则没有实行这样的管理 基本都是一个师傅负责一种产品的全部工艺 虽然这样的保密效果更好 但是效率方面不可相提并论 也因此限制了全聚德的大面积推广 以上仅仅是我个人的一些想法 可能有出入 希望大家指正麻烦采纳，谢谢!