英语听力论文提纲参考

英语听力论文提纲参考

英语专业的论文提纲模板

导语：在毕业论文的.写作过程中，指导教师一般都要求学生编写提纲。从写作程序上讲，它是作者动笔行文前的必要准备；从提纲本身来讲，它是作者构思谋篇的具体体现。下面我整理了英语专业的论文提纲模板，欢迎参考借鉴！

Chapter One Influencing Factors of Creative Treason

1.1The Background of Gone with the Wind

1.1.1The Author's Life and Emotional Experience

1.1.2The Development of the Feminist Movement

1.1.3The Influence of Economic Crisis

1.2The Background of the Translator

1.3The Reader's Expectations and the Ability to Accept

Chapter Two Creative Treason and Translator Style

2.1The Selection and Use of Words

2.1.1Logical Symbolthe Usage of Idioms

2.1.2Aesthetic Symbolthe Usage of Reduplication

2.2Sentences5 Structure and Modalitythe Usage of Parallel Construction

2.3Paragraphs' Logic and Combination

2.4Rhetoric's Device and Style

2.5Register's Transition

2.5.1Witticisms, Slangs and Fixed Collocations

2.5.2Black Identity

2.6Reappearance of Narrative Style

Chapter Three The Limitation of Translator Style

Chapter Four The Sociality of Creative Treason

4.1Culture Significance

4.2Social Significance

4.3Translators' Effort

Conclusion

This article conclusion

Creative treason develops a new domain for literary translation. In this thesis, thebackground of main factors was taken as the entry point. Through analyzing thebackground of tiie original, translator and readers we got the result that affected byvarious factors especially different background the creative treason in literary translationis objective and inevitable. By reason of existence of creative treason, it is possible toform the unique translation style in the translation process. Based on parsing FuDonghua's version of Gone with the Wind,this study analyzes translator style from sixaspects and has proved the existence of translator style. Retoning to the ultimate purposemotivation of translation, we should affirm that the translation work which is in theframework of the original and makes recreations for the need of target readers is thehigh-quality one.

Behind two literary works are two different languages, behind two languages are twodifferent cultures,after discussing the translator style which is based on the languageexchange we should see the most fundamental factor is the cultural differences, which isone of the social significance of creative treason. Just as Escarpit states, all thetranslations are the result of creative treason. So the social significance of translation isalso creative treason V In the process of social development the role of translation can notbe replaced and the creative treason's function should be paid more attention to. For theexistence of creative treason, we can not ignore the hard work and efforts the translatorsdo,it should be folly admitted and respected.

In addition to translation activities, in the field of other social life, we can still findthe creative treason. There are some subjective factors which are mixed into theunderstanding and judgment of object,that's why different people have differentcognitions for the same thing. Therefore, in the process of recognizing the world creativetreason always exists- This can be the new point of creative treason's socialization, enrichthe connotation of the concept and extend the social significance of creative treason.

求?《如何有效提高中学生英语听力》 这篇论文提纲怎么写

你好同学，。
一
中学生英语听力的现状
二 中学生英语听力存在的问题
三
提高中学生英语听力的措施
然后分别展开，针对问题提出相应的对策，要是还是不会就留个扣扣，我教你。

求英语专业毕业论文提纲

　　根据学术堂的了解。论文提纲是作者构思谋篇的具体体现，便于作者有条理地安排材料、展开论证。有了一个好的提纲，就能纲举目张，提纲挈领，掌握全篇论文的基本骨架，使论文的结构完整统一;就能分清层次，明确重点，周密地谋篇布局，使总论点和分论点有机地统一起来;也就能够按照各部分的要求安排、组织、利用资料，决定取舍，最大限度地发挥资料的作用。下面给大家分享如果写好英语专业毕业论文提纲：

　　1、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作方法

　　（1）先拟标题；

　　（2）写出总论点;

　　（3）考虑全篇总的安排:从几个方面，以什么顺序来论述总论点，这是论文结构的骨架;

　　（4）大的项目安排妥当之后，再逐个考虑每个项目的下位论点，直到段一级，写出段的论点句(即段旨);

　　（5）依次考虑各个段的安排，把准备使用的材料按顺序编码，以便写作时使用；

　　（6）全面检查，作必要的增删。

　　2、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作要求

　　论文提纲由作者在完成论文写作后，纵观全文，写出能表示论文主要内容的信息或词汇，这些信息或词汇，可以从论文标题中去找和选，也可以从论文内容中去找和选。例如上例，关键词选用了6个，其中前三个就是从论文标题中选出的，而后三个却是从论文内容中选取出来的。后三个关键词的选取，补充了论文标题所未能表示出的主要内容信息，也提高了所涉及的概念深度。需要选出，与从标题中选出的关键词一道，组成该论文的关键词组。

　　3、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作标准

　　·页码:封面不编页。

　　·从目录开始编页，目录使用阿拉伯数字编码，页码编号要求居中。;

　　·用A4纸单面打印。上、下各为2.5cm,左右边距为2cm;装订线为1cm。

　　·对页眉没有固定要求。

　　4、英语专业毕业论文提纲字体设置说明

　　·一级标题使用"宋体、三号、加粗"

　　·二级标题使用"宋体、四号、加粗"

　　·三级标题使用"宋体、小四号、加粗"

　　·四级标题使用"宋体、小四号"

　　·建议标题最好不要超过三级，否则适得其反，格式太乱。

　　·正文一律使用"宋体、小四号字，行间距为1.5倍。

　　5、英语专业毕业论文提纲写作原则

　　(1)要有全局观念，从整体出发去检查每一部分在论文中所占的地位和作用。看看各部分的比例分配是否恰当，篇幅的长短是否合适，每一部分能否为中心论点服务。比如有一篇论文论述企业深化改革与稳定是辩证统一的，作者以浙江××市某企业为例，说只要干部在改革中以身作则，与职工同甘共苦，可以取得多数职工的理解。从全局观念分折，我们就可以发现这里只讲了企业如何改革才能稳定，没有论述通过深化改革，转换企业经营机制，提高了企业经济效益，职工收入增加，最终达到社会稳定。

　　(2)从中心论点出发，决定材料的取舍，把与主题无关或关系不大的材料毫不可惜地舍弃，尽管这些材料是煞费苦心费了不少劳动搜集来的。有所失，才能有所得。一块毛料寸寸宝贵，舍不得剪裁去，也就缝制不成合身的衣服。为了成衣，必须剪裁去不需要的部分。所以，我们必须时刻牢记材料只是为形成自己论文的论点服务的，离开了这一点，无论是多少好的材料都必须舍得抛弃。

　　(3)要考虑各部分之间的逻辑关系。初学撰写论文的人常犯的毛病，是论点和论据没有必然联系，有的只限于反复阐述论点，而缺乏切实有力的论据;有的材料一大堆，论点不明确;有的各部分之间没有形成有机的逻辑关系，这样的论文都是不合乎要求的，这样的论文是没有说服力的。为了有说服力，必须有虚有实，有论点有例证，理论和实际相结合，论证过程有严密的逻辑性，拟提纲时特别要注意这一点，检查这一点。

　　(4)论文的基本结构由序论、本论、结论三大部分组成。序论、结论这两部分在提纲中部应比较简略。本论则是全文的重点，是应集中笔墨写深写透的部分，因此在提纲上也要列得较为详细。本论部分至少要有两层标准，层层深入，层层推理，以便体现总论点和分论点的有机结合，把论点讲深讲透。

　　6、英语专业毕业论文提纲撰写步骤

　　（1)确定论文提要，再加进材料，形成全文的概要论文提要是内容提纲的雏型。一般书、教学参考书都有反映全书内容的提要，以便读者一翻提要就知道书的大概内容。我们写论文也需要先写出论文提要。在执笔前把论文的题目和大标题、小标题列出来，再把选用的材料插进去，就形成了论文内容的提要。

　　(2)原稿纸页数的分配

　　写好论文的提要之后，要根据论文的内容考虑篇幅的长短，文章的各个部分，大体上要写多少字。如计划写20页原稿纸(每页300字)的论文，考虑序论用1页，本论用17页，结论用1-2页。本论部分再进行分配，如本论共有四项，可以第一项3-4页，第二项用4-5页，第三项3-4页，第四项6-7页。有这样的分配，便于资料的配备和安排，写作能更有计划。毕业论文的长短一般规定为5000-6000字，因为过短，问题很难讲透，而作为毕业论文也不宜过长，这是一般大专、本科学生的理论基础、实践经验所决定的。

　　(3)编写提纲

　　论文提纲可分为简单提纲和详细提纲两种。简单提纲是高度概括的，只提示论文的要点，如何展开则不涉及。这种提纲虽然简单，但由于它是经过深思熟虑构成的，写作时能顺利进行。没有这种准备，边想边写很难顺利地写下去。

　　(4)修改提纲

　　提纲写好后，还有一项很重要的工作不可疏忽，这就是提纲的推敲和修改，这种推敲和修改要把握如下几点。一是推敲题目是否恰当，是否合适;二是推敲提纲的结构。先围绕所要阐述的中心论点或者说明的主要议题，检查划分的部分、层次和段落是否可以充分说明问题，是否合乎道理;各层次、段落之间的联系是否紧密，过渡是否自然。然后再进行客观总体布局的检查，再对每一层次中的论述秩序进行"微调"。

　　7、英语专业毕业论文提纲格式

　　1）论文题目:要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。

　　2）目录:目录是论文中主要段落的简表。(短篇论文不必列目录)

　　3）提要:是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。

　　4）关键词或主题词:关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在"提要"的左下方。

　　主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。

　　5）论文正文:

　　(1)引言:引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。

　　（2)论文正文:正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容:

　　a.提出-论点;

　　b.分析问题-论据和论证;

　　c.解决问题-论证与步骤;

　　d.结论。

　　6）一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-2005文后参考文献著录规则》进行。

　　中文:标题--作者--出版物信息(版地、版者、版期):作者--标题--出版物信息

　　所列参考文献的要求是:

　　(1)所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。

　　(2)所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。

　　论文提纲也可以用最简单的格式和分类，简单明了地说明论文的目的、依据和意义，甚至是两句话。这种提纲往往是用于科学论文，而且在对于各种概念有相互联系而不是孤立的出来讨论的情况下。如果总要分出1、2、3......点来写的话，往往会变成"八股文"的模式，这样的论文往往是应付式的论文，其真正的科学价值会大打折扣。

英语专业论文提纲样本

英语专业论文提纲范文样本

下面是我整理的英语专业论文提纲范文样本，希望对大家有所帮助。

Class XXX Number XXX Name XXX

Abstract: Nida， a famous translator， says， "For truly successful translation， it is much more important to familiarize two cultures than master two languages， because words are assigned meanings in its particular cultures."(Background information) This is to say， translation is closely related with not only languages but also cultures. Studies of the cultural distinction in idiom translation are still relatively weak in the field of translation in China. Exclusive research on the translation of Chinese and English idioms is still incomplete. In the last twenty years， idiom translation has mostly emphasized the level of inter-lingual communication， but cultural differences were rarely involved in it.(Identify problem) This thesis analyses the cultural differences in Chinese and English idioms， then studies English-Chinese\Chinese-English idiom translation methods(Research subject) from the angle of culture(Method) and points out some warnings concerning idiom translation: pay attention to context and choose the right version in line with the style and meaning of the original passage(Results); culture is a whole way of life， when new culture emerges， new idioms also appear， therefore idiom translation should develop with the time.(Conclusion)

Key Words: idioms; culture; translation

论英汉文化背景下的习语翻译

摘要: 著名翻译学家奈达指出:“对于真正成功的翻译而言，熟悉两种文化甚至比掌握两种语言更为重要，

因为词语只有在其作用的文化背景下才有意义。”也就是说，翻译不仅与语言有关也和文化有关。习语翻译中对文化差异的研究在中国的翻译领域中仍然较弱，专门对中英习语翻译的研究还不很完善。近20年来，习语翻译大多强调语际的交流，而很少涉及文化差异。本文通过分析中英习语的文化差异，进而从文化角度研究中英习语翻译方法，并指出中英习语翻译要注意的问题:联系上下文，选择与原文风格，意思相符的`翻译;文化是一种生活方式，文化在变化，出现新的习语，习语翻译要与时俱进。

关键词： 习语;文化;翻译

1. Introduction

Idioms universally exist in every language. An Idiom is a word or an expression

that cannot be literally translated from the source language into the target language because its idiomatic meaning cannot be understood by literally defining its component parts.(Background) In a broad sense， idioms contain set phrases， proverbs， colloquialisms， slangs， maxims， allusions， etc. (YinLi， 2007:9) In Chinese， they also include enigmatic folk similes. Newmark， a British translation theorist， in his work A Textbook of Translation， said， "I define as culture the way of life and his manifestation that are peculiar to a community that uses a peculiar language as its means of expression. "(Previous research) English Idioms derives from English cultures and daily life. In real context， idioms explain themselves: nine times out of ten they carry their own explanations. If we are unaware of these， we will find ourselves in a state of confusion since we will assign literal meaning to them. The Chinese Idioms， especially the four-character idioms， have their own unique origins which are closely correlative to the Chinese history and cultures. In view of the difficulties in understanding idioms， we should pay due attention and efforts to understand their cultures and customs. This thesis is designed to dig into the cultural differences between Chinese and English and then elaborates on the translation theories applied to idioms. (Subject + Method)

2. A Comparison Between English and Chinese Idioms

2.1 The Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms 2.1.1 Geographical Conditions

The formation of culture is closely related with natural geographical conditions. A specific geographical environment produces a specific culture， which also leads to a particular expression.

Great Britain covers islands including the Northern one-sixth of the island of

Ireland between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea， northwest of France. It has a moist climate with much rainfall. Rivers and lakes are numerous. No wonder that fishery is thriving and most important in Britain. Accordingly， idioms concerning fish and navigation constitute a great part in English idioms. (LiYuping， 2008:20)(Theory/Results of previous research)

For example， "like a fish out of water". If you feel like fish out of water， you feel awkward and uncomfortable because you are in an unusual and unfamiliar situation. Fish in the air 缘木求鱼 An odd fish 怪人 Miss the boat 错过机会

Trim the sails to the wind 顺势前进

A small leak will sink a great ship 小洞不补要沉大船 (Examples)

On the other hand， China is located in the Asian Continent and reputed as an agricultural country with a large population of peasants. It is not surprising to find many idioms relevant to farming， such as "骨瘦如柴，对牛弹琴， 众人拾柴火焰高，竹篮打水一场空......". Chinese people also have a mysterious and awe feeling for sea， so they have idioms like "海角天涯，海枯石烂，海阔天空，海底捞针，海市蜃楼......". (Analysis)

2.1.2 History

2.2 The Similarities Between English and Chinese Idioms

2.2.1 Colours

2.2.2 Numbers

3. Methods of Idiom Translation

Translation is far more than a science. It is also a skill， and at the ultimate analysis， fully satisfactory translation is always an art. (Nida， 1982:49) Translation is considered as the cultural bridge and media between two languages. As there are wide differences in vocabulary and syntax between English and Chinese， translation is no easy job. Therefore， in order to keep the flavor of the original as well as cater for both the Chinese and English languages， translation skills should be reasonably employed in the process of translating， such as the following translating methods:

3.1 Literal Translation

3.2 Free Translation

3.3 Translation with Notes

3.4 Replacement with Similar Idioms

3.5 The Translation of Corresponding Idioms with the Same Meaning

3.6 A Combination of Literal and Free Translation

4. Some Warnings Concerning Idiom Translation

5. Conclusion

One of the major characteristics identifying us as human is our ability to use language. Language plays a very important role in people’s daily life; it enables people communicate with each other and understand others' feelings. Language has close relations with culture. It is impossible to separate language from culture. As the essence of language， idioms also have close relations with culture. The contents of them range from society， history， psychology to customs and other various social phenomena. So， in the process of translation， translators should pay more attention to the cultural factors， in doing this， he can dig up the implicit meanings. (Conclusion of research) Only the cultural factors are concerned， translators can have a satisfactory translation. Besides， people should get acquaintances with the cultural background when using idioms to avoid embarrassment in communication. (Suggestions)

References

[*] 作者. 书名(英语的斜体). (出版地：)出版社，年份：参考内容页码 [*] 作者. 文章名(英语的斜体). 刊物名称. (出版地：)出版社，年份

[1] Li Mei. Mother tongue and translation. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press，2008

[2] Li Qingming. A Comparison of the Cultures between the Chinese and English Language. Xi'an: Northwest University of technology Press， 2007

[3] Nida Eugene. The theory and Practice of Translation. Leiden: E. J. Brill， 1982

[4] Nida Eugene. Language， Culture， and Translating. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press， 1993

[5] Susan Bassnett， Andre Lefevere. Translation， History， Culture. Shanghai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press， 1987

[6] Luo Shiping. A Research on English Idioms. Shanhai: Shanhai Foreign Language Education Press， 2006

[7] Li Yuping. English Idioms and their Cultural Origin. Tianjin: Nankai University Press， 2008

[8] Yin Li. English-Chinese Idioms and Folk Culture. Beijing: Bejing university Press， 2007

[9] Zhang Yajun. A Kaleidoscope of Chinese Culture. Beijing: Sinolingua， 2008\

[10] 李云(Li Yun).《新编大学翻译教程》. 北京：世界知识出版社， 2007 [11] 马爱英(Ma Aiying).《中英文化翻译》. 北京：科学出版社， 2006