[1] 熊秋菊. 一曲美丽而苍凉的哀歌——论《半生缘》的审美风格[J]. 沧桑, 2006,(02) . [2] 秦军,王旭. 论张爱玲小说中的悲剧人生[J]. 黑河学刊, 2006,(01) . 中国期刊全文数据库 共找到 7 条[1] 陈坤. 母爱的缺失——张爱玲小说世界的“审母”情结[J]. 北华大学学报(社会科学版), 2008,(04) . [2] 胡晓虹. 谈《半生缘》的自然主义色彩[J]. 福建商业高等专科学校学报, 2006,(04) . [3] 徐娜. 浅析《金锁记》中女性的命运[J]. 安徽文学(下半月), 2008,(05) . [4] 尹正纯. 张爱玲小说中男性人物形象分析[J]. 保山师专学报, 2008,(06) . [5] 张英. 浅析张爱玲读者接受心理特点[J]. 辽宁工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2008,(02) . [6] 闫云霄,马芳. 电影《半生缘》改编的遗憾[J]. 徐州教育学院学报, 2006,(04) . [7] 高园园. 谈《半生缘》的舞台表现手法[J]. 戏剧-中央戏剧学院学报, 2005,(03) . [1] 田春林. 悲欢半生缘苍凉一世情——读张爱玲《十八春》[J]. 青春男女生(少年作家), 2006,(06) . [2] 袁瑾. 永未言尽的苍凉故事——从《半生缘》品读张爱玲小说的悲剧意味[J]. 沙洋师范高等专科学校学报, 2002,(05) . [3] 林幸谦. 《半生缘》再解读:姐妹情谊的反动与女性冲突主题[J]. 海南师范学院学报(人文社会科学版), 2000,(01) . [4] 麦凤庄. 救赎与毁灭——以曼桢为例浅谈对《半生缘》的女性价值反思[J]. 贵州文史丛刊, 2006,(03) . [5] 邓筠!96(2)班. 回不去的《半生缘》──张爱玲小说阅读笔记[J]. 南京师范大学文学院学报, 2000,(01) . [6] 袁瑾. 悲剧人生 苍凉最美——从《半生缘》品读张爱玲小说的悲剧意味[J]. 天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2003,(03) . [7] 熊秋菊. 一曲美丽而苍凉的哀歌——论《半生缘》的审美风格[J]. 沧桑, 2006,(02) . [8] 王朝彦. 读张爱玲的《十八春》及《半生缘》[J]. 中南民族学院学报(人文社会科学版), 2001,(03) . [9] 胡晓虹. 谈《半生缘》的自然主义色彩[J]. 福建商业高等专科学校学报, 2006,(04) . [10] 张廷山. 评《半生缘》兼析张爱玲小说的审美特征[J]. 中共郑州市委党校学报, 2005,(02) .
《重读张爱玲》 上海书店出版社由陈子善教授所编，夏志清、李欧梵、刘绍铭、陈建华等多位名家著述的《重读张爱玲》，这是迄今为止海内外第4部张爱玲研讨会论文集。本书收录有张爱玲研究者最新的研究成果25篇，研究领域侧重张爱玲晚年的创作与研究，包括她晚年创作的小说《同学少年都不贱》，晚年从事的《海上花列传》英译，对长篇小说《十八春》的修订，在电影剧本创作上的风格与得失等等，力图展示近年“张学”研究的新成果和新趋势。 《平视张爱玲》全面总结张爱玲的文学成就和创作特色，梳理其美学和文学理念，还张爱玲一个更真实更具亲和力的形象。书中还收录了作者对张氏作品和人物形象的探讨文章，文采斐然，可堪一读。《张爱玲私语录》张爱玲文学遗产执行人宋以朗将其父母宋淇、宋邝文美与传奇作家张爱玲四十年间的三百多封通信内容加以整理，编成《张爱玲私语录》一书，即日由北京十月文艺出版社出版。本书记载了张爱玲与宋淇夫妇真挚坚固、相知相扶的情谊，也为张学贡献了新的研究资料。一般读者只知道张爱玲和炎樱等关系亲密，却多半忽略了宋淇夫妇才是她下半生最信任的好友，《张爱玲私语录》即是体现他们半世纪交往的友情之书。本书内容丰富，包括大量图片、张爱玲遗嘱手稿等珍贵资料，不仅呈现了张爱玲在海外的生活境况，也对其晚期创作心路历程有具体的描述，是目前了解张爱玲海外生活最重要的作品，也是解开诸多张学研究谜团的重要线索。透过这些内容，我们将看到一个更立体、更生活化、更真实的张爱玲。 如果想了解张爱玲的爱情生活 《今生今世》和《小团圆》可以对照看英文文献 用知网搜就可以了 不过得是会员或者用高校图书馆连接希望对你有帮助！
安意如有一本书，名字忘掉了，读起来不错，
长篇：半生缘，多少恨，倾城之恋，十八春，怨女。怨女是我的最爱散文：爱，打人，道路以目，到底是上海人，更衣记，公寓生活记趣，借银灯，双声，私语，雨伞下，造人，，等等，，这些本人喜欢，，，中篇：不辛的她，霸王别姬，等，创世纪，封锁，留情，，，相见欢，，，等等。。。很多的呢，，这些我本人喜欢
[1] 熊秋菊. 一曲美丽而苍凉的哀歌——论《半生缘》的审美风格[J]. 沧桑, 2006,(02) . [2] 秦军,王旭. 论张爱玲小说中的悲剧人生[J]. 黑河学刊, 2006,(01) . 中国期刊全文数据库 共找到 7 条[1] 陈坤. 母爱的缺失——张爱玲小说世界的“审母”情结[J]. 北华大学学报(社会科学版), 2008,(04) . [2] 胡晓虹. 谈《半生缘》的自然主义色彩[J]. 福建商业高等专科学校学报, 2006,(04) . [3] 徐娜. 浅析《金锁记》中女性的命运[J]. 安徽文学(下半月), 2008,(05) . [4] 尹正纯. 张爱玲小说中男性人物形象分析[J]. 保山师专学报, 2008,(06) . [5] 张英. 浅析张爱玲读者接受心理特点[J]. 辽宁工业大学学报(社会科学版), 2008,(02) . [6] 闫云霄,马芳. 电影《半生缘》改编的遗憾[J]. 徐州教育学院学报, 2006,(04) . [7] 高园园. 谈《半生缘》的舞台表现手法[J]. 戏剧-中央戏剧学院学报, 2005,(03) . [1] 田春林. 悲欢半生缘苍凉一世情——读张爱玲《十八春》[J]. 青春男女生(少年作家), 2006,(06) . [2] 袁瑾. 永未言尽的苍凉故事——从《半生缘》品读张爱玲小说的悲剧意味[J]. 沙洋师范高等专科学校学报, 2002,(05) . [3] 林幸谦. 《半生缘》再解读:姐妹情谊的反动与女性冲突主题[J]. 海南师范学院学报(人文社会科学版), 2000,(01) . [4] 麦凤庄. 救赎与毁灭——以曼桢为例浅谈对《半生缘》的女性价值反思[J]. 贵州文史丛刊, 2006,(03) . [5] 邓筠!96(2)班. 回不去的《半生缘》──张爱玲小说阅读笔记[J]. 南京师范大学文学院学报, 2000,(01) . [6] 袁瑾. 悲剧人生 苍凉最美——从《半生缘》品读张爱玲小说的悲剧意味[J]. 天津大学学报(社会科学版), 2003,(03) . [7] 熊秋菊. 一曲美丽而苍凉的哀歌——论《半生缘》的审美风格[J]. 沧桑, 2006,(02) . [8] 王朝彦. 读张爱玲的《十八春》及《半生缘》[J]. 中南民族学院学报(人文社会科学版), 2001,(03) . [9] 胡晓虹. 谈《半生缘》的自然主义色彩[J]. 福建商业高等专科学校学报, 2006,(04) . [10] 张廷山. 评《半生缘》兼析张爱玲小说的审美特征[J]. 中共郑州市委党校学报, 2005,(02) .
基本都是有情爱的。只有一个是很极端的，曹七巧，金锁记里面的住人公。这个是一个很好的切入点和讨论重点。海内外，张的名声，一部分就是这个人物撑起来的。其他的还有本来有，又失去了的：茉莉香片里的聂传庆（男的）沉香屑：第一炉香里的葛薇龙沉香屑：第二炉香里的愫西散戏里的女主人公。（丧失了爱）同学少年都不贱里面的几个女人都又点不正常我想到的久这些了。张的文章里面缺失是少的
CLOTHING MARKET : The UK retail clothing market was worth $43 billion in 2000, having grown by just since 1999. Women’s, girls' and children's clothing account for the major share of the market, making up of the total value. The increase in working women might have been expected to cause an upsurge in demand for smart clothing, but a major feature of the market has been a trend towards dressing down. Men's tailors, such as Moss Bros Group and Austin Reed Group, have suffered from the demise of the formal suit, while the retail chain Ted Baker, which targets the 18-25 year old market, has embraced the trend and recently recorded a pre-tax profit margin almost four times that of the industry average. In the world of UK fashion, it is the ability to identify and respond immediately to trends that is all-important. Textile manufacturing is in serious decline and clothing retailers continue to find trading conditions difficult in the face of weak consumer demand and heavy discounting. Marks and Spencer, Arcadia Group, BhS Ltd, and Moss Bros Group are among the stores struggling to maintain their position. Meanwhile, the Dutch multiple chain C&A has admitted defeat and has now completely withdrawn from the British market. It is companies such as these, competing in the middle market, which are finding business so hard, since the market favors either value or premium brands. Those that are thriving include discount chains such as Matalan, Peacock's and Primark Stores, which are expanding rapidly and are predicted to increase their market share. With depressed demand and the prevalence of discounters, UK clothing retailing is expected to see modest growth in the near future. The market value is expected to reach $51 billion by 2005, an increase of 19% from 2000. MARKET OVERVIEW The main sectors in the market for clothing retailing are Outerwear, Underwear and Hosiery. Outerwear includes men's shirts, suits, jackets, smart trousers, coats, sweaters, T-shirts and jeans. Women's dresses, blouses and skirts also fall under this category. Underwear is made up of briefs and vests for men, womens lingerie - panties, corsetry, petticoats, teddies and camisoles. Hosiery covers men's, women's and children's socks, and women's pantyhose and stockings Expenditure on clothing, as well as having to compete with other durable and non-durable household goods, is threatened by increased expenditure on leisure, travel and financial services, including savings. Figures show that spending on clothing as a percentage of total household expenditure has dropped from percent in 1995 to percent in 2000. The popularity of heavy discounting stores is likely to be a factor in this decline. MARKET TRENDS A Diminishing Mid-Price Market The chain of C&A has been one of the casualties of an ongoing shrinking of the mid-price clothing market. Consumers are now tending towards the budget end of the market, which is targeted by companies such as Primark, Peacock's and Matalan, or the designer, premium-priced extreme. The mid-market has consequently become very competitive, with the struggles of Marks and Spencer, Arcadia Group and BhS to retain market share being well documented. Designer Outlets The first Designer Outlet centre opened in 1995. There are now several such centres that offer discounts of up to 50% on branded fashionwear, footwear, accessories, and housewares. Discount retailing is an important and growing part of several retail markets, and clothing is no exception. Gap, Tommy Hilfiger and Nike are among the names operating in these shopping `villages'. So called 'Off-Price' clothing is said to account for around 30% of the . clothing market. Although it is still a relatively immature part of the UK market, it is expected to grow rapidly as both established and new retailers (. Marks and Spencer and Matalan) plan to set up discount stores and enter the shopping villages. Informality Modern lifestyles, on the whole, have become much less formal, a trend reflected in clothing. While some places of work may maintain a strict dress code, they are fewer and further between — especially in the information technology industry. Many offices have a policy of `dress down Friday' where it is quite acceptable, indeed expected, to dress casually. This attitude extends into social life. Certainly some clubs and restaurants insist on a formal dress code, but many more think it unnecessary. A prime example of this movement toward informality is the huge resurgence in the denim market. UK sales of denim clothing in 2000 shot up by 8% on the previous year to reach $ billion. Sportswear Participation in sports has increased over the long term, and there is a high level of branding in sports clothes. A particular feature of the sports clothing sector is its acceptability as leisurewear, whether or not any participation in sport is intended. With the growing trend towards informality, the sportswear market is set to grow. This is evident on the UK High St with the entrance of . chains such as Footlocker. Brand Extension In the fiercely competitive UK retail market, the extension of an established brand name into other products has become common practice. This trend is becoming more popular in the clothing industry. For example, Oasis Stores PLC has developed an own-brand toiletries range, launched in October 1999. Meanwhile, designer Tommy Hilfiger has introduced new fragrances targeted at young adults. Other clothes chains with cosmetics, skincare or fragrance ranges include Ted Baker, French Connection Retail Ltd and Karen Millen Ltd. This kind of brand extension is continuing as more and more retailers are following the trend in an effort to compete with each other and offer their customers a complete product range. High street retailer H & M (Hennes and Mauritz) have recently launched a range of cosmetics and cosmetic accessories. Technology in Textiles Before the 1940s, clothes were made of wool, silk or cotton. The 1950s saw the introduction of synthetic fibres that would revolutionise the industry. Elastane microfibres, such as Lycra and Tactel, combine the qualities of stretch and control while being comfortable, durable and easy to care for. Manufacturers now claim to produce fabrics with other characteristics, such as anti-bacterial or moisturising properties, even cellulite-reducing hosiery. As a result of these changes in textile technology, prices are likely to increase, therefore assisting in growing the value of the market. Awareness of Fashion Marks and Spencer, BhS, and Mothercare have lost market share in the children's clothing market to Woolworths, ASDA Group Ltd and Next. Young people are becoming more fashion conscious at a younger age, and shun the somewhat conservative and old-fashioned image of traditional shops. This is in favour of those with a more trendy image, such as Gap, Next and Miss Selfridge. Similarly, older, and often affluent, consumers remain fashion conscious. The product offering for those older consumers wanting to appear in tune with fashion, has improved in recent years. Previously it was almost non-existent, especially at the cheaper end of the market. Larger Sizes Research has shown that British women are now taller, and more curvaceous, than in the past. This trend has been confirmed by bra manufacturer, Triumph, which has found that the average bra size has grown from a 34B to a 36C in less than a decade. Accordingly, Marks and Spencer, for one, is to use a UK size 14 (US size 10) rather than UK size 12 (US size 8) as its base model. Size 14 bust, waist and hip measurements have also been increased. With 62 percent of women in the UK wearing a UK size 14 (. size 10) or larger, there are undoubtedly opportunities for growth in the larger size clothing market. IMPORTS An estimated two-thirds of the value of the UK clothing market is imported, a percentage that is increasing as more countries with low-cost labour join the supply chain. Traditional sources, primarily Hong Kong and India, are now facing competition from countries such as Morocco and Romania. There is, however, some variation across the product sectors. Germany, Italy and Hong Kong are principal sources of women's, girls' and children's jackets. Men's suits and jackets come primarily from Italy and Portugal. Hong Kong is a significant source of imports of both men's and women's overcoats and raincoats, although in the case of men's coats, the Netherlands is the most important. Hong Kong is by far the most significant exporter of men and women's trousers to the UK, and of women's dresses and skirts. Many British companies are transferring production overseas. Much of the recent growth in value of imports into the UK can therefore be attributed to British companies, and their subsidiaries. The UK imported over $81 million worth of clothing from the . in 2000, a figure which has declined over the last few years. UK imports of . clothing goods 1997 $81,621,996 $81,139,559 $103,448,033 $121,300,429 EXPORTS Total clothing exports from the UK were $ billion in 1999 – a drop from the 1998 figure of $2 billion. In 2000, the UK exported $ million worth of clothing to the . There has been a recent trend towards exporting more British clothing to countries outside Europe, but less to countries within the European Union (EU). The UK has a reputation for quality in, for example, woollens and knitwear. However, it has been hard hit by the strength of sterling and the recent downturn in economies such as Japan, which are of great importance to UK trade. COMPETITION The Marketplace Vertical integration is a feature of the UK market for clothing. Companies such as Alexon Group, Laura Ashley, River Island Clothing Co., and Austin Reed Group manufacture collections for retail in their own stores. Place of Purchase In order of popularity, department stores, chain stores, independents, fashion multiples and sports shops are the most commonly used retail outlets for clothing. Age and sex are important determining factors in this however. For example, although department stores appeal to all age groups, fashion multiples are generally used by younger shoppers. For all the above outlets, penetration levels are higher among men than women except for independents and sports stores. Traditional mail order catalogues continue to come under pressure from discount stores. They cannot keep up with changes in prices, as their catalogues are printed weeks in advance of a season. The internet and digital television have introduced online shopping but there are hurdles to overcome if this kind of purchasing is to grow the clothing market considerably. Many consumers are hesitant to give credit card details and they like to be able to see and feel garments before they purchase. Brand recognition is important in online shopping, and it, therefore, seems likely that established High St stores may find it easier to make the step from 'brick to click' than a new online only retailer. Brand Awareness There is a high level of brand awareness in some sectors of the clothing industry. For example, the name Levi-Strauss & Co. is synonymous with jeans, like that of Nike with sports clothing. These brands will maintain sales due to firm establishment in their specific markets. However, with more and more discount stores introducing their own labels (. George at Asda, and Matalan), and the consumers decreasing clothing expenditure, mid market retailers will undoubtedly suffer. As mentioned previously, strong brand names are increasingly moving outside their original product. While this might ensure the success of, for example, Ted Baker skincare products, it also opens the clothing market for infiltration by outside brands. Market Leaders and their Brands The UK retail market for clothing is one spanning many extremes. Exclusive designer names are at one end of the scale, while discount stores and market stalls are at the other. In between is a variety of retailers aimed at the middle mass market. It is some of these that are currently finding survival so difficult. C&A is a prime example, but its demise obviously provides opportunities for other stores and products. This is not least because its withdrawal from the UK is freeing up valuable High Street sites. A relatively new entrant to the market is the grocery multiple, and the most successful example is ASDA Group Ltd. The UK's third largest supermarket, taken over by Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated last year, has its own George at ASDA brand of clothing (which had a turnover of $893m in 1999). Tesco PLC, the country's most successful supermarket chain, also devotes significant space to children's clothing, and women's and men's underwear. END USERS The total population of the UK is approximately 60 million, and is split roughly equally beween men and women. By age, the population is divided as follows: AGE % 0-19 20-49 49 + Over 83 percent of clothing and accessories are purchased by women over 25. Even 28 percent of menswear purchased in the UK is bought by women. According to the Family Expenditure survery (FES), average weekly household expenditure on commodities and services was $520 in 1999. On average, $32 of this was spent on clothing - this amounts to just over 6% of total expenditure. Although expenditure on clothing, both male and female, has grown in the past ten years, attitudes of consumers have changed. The proportion of spending on clothing that people regard as essential has declined. In 1989, conspicuous consumption was at its height and people were far more concerned with keeping up with the latest fashions. By the end of the recession in 1994, attitudes had changed and fashion had much less of a following - people still care about their appearance, but not to the same extent. This declining regard for fashion is apparent in all socio-economic groups. It is, however, more pronounced in the upper income brackets and the 25-34 and 35-44 age groups. Within these groups, people now view a holiday or products for the home as a priority over new/fashionable clothing. Despite the decline in regard for fashion, the desire to be fashionable still exists and is generally higher among teens, low income households, and the unemployed - hence the success of the discount retailers. MARKET ACCESS The UK clothing industry is an aggressively competitive marketplace, and is dominated by a handful of powerful chains. It has lower productivity than leading European competitors, and opportunities exist, therefore, for low-cost foreign competitors. The UK clothing market has to be instant in its response to changes in fashion in order for spending on clothing to compete with expenditure on other personal and household goods, leisure activities and savings. The market needs to accurately interpret trends so as to avoid surplus stock having to be sold cheaply. Rail upon rail of discounted clothes not only eats into any profit margin, but also damages the image of a shop, giving it a somewhat desperate look. There is one legal requirement regarding the labeling of textiles for clothing. The label must bear an accurate description of the fiber content. This is an obligatory marking requirement. Washing instructions and the size of garment are optional information, but must not be false or misleading. This would result in a breach of the UK Trade Descriptions Act. There are no requirements for a "Keep Away from Fire" label on any childrens daywear (but there is for all nightwear). However, there must be a flammability label on all babywear 0-3 months (day and night wear). This also applies to babywear with a chest size of 21 inches or less. There is no EU Directive on flammability labels on clothing. Clothing falls under the harmonized code of – and there is currently a maximum duty of payable. SALES PROSPECTS Clothing is an essential requisite, although consumers can also be tempted to purchase on impulse. Nowadays, few people have the necessary dressmaking and knitting skills to make their own clothing, so nearly all clothing is bought. Unusual garments and colour combinations, can differentiate one product offering from another and may be the determining factor in remaining competitive. The exit of C&A from UK retailing in 2001 has made prime High Street sites available for other chains and product offerings. In addition to this, the removal of tariffs and quotas protecting foreign markets (under the Multi Fibre Arrangement) in 2005, will increase opportunities for overseas companies. However, overseas competitors should be aware of the increased emphasis on design that differentiates British product makes it less vulnerable to cheaper foreign competition. Opportunties for . manufactured goods exist, as they are more likely to be able to compete with British designed product. Men's lifestyle magazines are helping to increase interest in men's and boys' fashion and men are more interested in fashion than they were ten years ago. Women are more financially dependent and able to spend as they like on their wardrobe, and as the proportion of working women increases, they are likely to require more clothes than they would if they stayed at home. However, as mentioned previously, the trend towards dressing down is increasing, therefore clothing purchased for the office will not necessarily include business suits. Home shopping through catalogues, the Internet, and interactive television means that goods, including clothing, can be bought at any time of the day, 7 days a week. However, people will always prefer to see the clothing and feel fabrics and textiles before purchasing so it is unlikely that home shopping will seriously threaten the High Street retailers. CONCLUSION The UK clothing market will see steady but modest growth over the next few years and is expected to reach $51. billion by 2005, an increase of 19% from 2000. Judging by current trends and evidence, it appears that the majority of this growth will come from the success of discount retailers. The diminishing mid market in fashion retailing means that best opportunities for . companies exist at this end of the scale. For more information on the UK Clothing Market, please contact: 瞎找的 看都没看
链接: 密码: 6hrg
说张爱玲是中国文学史上的一个“异数”当不为过。文字在她的笔下，才真正的有了生命，直钻进你的心里去。喜欢张爱玲的人对她的书真是喜欢，阅读的本身就能给读书的人莫大的快感。阅读的快乐只有在她那里才可以得到，至少对我是这样。读别的书你或许能知道道理，了解知识，得到震撼，但是只有读张爱玲的文章你才是快乐的。即便是有点悲剧意味的《十八春》依然如此！ 张爱玲张爱玲是世俗的，但是世俗得如此精致却除此之外别无第二人可以相比。读她的作品你会发现她对人生的乐趣的观照真是绝妙！张爱玲的才情在于她发现了，写下来告诉你，让你自己感觉到！她告诉你，但是她不炫耀！张爱玲最有名的一本集子取名叫《传奇》其实用传奇来形容张爱玲的一生是最恰当不过了。张爱玲有显赫的家世，但是到她这一代已经是绝响了，张爱玲的童年是不快乐的。父母离婚，父亲又一度扬言要杀死她，而她逃出父亲的家去母亲那里，母亲不久就又去了英国，她本来考上了伦敦大学，却因为赶上了太平洋战争，只得去读香港大学，要毕业了，香港又沦陷，只得回到上海来。她与胡兰成的婚姻也是一个大的不幸。在文坛中赫赫有名的她，却因为和胡兰成的失败婚姻，最后只得远走他乡！张爱玲的性格中聚集了一大堆矛盾：她是一个善于将艺术生活化，生活艺术化的享乐主义者，又是一个对生活充满悲剧感的人；她是名门之后，贵府小姐，却骄傲的宣称自己是一个自食其力的小市民；她悲天怜人，时时洞见芸芸众生“可笑”背后的“可怜”，但实际生活中却显得冷漠寡情；她通达人情世故，但她自己无论待人穿衣均是我行我素，独标孤高。她在文章里同读者拉家常，但却始终保持着距离，不让外人窥测她的内心；她在四十年代的上海大红大紫，一时无两，然而几十年后，她在美国又深居简出，过着与世隔绝的生活，以至有人说：“只有张爱玲才可以同时承受灿烂夺目的喧闹与极度的孤寂。”现代女作家有以机智聪慧见长者，有以抒发情感著称者，但是能将才与情打成一片，在作品中既深深进入又保持超脱的，除张爱玲之外再无第二人。张爱玲既写纯文艺作品，也写言情小说，《金锁记》《秧歌》等令行家击掌称赏，《十八春》则能让读者大众如醉如痴，这样身跨两界，亦雅亦俗的作家，一时无两；她受的是西洋学堂的教育，但她却钟情于中国小说艺术，在创作中自觉师承《红楼梦》《金瓶梅》的传统，新文学作家中，走这条路子的人少而又少。现代著名作家，四十年代在上海孤岛成名，其小说拥有女性的细腻与古典的美感，对人物心理的把握令人惊异，而作者独特的人生态度在当时亦是极为罕见。五十年代初她辗转经香港至美国，在此期间曾经创作小说《秧歌》与《赤地之恋》，因其中涉及对大陆当时社会状态的描写而被视为是反动作品。其后作品寥寥，唯有关于红楼梦的研究尚可一观。张爱玲也曾为香港电懋电影公司编写《南北一家亲》等六个剧本，之后也曾从事翻译与考证工作。张爱玲与宋淇、邝文美夫妇有深交，她的作品即是透过宋淇介绍给夏志清先生，肯定张爱玲不世出的才情，而享誉国际。张爱玲遗产的继承人是宋淇夫妇，其中大部分交由皇冠出版社收藏。一九九五年中秋夜，曾经瞩目中国文学界的才女张爱玲猝死于洛杉矶一公寓内，享年七十五岁。她的逝世使她的名字在文坛上再一次复苏。这位沉没了多年的作家一夜间又浮出水面来，而且是前所未有的美。那刻的美是永恒的，因为张爱玲孤独的一生走完了，留下的一片苍凉与无尽叹息化成玻璃灵柩，守护着她过去的灿烂。隔着空间和时间的玻璃墙望回去，越光辉的成就也越凄凉。
张爱玲倾城之恋国内外研究现状《倾城之恋》作为小说的标题。首先给人一个阅读的提示。张爱玲在拟定这个书名时,她期待读者首先会赞成作品将讲述一段动人心魂的爱情故事。“倾城倾国”一词,语本《汉书·外戚传》:“一顾倾人城,再顾倾人国。”据此,女有美色,倾城倾国,一旦进入文学叙事,显然就要暗示一个非凡的爱情传奇。但是,读完了张爱玲这篇小说就会发现,说它是传奇故事,不如说是一个反传奇的故事。书中女主人白流苏并不是美貌惊人,流苏与范柳原成婚,交易的因素亦多于爱情的因素。作者是在“倾城”的本源意义上(倾覆、倒塌、沦陷),使倾城之恋名副其实。 一、两类时间 看张爱玲的作品,与看那一时代许多作家的作品感觉不同,这种不同的感觉概言之,是时间差。 柯灵在回忆中说:“我最初接触张爱玲的作品和她本人,是一个非常严峻的时代。1943年,珍珠港事件已经过去一年多,离第二次世界大战结束和中国抗战胜利还有两年,上海那时是日本军事占领下的沦陷区
张爱玲是20世纪中国文学史上一位充满传奇色彩的作家，一个旷世才女,一个不愿被人控制写作的作家.就连鲁迅都十分佩服她. 张爱玲女性主体意识的形成主要来自于自身的经验世界，家庭环境的影响滋生其反抗父权文化压抑的意识，并促进其独立自强意识的形成，她将这种意识体现在小说之中。通过女性被奴化、物化、兽化现象的透视，探询女性心理痼疾形成的根源，解构了父权文化。 “解构”是本论文贯穿始终的一条主线，解构不仅是一种形而上的思考、一种开放性思维，而且它所包含的肯定与否定的双重内涵与张爱玲创作思维有某种契合，解构理论的运用为张爱玲研究提供了一种新的视角和立场。另外，论文还将文本细读和宏观分析相结合、综合考察和个案分析相结合，并通过比较分析和历时性的分析突出其小说思想艺术价值。论文详细地阐述了张爱玲小说创作的外在与内在生成机制，充分显示出一个与众不同的天才作家的超人之处。张爱玲不仅以强烈的个人风格展现了作品的独有价值，而且也奠定了她在文学史上的地位。张爱玲生于1920年9月30日，（比鲁迅小39岁，比老舍小21岁，比曹禺小10岁），卒于1995年（终年75岁），祖籍河北丰润，生于上海，原名张英。 张爱玲的祖父张佩纶原是清末的著名大臣，而她的祖母李菊耦则是慈禧心腹中堂李鸿章之女。可到了她父母一代，家道已然完全败落。父亲属于遗少型的少爷，母亲则是一个时髦的新女性。3岁时张爱玲随父母生活在天津，有一个短暂的幸福童年。受父亲风雅能文的影响，张爱玲从小就会背唐诗，给了她一些古典文学的启蒙，鼓励了她的文学嗜好。同时也受母亲向往西方文化的影响，生活情趣及艺术品味都是西洋化的。然而好景不长，父亲娶姨太太后，母亲不但勇敢地冲出了家庭的牢笼，而且更勇敢地与姑姑一起出洋留学，而年幼的张爱玲，则在失去了母爱之后，还要承受旧家庭的污浊。因此，张爱玲后来在文学创作中总是以"衰落中的文化，乱世中的文明"作为文化背景。张爱玲的作品文笔非常好，感情也很充沛，但是文章的内容以及所表达的思想却不是那么的积极向上，而课本教材要起到的作用除了应付考试还有更重要的就是帮助学生塑造及健全健康的人格。所以感情比较悲观的张爱玲作品也就无缘课本教材了。
张爱玲一生都在寻求一种纯粹的爱来弥补童年时期的缺失。她对爱的态度，让我想到看过的一部电影《被嫌弃的松子的一生》。张爱玲看婚姻，是依稀华美的爬满虱子的袍子。可在胡兰成写的婚帖上的，岁月静好，现世安稳，爱玲好像相信得更多一些。不然她不会一次又一次为胡兰成牺牲，退让，如果她够精明而又够理性，如果她真看透了婚姻，又怎会和18岁少女一样，表现得如此痴情？浅谈张爱玲的爱情观。早年的家庭经历让她性子生冷，可内心里，我觉得她对于温暖和纯粹的爱的向往比其他人来得更加强烈。不然，在《小团圆》里，她不会那么留恋着和胡兰成在云水之欢时所看到的金色的永生。仿佛童年缺失的一切都在这绚烂迷惑而又短暂的爱里被弥补回来了，一切破损仿佛不存在，她可以是一个无忧无虑的小女孩，被宠爱被保护。大概因为这样好的东西她太爱了，不论胡兰成是汉奸，又或是多么渣的一个男人。只可惜真心错付。为什么说张爱玲天真？因为她不会为自己谋划。她要的纯粹的东西被坏人看穿，坏人利用了她，给了她幻觉，而她交换了她的爱情身体金钱和才华。说说那些个会为自己筹划的女人。比如林徽因。假如有机会能见到林徽因，相信她是清淡而素雅的，亲切的和气的，不似张爱玲浓墨重彩，冷峻肃杀。可是林徽因是理性而精明的，她深知道自己要的是什么，知道爱情是什么，婚姻是什么，所以能放弃徐志摩选择梁思成，当然徐志摩我是当然不认可的作为丈夫的一个人，可以说林徽因是相当聪明的，充满了入世的智慧。浅谈张爱玲的爱情观。相比张爱玲，她更知道男人需要什么，世界对她的期待是什么，她把自己装扮成外界期待的样子，来获得她所需要的事业，名声，好的丈夫和所有的一切。大概，俗语说，扮猪吃老虎，已经很好地概括了这所有的因果联系了。只是，是猪是老虎，吃还是被吃。总是当局者迷。
张爱玲，一位惊艳了整个民国时代的才女，她清冷而孤傲，敏感而决绝，胡兰成称她为民国的临水照花人。 这样一位女子，才情满腹，以她的才华，完全可以傲视同时代的其他女作家，在我心中，纵然是林徽因那般才貌双全的大家闺秀也无法超越张爱玲的才气。 张爱玲写人性，过于透彻犀利。她笔下的文字，充满了张力，能让读她的人感到一种内心的激荡与共鸣。她笔下的一个个人物，白流苏、曹七巧、葛薇龙、睨喜等人，都有着她的影子，她的作品处处透着世俗的气息，却也一针见血地反映着世俗的真实，为我们揭开人性虚伪的面纱，看透赤裸裸的本质。 张爱玲是痛苦的，她太过早慧，洞察了人性的一切，所以晚年她才会独自把自己封闭在美国的一处公寓中，再也无心与外界联系，因为懂她的人太少，让她寒了心。 她，出身贵族，名门之后，曾祖父是李鸿章，祖父张佩纶，母亲黄逸梵。在这样良好的成长环境中爱玲接受的是大家闺秀式的教育，她就像一个甜俗的小女孩，曾说：“八岁我要梳爱司头，十岁我要穿高跟鞋，十六岁我要吃粽子汤圆，吃一切难以消化的东西”，本该是无忧无虑欢乐多的一枚开朗女子，可偏偏命运弄人，父亲张志沂是一个典型的封建遗少的形象，抽大烟、包二奶、捧戏子，封建思想根深蒂固，是十足的纨绔子弟，而母亲黄逸梵也早在爱玲小时候就远赴英国，与张志沂离婚，这也造就了爱玲童年的不幸。 小小的爱玲与母亲是有疏离感的，更甚的是，父亲有一次因为继母的恶意挑唆毒打了她，并把她关在小黑屋里长达半年，张爱玲逃出来后，从此便憎恶父亲，内心种下了阴暗的芽，而天性的敏感与成长环境的阴暗造就了她畸形的爱情观。 一个如此清奇满腹才华的女子却在爱情里活得极其卑微，卑微到了尘埃里，就因为她缺爱，拥有一个残缺的童年。 她喜欢穿奇装异服来博得众人的眼球，用一切可以引人注意的方式来获得爱，但她新潮的穿衣风格却总能惹来周围人的模仿，就是这样一个处处散发着清冷气息，就连画插画都有着天才禀赋的奇女子，种种的种种，都彰显出张爱玲那不可抵挡的光芒。然而，她的光芒万丈并没有为她带来幸福的人生与爱情，她阴暗扭曲的童年经历几乎蚀尽了她去爱别人的能力。 至此我们才明白，在爱情面前，身份地位的高价值显得如此荒唐，爱情里男女框架的合理构建才是王道。 林徽因与张爱玲是相反的，可以说比张爱玲要幸福太多，她的童年是沐浴着爱长大的，所以围绕在她身边的三个男人都宠着她惯着她，浪漫多情的徐志摩、含情脉脉为她终身不娶的金岳霖以及她相伴一生的丈夫兼知己梁思成，林徽因是不缺爱的，她就像一束温和清雅的栀子花，令三个优秀的男人为其着迷。 哪怕是抽大烟的陆小曼也是比张爱玲幸福的，归根结底，张爱玲输在了缺爱上。所以，她才会对胡兰成爱的卑微，卑微到了尘埃里也没有换来胡兰成对等的爱。甚至胡兰成后来接二连三又跟其他女性搞在一起，完全是将张爱玲置于一个极度窒息没有自尊的状态，张爱玲毕竟是一个贵族，一个贵族爱的过于卑微，在男人眼里也跟平凡的女人没什么两样了。 张爱玲明知胡兰成是渣男，还是一而再再而三的原谅他，只因她没有底气去毁掉这份爱，胡兰成虽然渣至少是懂她的，这份仅存的安全感对她来说已是一种满足。即使是后来决绝地与胡兰成分手，张爱玲依然将自己写剧本丰厚的稿费给了胡兰成，对他已是仁至义尽，让我们不得不同情张爱玲的遭遇，一个悲情才女的一生如此令人悲恸。 归根结底，张爱玲是有恋父情结的，所以才爱上了比她大14岁的胡兰成和比她大29岁的美国丈夫赖雅。 笔者认为，张爱玲式卑微到尘埃的爱情观，哪怕放在当今都是不提倡的，在男性眼里，女性爱的太过卑微就会不被男性珍惜，男性天生就是一种喜欢去征服的动物，太容易得到的不会去珍惜，对男性太好他会视作理所当然。 在现当今，有许多张爱玲式的女子，她们或许有着不幸的童年，就像电视剧《都挺好》中的苏明玉一样饱受着原生家庭的创伤，或许因着各种各样的原因缺爱而不懂得如何去爱别人，所以导致了亲情、友情、爱情连带着出了问题，在这种时候，女性要懂得自我治愈。 女性要先学会好好爱自己才能懂得爱别人，要将自己的生活过的充实而美好，通过发掘发展自己的兴趣爱好而让自己变得快乐阳光而明媚，在与男性的相处中，要有格局思想和框架意识，不可显得卑微。根据凡勃伦效应，要把无谓的谦虚扔掉；根据投射效应，越爱讲道理，会离得爱情越远。总而言之要提高话术技巧，掌握必要的恋爱读心术，才能获得更佳的爱情。 张爱玲式的爱情，是失败的，是傻的可爱又让人心疼的，所以希望现在的女性都能掌握正确的男女相处模式，拥有被宠溺的爱情。
我认为倾城之恋是最符合张爱玲情爱观的小说，所以将白流苏与范柳原的“倾城之恋”与张爱玲和胡兰成现实中的“今生今世”两相对照探讨张爱玲苍凉的人生观以及她在爱情中的痴执，最后我引用了心理学上“强迫性重复”这一概念对此进行总结。所谓命运，不过凡俗人生中一点飞扬的激情，所谓爱情，也许只是一种强迫性重复。张爱玲这个人把爱情看得很透很透，因为她太清楚爱情了，以至于自己的爱情不可避免的成了悲剧。飞蛾扑火，至死不渝。
她的母亲虽出身名门，却是深受五四新文化运动的熏陶与影响的新式女子，但她仍没能逃脱包办婚姻的命运。她的父亲则是一个封建遗少的形象，时代的变迁，家庭的没落，并未将他拉进现代社会的洪流，相反的，却让他自甘堕落：纳妾、抽鸦片，永远只活在腐朽的封建遗少的世界里。“张爱玲从母亲身上看到的，更多的是处于新旧时代夹缝的中国女性的无助与悲哀。”正是因为她看透了生活在封建社会，男权文化重压下的女性的悲剧命运，才铸就了她笔下一个个鲜活的女性形象。张爱玲笔下的女性是可怜的、自私的、可悲的，她以冷峻、肃杀的笔调为我们展示了一个又一个女性的悲剧。对于她笔下的女性，她不仅仅是给予了悲悯和同情，更多的也有揭露和批判。《倾城之恋》、《金锁记》是张爱玲的代表性作品，这两部作品看似无任何关联，不同的人演绎着不同的故事。但深层次剖析，我们发现，在这不同的故事里，相同的是都为我们展现了女性的悲剧。《倾城之恋》中的女主人公白流苏是一个出身旧式家庭的小姐，她受过西式教育，在受到丈夫的虐待后，甚至同败家子丈夫离了婚，也可以称得上是新式女子。但她离婚回到娘家后，并未感到丝毫家庭的温暖和安慰，兄嫂搜刮完她的财产，便迫不及待想赶她回婆家。讥讽、谩骂的话语刺激着流苏，娘家再无她的立足之地。“这屋子可住不得了！……住不得了！”（《倾城之恋》）但像她这样的女人想要独立生存，谈何容易。于是徐太太的一句：“找事，都是假的，还是找个人是真的。”（《倾城之恋》）使得流苏又回到了原来的老路上即找个男人嫁了，这是她唯一的生存之路。机缘巧合下，她结识了范柳原，这个男人是她的新希望，是她逃脱家庭的唯一出路，说到底她最看重的还是他的财富和地位，所以她便不顾一切地想要抓住这个男人，使自己得到经济上的安全。她想要占据主动的地位，想要成为她的妻子，而不是像他对待欢场上的女子那样对待她。但是，她失败了，范柳原是她无法掌控的男人，她不懂他，她只意识到“他要她，却不愿意取她。”在两性对决中，她败下阵来，，但她却不能放手，只剩下做范柳原情妇这一条出路。不知是幸与不幸，香港爆发了战争，意外的战争使得这对男女回归到最平凡的普通人，两人一刹那的谅解成全了白流苏的梦想，最终与范柳原结了婚。在这看似圆满的结局里，背后却是无尽的苍凉与绝望。流苏的圆满是以整座城市的毁灭作为代价而换来的。“香港的陷落成全了她。……也许就因为成全她，一个大都市倾覆了。”（《倾城之恋》）但“香港之战的洗礼并不曾将她感化成为革命女性，香港之战影响范柳原，使他转向平时的生活，终于结婚了，但结婚并不使他变为圣人，完全放弃往日的生活习惯与作风。”②他们的结局仍旧庸俗，而流苏的婚姻生活，也是可以预见的。《金锁记》中的曹七巧是男权社会下，彻底的悲剧女性形象，在男尊女卑制度的迫害下，曹七巧的灵魂极度扭曲，张爱玲以犀利的笔锋展现了她的疯狂、丑恶和变态。曹七巧原是乡下麻油店老板的女儿，虽出身寒微，却也天真美丽，向往纯真的爱情，也有了喜欢的人。但父权社会里，她的兄长为了金钱，将她卖给高门大户的的姜家二少爷做了偏房，从此，她便把心仪的肉店伙计锁在了心底。嫁给一个从小得了软骨病的残废少爷，就注定了她要压抑着情欲生活，在这畸形的夫妻关系中，她从未享受过人的权利和快乐。在丈夫那里得不到情欲的满足，她便转向了她的小叔子——三少爷季泽。她渴望正常的情欲生活，然而她的爱却始终得不到回应。姜家老太太把她“扶正”后，她将所有的情欲都转化为对金钱的渴望，她固执地认为，金钱就是她的一切。分家后，这种对金钱的依赖愈演愈烈。这是她用一生的幸福换来的，对金钱有着强烈的占有欲，沦为金钱的奴隶。然而她的爱与欲永久地被压抑着，造成了她灵魂的扭曲，她开始变得疯狂、恶毒。她为守住她的财产，不惜破坏儿女的婚姻和爱情。她逼死了两房儿媳，更断送了女儿的幸福。“她既是父权社会的受害者，又是父权社会的合谋者，还是人性丑恶的表现者。” “三十年来她带着黄金的枷。她用那沉重的枷角劈杀了几个人，没死的也送了半条命。”（《金锁记》）白流苏和曹七巧一个是大家闺秀，一个是淳朴的乡下妹子；一个受西式教育，可称得上新式女性，一个是曾向往纯真爱情的美丽姑娘。两个形象看似不同，但她们骨子里都烙刻着很深的女奴意识，都是男权社会下的牺牲品，男人的附属品。她们始终受奴役、受压迫，经济上的无法独立直接导致了人格的无独立。这就是她们悲剧的根源。男权社会下，她们的悲剧性主要表现在：一、亲情的沦丧白流苏的兄嫂搜刮完她的钱财，便迫不及待赶她出门。“四奶奶站在三爷背后，笑了一声道：‘自己骨肉，照说不该提钱的话，提起钱来，这话可长了！我早跟我们老四说过——我说：老四，你去劝劝三爷，你们做金子，做股票，不能用六奶奶的钱哪，没的沾上了晦气！她一嫁到婆家，丈夫就变成了败家子。回到娘家来，眼见得娘家就要败光了——天生的扫把星！’三爷到：‘四奶奶这话有理。我们那时候，如果没让她入股子，决不至于弄得一败涂地！’”（《倾城之恋》）可见，白流苏的钱花尽时，她的兄嫂已不待见她。他们之间，手足之情早已淡化，联系他们的只有金钱。曹七巧的兄长为了金钱，将她嫁给了姜家残废的二公子，丝毫不考虑自己妹妹是否会幸福。亲手将妹子推入火坑后，还要借着关心、探望的名义去姜家搜敛钱财。“曹大年道：‘妹妹你听我一句话。别说你现在心里不舒坦，有个娘家人走动着，多少好些，就是你有了出头之日了，姜家是个大家族，长辈动不动就拿大帽子压人，平辈小辈一个个如狼似虎的，哪一个是好惹的？替你打算，也得要个帮手。将来你用得着你哥哥你侄儿的时候多着呢。’七巧啐了一口道：‘我靠你帮忙，我也倒了霉了！我早把你看得透里透——斗得过他们，你到我跟前来邀功要钱，斗不过他们，你往那边一倒。本来见了官的就魂都没有了，头一缩，死不迟。’”（《金锁记》）他们之间，已不再是单纯的兄妹关系，还有金钱、利益。二、 爱情的破灭范柳原对白流苏，或许是有一点出于真心喜欢的，但他知道白流苏并不真正爱他，她看重的是他的金钱和地位，而且她并不真正懂他。所以“他要她，却不愿意娶她。”如果不是那场战争，白流苏最终的结局也只不过是范柳原的情妇。不正常的夫妻生活，使曹七巧正常的人性本能始终处于被压抑状态。因此她爱上了健康、风流的小叔子——姜季泽。她与他纠缠十几年，她知道是不可能得到他的真心的。可当她听到姜季泽那类似示爱的告白时，她的心颤抖了。“七巧低着头，沐浴在光辉里，细细的音乐，细细的喜悦……”（《金锁记》）是的，她爱他，正是因为爱他，当知道他是为了钱而诓他时，她更加愤怒。可赶他走后，她又开始后悔。“今天完全是她的错，他不是个好人，她又不是不知道，她要他，就得装糊涂，就得容忍他的坏。”（《金锁记》）她的戳穿使她的“爱情”破灭了。三、 生存的困境在这个社会里，女人毫无社会地位，更没有独立的人格。她们或许仅仅想要过安稳的日子，却很难实现。为了生存，她们只能依靠男人。白流苏认为：“一个女人，再好些，得不着异性的爱，也就得不着同性的尊重。”（《倾城之恋》）而曹七巧，即使嫁了个残废的少爷，有不甘，有苦闷，却也仍然坚持呆在姜家，她要依靠他给她的名分、地位争夺家产。“女人……女人一辈子讲的是男人，念的是男人，怨的是男人，永远永远。”这足以说明，男人，是她们唯一的活路。她们离不开，更不愿离开。七巧很看重她的家当，但她却依然抓着她的儿子长白，因为他是她生命中唯一的男人，她不能放开他，更不容许别的女人抢走他。四、自私的本性白流苏为了自己的私欲，为了得到一个男人，她一手摧残了她与七妹间的姐妹之情，为了她的生存之路，她不顾姐妹情谊投身于范柳原。“宝络心里一定在骂她，同时也对她刮目相看，肃然起敬。”（《倾城之恋》）流苏把男人看得比姐妹重。而曹七巧为了自己贪婪的本性，更是可以不顾母子之情，拆散儿子、儿媳，破坏女儿的爱情，只为了守住她的财产和她的“男人”。分财产后，曹七巧化身为恶毒的巫女、阴暗的母亲。“在她获得了家长的权利之后，她的变态心理便不可遏制的与她的‘报复’结合起来，‘她需要别人为她的牺牲也付出点什么，不管这别人是否是她的亲骨肉，只要能够补偿她的变态心理’”长白之于她，不单是儿子，还是她生命中唯一的“男人”。可当儿子结婚后，便不只属于她一个人，她需要和另一个女人来分享她的儿子，她不允许这样。她拼尽全力挑拨他们的夫妻生活，说尽儿媳的坏话，致使儿媳在痛苦的煎熬中死去。对于女儿长安，她处心积虑地破坏她的爱情，还给她吃鸦片，生怕外人走她的家当。五、女奴意识和原罪意识她们的悲剧命运一半来自于外界——遭受着男权主义的欺辱和压迫，而另一半原因则在于她们自身，她们骨子里烙刻着很深的女奴意识和原罪意识，这是受几千年来封建男权制度的影响。这种意识使她们自己陷入困境，无法走出来。她们自身就认为无论任何方面，都比男人低一等，所以想生存，只能依靠男人。曹七巧最终结局是众叛亲离，她知道她身边所有的人都怨恨她；而白流苏与范柳原最终结了婚，但范柳原终不会变为圣人，不能放弃往日的生活与作风，谁又知道白流苏会不会成为第二个曹七巧。“三十年前的月亮早已沉了下去，三十年前的人也死了，然而三十年前的故事还没完——完不了。
我们描写月亮时说“朦胧”“皎洁”。张爱玲说：“阳台上看见毛毛的黄月亮。”我们珍惜生命，尊重生命，歌颂生命。张爱玲说：“生命是一袭华美的袍，爬满了蚤子。”我们都很谦虚，惟恐别人说自己狂妄自大。张爱玲说：“我从小就被目为天才。除了发展我的天才外别无生存的目标。”我们描写夏天炎热说“像下了火”，描写苦夏的感受说“日子真难熬”。张爱玲说：“夏天的日子一连串烧下去，雪亮，绝细的一根线，烧得要断了，又给细细的蝉声连了起来。”我们渴望出名，渴望出人头地，但谁也不好意思明说。张爱玲说：“出名要趁早啊，来得太晚的话，快乐也不那么痛快。”我们把对生活的希望寄托在不可知的未来，说“明天会更好。”张爱玲说：“将来的平安，来的时候已经不是我们的了。我们只能各人就近求得自己的平安。”
说张爱玲是中国文学史上的一个“异数”当不为过。文字在她的笔下，才真正的有了生命，直钻进你的心里去。喜欢张爱玲的人对她的书真是喜欢，阅读的本身就能给读书的人莫大的快感。阅读的快乐只有在她那里才可以得到，至少对我是这样。读别的书你或许能知道道理，了解知识，得到震撼，但是只有读张爱玲的文章你才是快乐的。即便是有点悲剧意味的《十八春》依然如此！ 张爱玲张爱玲是世俗的，但是世俗得如此精致却除此之外别无第二人可以相比。读她的作品你会发现她对人生的乐趣的观照真是绝妙！张爱玲的才情在于她发现了，写下来告诉你，让你自己感觉到！她告诉你，但是她不炫耀！张爱玲最有名的一本集子取名叫《传奇》其实用传奇来形容张爱玲的一生是最恰当不过了。张爱玲有显赫的家世，但是到她这一代已经是绝响了，张爱玲的童年是不快乐的。父母离婚，父亲又一度扬言要杀死她，而她逃出父亲的家去母亲那里，母亲不久就又去了英国，她本来考上了伦敦大学，却因为赶上了太平洋战争，只得去读香港大学，要毕业了，香港又沦陷，只得回到上海来。她与胡兰成的婚姻也是一个大的不幸。在文坛中赫赫有名的她，却因为和胡兰成的失败婚姻，最后只得远走他乡！张爱玲的性格中聚集了一大堆矛盾：她是一个善于将艺术生活化，生活艺术化的享乐主义者，又是一个对生活充满悲剧感的人；她是名门之后，贵府小姐，却骄傲的宣称自己是一个自食其力的小市民；她悲天怜人，时时洞见芸芸众生“可笑”背后的“可怜”，但实际生活中却显得冷漠寡情；她通达人情世故，但她自己无论待人穿衣均是我行我素，独标孤高。她在文章里同读者拉家常，但却始终保持着距离，不让外人窥测她的内心；她在四十年代的上海大红大紫，一时无两，然而几十年后，她在美国又深居简出，过着与世隔绝的生活，以至有人说：“只有张爱玲才可以同时承受灿烂夺目的喧闹与极度的孤寂。”现代女作家有以机智聪慧见长者，有以抒发情感著称者，但是能将才与情打成一片，在作品中既深深进入又保持超脱的，除张爱玲之外再无第二人。张爱玲既写纯文艺作品，也写言情小说，《金锁记》《秧歌》等令行家击掌称赏，《十八春》则能让读者大众如醉如痴，这样身跨两界，亦雅亦俗的作家，一时无两；她受的是西洋学堂的教育，但她却钟情于中国小说艺术，在创作中自觉师承《红楼梦》《金瓶梅》的传统，新文学作家中，走这条路子的人少而又少。现代著名作家，四十年代在上海孤岛成名，其小说拥有女性的细腻与古典的美感，对人物心理的把握令人惊异，而作者独特的人生态度在当时亦是极为罕见。五十年代初她辗转经香港至美国，在此期间曾经创作小说《秧歌》与《赤地之恋》，因其中涉及对大陆当时社会状态的描写而被视为是反动作品。其后作品寥寥，唯有关于红楼梦的研究尚可一观。张爱玲也曾为香港电懋电影公司编写《南北一家亲》等六个剧本，之后也曾从事翻译与考证工作。张爱玲与宋淇、邝文美夫妇有深交，她的作品即是透过宋淇介绍给夏志清先生，肯定张爱玲不世出的才情，而享誉国际。张爱玲遗产的继承人是宋淇夫妇，其中大部分交由皇冠出版社收藏。一九九五年中秋夜，曾经瞩目中国文学界的才女张爱玲猝死于洛杉矶一公寓内，享年七十五岁。她的逝世使她的名字在文坛上再一次复苏。这位沉没了多年的作家一夜间又浮出水面来，而且是前所未有的美。那刻的美是永恒的，因为张爱玲孤独的一生走完了，留下的一片苍凉与无尽叹息化成玻璃灵柩，守护着她过去的灿烂。隔着空间和时间的玻璃墙望回去，越光辉的成就也越凄凉。
你要讲的似乎是五四遗事，所以要围绕主题，第二部分第二节可以去掉，与主题无关，只与第一节有关而已，故事梗概应移到第二部分第一节，两次婚姻对张爱玲的影响？第二次似乎不是青年，总之顺序上和小标题问题挺多的，我给你打我认为不错的顺序吧！五四遗事》中的女性形象——依附于出走的两难困局一写作时间背景，故事梗概，总体简评二张爱玲的生平在此篇文章的影子（出身背景，个人情感与爱情观）三四相同个人意见，仅供参考