A Contrastive Study between English and Chinese Idioms（题目：二号，黑体，加粗，居中,除了英语小词外，其他单词首字母都要大写；另外：除了题目外，论文中所有英文的字体均采用“Times New Roman”）（学院、专业、学号、作者姓名、指导教师姓名（小四号宋体字，加粗），依次排印在论文题目下，上空二行，居中）【Abstract】 This paper centers on the different expressions of …… （英文摘要：上空二行；题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用其他任何标点符号；采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗；单倍行距。）【Key Words】 idiom; comparison; English; Chinese （英文关键词：题目采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，加粗，两个单词的首字母要大写，置于粗体方括号【】内，顶格放置；随后的内容与前面的粗体方括号【】之间空一格，不用任何其他标点符号，采用五号“Times New Roman”字体，不加粗，除了专有名词外，其他单词的首字母不大写，各单词之间用分号“；”隔开，分号之后空一格；最后一个关键词之后不用任何标点符号；单倍行距。）1. Introduction (顶格，除了第一个单词及专有名词外，其他单词首字母都不要大写；标题最后不用任何标点符号，上空两行)In both English and Chinese, …. So, this essay is trying to focus on the differences between Chinese and English idoms in terms of their essential meaning, customary usage and typical expression (Chang Liang, 1993:44; Li Guangling, 1999). (段落第一行缩进4个英文字符；夹注的标注法：出现在夹注中的作者必须与文后的参考文献形成一一对应关系；注意一个或多个作者间的标点符号，时间、页码等的标注法；另外，汉语参考文献的作者要以拼音形式出现，不能出现汉语姓氏；夹注出现在标点符号之前)2. The similarities between English idioms and Chinese idioms In English, …. And it can be clearly seen in the below examples:(1) I don’t know。我不知道。 (2) I am not a poet. 我不是诗人。 (正文中的例子以（1），（2）…为序号排列，直至最后一个例子；而①, ②…则为脚注或尾注的上标序号)3. The differences between English idioms and Chinese The characteristics of English idioms（正文章节序号编制：章的编号：1. ，2.， 3.，…；节的编号：…，…；小节的编号为：, …。小节以下层次，采用希腊数字加括号为序，如（i），（ii）…；之后再采用字母加括号，如(a), (b),…;每章题目左顶格，小四号字，加粗；每节（及小节以下）题目左顶格，小四号字，不加粗但要斜体；所有章节的题目都单独一行，最后不加任何标点符号）….In conclusion, …. The characteristics of Chinese idioms….Feng (1998) found some problems as shown in the following examples (注意此句中夹注的另一种写法):(9) We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.(10) People take no thought of the value of time until they lose it.…. The analysis of the differences between English and Chinese idioms… (i) ….….(ii) ….…. 4. Conclusion….Bibliography (References) （小四号，加粗，后面不加任何标点符号） Sanved, ed. The Oxford book of American literary anecdotes[C]. New York: OUP, 1981.常亮，“关于英语的偏离否定”[J] 。《外国语文》，1993，4：44。 冯树健，“否定之否定新说”[J] 。《英语辅导》，1998，6：11。 李光陵，“不完全否定浅析” [J] 。《大学英语》，2000，30：30。 （论文最后的参考文献中所有文献的排列顺序：尾注：按照编号顺序。夹注：英文文献----网络文献----汉语文献，各个文献的先后以作者的姓氏字母或拼音为序，不用单独加序号或编号；每个参考文献的第二行起必须缩进4个英文字符；倍行距；另外，与文中的夹注一一对应；不同类型的参考文献写法请参照写作指南中附件2的内容）
翻译学论文开题报告
开题报告是提高选题质量和水平的`重要环节。下面是我为大家整理的一篇以《目的论在英汉广告翻译上的应用》为例的语言学硕士论文开题报告，供参考阅读，希望对您有所帮助。
1、选题意义和背景
The progress of economic globalization has greatly hit the social life.
Advertising has become an important way of modern marketing and has attractedmerchants and the company. As people's consciousness worldwide enhances, manyproducts and services of advertising will be translated into other languages forpromotion to explore overseas markets. Advertising, as an effective way ofdisseminating brand information, has penetrated into many aspects of social life, andit plays a bridge role in connection and communication. Since China's accession tothe WTO, its connection with the world gets even closer. More and moreinternational enterprises and product brands come into China's huge market.
Translation of products and services for overseas consumers is not only the functionof promoting consumption, but also the effect of external publicity. In the globalmarket, advertising translation not only brings an opportunity for advertising, butalso has brings the huge challenge. Therefore, mastery of both Chinese and Englishadvertising translation is particularly important.
Skopos theory is the foundation and the core theory of functionalism. Skopostheory holds that the process of the whole translation behavior is determined to thepurpose of translation action, that is, the end justifies the means. The purpose of thetranslation behavior is the core element which determines the translation process.
Advertising translation has a strong purpose. What is more important toadvertising translation is whether translation can convey the purpose of source textand achieve the anticipated target of the source text, so as to attract the attention offoreign customers to induce their consumption desire, eventually to incur purchasebehavior.
2、论文综述/研究基础
1 Advertising Translation Studies in the West.
Advertising translation was mentioned in translation studies for the first time inHurbin's (1972) article “Peut-on traduire la langue de la publicé” (Can OneTranslate the Language of Advertising?)。 At that time, linguistics was the dominanthumanistic discipline, meanwhile, linguistics made translating a code-switchingoperation. Equivalence-based linguistic approaches mainly focus on the source text.
Hurhin argued that for one source text, there are several translations, and thetranslators chose which translation is the most appropriate one. Hurbin also pointedthat if glossaries of advertising language is compiled, this was made easier. So thetranslators will be easy to find the most appropriate equivalent expressions betweenthe source and the target text.
In Candace Seguinot's (1995) article “Translation and Advertising: GoingGlobal in Cultural Functions of Translation”. The main opinion of which is thatacross cultural boundaries, there is an understanding of culture and semioticsappearing in the marketing of goods and services. It goes well beyond both languageand design.
Another representative article “Advertising: a five-stage strategy for translationin Translation” as Intercultural Communication which is edited by C. Nord et al. Thearticle is published by Smith & Klein-Braley (1997)。 In this article, they conduct acontrastive analysis of English and German advertising. Then they developedtaxonomy of strategies for the analysis of advertising translation.
Up to now, the book which maybe the only one published exclusively onadvertisement translation is Translation Practices in International Advertisingwritten by Mathieu Guidere (2001)。 This book mainly talks about various aspects ofadvertising translation in international market and mainly concerns the globaladvertising of multinational companies, because they need to translate their productsinformation into other languages. The author analyzes some examples in advertisingtranslation and he shows readers some essential problems in current translation ideas.
This book introduced the strategies of translation which are implemented by the multinational firms to break into new markets.
2 Advertising Translation Studies in China.
Domestic advertising translation studies officially started in 1990s. In terms ofresearch contents, the initial studies mainly focused on the discussion about specificadvertising translation of idioms and the existing problems in Chinese-Englishadvertising translation. That was the primary stage. Years later, advertisingtranslation principle and criteria became the research themes. People hold the viewthat, advertising translation should give attention to in many aspects, such as text,language beauty, consumer psychology. Researchers illustrated their respectivepoints of view from different angles. Since the late 90s, although the discussion oftranslation principle and criteria were still mentioned, the researchers' attention weregradually focused on translation of difficult parts in advertising, such as therhetorical devices, emotional transmission, brand image and trademark reproduction ,etc. In terms of research methods, domestic advertising translation study mainly usesthe inductive method and the case study. Nevertheless, in recent years, researchersbegin to use the theory achievements of pragmatics and other related disciplines toanalyze different kinds of problems in advertising translation, and then put forwardsome translation strategies.
As early as xx, Li Fan proposed the development of the advertising languageposed a severe challenge to advertising translation. The artful advertisings require thetranslator to break hard the tradition of the original, boldly innovate, and improve thequality of translation. There are three reasons for flexible advertising translation: 1)the purpose of advertising is to induce consumer to purchase products. Text is justmeans, so translations do not have to stick to the text equivalent; 2) the feature ofadvertising language is vivid, which is the essence of advertising language. If thetranslation is not bold to change, there will be no magic translation; 3) formulaicexpressions are common use in advertising, if not alternative, it may be translatedinto foreign stereotyped writing (黎凡 xx:29-31)。 At the same time, researchersthought in terms of some specific advertisements, flexible translation seems to be theonly way, especially in the four kinds of advertising: 1) advertising used of witty and polished words; 2) advertising used of brand name; 3) advertising used of puns; 4)advertising with strong national culture color.
In order to achieve concise expression, attract more readers' attention, facilitatereaders recognize and remember, advertising writing should follow the KISSprinciple, namely, “keep it short and sweet” (郭可 1992:57-64)。 A great number ofstudies on advertising translation are associated with concise problem. Ding Shude isdedicated to his studies. He holds that: 1) Chinese advertising often uses modifiers toemphasis, product characteristics, while English advertising is simple words, mainlywith oral type. a lot of subject-predicative phrases in Chinese can be directlytranslated into adjectives English , such as 速度快、效率高、行动灵活 can betranslated into “fast, efficient and handy”; 2) There are a large number of the fourwords in Chinese advertising structure, which bring parallelism and overlapping tostrengthen language, but there is no such characteristic in English. InChinese-English translation should hold the center, around the center word leads toall aspects; 3) there are often loose sentences, which express a large amount ofinformation in Chinese advertising. Translation should be concise and compact,strengthen the logic; 4) Chinese advertising commonly uses formulaic expressions.
Translation should be fascinating, considering the overall rhetorical, but not stackrhetoric. Good English advertising language is not many words, but it is impressive(丁树德 xx: 42-43)。 Cao Shunfa also takes a large number of examples of bothEnglish-Chinese translation two aspects show that based on the principle of simple,the translation of advertising language should strive to use the most simple languageto express the most complex meaning, to make it easy to be remembered (曹顺发xx: 43-45)。
Equivalence theory is based on Nida's equivalence translation theory. On thisbasis, some researchers point out that commercial advertising translation is mainlyon the equivalence of semantic, social and cultural, and stylistic aspect. 1) Thesemantic equivalence. This is the most basic and important equivalence. From wordto chapter, in order to achieve the semantic equivalence, the first thing to thetranslator is that he must determine the meaning of the translation unit in context.
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
Proposal 更正式点opening speech；opening report；Thesis Proposal 也都可以但多数都用Proposal 如博士论文开题 Doctoral Dissertation Proposal
综述：opening report可以，用Proposal更正式点。
重点词汇：Proposal
英［prə＇pəʊzl］
释义：
n.提议，建议；（计划、建议等的）提出；求婚
［复数：proposals］
短语：
The Proposal假结婚；爱情限时签；求婚的恶魔；弄假成真
词语使用变化：proposal
n.（名词）
1、proposal表示“提议，建议”时，其后可接介词短语或动词不定式作定语，也可接that从句作同位语。
2、proposal所接由that引起的表语从句或同位语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气。
3、proposal作为名词时，后面通常跟带to的不定式和名词。
There might be some difficulties during the reserach1) the huge numbers of survey subjects, large locallities. depending on an individual to collect is ) the Individual reserach level, energy is limited, building of the theoretical structures needs Teacher professional ) for Verification factor analysis, it is still in the theoretical learning stage and do not have actual implementation experience.
问题一：开题报告 如何用英语翻译？ 开题报告. 英语： 1) Research opening report. 2) Background and development of the project. 问题二："开题报告"这个词，英文怎么说 开题报告 [词典] Thesis proposal; 问题三：开题报告 英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题四：开题报告，英语怎么说 Thesis Report 毕业论文开题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题五：毕业论文开题报告的英文请问怎么翻译 如果图简单的话，就找安太译欣，直接翻译 问题六：论文开题报告用英语怎么表达，opening rep 你好！ 论文开题报告 Thesis opening report 问题七：开题报告用英语怎么说？ Thesis Report 毕业论文揣题报告 Graduation Thesis Report 问题八：英语翻译论文论文开题报告怎么写 开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 (课题的立题依据及研究意义) Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the mon illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. If we do not......>> 问题九：英语论文开题报告怎么写 开题报告，老师一般会给模板，还要看你题目是什么。这是我的开题报告，你参考一下吧。 课题名称 An Analysis of the Different Cultural Connotations of Color Words between English and Chinese 试析颜色词的中英文化内涵差异 课题来源 Self-Selected and Approved by the Tutor 一、课题背景及意义 （课题的立题依据及研究意义） Research Background: A language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. People of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. Languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. In a word, language is a mirror of culture. When we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. Yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. In our daily life, color words are the mon illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. In Chinese and English cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life. Research Significance: As the differences between Eastern and Western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . Color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings.......>> 问题十：开题报告 如何用英语翻译？ 开题报告. 英语： 1) Research opening report. 2) Background and development of the project.
2022年4月计算机英文期刊有：1、计算机学报2、软件学报3、自动化学报4、计算机研究与发展5、控制与决策《计算机科学技术学报（英文版）》（以下简称JCST）创刊于1986年，是我国计算机领域第一本英文学术期刊，其编辑委员会由八十余位国际权威专家组成，其中海外编委占50%以上。JCST编委在国际范围内组、约稿件，并严格把关，努力把刊物建设成为真正的国际期刊。JCST目前已被SCIE、EI、Scopus、DBLP、Computing Reviews、Research Alert、CSCD等国内外重要数据库和检索系统收录，并多次被评为“中国最具国际影响力学术期刊”。
Publications即可
1 低温工程2 复合材料学报3 真空科学与技术学报4 摩擦学学报5 计量学报6 传感技术学报7 煤炭学报(中、英文版)8 石油学报9 钢铁(中、英文版)10 中国有色金属学报(中、英文版)11 机械工程学报(中、英文版)12 中国机械工程13 仪器仪表学报14 振动工程学报15 兵工学报16 工程热物理学报(中英文版)17 内燃机学报18 动力工程19 内燃机工程20 热力发电21 太阳能学报22 中国电机工程学报23 电力系统自动化24 电工技术学报25 电子学报(中、英文版)26 光子学报27 光电工程28 通信学报29 电子科学学刊(改名为：电子与信息学报)30 电信科学31 微波学报32 电路与系统学报33 计算机学报(中、英文版)34 自动化学报35 软件学报36 计算机研究与发展37 系统工程理论与实践 (中、英 文版)38 控制理论与应用39 模式识别与人工智能40 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报41 中国图象图形学报42 计算机科学与技术学报 (英文版)43 化工学报(中、英文版)44 中国腐蚀与防护学报45 高等学校化工学报(高校化学工程学报)(中、英文版)46 燃料化学学报47 纺织学报48 中国食品学报49 建筑结构学报50 建筑学报51 岩土工程学报52 土木工程学报53 岩石力学与工程学报54 城市规划55 水利学报56 水力发电学报57 海洋工程58 测绘学报59 汽车工程60 中国公路学报61 中国环境科学62 环境科学学报(中、英文版)63 自然灾害学报64 中国生物医学工程学报 (中、英文版)65 宇航学报66 航天医学与医学工程67 浙江大学学报（工学版）这个是工学的，其中我们学校的公路在全国排名第一。自然科学1 中国科学（A-E辑）（中、英文版） 27 无机材料学报（中、英文版） 52 海洋学报2 科学通报（中、英文版） 28材料研究学报（材 料 科 学 进 展） 53 海洋与湖沼3 自然科学进展（中、英文版） 29 化学物理学报 54 经济地理4 数学学报（中、英文版） 30 催化学报 55 地理学报5 数学年刊（A、B辑） 31 化学学报（中、英文版）56 遥感学报6 应用数学学报 32 物理化学学报 57 生理学报7 计算数学（中、英文版） 33 分析化学 58 遗传学报8 数学进展 34 高分子学报（中、英文版） 59 动物学报9 系统科学与数学 35 无机化学学报 60 植物学报（中、英文版）10 高校应用数学学报 36 有机化学 61 生物物理学报11 数学物理学报 37 高等学校化学学报（中、英文版） 62 生物化学与生物物理学报12 应用数学与力学（英文版） 38 中国稀土学报 63 微生物学报13 力学学报（中、英文版） 39 中国化学快报（英文版） 64 实验生物学报14 固体力学学报（中、英文版） 40 硅酸盐学报 65 细胞生物学杂志15 空气动力学学报 41 天文学报 66 生态学报16 航空学报 42 岩石学报 67 古生物学报17 水动力学研究与进展（英文版） 43 空间科学学报 68 植物分类学报18 物理学报（中、英文版） 44 地球物理学报（中、英文版） 69 动物学研究19 光学学报 45 地震学报 70 兽类学报20 半导体学报 46 气象学报 71 生物工程学报21 中国激光（中、英文版） 47 大气科学 72 生物多样性22 金属学报（中、英文版） 48 地球化学 学报 73 中国生物化学与分子生物学23 声学学报 49 地质科学 74 遗传24 高能物理与核物理（中、英文版） 50 地质学报（中、英文版） 75 中国应用生理学25 红外与毫米波学报（中、英文版） 51 矿物学报 76 环境科学26 中国物理快报（英文版）这个是自然学科。
不同学校划分的可能有所不同，但一般来说很多学校会以计算机学报相当于sci3区来划分。
以东北大学划分SCI分区为例：
可视为等同于SCI分区或可折算为分值的期刊（会议）如下：
1、《中国科学》及其英文版等同于SCI二区；
2、《自动化学报》、《中国电机工程学报》、《仪器仪表学报》、《电子学报》、《系统工程学报》、《中国图像图形学报》、《计算机学报》、《电工技术学报》、《软件学报》（含上述期刊的英文版）等同于SCI三区；
3、《控制与决策》及其英文版等同于SCI四区；
4、CCDC会议论文每篇按分计算。
《计算机学报》虽然不是sci。但计算机学报期刊级别为核心期刊，出刊周期为月刊，期刊创办于1978年。一般视为等同于SCI3区。计算机学报是中国科学院主管、中国计算机学会主办的学术性期刊。
计算机学报主要栏目设有：研究论文与技术报告、短文、学术通信、学术活动、中国计算机学会学术动态。
计算机学报已被CSCD 中国科学引文数据库来源期刊（含扩展版）、万方收录（中）、知网收录（中）、国家图书馆馆藏、EI 工程索引（美）、SA 科学文摘（英）、剑桥科学文摘、JST 日本科学技术振兴机构数据库（日）；
统计源核心期刊（中国科技论文核心期刊）、数学文摘、北大核心期刊（中国人文社会科学核心期刊）、上海图书馆馆藏、文摘与引文数据库、维普收录（中）收录。
论文翻译软件比较多，比如百度、谷歌、有道等等，软件其实大同小异吧。
1、CNKI翻译助手
CNKI翻译助手是“中国知网”开发的大型在线辅助翻译系统，词汇、句子均可进行翻译检索。系统对翻译请求中的每个词给出准确翻译和解释，同时给出大量与翻译请求在结构上相似、内容上相关的例句。120余万常用词汇、专业词汇、词条以及1000余万例句，形成海量中英在线词典和双语平行语料库。内容涵盖自然、社会科学的各个领域。
2、Google语言工具
Google语言工具界面更友好。不仅支持中文与英文互译，也可以直接与英、法、德、等大语种或捷克、朝鲜语等小语种进行语无伦次的互译。可自动检测语言。在进行翻译时可选择·检测语言·的选项，Google会自动猜测语言的种类，省却很多麻烦。总得来说google的翻译功能很强大。
3、微软WindowsLive在线翻译
这是软件专门用于提供翻译服务的网站，微软的翻译还是相当准确的，每次最多翻译500字，同时也提供网站全站翻译，支持多种语言。
4、海词在线词典
海词在线词典由在美国印第安纳大学的中国留学生范剑淼创建。正式使用于2003年11月27日（美国的感恩节）。词汇主要由计算机生成，准确性相对爱词霸弱，但是它提供了大量例句并且有发音，可以帮助矫正发音问题。海词也提供了大量的小工具，你可以把它们添加到你的博客或者个人网站上来增加更多丰富多彩的功能。
5、百度词典
百度词典的释义来自译典通，并且没有太大改进，无拼写提示无发音，基本上没有什么特点。类似于Handbook一类的工具书。
The firewall is developed in recent years to protect a computer network security technology, is currently the most widely used of a network security technology. The firewall is one or a group of access control strategy for the implementation of the system, which can be software, hardware or a combination of hardware and software, its purpose is to provide security protection for the network. Firewalls often in the internal network and external networks, can monitor, control and changes in internal and external networks of the mobile communication network; control external access to internal computer protected environment, and to determine the time to visit, competence, the types of service And quality, check the spread of internal information, avoid the outflow of confidential information, to resist external invasion and prevent the leakage of internal information purposes. This paper presents a firewall configuration in the importance of network security, explain the firewall rule set is a firewall product safety is an important measure. Key words: network security firewall configuration
我向您推荐华译网，华译网翻译公司在计算机软件论文翻译方面实力非常强，他们有几十名计算机软件论文翻译译员。有大量计算机软件论文的翻译成功案例。华译网的计算机软件论文翻译价格是非常合理的，他们的计算机软件论文翻译质量是无可挑剔的，我看过他们网站上公开的计算机软件论文翻译样稿，都非常专业，堪称典范，都可以作为教材使用。华译网的性价比最高，华译网翻译公司的价格代表国内翻译市场价格的主导水平，虽然不能说他们的翻译报价是翻译行业的标准价格，只能说是个参考价格而已，但是他们的价格制定得是合理的，分析是很中肯的。无论笔译还是口译，翻译质量是相差很大的。从笔译来说，质量主要取决于译员质量和翻译公司的分配任务水平和校对质量，口译来说翻译质量取决于译员的水平和翻译公司的挑选合格对口译员的能力。华译网的价值就至于，该公司有鉴别译员资质和水平的能力，为客户选择的译员都是有资质的译员。而且，华译网有管理翻译项目的丰富经验，能够为客户提供附加价值，使得客户在语言方面取得竞争优势。-------------中国专家翻译网是华译网翻译公司创办的翻译行业门户网站，在百度里搜索“翻译公司”“北京翻译公司”等关键词时，排第一名。华译网上有一个分专业介绍英语译员资历的栏目，专门介绍各个专业的英语译员的资历情况。在这个栏目里能查到大量具有不同专业背景和从业行业经验的英语译员简历，包括擅长英译中的译员和擅长中译英的译员，以及擅长英语口译和英语同传译员的简历，这些译员的资历都很好。另外，华译网上有大量计算机软件论文翻译成功案例、英译中样稿，以及大量英语翻译客户评价意见和表扬信，这些评价意见和表扬信都带有客户的公章或签名，写得都非常中肯。华译网的计算机软件论文翻译流程非常严格、非常科学，确保翻译出来的英文论文准确地道通顺，帮助作者顺利发表：对于中译外翻译项目，如果原文是政府公文、出版印刷文件、广告内容、网站内容、设备使用说明和企业介绍等重要的或长久性使用的资料，以及需要在外国英文学术杂志上发表的论文，华译网翻译一般建议客户委托华译网翻译进行外籍校对，确保译文更地道更符合外文表达习惯，确保客户发布或出版的内容不会有任何遗憾。为了使得中译外翻译项目既经济又准确，华译网翻译一般采取以下措施：1、初稿译员选择：每个译员都有自己擅长的领域，对于中译外项目华译网翻译一般选择擅长中译外且在项目涉及专业领域有一定造诣的译员承担。确保译文初稿与原文本意一致。2、选择外籍译员：华译网翻译招聘的外籍译员不仅擅长其自身母语的语言表达和准确应用，而且精通或基本掌握中文，中文是其第一外语或第二外语。3、原译者再审查：为了避免外籍译员在校对和润色过程中发生偏差，华译网翻译还会请初稿译员对外籍译员的校对译文进行再次核对，避免外籍译员因文化差异或理解中文不够等原因而发生矫枉过正的错误。外籍英文校对价格费用一般是每千英文单词180元到200元，具体价格根据文件单词数量和文件内容专业性强度而有所区别。学术著作与论文翻译和英语母语外籍校对是本公司的核心业务之一。
1。终端许可控制：构造的问题和表现2。一个面向测量的许可控制网络服务器这个应该标准一点吧，希望能对你有帮助！估计Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2000 没有中文版
终端录用控制:结构问题和性能一个基於测量的录用控制网路伺服器
端点许可控制:建筑的议题和表现一个以测量为基础的许可- 受约束的网络伺候器
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