AbstractObjective：To ring for the treatment of mixed hemorrhoid surgery, most of the large presence of local damage, post-operative complications and other defects. Observed using different stripping tie ring mixed hemorrhoids surgical treatment efficacy, and to explore the anal sphincter function and circumferential mixed pathogenesis. Surgical techniques: the ring mixed hemorrhoids external hemorrhoids with the sub-stripping, ligation of internal hemorrhoids with injection of non-liquid Xiaozhiling area hemorrhoids ligation method. Circumferential mixed for varicose veins do not release the anal sphincter, and for circumferential mixed connective tissue type to give anal sphincter release. Results: 164 patients were cured and 158 cases, 96%, effective in 6 cases, accounting for 4% of all effective course of 12-21 days, an average of 16 days, one year after surgery follow-up, there are follow-up results of 156 cases, including two cases of occasional wet anus, itching, with no recurrence and secondary anal fissure, anal stenosis. Conclusion: The circumferential mixed connective tissue type of patients, the anal sphincter tension, poor flexibility, giving anal sphincter release surgery, after surgery can reduce pain, prevent local edema, but also to prevent anal stenosis after surgery. Circumferential mixed-type patients with varicose veins, the most lax anal sphincter, anal sphincter surgery does not release, it does not cause anal stenosis. Therefore, anal sphincter dysfunction and the pathogenesis of mixed hemorrhoid ring to be ： circular mixed hemorrhoid ligation stripping anal sphincter injection Xiaozhiling
[摘要] 目的 探讨“师生角色互换法”教学方式在临床医学专业《康复医学》教学中的应用效果。方法 对在校96名临床医学专业学生进行分组教学，其中实验组48名学生采用“师生角色互换法”教学方式，对照组48名学生采用传统教学方式。课后对两组学生同时进行理论考试和问卷调查。结果 实验组学生的理论考试成绩优于对照组（p＜），且两组学生理论考试成绩的优良率差异有统计学意义（p＜）；实验组学生在学习兴趣和主动性、知识的记忆和理解、自学能力和解决问题能力方面要强于对照组（p＜）。结论 “师生角色互换法”教学方式在《康复医学》教学中应用效果较好。[关键词] 角色互换；教学方法；康复医学；探析【摘要】痉挛型脑瘫是脑瘫中最常见的一种，其运动功能障碍主要表现为运动发育滞后、异常姿势、腱反射亢进、肌张力增高等。依据Bobath疗法的原理，Bobath球在治疗痉挛型脑瘫儿童的运动功能障碍方面可以起到很好的作用。【关键词】痉挛型脑瘫；运动功能；Bobath球 [abstract] objective law "and" role exchange in clinical teaching method in the teaching of rehabilitation medicine specialized application effect. Methods of clinical medicine in 96 professional students, including experimental group teaching by 48 students "and" teaching mode role exchange control, 48 students adopts the traditional teaching mode. After two groups of students and theory test and questionnaire. The result of the exam scores than theory of students in control group (p < ), and two groups of students' theory test scores are statistically significant differences between rate (p < ), Students in learning interest and initiative, knowledge and understanding of memory and self-study ability and problem solving ability than control group (p < ). Conclusion "and" teaching mode role exchange in the teaching of rehabilitation medicine application effect is good.[key] role exchange, Teaching methods, Rehabilitation, exploring[in] spasm of cerebral palsy type cerebral palsy is one of the most common, and its main function obstacle for sports development lags behind, abnormal posture, tendon hyper-reflexia, increased muscle tension, etc. According to the principle of Bobath therapy in the treatment of Bobath ball movement of cerebral palsy children borderline dysfunction can have very good effect.[key] spasm of cerebral palsy, Movement function, Bobath ball1，“师生角色互换法”教学法在《康复医学》教学中的应用探析2，Bobath球在改善痉挛型脑瘫运动功能障碍中的应用1, "the role of teacher teaching method" in the exchange of rehabilitation medicine application2, the ball in improving spasm Bobath type cp motor dysfunction application辛苦~~
Abstract Objective: the treatment of circular mixed hemorrhoid operation, mostly local injury in operation, complications after multiple defects. Observation of using different stripping ligation operation in the treatment of circumferential mixed hemorrhoids curative effect, and discusses the function of the anal sphincter and the relationship between the onset of circumferential mixed hemorrhoids. Operation method: on circular mixed hemorrhoid by piecewise external dissection, internal hemorrhoid ligation, and hemorrhoid ligation of internal hemorrhoids ichor injection of zone method. For varicose veins not releasable circumferential mixed hemorrhoids anal sphincter, and the connective tissue type annular mixed hemorrhoids give anal sphincter loosening. Results: 164 cases were cured in 158 cases, accounting for 96%, 6 cases, accounted for 4% of all effective, treatment 1221 days, average 16 days after the operation, one year follow-up, with follow-up results of 156 cases, including 2 cases with anal wet, pruritus, with no recurrence and secondary to anal fissure, anal stenosis. Conclusion: connective tissue type annular mixed hemorrhoids patients, the anal sphincter tension, poor elasticity, operation for anal sphincter loosening, can reduce the pain after the operation, prevent local edema, and can prevent the operation after anal stenosis. Varicose vein type annular mixed hemorrhoids patients, most of the anal sphincter relaxation, operation is not releasable anal sphincter, also won't cause anal stenosis. The anal sphincter dysfunction and the ring-like mix hemorrhoids the pathogenesis remains to be : Circular Mixed Hemorrhoids ligation of anal sphincter Xiaozhiling injection
你可以先和北京译顶科技那边沟通，然后就可以交给他们了，他们对于这一块还是很有权威性的，主要还是一对一的，有什么事可以及时交流的
Increased Blood Sugar on hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic apoplexy) the occurrence and development are very important influence, not only as an important risk factor involved in the beginning of HA, resulting in increased incidence of disease, but also to HA after the occurrence of pathological process has a catalytic role to enable hematoma volume expansion, increased edema, increased impairment, affect the blood sugar involved in the mechanism of HA, are manifold, including: lipid metabolic abnormalities, carotid artery remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, hypercoagulability, insulin resistance. Expansion of infarct size and high blood sugar and promoting the development of HA mainly caused by acid poisoning, ischemic injury in areas of apoptosis and other endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and cerebral vascular disease, has attracted people's attention. Vascular endothelial growth factor induced by the prominent role of angiogenesis in vivo and improve vascular permeability; discovered in recent years it also has to stimulate the neurons, glial cells, axonal growth and survival role. COX (cyclooxygenase, COX), is catalyzed arachidonic acid (arachidonic acid, AA) synthesis of prostaglandins (prostgalandin, PG) and thromboxane (thromboxan, TX) of the rate-limiting enzyme. One COX-1 for structural type, exist in most organizations, the catalyst is generated to maintain the normal structure of the PG; COX-2 is induced in physiological conditions, COX-2 in most tissues at very low copy number expression. However, IL-1, TNF and many other inflammation-stimulating factor can induce COX-2 expression. However, current vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxygenase Most studies focused on the relationship between cerebral ischemia and brain edema after intracerebral hemorrhage on the dynamic changes of VEGF, COX-2 expression in correlation among recognition of hyperglycemia on cerebral hemorrhage injury in danger at the same time, control, treatment of blood glucose levels become a means of treating cerebrovascular disease, in particular, is used to reduce blood sugar levels of insulin into the acute stroke treatment guidelines. Has been found that insulin on acute cerebral hemorrhage around the brain tissue has a protective effect of ischemic injury. Possible mechanisms are: the brain has been found that the existence of insulin receptors, insulin and insulin receptor binding may reduce the brain cells of glucose uptake, thereby reducing the storage of sugar within the brain cells, reduce lactic acid produced by the substrate, fundamentally correct cellular acidosis; the same time, can also lower blood sugar, insulin concentration, increased bleeding surrounding edema and effective blood supply, resulting in relatively low perfusion state of high blood sugar, thereby improving effect of brain damage was the order to understand these two cytokines and diabetes mellitus the relationship between cerebral hemorrhage injury, this study of diabetes on the basis of the model to be adopted by autologous blood injection method to establish a stable animal model of cerebral hemorrhage in this dynamic observation of cerebral hemorrhage on the basis of After the behavioral and brain water content trends, analysis VEGF and COX-2 in the hemorrhagic brain tissue distribution and expression changes, and then explore the VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue damage in cerebral hemorrhage the role and significance, compared to diabetes rats and normal blood sugar difference between the volume of brain edema in rats with an initial observation of the two factors in diabetic rats and normal blood sugar difference between the expression of rat brain hemorrhage, with a view to the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage provide new ways and and methods1. Experimental animals and groupingHealthy adult male Wistar rats, a total of 96, weighing 250 to 280 grams from the Experimental Animal Center of Zhengzhou University. In accordance with the principles of randomized experimental animals were divided into four groups, namely sham operation group, normal blood glucose group, high glucose group and the insulin intervention group. Prizes will be awarded 4 points each time: 6h, 24h, 72h, 7d. At each time points are located at 6 . High blood sugar and insulin production in rat model of intervention methodsPrepared by the light of STZ-induced hyperglycemia in rats. With STZ 60mg/kg, high blood sugar and insulin in the intervention group rats a single intraperitoneal injection. Value for four rats with normal blood sugar a 6mmol / L, a week after injection, blood glucose ≥ / L for a successful model for alternative use. Model of high blood sugar after the success of the intervention group I rats were normal insulin, abdominal subcutaneous injection, 3 times / d, 4U / times qd for 3 days, the measured blood sugar value of the normal range.
【Abstract】Objectives: To evaluate clinical effect of dental orthodontic as of headgear facebow higher traction on middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases. Methods: 18 patients with middle to severe crowded dentition besides high-angle were applied with headgear facebow higher traction and reinforcement on molar anchorage, while height of molar teeth should be managed and corrective treatment as exodontia combining with fixed appliance. Results: 18 cases got appropriate arrangement, facial forms of such cases remained the same or got well beautified, relation between molar and canine teeth reached middle level and, mandibular plane angle (MPA) kept unchanged or decreased. Conclusions: Treatment with headgear facebow for middle to severe crowded dentition with high-angle cases could manage height of molar teeth and reinforce molar anchorage.【Keywords】headgear facebow, crowded dentition, high-angle供参
血糖升高对出血性脑卒中（hemorrhagic apoplexy）的发生发展有极其重要的影响，不但作为重要危险因素参与HA的起始，导致疾病发病率增高，而且对HA发生后病理过程有促进作用，使血肿体积扩大，加重水肿，加重功能损害，影响预后。Hyperglycemia has a very important impact on the occurrence and development of hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic apoplexy). It not only acts as an important risk factor in the initiation of HA, but also increases the incidence of disease, and promotes the pathological process of HA, enlarges the volume of hematoma, aggravates edema, aggravates functional damage, and affects prognosis.高血糖参与HA的发生机制是多方面的，包括:脂代谢异常、颈动脉重塑、内皮功能障碍、血小板功能异常、高凝状态、胰岛素抵抗。而高血糖扩大梗死面积，促进HA发展主要与致酸中毒、缺血损伤区域细胞凋亡等机制有关。Hyperglycemia is involved in the pathogenesis of HA in many aspects, including: abnormal lipid metabolism, Carotid Remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, platelet dysfunction, hypercoagulability, insulin resistance. However, hyperglycemia can enlarge the infarct area and promote the development of HA, which is mainly related to the mechanism of acidosis and apoptosis in ischemic injury area.血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）和环氧合酶（COX-2）与脑血管病的关系，已引起人们的重视。血管内皮生长因子的突出作用是诱导体内血管形成，提高血管通透性；近年来发现它也有刺激神经元、胶质细胞、轴突的生长和成活的作用。环氧合酶(cyclooxygenase，COX)，是催化花生四烯酸(arachidonic acid，AA)合成前列腺素(prostgalandin，PG)以及血栓素(thromboxan，TX)的限速酶。其中COX-1为结构型，存在于大多数组织中，催化生成维持正常结构的PG；COX-2为诱导型，在生理状态下，COX-2在大多数组织中以极低拷贝数表达。但IL-1、TNF等许多炎症刺激因子均可诱导COX-2表达。但目前有关血管内皮生长因子和环氧合酶的研究多集中在与脑缺血的关系上，而关于脑出血后脑水肿的动态变化与VEGF、COX-2表达的相关性研究却不多。The relationship between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) and cerebrovascular diseases has attracted people's attention. In recent years, it has been found that vascular endothelial growth factor can stimulate the growth and survival of neurons, glial cells and axons. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is a rate limiting enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG) and thromboxane (TX) from arachidonic acid (AA). COX-1 is a structural type, which exists in most tissues and catalyzes the generation of PG maintaining normal structure; COX-2 is an inducible type, which is expressed in a very low copy number in most tissues under physiological conditions. But many inflammatory factors such as IL-1 and TNF can induce COX-2 expression. However, at present, the researches on VEGF and COX-2 are mostly focused on the relationship with cerebral ischemia, but few on the relationship between the dynamic changes of brain edema and the expression of VEGF and COX-2 after cerebral hemorrhage.在认识到高血糖对脑出血损伤危害性同时，控制血糖水平治疗即成为脑血管病治疗手段之一，特别是采用胰岛素降低血糖水平纳入急性脑卒中治疗指南。已有研究发现胰岛素对急性期脑出血周围脑组织的缺血性损伤有保护作用。可能机制为：现已发现脑中存在胰岛素受体，胰岛素可与胰岛素受体结合，降低脑细胞对糖的摄取，从而降低脑细胞内糖的储存，减少乳酸产生的底物，从根本上纠正细胞酸中毒；同时胰岛素还可以降低外周血糖浓度，增加出血周围水肿带的有效血供，造成相对低血糖高灌流状态，从而对脑损害产生改善作用。In recognition of the harm of hyperglycemia to cerebral hemorrhage, the control of blood glucose level has become one of the treatment methods of cerebrovascular disease, especially the use of insulin to reduce blood glucose level has been included in the treatment guidelines of acute stroke. It has been found that insulin has a protective effect on the ischemic injury of brain tissue around acute cerebral hemorrhage. The possible mechanisms are as follows: it has been found that there is insulin receptor in the brain, insulin can combine with insulin receptor, reduce the uptake of sugar by brain cells, thus reduce the storage of sugar in brain cells, reduce the substrate produced by lactic acid, fundamentally correct cell acidosis; at the same time, insulin can also reduce the concentration of peripheral blood sugar, increase the effective blood supply of edema zone around hemorrhage, resulting in relatively low blood supply Hyperperfusion of blood glucose can improve brain damage.为了解这两种细胞因子与糖尿病合并脑出血损伤的关系，本研究在糖尿病模型的基础上，拟通过自体血注入法建立稳定的大鼠脑出血的动物模型，在此基础上动态观察脑出血后行为学和脑含水量的变化趋势，分析VEGF和COX-2在出血后脑组织中的分布特点和表达变化，进而探讨VEGF和COX-2在脑出血后脑组织损伤中的作用和意义，对比糖尿病大鼠和正常血糖大鼠脑水肿体积的差别，初步观察此二因子在糖尿病大鼠和正常血糖大鼠脑出血表达的差异，以期为脑出血的治疗提供新的方法和思路。In order to understand the relationship between these two cytokines and the injury of cerebral hemorrhage in diabetes mellitus, this study is to establish a stable animal model of cerebral hemorrhage by autogenous blood injection on the basis of diabetes model. On this basis, dynamic observation of the change trend of behavior and brain water content after cerebral hemorrhage is made, and the distribution characteristics and expression changes of VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue after hemorrhage are analyzed, Furthermore, to explore the role and significance of VEGF and COX-2 in brain tissue injury after cerebral hemorrhage, to compare the difference of brain edema volume between diabetic rats and normal glucose rats, and to preliminarily observe the difference of expression of VEGF and COX-2 in cerebral hemorrhage between diabetic rats and normal glucose rats, in order to provide new methods and ideas for the treatment of cerebral hemorrhage.材料与方法Materials and methods1. 实验动物和分组1. Experimental animals and groups健康成年雄性Wistar大鼠，共96只，体重250~280克，由郑州大学实验动物中心提供。按照随机化的原则将实验动物分为4组，即假手术组、正常血糖组、高血糖组和胰岛素干预组。每组均设4个时间点：6h、24h、72h、7d。每个时间点设6只大鼠。96 healthy adult male Wistar rats weighing 250-280 g were provided by the experimental animal center of Zhengzhou University. According to the principle of randomization, the experimental animals were divided into four groups: sham operation group, normal blood glucose group, hyperglycemia group and insulin intervention group. Each group had four time points: 6h, 24h, 72h, 7d. Six rats were set at each time . 高血糖大鼠模型制作及胰岛素干预方法2. Establishment of hyperglycemia rat model and insulin intervention参照STZ诱导法制备高血糖大鼠模型。以STZ 60mg/kg，对高血糖及胰岛素干预组大鼠单次腹腔注射。大鼠正常血糖值为4一6mmol/L，注射后一周检测血糖≥为成功模型备选用。高血糖模型成功后，予干预组大鼠普通胰岛素，腹壁皮下注射，3次/d，4U/次，连用3天，测血糖值达正常范围。The hyperglycemia rat model was established by STZ induction. STZ (60 mg / kg) was used for single intraperitoneal injection in the hyperglycemia and insulin intervention group. The normal blood glucose value of rats was 4-6mmol / L, and the blood glucose ≥ was detected one week after injection as the successful model. After the success of hyperglycemia model, rats in the intervention group were given insulin, subcutaneous injection of abdominal wall, 3 times a day, 4U a time, for 3 days, and the blood glucose value reached the normal range.（论文翻译由学术堂提供）
[摘要] 目的 探讨“师生角色互换法”教学方式在临床医学专业《康复医学》教学中的应用效果。方法 对在校96名临床医学专业学生进行分组教学，其中实验组48名学生采用“师生角色互换法”教学方式，对照组48名学生采用传统教学方式。课后对两组学生同时进行理论考试和问卷调查。结果 实验组学生的理论考试成绩优于对照组（p＜），且两组学生理论考试成绩的优良率差异有统计学意义（p＜）；实验组学生在学习兴趣和主动性、知识的记忆和理解、自学能力和解决问题能力方面要强于对照组（p＜）。结论 “师生角色互换法”教学方式在《康复医学》教学中应用效果较好。[关键词] 角色互换；教学方法；康复医学；探析【摘要】痉挛型脑瘫是脑瘫中最常见的一种，其运动功能障碍主要表现为运动发育滞后、异常姿势、腱反射亢进、肌张力增高等。依据Bobath疗法的原理，Bobath球在治疗痉挛型脑瘫儿童的运动功能障碍方面可以起到很好的作用。【关键词】痉挛型脑瘫；运动功能；Bobath球 [abstract] objective law "and" role exchange in clinical teaching method in the teaching of rehabilitation medicine specialized application effect. Methods of clinical medicine in 96 professional students, including experimental group teaching by 48 students "and" teaching mode role exchange control, 48 students adopts the traditional teaching mode. After two groups of students and theory test and questionnaire. The result of the exam scores than theory of students in control group (p < ), and two groups of students' theory test scores are statistically significant differences between rate (p < ), Students in learning interest and initiative, knowledge and understanding of memory and self-study ability and problem solving ability than control group (p < ). Conclusion "and" teaching mode role exchange in the teaching of rehabilitation medicine application effect is good.[key] role exchange, Teaching methods, Rehabilitation, exploring[in] spasm of cerebral palsy type cerebral palsy is one of the most common, and its main function obstacle for sports development lags behind, abnormal posture, tendon hyper-reflexia, increased muscle tension, etc. According to the principle of Bobath therapy in the treatment of Bobath ball movement of cerebral palsy children borderline dysfunction can have very good effect.[key] spasm of cerebral palsy, Movement function, Bobath ball1，“师生角色互换法”教学法在《康复医学》教学中的应用探析2，Bobath球在改善痉挛型脑瘫运动功能障碍中的应用1, "the role of teacher teaching method" in the exchange of rehabilitation medicine application2, the ball in improving spasm Bobath type cp motor dysfunction application辛苦~~
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Google翻译是谷歌公司推出的一款免费的翻译工具，可提供百余种语言之间的即时翻译。Google翻译生成译文时，会将文本内容在经过人工翻译的文档中进行查找，通过借鉴翻译范例，得出适当的翻译结果，具有一定的准确性与可靠性。除文字翻译功能外，还具有文档翻译和语音翻译功能，文档翻译支持的文档格式众多，语音翻译方便快捷，不妨一试。
3、ACT智能医学翻译平台
这是一个聚焦医疗领域的在线翻译平台，集文字翻译与文档翻译功能于一体。文字翻译适用于翻译名词、短语、段落等，并支持断句合并、原文与译文对照、译文校对、字数统计等功能。文档翻译可实现中英文双向互译，不仅支持doc、ppt、pdf等主流文件格式，还能保持原文与译文格式、排版一致，具有较好的阅读体验感。
4、彩云翻译
彩云翻译是一个功能较齐全的在线翻译平台，集文字翻译、文档翻译、网页翻译功能于一体，为提升文献阅读效率提供了便利。
文字翻译功能支持的语言种类较多，可实现中文、英文、法语等语言的双向互译。文档翻译功能支持中英双向互译，翻译结果支持一键下载并保存为word或pdf格式的文件，方便妥善保存翻译结果；浏览英文网站时，将其网址复制到该平台并点击“翻译“，就可实现浏览页面的”汉语化“，能够帮助用户更加方便、快捷地获取信息。
医学翻译网，网址：或中医英语词汇:)~里面有很多有关中医的词汇还有讲解，挺实用的：） 健康保健英语词汇 一些中医药英语名词可以看看这里：）~
用备用翻译二
医学文献翻译软件推荐如下：
1、Transgod。这款软件上传文件后直接翻译就可以，操作简单。同时它还可以保留医学专业词汇翻译的准确率和正确率。一般来说文献都存在有大量的表格，图线等，而这款软件翻译后可以保持文献的版式不变，从而有利于直接进行中英文对比，有利于中文直接进行引用。2、ACT智能医学翻译平台。这个平台最令人喜爱的是他免费开放使用，而且他既支持文档也支持文献的医学翻译使用，适用PDF、WORD等多种模板。当然，最重要的是涵盖大量的医药领域术语，这些术语来源于药典、开放性药物数据库、以及大量的医学书籍，可以很好地支持医学相关领域的翻译。3、欧路词典。欧路词典作为一个专业的词典，它的专业性词汇量毋庸置疑，可以提供其他软件提供不了的医学专业词汇。除此之外，它在进行相关翻译的同时会配备上相应的图文，不得不说配备上图文上对于翻译来说更有助于理解。
除了以上介绍的这三款软件，肯定还有各种各样的医学翻译软件，而且每个人的使用习惯也不尽相同，可能对于不同的软件的喜爱程度也不同，需要自己独自去摸索出来最适合自己的翻译软件。
可以在线翻译，论文的保存格式一般都是文档格式，使用翻译工具是可以进行翻译的
参考工具 ：一点翻译
在浏览里搜索这个翻译工具，然后打开，即可在线操作，不需要下载
医学翻译网，网址：或中医英语词汇:)~里面有很多有关中医的词汇还有讲解，挺实用的：） 健康保健英语词汇 一些中医药英语名词可以看看这里：）~
医学专业英语翻译软件，这个你可以上网这去下载一个网上有很多这类的东西
医学文献翻译软件推荐如下：
1、Transgod。这款软件上传文件后直接翻译就可以，操作简单。同时它还可以保留医学专业词汇翻译的准确率和正确率。一般来说文献都存在有大量的表格，图线等，而这款软件翻译后可以保持文献的版式不变，从而有利于直接进行中英文对比，有利于中文直接进行引用。2、ACT智能医学翻译平台。这个平台最令人喜爱的是他免费开放使用，而且他既支持文档也支持文献的医学翻译使用，适用PDF、WORD等多种模板。当然，最重要的是涵盖大量的医药领域术语，这些术语来源于药典、开放性药物数据库、以及大量的医学书籍，可以很好地支持医学相关领域的翻译。3、欧路词典。欧路词典作为一个专业的词典，它的专业性词汇量毋庸置疑，可以提供其他软件提供不了的医学专业词汇。除此之外，它在进行相关翻译的同时会配备上相应的图文，不得不说配备上图文上对于翻译来说更有助于理解。
除了以上介绍的这三款软件，肯定还有各种各样的医学翻译软件，而且每个人的使用习惯也不尽相同，可能对于不同的软件的喜爱程度也不同，需要自己独自去摸索出来最适合自己的翻译软件。
本科论文一般答辩结束后，很少会有修改的。学校复查的几率不是很大。很多人用于查重的论文和答辩的论文都不一样呢。（但是一经发现，学校会严肃处理）但如果是硕士研究生论文，建议还是根据导师意见再重新修改装订。北京译顶科技做的不错，可以联系他们一下 终身满意。
可以在线翻译，论文的保存格式一般都是文档格式，使用翻译工具是可以进行翻译的
参考工具 ：一点翻译
在浏览里搜索这个翻译工具，然后打开，即可在线操作，不需要下载
现在都在使用金山词霸了，里面的单词超过20W，很实用的，感觉比有道词典好用多了。