NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth tooth meets the clinical experience treatmentAbstract: objective to investigate NaQing sexual front teeth tooth overburden match not deep treatment of factors, correction method and the matters needing attention. Methods selection NaQing sex deep overburden front teeth and 18 cases, are not case tooth correction. Results treatment completion time 15 to 21 months, average months. Correction by first teeth together, facial side cover normal appearance was coordination. Conclusion anterior tooth NaQing sex should be repeated in deep choosing good indications fits the tooth under treatment.
去创新医学网一定能找到的,上面24科室的论文都有,而且全部免费,自己去找找吧!
Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】
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对于不少医学工作者来说,发表医学论文其中一个难题就是翻译。由于英文水平的不足,医学工作者在翻译过程中常常遇到困境。今天我们就来谈谈医学论文翻译技巧,希望对各位同学有所启发。 一、时态问题 1、表达目的所用的时态 在医学论文中,“目的”通常指进行某项研究的原因、意图,即表明研究的目标。由于研究目标的制定通常在着手开始研究之前,故可使用过去时态;但是,在论文写作中,也通常使用一般现在时来表达目的,以表达研究目的是合理的、可重复等意义。 2、表达方法和结果所用的时态 在研究性论文中,在描述所使用的实验方法、技术时通常使用过去时,以表达相关的实验方法步骤发生在过去;对结果的报道也使用过去时,以表示已经得出了结果。 3、表达结论所用的时态 医学论文的结论部分为作者表达观点、意见,以及对研究进行总结的地方,常用时态为一般现在时,以表示研究结果的客观性,如果用一般过去时,则表示这一结论仅仅适用于该研究过程中特定的情况,不具有普遍性。 二、词首字母大小写问题 关于地名和地理学术语如何正确大写的问题。因为中文不牵涉大写问题,所以中文母语的作者可能会有点迷惑。其实大写问题对于英语母语的作者而言也不太容易理顺。 三、标点符号问题 由于语言习惯影响,不少医学工作者会错误的使用英文标点符号,导致医学论文出现语言问题。下面我们列举几个英文标点符号常见的错误。 1.顿号使用错误 由于英文中没有顿号,但有些作者由于习惯影响,会在句子中使用顿号,如错误例子:The five concentrations of nitrogen in our study were 1、5、10、50、100 mg/L,respectively. 该句作者使用顿号隔开数字,应改为逗号,在英文学术论文写作中,无论是多个并行的数字、单词和短语都是用逗号来分隔。 2.书名号使用错误 对于书名、刊物名、影片、文章名在中文表达中使用书名号无可厚非,但用英文标点符号时可就注意了,如错误例子: In the book 《Pipeline Risk Management Manual》, the authorMuhlbauer W Kenr (.) grouped pipeline risk into 4 classes. 该作者错误的将句子中的书名使用了中文的标点符号,由于英文标点符号没有书名号,所以通常使用斜体字来表示,有时也可用引号、全部大写或在书刊名下划线来表示。 3.方括号和圆括号使用错误 方括号与圆括号并用时,容易产生错误,首先举一个错误的例子:[That was the colour (blue) she preferred] ,事实上在方括号和圆括号并用时,英文句子的使用方式与中文恰恰相反,即圆括号在内外,方括号在内,因此上句应改为: ( That was the colour [blue] she preferred. )
现在都在使用金山词霸了,里面的单词超过20W,很实用的,感觉比有道词典好用多了。
同医学专业,室友分享给我的一个翻译网站,感觉还可,网站名字叫翻译狗,平时刷文献就靠他了,以前看一篇文献,光是翻译就要花上好久,等翻完了,完全没动力去看文献内容,现在,分分钟就能翻译好
ClinicalKey临床精钥是微软和谷歌的应用商店被选为排名第一的医疗应用软件。300多个全球医学高校,如斯坦福,剑桥,杜克大学都在使用。
Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.
艾德思可以做这个。
Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.
医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译,即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文,在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中,要达到表意准确,必须了解相关领域的知识,熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息,但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题,译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识,比如,因此了解相关领域知识,在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准,历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”,有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的,即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。>为此,在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准:>(一)忠实。应忠实于原内容,准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实,说明的事理,作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。>(二)通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂,符合规范,用词造句应符合本族语的习惯,要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言,以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。三、过程中要体现语言结构特色(一)词汇上的特点1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域,它一般分为两类:一类是某一专业特有的词汇,这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点;还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇,这类词汇一词多义,必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析,在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。2. 词缀。比如:从词源学的角度来看,在医学英语词汇中,希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计,一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语;来自希腊语,希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀,且每个词缀都有其固定意义,可与不同的词干组成无数新词。3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分,可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语,常用于英语口语和文学作品中,正式词汇大部分是外来词,常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。(二)大量使用名词化结构1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一,因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实,而非某一行为。2. 大量使用长句和定语从句医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句,在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑,名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用,简化了句型,增大了信息密度。4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理,强调客观准确,第一、二人称使用过多,会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述,采用被动语态。四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。医学论义翻译要提高翻译量,使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准,就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法,如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。(一)引申法。医学论文翻译时,有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义,如果任意硬套或逐词死译,会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩,不能确切表达原意,甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下,灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。(二)增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异,医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词,使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要,如增加表示时态意义的词,增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要,增加原文句子中所省略的词。(三)省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译,以使译文符合语言习惯。(四)词类转换英译汉时,常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词,译成另一种词类的汉语词,以使译文通顺自然,符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法,简称词类转换。(五)领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语,而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。总之,医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。希望能帮到你,也可以自己去找相关的机构帮你
论文中文翻译成英文的软件:Deepl、搜狗、CNKI翻译助手。
1、DeepL
一个国外的在线翻译工具,有文本和文档翻译的功能可以使用支持31种语言互相翻译,不管是中文翻译成其他语言,还是其他语言翻译成中文。使用方便,不需要注册登录,打开输入文本,选择需要翻译的语言就能快速翻译了,翻译后的文字可以复制,还有词典功能可以使用。
文档翻译功能支持上传pdf、docx和pptx这三种格式的文件,上传之后选择需要翻译的语言就可以自动翻译了,翻译完成之后将译文文档下载到本地就可以查看了。翻译后的文档大致排版还可以,可以同时打开两个文件对比着查看,翻译也挺准确的。
2、搜狗翻译
一个搜狗推出的在线翻译工具,它有文本翻译、文档翻译和图片翻译的功能,不同的翻译功能支持翻译的语言有点不同,最多支持21种语言互相翻译。
文本翻译的话,直接输入就行了,选择目标语言就能自动进行翻译,翻译出来的文本可以复制,下面还有重点词汇的讲解。另外,翻译的时候还可以选择领域,有通用领域、生物医学和金融财经三种可选,选择对应的领域翻译准确率更高。
使用文档翻译的时候,需要注册登录,支持上传的格式更丰富一些,包括pdf、word、ppt、excel、csv、txt,文档翻译支持翻译的语言少一点,只支持中文与英文、韩文、日文之间互相翻译。上传文档之后,选择翻译的语言和领域之后,就可以快速翻译了。
翻译完成之后,会自动跳转到阅读界面,左边会显示原文文档,右边显示译文文档,直接可以在线对照阅读,有需要的话还可以将译文文档下载到本地。
3、CNKI翻译助手
一个由“中国知网”开发制作的大型在线辅助翻译工具,有海量学术双语平行语料库,翻译一些学术资料非常适合。
它只有文本翻译的功能,可以翻译单词或者是短句,翻译的时候只能选择翻译成中文或者是英文,翻译后的文字支持复制,下面还有重点词汇介绍。查询单词的时候,可以根据学科领域查看,还可以查看例句和相关文摘等等。
自己翻译是最好的,不然就去购买人工翻译服务(不过素质参差不齐)。一般情况下,为了速度,可以先机器翻译(如:谷歌翻译、百度翻译、有道翻译、必应翻译等等),再在其基础上结合专业医学词典翻译。
好用的论文翻译软件推荐如下:
1、知云
知云,是一款国产的永久免费软件。自带PDF阅读器功能。以下面这一篇PDF格式文献为例,下图就是软件界面。
2、GeenMedical翻译
是根据生物医学科研人群的实际需要开发的GeenMedical翻译平台。
3、专业词汇翻译--MedSci
MedSci,拼写检查及中英互译 ,收录超过200万个专业词汇,尤其是对新词的收录能力强。像生物医药领域出现的新词,或复杂的化学名均有收录,很全面,更新及时。与各家相比,算是更全面。
4、Linggle
Linggle是一个可用来进行英语语法、句子写作的工具,可为学习者提供更准确的英文写作建议,还能够根据词性来推测短句和句子,精准的分析出完整英文句子如何撰写。
5、NetSpeak
NetSpeak 是一个提供免费线上单词、词组、语句翻译的工具,其特点是可以在线搜索和比较各种英文词汇、短句、语法、单词解释等内容,并且可以统计出这个用语的变化形态,还可以分析使用频率和情境,堪比谷歌翻译。
现在都在使用金山词霸了,里面的单词超过20W,很实用的,感觉比有道词典好用多了。
sci论文属于科技论文,具体详情,你可以去创先职称论文发表网看看。
即将拿到毕业证,论文答辩在,答辩时老师指出了格式上的问题,整理后在系统提交了最终稿,现在需要存档,但导出的文档有些问题需要继续改,脑壳痛痛我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错,你可以考虑一下。知道更多可以加速去知道了解下。
这个要看的,有的靠谱,有的不靠谱,但最好还是自己写吧
市面上论文翻译的机构很多,但我可以很明确的告诉你,十家机构九家不靠谱。学术堂提供了四个论文翻译工具,功能强大实用:
1、掌桥科研翻译工具
介绍:掌桥科研翻译工具,是掌桥科研一站式产研服务平台上的一个论文翻译工具,对于论文翻译较为专业,且保留原文格式。它涵盖了机械机电、信息产业、医药卫生、水利水电、农林牧渔、石油化工、建筑建材、轻工食品、服装纺织、法律、金融、交通运输、冶金矿产、专业服务、安全防护、环保绿化、旅游休闲、办公文教、电子电工、玩具礼品、家具用品、体育等25个行业领域的专业名词和术语。
2、句酷在线翻译
介绍:句酷是由北京邮电大学2004年创立,该网站是双语例句翻译引擎,也就是用搜索解决翻译的概念,解决在用英语表达时通常遇到两个问题: ①说(写)出来的英语对不对?②说(写)出来的英语是否符合外国人的习惯?
3、 SCI
介绍:涵盖了临床各科、基础医学、分子生物学、药物、器械和中医中药等领域的最新词汇;其中SCI双语论文例句40万,医学单语例句60万。
4、翻译助手
介绍:CNKI翻译助手是一款专业的学术翻译工具,汇集了从CNKI系列数据库中挖掘的大量常用词汇、专业术语、成语俚语及双语例句等,形成海量中英在线词典和双语平行语料库。数据实时更新,内容涵盖自然科学和社会科学的各个领域。