法律英文论文题目

O. J. Simpson murder case辛普森杀妻案The O. J. Simpson murder case has been described as the most publicized criminal trial in history,[1] in which O. J. Simpson, former American football star and actor, was brought to trial for the murder of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and her friend Ronald Goldman. Simpson was acquitted in 1995 after a lengthy trial, the longest jury trial in California history.[2]Simpson hired a high-profile defense team led by Johnnie Cochran and F. Lee Bailey. Los Angeles County believed it had a solid prosecution case, but Cochran created in the minds of the jury the belief that there was reasonable doubt about the DNA evidence (then a relatively new type of evidence in trials),[3] including that the blood-sample evidence had allegedly been mishandled by lab scientists and technicians.[4] Cochran and the defense team also alleged other misconduct by the Los Angeles Police Department. The televising of the lengthy trial riveted national attention on the dramatic case. By the end of the criminal trial, national surveys showed dramatic differences between most blacks and most whites in terms of their assessment of Simpson's guilt.[5]Later, both the Brown and Goldman families sued Simpson for damages in a civil trial, which has a lower standard of proof for determining responsibility.[citation needed] On February 5, 1997, the jury unanimously found there was a preponderance of evidence to find Simpson liable for damages in the wrongful death of Goldman and battery of Brown. In its conclusions, the jury effectively found Simpson liable for the death of his ex-wife and Ron Goldman.[6] On February 21, 2008, a Los Angeles court upheld a renewal of the civil judgment against him.这个案子很经典，上面的一段是wiki上的英文案例，你可以找一些关于这个的中文资料，然后选择一个角度（比如种族歧视与陪审团制度的矛盾、毒树之果原则、媒体和舆论与司法公正的矛盾等等），或者一篇参考的中文文章（很多中国的法律人也会研究这个案子，发表一些观点），自己写或者翻译一篇英文论文出来就是了。下面引用一段英文资料，有个人在提问，为什么法院在刑事诉讼中判决辛普森无罪，但是在民事诉讼中又判决他赔偿自己妻子死亡赔偿金。 Jeralyn Merritt对这个问题进行了简略的回答。我想你大一的论文，字数要求不会太多，所以参考一下他这段答复吧。如果字数不够就把上面wiki的资料加一些进去,简单的交待一下案情。Q. I am a high school government student, and I have a question that has been bothering me that my teacher refuses to answer. In the . Simpson case I know that the state jury did not find him guilty on the charge of murder, but the federal court did on the charge of wrongful death. What is the difference and why were they able to do that? -- Geni A. . Simpson was charged with first degree murder in the state court in California. The jury found him "Not Guilty." A "not guilty" verdict means the state failed to prove the charges "beyond a reasonable doubt", which is the standard of proof in all criminal prosecutions. Criminal cases are brought on behalf of the citizens of a particular state or federal district, not by the victims or their . Simpson was found not guilty in the criminal case, the families of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron Goldman sued him in the state (not federal) court in California for wrongfully causing their deaths. Civil lawsuits for wrongful death are tried for money damages, not to put the defendant in prison. Civil cases are brought in the name of individuals, not in the name of the evidence was introduced in the . Simpson civil and criminal trials. For example, although . Simpson denied it, evidence was presented in the civil trial that . Simpson owned a pair of Bruno Magli shoes that matched shoeprints left at the murder . Simpson exercised his constitutional right against self-incrimination and chose not to testify in the criminal trial. All defendants in criminal cases have this right. In the civil trial, . no longer had such a right because he had been found not guilty of murder and could not be tried again for it. He had to testify when the opposing side called him as a witness. Thus, the jury in the civil case got to hear 's testimony while the criminal jury did the criminal case, the jury got to see that the glove left at the scene of the crime did not fit . Simpson. This experiment was not repeated for the civil jury. The jury in the criminal trial got a far stronger portrayal of the problems with the DNA and other scientific evidence in the case, and the poor management of the crime scene, than did the civil jury. And the criminal jury got to hear the false testimony of Los Angeles police officer Mark Furman, who later admitted lying and pleaded guilty to , the burden of proof in criminal and civil cases is different. In criminal cases, the standard is "proof beyond a reasonable doubt." There is also a presumption of innocence that stays with the defendant until and unless the jury returns a guilty verdict. In civil cases, the standard of proof is "by a preponderance of the evidence," which essentially means "more likely than not," or put another way, proof by 51% or jury's verdict in the civil case was not that . Simpson was guilty of murder, but that he was liable for (which essentially means responsible for causing) the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ron light of the different evidence presented, burdens of proof and ultimate issues the juries were called upon to decide, the verdicts in the criminal and civil trials were not really all that inconsistent. -- Jeralyn Merritt

学术堂整理了十五个好写的英语专业论文题目，供大家参考：1、多元智能理论在小学英语教学中的应用2、小学英语教学中的故事教学3、小学英语教学与智力开发4、初中英语教材Go for的适应性研究5、如何有效地进行初中/高中阅读教学6、初中/高中英语教材中的文化因素7、初中/高中英语教材中的文化因素8、合作学习在中学英语学习中的应用.9、角色扮演与高中英语教学10、任务型语言教学在语法教学中的应用11、怎样教授中学英语词汇12、英语教学中情感的重要意义13、扩大词汇量和提高英语阅读能力的失系14、提高英语阅读速度的主要障碍15、英语阅读能力和阅读速度的失系

The Federal Reserve SystemHistory, Function & OrganizationEarly American Banking: 1791-1863Banking in the America of 1863 was far from easy or dependable. The First Bank (1791-1811) and Second Bank (1816-1836) of the United States were the only official representatives of the . Treasury – the only sources that issued and backed official . money. All other banks were operated under state charter, or by private parties. Each bank issued its own individual, "banknotes." All of the state and private banks competed with each other and the two . Banks to make sure that their notes were redeemable for full face value. As you traveled around the country, you never knew exactly what kind of money you would get from the local banks. With America’s population growing is size, mobility, and economic activity, this multiplicity of banks and kinds of money soon grew National Banks: 1863-1913In 1863, Congress passed the first National Bank Act providing for a supervised system of "National Banks." The Act setup operational standards for the banks, established minimum amounts of capital to be held by the banks, and defined how the banks were to make and administer loans. In addition, the Act imposed a 10 percent tax on state banknotes, thus effectively eliminating non-federal currency from circulation. (What is a "National" bank?)The Federal Reserve System: 1913 to DateFunctions of the Federal Reserve SystemBy 1913, America’s economic growth both at home and abroad required a more flexible, yet better controlled and safer banking system. The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 established the Federal Reserve System as the central banking authority of the United the Federal Reserve Act of 1913 and amendments over the years, the Federal Reserve System: * Conducts America’s monetary policy. * Supervises and regulates banks and protects consumers’ credit rights. * Maintains the stability of America’s financial system * Provides financial services to the . Government, the public, financial institutions, and foreign financial Federal Reserve makes loans to commercial banks and is authorized to issue the Federal Reserve notes that make up America’s entire supply of paper of the Federal Reserve SystemBoard of GovernorsOverseeing the system, the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, controls operations of the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, several monetary and consumer advisory committees and the thousands of member banks across the Board of Governors sets minimum reserve limits (how much capital is on hand) for all member banks, sets the discount rate for the 12 Federal Reserve Banks, and reviews the budgets of the 12 Federal Reserve is a "National" BankAny bank using the phrase, "National Bank" in its name must be a member of the Federal Reserve System. They must maintain minimum levels of reserves with one of the 12 Federal Reserve banks and must deposit a percentage of their customers’ savings account and checking account deposits in a Federal Reserve bank. All banks incorporated under a national charter are required to become members of the Federal Reserve System. Banks incorporated under a state charter may apply for membership. ("National Banks" from the US Code)找不到别的了