大学生消费英文论文文献范文

Students Consumption Status(A) Students rational consumption is mainstreamThrough questionnaires and individual interviews can be summarized to say that some rational factors of the consumer attitudes of the contemporary college students, breaking the traditional just to meet basic survival needs of the concept.(1) the proportion accounted for by the development of information in the consumption structure is a tendency to expand. More focus on improving their own learning conditions to meet the spiritual and cultural needs. According to this survey, a majority of 1/2 per semester in the freshman girls and boys surveyed investment in education learning in less than 200 yuan, about half of the students in the junior girls and boys surveyed in this investment in more than 400 yuan. This shows that the newly enrolled freshman students already have to improve their own pursuit, but in setting their own goals and plans at the same time, a more cautious investment; juniors after two years of college life, most of own design to determine the target (Kaoyan studying all kinds of eligibility certification, the English level exams, etc.), investment in education of their employment and achieve self-worth is a also attaches great importance to the health consumer. The survey data show that of male students to pay attention to the monthly consumption of nutrient consumption, a greater proportion of girls accounted for . Fitness center set up in schools very popular with students, through surveys and interviews with some of the students, 30 percent of the students have chosen to regular physical exercise, they use the school's sports resources, but also to participate in extracurricular leisure and fitness club. Students of health spending also covers sports equipment supplies, clothing and other presents the multi-hierarchical. Monthly consumption of more than 800 yuan, accounting for , less than 350 yuan, accounting for , of the students 'monthly consumption between $ 350-500, percent of the students' monthly spending control between 500 yuan to 800 yuan . Visible, university students consumption level of differentiation is clear, the proportion of intermediate levels of an absolute majority, not only reflects the social background of intense transformation, but also the main consumer of the college students tend to , consumer attitudes of college students are gradually opening up, avant-garde, but the traditional rational consumer attitudes is still the mainstream. The vast majority of students consider spending the largest factor is the quality of goods or services, the price, and the pursuit of cheap. Because the main source of income of of most students is the parents supply, while of students own part-time, but not make much money. Due to elimination(B) Contemporary Consumption of Students there are a number of issues:An excessive pursuit of fashion and brand names, there are psychological comparisons. Individual surveys and interviews, we learned that: in order to have a cell phone or change to a popular phone, some students prefer to live frugally, at the expense of other necessary expenses; some students to a brand-name clothes, brand name shoes, hats, and even to others to borrow money to meet the desire. Reflect some of the students do not know the amount of income out, driven by vanity can easily form the endless psychological comparisons.(2) interpersonal excessive consumption, mainly for communications expenditures and love spending. Communication costs, the students have cell phones accounted for two-thirds of the total number of surveyed monthly consumption higher than 80 yuan, accounting for percent, nearly be half of the number. Description of students' cell phone consumer is not rational, high overhead, and quite serious. percent of college students love about more than a month spending about 100-200 dollars, most of them recognize the pursuit of the emotional needs of the material input, and often difficult to grasp the rational principle of moderate consumption.(3) the sense of economic independence is weak, weak financial management concepts. 345 people surveyed, 39 did not make the tutor or part-time and those who made a tutor or part-time students have different purposes, 1/2 of the students are eager for the growth of social experience, of the students to independent for the purpose of the "daily subsidy" for the purpose of the proportion accounted for , if the desire for independence as a proactive sense of independence, then the subsidy daily can be seen as a passive sense of independence. The total to the first two with the sense of independence the proportion of students only to the respondents the total number of 1/3. Of course, percent of the students are holding nothing attitude. Obviously, the awareness in this respect compared to peers of the American and European countries the age of 16 require economic independence, the gap is more obvious.

(1) for the Internet experience. Research shows that the majority of Internet users can enjoy the fun of the network, the majority of respondents feel better on the Internet. of that time flies when you feel the Internet, of the Internet is very able to enjoy the fun. Another percent of people do not think the Internet Time flies, of people feel the Internet to bring the fun, when these students belong to those who do not know much of the network or by the network crash victims on the impact of the type . (2) towards the new view of things and willingness to pay for the network services. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, although overall consumption is still in college to meet the "survival needs" phase, namely food and clothing is still the main aspects of spending, of course, and their economic independence have a great relationship, but Students characterized by its own fashion and independent living needs, they need to be respected, interpersonal, and self-realization, so they present a psychologically consumption chase new change of trend. The survey shows that for new things or curiosity or to seek access to new technologies, as well as trying to achieve the requirement to have accounted for , more in line with this vibrant college, fashion novel features. Survey results also show that nearly 50 percent of the students do not want to provide services for online extra pay, only of the students are willing to pay extra fees for online services, there are of the students as the situation to be willing to pay. Such phenomena show that the popularity of the network is also broad enough and deep network of consumer's attitude towards students is not very positive, but also indicates that the network is not in place of civilization propaganda. Another level of regional economic development, people's living standards and also restricting the development of network consumption, network development is still at a preliminary stage. (3) Shopping cause and site selection. Survey shows that a considerable part of the students are active online shopping, personal shopping reasons, price concessions, merchandise styles complete, convenient shopping map, as well as the proportion of amused curiosity fashion each of , , , , due to network consumption, low cost, convenient, and it is different from the traditional consumption of new consumption patterns and other features and advantages of attracting highly qualified, innovative and receptive to new ideas of fashion students. Online purchase of goods requires a cognitive process, but also the factors that produce online shopping, which is the online shopping needs, go to determine how the choice of the merchant. This is the will of students as consumers emotional process. The research shows that, when asked the most visited commercial websites this problem, the result is that the top surface Taobao, eBay, Sina Mall, Mall Sohu, Tencent, NetEase Mall ratio was , , , %, , . Select the main reason of such sites is known, by the influence of friends, integrity ratio of , , . I. INTRODUCTION CNNIC statistics, as of the end of 2006, the number of Internet users in China reached 132 million, and the number of online shopping over 30 million. From the composition of Internet users look, about percent of the online personal user's age under 35 years old, and college students, is among the typical online consumers. College students are a special group with a higher education culture, their ideological consciousness is higher, for new things, new technologies, new ideas have a stronger ability to accept and comprehend, they are the direct object of the popularity of the network. Theory

Man on the Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Normal University East Campus, East Campus, Hebei University of Technology, Hebei Medical University East Campus four campuses humanities, economics and management,

Medicine,

Science, as well as

Engineering and other disciplines, students were investigated and analyzed. Second, the research methods and the research object thesis questionnaire method, Shijiazhuang Railway Institute, Shijiazhuang City, Hebei Normal University East Campus, East Campus, Hebei University of Technology, Hebei Medical University East Campus four campuses humanities, economics and management,

Medicine,

Science, as well as

Engineering and other disciplines all grades way to take a sample survey, the actual 250 questionnaires, 231 valid questionnaires, recovery efficiency. Description of the contents of the questionnaire included 23 closed questions and two open-ended questions of three parts. Statistics Using SPSS For Windows software and the results EXCEL statistical software related statistics, in addition to open-ended questions used for classification and collation of research and analytical methods. Third, the analysis of a questionnaire. Psychological characteristics of students' network consumer survey (1) for the Internet experience. Research shows that the majority of Internet users can enjoy the fun of the network, the majority of respondents feel better on the Internet. of that time flies when you feel the Internet, of the Internet is very able to enjoy the fun. Another percent of people do not think the Internet Time flies, of people feel the Internet to bring the fun, when these students belong to those who do not know much of the network or by the network crash victims on the impact of the type . (2) towards the new view of things and willingness to pay for the network services. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, although overall consumption is still in college to meet the "survival needs" phase, namely food and clothing is still the main aspects of spending, of course, and their economic independence have a great relationship, but Students characterized by its own fashion and independent living needs, they need to be respected, interpersonal, and self-realization, so they present a psychologically consumption chase new change of trend. The survey shows that for new things or curiosity or to seek access to new technologies, as well as trying to achieve the requirement to have accounted for , more in line with this vibrant college, fashion novel features. Survey results also show that nearly 50 percent of the students do not want to provide services for online extra pay, only of the students are willing to pay extra fees for online services, there are of the students as the situation to be willing to pay. Such phenomena show that the popularity of the network is also broad enough and deep network of consumer's attitude towards students is not very positive, but also indicates that the network is not in place of civilization propaganda. Another level of regional economic development, people's living standards and also restricting the development of network consumption, network development is still at a preliminary stage. (3) Shopping cause and site selection. Survey shows that a considerable part of the students are active online shopping, personal shopping reasons, price concessions, merchandise styles complete, convenient shopping map, as well as the proportion of amused curiosity fashion each of , , , , due to network consumption, low cost, convenient, and it is different from the traditional consumption of new consumption patterns and other features and advantages of attracting highly qualified, innovative and receptive to new ideas of fashion students. Online purchase of goods requires a cognitive process, but also the factors that produce online shopping, which is the online shopping needs, go to determine how the choice of the merchant. This is the will of students as consumers emotional process. The research shows that, when asked the most visited commercial websites this problem, the result is that the top surface Taobao, eBay, Sina Mall, Mall Sohu, Tencent, NetEase Mall ratio was , , , %, , . Select the main reason of such sites is known, by the influence of friends, integrity ratio of , , . (2) Students online shopping attitudes and intentions are directly proportional to its network of consumer impact. Research shows that the online world can enjoy themselves with college students in general can enjoy the fun brought by the network, and the network was close to the goodwill of the students, so they are generally under conditions permitting would be willing to pay for services for the network, and from within understanding of the process of contact networks online shopping, preferences of the network, it will naturally shift to accept this convenient online shopping consumption. (3) networking experience students have in their network consumption is proportional to the impact. College students the importance of the awareness level of the network with the access time will be gradually increased to deepen, different students on the network in their understanding of the importance of university life there is a big difference. In general, the length of the net age students with their level of awareness of the importance of the network is positively correlated; college students network with increasing age, consider buying from a full range of correct decision or not. For very sensible motivation to buy the products in the business on how to select, through this business forum on the network evaluation, consult the advice of friends, search providers

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英文论文参考文献示例

无论在学习或是工作中，大家肯定对论文都不陌生吧，通过论文写作可以提高我们综合运用所学知识的能力。你写论文时总是无从下笔？以下是我收集整理的英文论文参考文献示例，供大家参考借鉴，希望可以帮助到有需要的朋友。

英语论文参考文献格式范本

用Times New Roman。每一条目顶格,如某一条目超过一行，从第二行起“悬挂缩进”2字符。参考文献中所有标点与符号均在英文状态下输入，标点符号后空一格。

参考文献条目排列顺序：英文文献、中文文献、网络文献。分别按作者姓氏字母顺序排列。文献前不用序号。

1)英文参考文献

(1)专著与编著

排列顺序为：作者姓、名、专著名、出版地、出版社、出版年。

例如：

Brinkley, Alan. The Unfinished Nation. New York: Knopf, 1993.

专著名中如果还包含其他著作或作品名，后者用斜体。

例如：

Dunn, Richard J ed. Charlotte Bront: Jane Eyre. New York: Norton, 1971.

A.两个至三个作者

第一作者的姓在前，名在后，中间用逗号隔开;其余作者名在前，姓在后，中间无逗号;每个作者之间用逗号隔开，最后一个作者的姓名前用“and”，后用句号。

例如：

Rowe, Richard, and Larry Jeffus. The Essential Welder: Gas Metal Arc Welding Classroom Manual. Albany: Delmar, 2000.

B. 三个以上作者

第一作者姓名(姓在前，名在后，中间加逗号)后接“et al.”，其他作者姓名省略。

例如：

Randall, John et al. Fishes of the Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1997.

C. 同一作者同一年出版的不同文献，参照下例：

Widdowson, Henry G. EIL: Squaring the Circles. A Reply. London: Lomgman, 1998a.

Widdowson, Henry G. Communication and Community. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998b.

(2)论文集

参照下例：

Thompson, Pett. “Modal Verbs in Academic Writing”. In Ben Kettlemann & Marko, Henry ed. Teaching and Learning by Doing Corpus Analysis. New York: Rodopi, 2002: 305-323.

(3)百科全书等参考文献

参照下例：

Fagan, Jeffrey. “Gangs and Drugs”. Encyclopedia of Drugs, Alcohol and Addictive Behavior. New York: Macmillan, 2001.

(4)学术期刊论文

参照下例：

Murphy, Karen. “Meaningful Connections: Using Technology in Primary Classrooms”. Young Children. 2003, (6): 12-18.

(5)网络文献

参照下例：

----“Everything You Ever Wanted to Know About URL” .

2)中文参考文献

(1)专著

参照下例：

皮亚杰.结构主义[M].北京：商务印书馆，1984.

(2)期刊文章

参照下例：

杨忠，张韶杰.认知语音学中的类典型论[J].外语教学与研究，1999，(2)：1-3.

(3)学位论文

参照下例：

梁佳.大学英语四、六级测试试题现状的理论分析与问题研究[D].湖南大学，2002.

(4)论文集

参照下例：

许小纯.含义和话语结构[A].李红儒.外国语言与文学研究[C].哈尔滨：黑龙江人民出版社，1999：5-7.

(5)附录本

翻译学论文参考文献范例

参考文献：

奥马利 第二语言习得的学习策略上海：上海外语出版社，2001

陈保亚 20 世纪中国语言学方法论 济南：山东教育出版社，1999

丁言仁 英语语言学纲要 上海：上海外语出版社，2001

费尔迪南 德 索绪尔 普通语言学教程 长沙：湖南教育出版社，2001

冯翠华 英语修辞大全 北京：商务印书馆，1996

桂诗春，宁春言主编 语言学方法论 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1998

桂诗春 应用语言学长沙：湖南教育出版社，1998

何兆熊 新编语用学概要 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2000

何自然 语用学与英语学习 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1997

侯维瑞 英语语体 上海：上海外语教育出版社，1988

胡壮麟 语言学教程(修订版)北京：北京大学出版社，2001

黄国文 语篇与语言的功能 北京：外语教学与研究出版社，2002

黄国文 语篇分析概要长沙：湖南教育出版社，1988

李延富主编 英语语言学基本读本 济南：山东大学出版社，1999

李运兴 语篇翻译引论 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司，2000

刘润清 西方语言学流派北京：外语教学与研究出版社，1999

刘润清等 现代语言学名著选读(上下册)北京：测绘出版社，1988

刘润清等 语言学入门 北京：人民教育出版社，1990

陆国强 现代英语词汇学(新版)上海：上海外语教育出版社，1999

拓展内容：

书写格式

1.参考文献标注的位置

2. 参考文献标标注方法和规则

3. 参考文献标标注的格式

2007年8月20日在清华大学召开的“综合性人文社会科学学术期刊编排规范研讨会”决定，2008年起开始部分刊物开始执行新的规范“综合性期刊文献引证技术规范”。该技术规范概括了文献引证的“注释”体例和“著者—出版年”体例。不再使用“参考文献”的说法。这两类文献著录或引证规范在中国影响较大，后者主要在层次较高的人文社会科学学术期刊中得到了应用。

⑴文后参考文献的著录规则为GB/T 7714-2005《文后参考文献著录规则》，适用于“著者和编辑编录的文后参考文献，而不能作为图书馆员、文献目录编制者以及索引编辑者使用的文献著录规则”。

⑵顺序编码制的具体编排方式。参考文献按照其在正文中出现的先后以阿拉伯数字连续编码，序号置于方括号内。一种文献被反复引用者，在正文中用同一序号标示。一般来说，引用一次的文献的页码（或页码范围）在文后参考文献中列出。格式为著作的“出版年”或期刊的“年，卷（期）”等+“：页码（或页码范围）.”。多次引用的文献，每处的页码或页码范围（有的刊物也将能指示引用文献位置的信息视为页码）分别列于每处参考文献的序号标注处，置于方括号后（仅列数字，不加“p”或“页”等前后文字、字符；页码范围中间的连线为半字线）并作上标。作为正文出现的参考文献序号后需加页码或页码范围的，该页码或页码范围也要作上标。作者和编辑需要仔细核对顺序编码制下的参考文献序号，做到序号与其所指示的文献同文后参考文献列表一致。另外，参考文献页码或页码范围也要准确无误。

⑶参考文献类型及文献类型，根据GB3469-83《文献类型与文献载体代码》规定，以单字母方式标识：

专著M ； 报纸N ；期刊J ；专利文献P；汇编G ；古籍O；技术标准S ；

学位论文D ；科技报告R；参考工具K ；检索工具W；档案B ；录音带A ；

图表Q；唱片L；产品样本X；录相带V；会议录C；中译文T；

乐谱I； 电影片Y；手稿H；微缩胶卷U ；幻灯片Z；微缩平片F；其他E。

书写技巧

把光标放在引用参考文献的地方，在菜单栏上选“插入|脚注和尾注”，弹出的对话框中选择“尾注”，点击“选项”按钮修改编号格式为阿拉伯数字，位置为“文档结尾”，确定后Word就在光标的地方插入了参考文献的`编号，并自动跳到文档尾部相应编号处请你键入参考文献的说明，在这里按参考文献著录表的格式添加相应文献。参考文献标注要求用中括号把编号括起来，以word2007为例，可以在插入尾注时先把光标移至需要插入尾注的地方，然后点击 引用-脚注下面的一个小箭头，在出现的对话框中有个自定义，然后输入中括号及数字，然后点插入，然后自动跳转到本节/本文档末端，此时再输入参考文献内容即可。

在文档中需要多次引用同一文献时，在第一次引用此文献时需要制作尾注，再次引用此文献时点“插入|交叉引用”，“引用类型”选“尾注”，引用内容为“尾注编号（带格式）”，然后选择相应的文献，插入即可。

不要以为已经搞定了，我们离成功还差一步。论文格式要求参考文献在正文之后，参考文献后还有发表论文情况说明、附录和致谢，而Word的尾注要么在文档的结尾，要么在“节”的结尾，这两种都不符合我们的要求。解决的方法似乎有点笨拙。首先删除尾注文本中所有的编号（我们不需要它，因为它的格式不对），然后选中所有尾注文本（参考文献说明文本），点“插入|书签”，命名为“参考文献文本”，添加到书签中。这样就把所有的参考文献文本做成了书签。在正文后新建一页，标题为“参考文献”，并设置好格式。光标移到标题下，选“插入|交叉引用”，“引用类型”为“书签”，点“参考文献文本”后插入，这样就把参考文献文本复制了一份。选中刚刚插入的文本，按格式要求修改字体字号等，并用项目编号进行自动编号。

打印文档时，尾注页同样会打印出来，而这几页是我们不需要的。当然，可以通过设置打印页码范围的方法不打印最后几页。这里有另外一种方法，如果你想多学一点东西，请接着往下看。

选中所有的尾注文本，点“格式|字体”，改为“隐藏文字”，切换到普通视图，选择“视图|脚注”，此时所有的尾注出现于窗口的下端，在“尾注”下拉列表框中选择“尾注分割符”，将默认的横线删除。同样的方法删除“尾注延续分割符”和“尾注延续标记”。删除页眉和页脚（包括分隔线），选择“视图|页眉和页脚”，首先删除文字，然后点击页眉页脚工具栏的“页面设置”按钮，在弹出的对话框上点“边框”，在“页面边框”选项卡，边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“本节”；“边框”选项卡的边框设置为“无”，应用范围为“段落”。切换到“页脚”，删除页码。选择“工具|选项”，在“打印”选项卡里确认不打印隐藏文字（Word默认）。

注：以上在word中的处理是比较常用的做法，不过作者需要了解，投稿稿件是word格式或pdf格式或wps格式，但是很多期刊是用方正排版系统排版的，二者不“兼容”。因此，作者的word投稿只是编辑部排版的原稿，排版问题作者无需太过担心；而作者如想要编辑部出刊前最后的电子稿（有些作者着急要清样或已经排版的电子稿）其实也没有太大意义，因为没有方正的软件就无法打开这个电子稿。