英语听力教学论文开题报告

说是获取信息的重要渠道，是读写的基础。听说训练有助于儿童的心理发展。听说能力是在听说实践活动中形成和发展的，教师应该运用各种途径，创造训练环境，采取多种方法，寻找多种机会，激发学生听说的兴趣，提高训练的有效性。一、应当重视听说训练听说作为一种门头语言，应用十分广泛，它又是读写的基础如果我们不失时机地在低年级从听说训练人手．逐步加强读写因素，那么，口头语言的发展必然会促进书面语言的迅速发展，反过来，书面语言的发展也会丰富和改进口头语言。专家对儿童发展的心理研究证明，三岁到八岁是智力发展的最佳期，也是语言发展的最有利时期。我们若能抓住这一智力和语言发展的最佳时期，重视听说训练，进行有意识的培养，必将有助于促进听说水平的提高。有利于认识能力的发展。二、听说训练的途径学生在日常的学习和生活中，听说的机会很多，我们应该注意随机训练与专项训练的有机结合。1．充分利用教材，结合课堂教学，进行随机训练。教材是提高学生语言水平的主要依据，善于挖掘教材中有利发展语言的因素，抓住各个阶段听说能力培养的重点，有意识地结合进行随机训练，就能有效地提高学生听说能力。语文课本安排了很多彩色图。这既是进行常规训练的好教材，又是进行听说训练的好机会。在拼音教学阶段，着重训练学生听音的能力，在读准每个字母的基础上，结合每幅插图练习说一、两句话或编一句顺口溜，这都是进行听与说的训练。在识字教学中，除要求学生读准字音外，还要求他们能听清别人的读音，能辨析近音字。在扩词练习时，一边自己动脑，一边注意听同学们组的词，说过的不重复。同学朗读时听每个字音是否读得正确，有念错的要及时指出。在看图拼音识字，看图学词、句这类教材中，也应十分重视口语的训练，经常进行由字组词、再造句的练习，引导学生看清图意，展开联想，培养学生从说一句话到能说几句话。结合阅读教学中的回答问题，进一步要求学生辨别同学们说话意思是否正确，语句是否完整。经常注意这方面的训练，培养学生注意听、动脑想、仔细辨的习惯，学生就能从听中发现对错、好坏，听到好词，同学会赞扬，稍有差错，同学会指出。此外，在教学过程中，鼓励学生对同学的回答提出补充意见，对问题发表不同看法，都有助于听说能力的培养。在训练过程中，逐步增加难度，既符合教材体系的安排，又容易为学生所接受。与此同时，学生的注意力、辨别力都能得到训练，从而养成良好的听说习惯。2．设立“听说课”进行专项训练。在教学实践中，发现学生听说能力的高低，往往要受其知识水平、生活经验的限制，为了丰富生活，扩大知识面，增加多听、多说的机会，每周从语文课中抽出一节课，作为“听说训练课”，对学生进行有计划、有系统的训练，以提高学生听和说的能力。上好一堂听说课．重要的是怎样选材。我认为：一是利用语文教材中现有的插图、每个基础训练中看图说话等教材，培养听说能力；二是查阅各种有关教学杂志中的实例，有机配合进行训练；三是自编教材。根据这三种来源制订整个学期的授课计划，这样就可进行有计划、有系统的训练，扩大学生的知识面，丰富他们的语言。

英语论文开题报告范文参考

下面是一篇由我为您整理的英语论文的开题报告范文，虽然不是特别好，但也反应了开题报告的格式和写法，有一定的.借鉴价值。

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

The method of DTS is basically descriptive. The prescriptive tendency and the problem-solution pattern is abandoned. Translation phenomena are noted down. With accumulated data, some underlying truths about translation will come out which will prove to be instructive not only for theoretical probe but also for applied translation practice. I will apply this descriptive method in the case study of this thesis.

A convenient tool has been set up to conduct DTS. “Norm” is operative at every stage of description and explanation. Function, process and product and their relationship as well are skeletal structure of what constitute descriptive studies. Translation phenomena are accounted for with the help of norm.

The case taken in this thesis is the Chinese classic The Dream of Red Mansions. Two English versions translated respectively by Yang Hsien-yi and David Hawks are compared and observations are made in regard to their translation approaches.

In this regard, my observations are limited to several aspects, I hope in-depth observation and explanation will done in light of DTS.

2 Outline

2.1 Development and major concepts of DTS

In this part I will describe Holms’ basic map of DTS and the relationship between function, process and product. I will also discuss some important concepts such as pseudo-translation, multiple translation, translationese, norm etc.

2.2 Methodolgy

I will in this part discuss the methodology of DTS before I apply the same to the case study in this thesis with emphasis to be placed on semiotic approach and the concept norm.

2.3 DTS in contrast to other theories

A contrast study will be conducted here with the objective to find the difference of DTS from other theories such as equivalence theory and the Chinese Xin Da Ya criteria. Some advantage will possibly be shown in this study.

2.4 Case study

In this part, translation of The Dream of Red Mansions (also translated as The Story of The Stone) will be under investigation in light of DTS. Translation samples to be quoted here will be selected at random.

2.5 Conclusion

Based on the above elaboration of DTS and the case study, possible conclusion will be on the advantage of DTS in specific study of translation. Suggestions on further research efforts will be made also.

(Note: While the topic will remain the same, the above arrangement of contents is subject to change in the process of writing.)

附录1- 引文范例

“It is therefore pointless to try to make TC more scientific than is sensible in view of its complex subject-matter and available methods. Translating is a mental, multi-factorial activity which cannot exhaustively be investigated within a linguistic framework ignoring the person of the translator.”(Wilss, 1982: 217)

“噢，这就是恐水病吧?你们贵族圈子怎么流行起这种病来啦?真够呛的!费芬斯小姐，您喝点茶大概没关系吧!”’(张南峰，1990：59-60)

附录2- 参考文献范例

Wilss, Wolfram. The Science of Translation – Problems and Methods. Gunter Narr Verlag Tubingen,1982.

Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation. New York: Prentice Hall, 1988.

Delabastita, Dirk. Translating Puns: A false Opposition in Translation Studies. Target, 1991(3:2):137-152.