英语研究论文读写教程的翻译

新视野大学英语第三册Unit 3课文翻译海德中学的办学宗旨是：如果你向学生传授诸如求真、勇敢、正直、领导能力、好奇心和关心他人等美德的话，学生的学习成绩自然就会提高。该校的创始人约瑟夫·高尔德声称学校的教学很成功。海德中学位于缅因州巴思市，每年的学费高达1.8万美元，因其教导问题少年有方而闻名遐迩。“我们并不把自己看作一所专为某一类孩子而开设的学校，”马尔科姆·高尔德说。他是约瑟夫的儿子，毕业于海德中学，现任海德中学校长。“我们把帮助孩子培养一种生活方式看作自己的职责，办法是倡导一整套能影响所有孩子的价值观念。”现在，乔·高尔德(约瑟夫·高尔德)正试图将他尚有争议的“品德第一”的理念向旧城区的公立学校推广。这些学校愿意将用于传统教学计划的税金用于实施这一新的教学方法。海德公立学校第一个教学计划始于1992年9月。但几个月后，该计划即告暂停。教师们对教学计划的高要求以及高强度工作所带来的压力表示抗议。今年秋天，海德基金会计划在巴尔的摩启动初步的公立学校教学计划。教师要接受培训，以便今后能在整个巴尔的摩体系内胜任工作。美国其他学校的领导们也在关注这个教学计划。去年秋天，在家长的一片抗议声中，海德基金会在康涅狄格州纽黑文市郊区的一所中学内启动了一个引人注目的教学计划。当地居民担心该校可能招进来旧城区的少数民族学生和问题学生。就像在缅因州那样，求真也在康涅狄格州的这所中学得到广泛推崇。在一堂英语课上，11名学生用最后的5分钟展开激烈的讨论，依照1－10的评分标准相互评价他们当天的课堂表现。“我得10分。”“我有意见。你既没做语法作业，也没做拼写练习。”“那好，就7分吧。”“你只能得6分。”“等等，我可是全力以赴的。”“是的，可你今天没提问。”在解释自己的教育方法时，乔·高尔德指出，对传统的教育体制不能只是改革。他说“无论怎样改革”，用马和马车“是改革不出汽车的”。 海德中学认为“每一个人都有自己的独特潜能”，这种潜能的基础是品格而不是智力或财富。良知和苦干受到推崇。成功由不断进步来衡量，而不是由学习成绩来评定。学生必须相互负责。为了避免美国中学使用的其他品格培养方案所引发的争议，高尔德解释说，“全力以赴”这一概念并不是要强迫学生接受某一套道德原则或宗教观念。海德中学的课程与那些为升入大学做准备的传统学校所开设的课程相似，包括英语、历史、数学和自然科学。但所有的学生都必须选修表演艺术和体育，还要提供社区服务。在每门课程中，学生都会得到一个综合了学习成绩和“努力程度”的分数。在巴思市，97%的海德中学毕业生都升入了大学本科。在海德中学的综合教育中，父母的参与是一个关键的组成部分。为了使孩子被该校录取，家长也必须同意接受并实践学校的思想和观点。家长们签约同意每月出席一次区域小组会议(共20个区域小组)，每年去区域休养所三天，每年至少参加三次巴思市的研修班、讨论组和研讨会。在很多活动中，缅因州学生家长的出席率高达95%。乔和马尔科姆·高尔德都说，当孩子们见到自己的父母都在全力以赴时，他们也会竭尽全力。他们说，对许多家长而言，最困难的是让他们意识到自己的不足。公立学校学生家长的活动计划仍在制定之中。这项工作的困难要大得多，因为很难使家长相信他们的参与很有价值。在纽黑文市录取的100名学生中，有30%左右的家长出席了各类特别会议。这一低出席率违背了他们在教学计划开始实施时所做的承诺，当时海德中学的官员曾与300个家庭进行了面谈。巴思市一名在公立学校教书达14年之久的教师说，一旦问题得到解决，海德教学计划就会在公立学校中获得成功。他乐观地认为，一旦家长们投入到计划当中，他们就会成为孩子们日常行为的榜样，这与寄宿学校的学生家长完全不同。一名曾任教于旧城区学校的教师如今在从事纽黑文教学计划。他说，教师也能从中受益。“在这里，我们真正开始集中精力与每一个学生建立卓有成效的关系。我们的重点真的是先考虑师生关系，然后是师生共同探讨学业。而在传统的中学里，是先考虑教师和教材的关系，然后再考虑师生关系。” 师生关系在海德中学被进一步深化了。对教职员工的评估由学生来进行。19岁的吉米·迪巴蒂斯塔今年5月将从巴思校区毕业，并准备升入大学。对此他感到惊奇。几年前，他还觉得自己的前途“是在监狱，而不是在大学”。 迪巴蒂斯塔还记得他刚到海德中学时的情景。“我来这儿时，见人就侮辱，就咒骂。其他每所学校都会说：‘滚出去！我们这儿不要你。’我来到这儿，他们却说：‘我们有几分喜欢这种活力，但并不喜欢它消极的一面，我们要将它转化成积极的东西。’”++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++以国家为背景探讨解决问题或做出决策的方式就意味着研究许多复杂的文化因素。它意味着设法评估这些因素对现代生活的影响，也意味着把握目前正在发生的变化。在日本，最重要的是你为什么单位工作。在对取向或决策过程进行分析时，这一点尤为重要。至少，它说明了美国工作流动性大而相比而言日本工作稳定性高的原因。尽管我们在许多方面存在差异，但这些差异并无优劣之分。一种特定的管理行为模式是由多个独特的文化因素复合发展而成的──因而仅在一定的文化中起作用。让我来描述一下三四种日本文化的特征，它们以某种方式影响着决策以及解决问题的方式。这些特征是相互联系的。首先，在日本，任何处理问题的方法或任何谈判都体现着“你对你”的方式，这有别于西方“我对你”的方式。差别在于：在“我对你”的方式中，双方都坦率地从自己的观点出发提出主张──他们说出自己想要什么，希望得到什么。如此一来就形成了对峙的局面，西方人也十分善于应付对峙局面。日本人所采用的“你对你”方式则立足于双方──自然而然地并常常是下意识地──力图理解对方的观点。因此，会晤的目标是双方共同努力减少对峙，谋求和谐。第二个特点基于“一致共识”及“由下而上”的原则。在日本，各阶层所有人员的想法和意见都会得到认真考虑。无论是在私人企业还是政府部门均是如此。在日本，人们力求团体的统一，不论这团体是家庭、公司还是国会。差别在于，西方式的决策多半源自高层管理人员，通常不征求中层管理人员或员工的意见；而在日本，最底层的人员也能提出想法，然后通过组织上传，对最后的决策产生影响。此谓“由下而上”。日本特有的交流方式也与西方的不同。即使生意没做成，日本商人也力求和睦相处，愿意花费必要的时间来确立“你对你”的交流方式，仅仅间接而巧妙地表达个人意见。这就产生了对时间的不同见解。在日本，把工作做得全面、彻底比西方那种按限期完成工作的态度更受推崇。由于侧重点的不同，日本人不仅在生产上讲求彻底，开会也讲求彻底。因此，美国人对许多日本公司接二连三的会议感到很厌烦。美国人总是急于做出具体决策，而日本人却试图制定一个大方向。另一方面，一旦签署了某个协议，却常常是日本人惊讶于西方人履行协议时的拖沓。日本人急于前行，而西方人因需要时间作详细计划，则可能落后。现在，虽然日本的工业和技术得到了高度发展，但它们并未取代人力能源和动力的根本力量。我这么说的意思是，日本人引以为豪的是，无论需要多少时间，他们都会把一项工作做完并做好。这需要有奉献精神和责任感，在这个机械时代里，它们仍然没有被抛弃。在我的工作领域──金融和证券业，常有西方人问我，野村证券公司是如何避免美国公司所面临的交易单流通堵塞的。我们也碰到过这个难题。东京证交所每天通常有2到3亿笔交易。这个交易额是纽约证交所的许多倍。怎样才能处理好这么巨大的数额呢?第一，我们拥有极为先进的计算机。第二，也是最重要的，负责处理这些交易的操作人员一直工作直到任务完成。也许20年后，或许用不了这么久，他们就会更加西方化，会坚持一到5点就下班回家。但在今天，大多数人依然坚持待到工作完成。这是对质量的真正关心。“紧要关头，鼎力相助”是日本人处理问题时的一个重要方面，存在于日本社会的各个阶层。几年前，松下公司遇到难关。在他们所采取的措施当中，有一项就是松下先生──公司的创始人和当时的董事长──调任销售部经理。同样，当我们野村证券公司五年前改用电脑系统时，新系统使700名员工失去了原来的工作。但我们并没有解雇他们；相反，我们将他们转为证券销售人员，其中有些如今成了这方面的骨干。只要有智慧，只要肯努力，就可以在公司里通过努力获得成功。在日本，一个人的才能不会被局限于一个固定的领域。我们认为，对于员工的忠诚奉献，公司应予以回报。**************************************************

UNIT11. No matter how experienced a speaker you are, and how well you have prepared your speech, you will have difficulty making a speech at such a noisy reception.2. Just as all his sister’s friends cared about him, Jimmy cared about them.3. Car manufacturers stamp a vehicle identification number at several places on new cars to help track down stolen vehicles.4. If you dare tell on me when the teacher gets back I won’t say a word to you any more.5. Some elderly people prefer to live on their own while the great majority choose to live with their children.6. Here is something that needs to be reckoned with: how to get the necessary finances to establish the company. UNIT21. The defendant, a woman of only 30, kept insisting on her own innocence.2. All tings considered, dates, beans and some leafy green vegetables are the best sources of iron.3. No beverages are served with meals because they interfere with digestion.4. Taking the popularity of the region into consideration, it is advisable to book hotels in advance.5. If you have a feeling of wanting to throw up after taking this drug, stop taking it immediately and consult your doctors as soon as possible.6. Summing up the discussion, he said both parties should consider the most effective way to solve the problem.UNIT31. In his thinking, as in his behavior, he is very traditional.2. Once the teachers agree to accept the new teaching program, they have to face the strain it puts on them.3. In the long run, it is worthwhile to pursue one’s study after graduating from university instead of going to work directly.4. As the school operates on the Character First principle, moral values and academic achievements are stressed equally.5. It is said that the meeting, which is scheduled to be held this month, will be put off till next month.6. The school sees its job as preparing its students for life by cultivating a comprehensive set of principles that can benefit all of them.UNIT41. Everything considered, this city is the world’s most exciting city.2. Though with no approval from his parents, he went ahead with his plan to study abroad.3. The bridge was named after the hero who gave his life for the cause of people.4. It is said that the painter used his mother as the model in the painting whose face represented suffering yet strength.5. The writer instantly rose to fame in 1950 with the publication of a novel inspired by his experience with a girl on a farm.6. One story says that “US” was short for “Uncle Sam” whose real name was Sam Wilson, who had once worked with a man who had signed a contract with the government to provide meat to the US Army. UNIT51. Not until he saw his mother lying in bed, dying, did he realize how much he loved her.2. Taking into account of his recent physical condition, I think he has done quite well in the exam.3. Mrs. Clark lies in bed motionless, and I wondered briefly if she is still alive.4. The building was darkened except for a single light burning in a third-storey window.5. These soldiers have received very strict training and are well equipped to fulfill the new task.6. He reached for the phone, picked it up, and dialed the hotel’s number. UNIT61. We should try our best to forecast earthquakes so that destruction of property caused by them could be prevented as much as possible.2. A farmer noticed large schools of fish swimming near the surface of the water, which, he said, indicated the possible occurrence of an earthquake.3. Keep an English-English dictionary handy, and when you cannot understand a word with accuracy, you may refer to it any time.4. If necessary, people who live in the area where an earthquake is about to occur may sleep in tents.5. A master’s degree does make a great difference to a student who wants to get a job.6. In addition to the knowledge about earthquakes, the book tells us how to prepare for them. UNIT71. An interesting question therefore remains as to how far Microsoft can go with Gates as its CEO.2. There’s/It’s no use complaining since nothing ever changes as the result of a complaint. What’s important is to take measures to prevent similar events from happiness.3. Learn to accept the fact that some people you thought were friends turn out to be enemies.4. As you would expect from the book’s title, there are many references to what kind of man Gates is.5. The prosperity of the company stems from hardworking and thrifty of the entire staff.6. He said nothing at all on the subject of the play which was put on for the first time Saturday night.UNIT81. It sounds like a good idea, but what if it’s a trick? 2. Cities and towns in this area suffered a lot from the earthquake with Jiujiang and Ruichang among the worst-hit. 3. He complained that they should not have got involved in it in the first place. 4. For Mary’s sake, I can lend you my car to get around your transport problem. 5. In theory it’s feasible to clone a child to harvest organs, but in practice it would be psychologically harmful to the child. 6. He published an article under the name of Braver which stresses the idea that the process of cloning animals would work for humans as well. UNIT91. Word came yesterday that they were killed while trying to reach the summit. 2. Under no circumstances shall I mention to anyone that I have turned down the invitation to her wedding. 3. It made the headlines that the president’s wife threatened her husband with public exposure. 4. That wealthy lady’s repeated demand for a premarital agreement greatly harmed her prospective husband’s self-esteem and ended up in his refusal to get married. 5. Make no mistake about it, some women would insist on the right to get a divorce if their husbands did not earn as much as they expected. 6. The casual discovery of the fingerprint shed some light on the murder he had been looking into. UNIT101.1 went to the library and read whatever I could find about the causes of the mysterious disappearances of the ships and planes in the Bermuda Triangle. 2. Continue treating friends like this, and you will lose them all. 3. They must know their product thoroughly and know how to promote sales by word of mouth, telephone or letter. 4. It suddenly dawned on me that money couldn't make up for all that he had suffered in the past five years. 5. Some people refer to translation as science while others take it as art. 6. Instead of imposing personal views upon others, we should promote democracy.

)Action of “Latvia’s Dialogues” is directed to promotion of the Inter-ethnical dialogue and development of civil society; 译：‘拉脱维亚谈话’行动引导和促进了种族之间的对话何社会文明的发展。2) Research works: in History, in Environmental protection. 译：研究工作：在历史方面，在环境保护方面。3) Research of business strategies, Law; 译：业务策略，法律方面的研究。4) Organisation and support of culture, charity events. 译：对文化、慈善事业的组织和支持5) International Diplomatic projects; 译：国际外交战略。

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