关于素食护肤论文范文资料

Benefits of being vegetarian There has never been a better time to go vegetarian. Mounting evidence suggests that meat-based diets are not only unhealthy, but that just about every aspect of meat production - from grazing-related loss of cropland, to the inefficiencies of feeding vast quantities of water and grain to cattle, to pollution from "factory farms" - is an environmental disaster with wide and sometimes catastrophic consequences.There are 20 billion head of livestock on Earth, more than triple the number of people. According to the Worldwatch Institute, global livestock population has increased 60 percent since 1961, and the number of fowl being raised for food has nearly quadrupled in the same time period, from 4.2 billion to 15.7 billion. The 4.8 pounds of grain fed to cattle to make one pound of beef represents a colossal waste of resources in a world teeming with hungry and malnourished people. According to Vegfam, a 10-acre farm can support 60 people growing soy, 24 people growing wheat, 10 people growing corn - but only two raising cattle.Food First's Frances Moore Lappé says to imagine sitting down to an eight-ounce steak. "Then imagine the room filled with 45 to 50 people with empty bowls... For the feed cost of your steak, each of their bowls could be filled with a full cup of cooked cereal grains." Harvard nutritionist Jean Mayer says that reducing U.S. meat production 10 percent would free enough grain to feed 60 million people. U.S. animal farms generate billions of tons of animal waste every year, which the Environmental Protection Agency says pollute our waterways more than all other industrial sources combined. The infamous 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill dumped 11 million gallons of oil into Prudoe Bay, but the relatively unknown 1995 New River hog waste spill in North Carolina poured 25 million gallons of excrement into the water, killing 14 million fish and closing 364,000 acres of shell fishing beds. Hog waste spills have caused the rapid spread of Pfiesteria piscicida, which has killed a billion fish in North Carolina alone.Other than polluting water, beef production alone uses more water than is used in growing our entire fruit and vegetable crop. Also, more than a third of all raw materials and fossil fuels consumed in the U.S. are used in animal production. Meat also increases our carbon footprints. According to the United Nations' Food and Agriculture Organization, livestock around the world contribute more greenhouse gases (mostly methane) to the atmosphere - 18 percent of our total output - than emissions from all the world's cars and trucks."There is no question that the choice to become a vegetarian or lower meat consumption is one of the most positive lifestyle changes a person could make in terms of reducing one's personal impact on the environment," says Christopher Flavin of the Worldwatch Institute. "The resource requirements and environmental degradation associated with a meat-based diet are very substantial."

素食与健康，关于素食主义的辩论 东方的素食，通常认为起源于印度。由于宗教原因，印度是一个崇尚素食的国度，严格的印度教徒已经有两千年的素食历史。直到现在，印度人的饮食结构也是以素食为主。 在中国，古代的很多先哲们相信素食可以修身养性，益寿延年。到了魏晋南北朝时期，佛教从印度传入中国，虽然佛教在印度只要求戒杀生，并不要求素食，但梁武帝颁布了法令，禁止僧尼食肉，佛教在中国才成为素食的宗教。佛教使得素食在民间广泛传播。经历几个朝代后，中国的素食烹饪技巧达到了很高的水平。现代社会，以大量肉食为代表的饮食方式所带来的各种问题，正在逐渐威胁人类的生存。“富贵病”人群日益增多，动物种族的数量日渐萎缩，自然环境被不断破坏，疯牛病、口蹄疫、非典、禽流感接踵而至……随着时代的进步，人们逐渐开始了对“吃”的反省。如何吃不仅仅是个人的选择，更是一个社会现象，涉及到人与自然的和谐共处，甚至关系国计民生。素食是一种更健康更回归自然的饮食方式，既可为身体提供足够的营养，又色香味俱佳，还可以爱护动物，节约资源，保护环境，让人与自然更加和谐。素食向世人展现了一种更环保、更节能、更有人文关怀的一种生活方式。 各地的素食主义或多或少都跟宗教有一定的关系，大多数宗教的创始人都有素食的倾向，或者是彻底的素食主义者，在教义中也往往有非暴力，宽容，避免杀生的内容。基本上各宗教都能做到尊重生命、爱惜生命进而保护生命，素食主义跟这些理念不无渊源。 据史料记载，古代的日本人以谷类、豆类、蔬菜和少量的鱼类和贝壳类作为食物，几乎不食用禽肉和兽肉。佛教传入日本后，狩猎和捕鱼也成为禁忌。日本天皇还颁布过一项法令禁止食用鱼类和贝类，虽然几十年后，食用鱼类和贝类又被得到认可，但日本人真正开始吃肉是在大约130年以前。西方的素食起源于地中海地区。古希腊的许多智者都提倡素食，其中毕达哥拉斯可能是最早的素食者，所以，在1847年英文“Vegetarian”一词出现以前，不吃肉的人通常被称为毕达哥拉斯信徒或追随者。几个世纪以前，西方的一些宗教派别和修行团体也开始倡导素食，而真正具有里程碑意义的事件，是1847年诞生于英国曼彻斯特的第一个素食协会，此后，素食主义运动也在其他西方国家流行开来。一直以来，西方社会对健康、伦理和环境问题的关注，对素食主义的发展起到了很重要的推动作用。对现实社会里动物受到的种种悲惨待遇，激发人们从伦理学的角度对动物权利以及动物与人类关系的思考，很多人受此影响而选择了素食。 目前英国的素食者已经达到了400万，占总人口的7．5%；美国有2．5%左右的人口是素食者；荷兰、德国、意大利和西班牙等国，也有较高的素食者比例。然而，正当越来越多的西方人转向素食的时候，自古以农耕和素食为主的亚洲国家，却逐渐放弃了自己的饮食方式，反而开始追逐西方的肉食传统。这是很多素食者所担忧的一个问题。

我认为很好。

因为素食主义已经成为了新的流行方式，越来越多的人意识到素食的好处。其中不乏缺乏很多公知人物，例如：刘德华、施瓦辛格等等。这些人都是纯粹的素食主义者，他们的身体因为素食而变得越来越健康，身体衰老化也减轻了不好。

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素食主义是一种饮食的文化，实践这种饮食文化的人称为素食主义者，这些人不食用来自动物身上各部分所制成的食物，包括动物油、动物胶。世界各国或不同文化下的素食主义有所不同，有些素食主义者可食用蜂蜜、奶类和蛋类，有些则否。

素食主义

Meet your meat(dictated from PETA video by Daniel&Kevin ) you are about to see is beyond your worst nightmares. But for animals raised on modern intensive production farms and killed in slaughterhouses, it is cold, inescapable reality. Once you see for yourself the routine cruelty involved in raising animals for food, you'll understand why millions of compassionate people have decided to leave meat off their plates...for good.Caption: Chickens and TurkeysChickens are probably the most abused animals on the face of the planet. They are crammed into filthy sheds by the tens of thousands, immersed in their own excrement among the corpses of other birds，who died of heart attack or stress. Some even die of starvation brought on by becoming crippled from growing so large, so fast, that their legs cannot withstand the weight, which makes them unable to reach food。After being genetically manipulated, and fed antibiotics to promote unnatural rapid growth, their hearts, lungs and legs often break down under the added weight. Heart attacks and crippling leg deformities are far too common。.A PETA investigation found this farmer killing sick and injured turkeys by beating them with a metal rod then tossing them aside, leaving them still conscious and suffering. This was deemed legal and standard by the industry. These turkeys were left languishing for six hours，before being loaded back onto another truck to be taken, injured, to the slaughterhouse, another four hours from the scene of this accident. This undercover video shows the standard method of gathering chickens for slaughter. After enduring weeks of filthy crowded conditions, the animals are loaded onto trucks and taken through extreme weather conditions without food or water to slaughterhouses, where they are snapped into shackles by their fragile legs, and have their throats slit, often while still conscious. Many are scalded alive in the feather-removal tanks.Caption: Egg-laying HensIf you thought it couldn’t be any worse, think again. Between five and eleven hens are crammed into tiny wire cages during egg production. The animals might go insane from the oppressive conditions and attack one and another, so their beaks which are full of nerve-endings are painfully sheared off with a hot blade. These hens are so crowded; they are unable to spread even one wing during their entire miserable lives. They are unable to do anything natural, such as dust-bathing or foraging through the grass. It takes an average of thirty-four hours in these conditions to produce just one egg. When egg production drops, producers often shock the bodies of the worn out birds into another laying cycle by withholding food for up to fourteen days. Many die of starvation.. Because their bones are so weak, their bodies so worn down, up to ninety percent of hens have broken bones or are hemorrhaging by the time they make it to slaughter.Caption: Dairy Cows and Veal CalvesCattle are castrated, have their horns chopped off, and are repeatedly branded ... all without painkillers. At auctions，electric prods are used to torment the frightened animals into going where the workers want them to go. The USDA allows meat from animals with cancerous lesions and puss-filled wounds to be certified as USDA pure, so injuries and illnesses often go untreated. After enduring close to a year crammed into feed-lots, cattle are loaded onto transport trucks and shipped through all weather extremes. At slaughter, their throats are slit open, and many are skinned and dismembered while still fully conscious.Dairy cows have it even worse. Even though they give milk for the same reason that humans do, for their babies, on today’s dairy farms, mother cows are treated as nothing more than milk machines. Forty percent of dairy cows are lame by the time they reach the slaughterhouse. They are hooked up to machines a few times per day, machines that often injure them. At the end of their lives they either go straight to slaughter or are sold for slaughter at a cattle auctions. More than one hundred thousands cows are unable to walk off the transport trucks every year. Yet, they are slaughtered for human food anyway. At a fraction of their natural life span, they’re shipped to slaughter. Most hamburger in this country comes from spent dairy cows.Cows give milk for their offspring, not for human beings. These mother cows are impregnated annually to keep the milk flowing. And their babies are torn from them shortly after birth, which cause both of them profound distress. Many of the males are sold to veal farmers, who cram them into tiny crates where they cannot turn around or even comfortably lie down. If you are consuming milk, you are supporting the veal industry. Veal calves who can barely walk because their muscles have atrophied from lack of use and an anemia-inducing diet are also often sold at auctions.Caption: PigsConfined to tiny stalls, that don’t even allow mother pigs to turn around for most of their pregnancy, the first time that these animals will breathe fresh air is when they are on the back of a truck, headed for the slaughterhouse. Many will go insane from the complete lack of stimulation.Shortly after birth, baby pigs have their ears mutilated, the ends of their teeth chopped off, their tails cut off and they are also castrated -- all without any painkillers.Pigs, who aren’t growing quickly enough called ‘fall behinds’, are killed by being slammed head first against the concrete floor as you see here. Like chickens, pigs grow so quickly that they can't walk normally. Their limbs simply can’t sustain their drug-induced bulk. Many pigs become ill or injured but are not put out of their misery because, as long as they are still alive，they have a chance of generating profits for the company if they can make it to slaughter. Those who obviously can’t make it to the slaughterhouse are shot by a captive bolt gun so they don’t waste the company’s money by eating feed.Moving pigs by beating them with gate rods is one of the more common forms of abuse. Pigs are often packed so tightly together on unventilated trucks that their limbs snap under the weight of other terrified animals. And they sometimes freeze to the sides of the truck or die of dehydration. In fact, four hundred thousand pigs who are unable to walk off the truck arrive at slaughterhouses each year. One hundred thousand arrive dead. These are industry figures. Some speculate that the real numbers are much higher.After being electrically prodded and then forced onto the killing floor, improper stunning causes pigs to endure having their throats slit while thy are still awake. Some are burned alive in the scalding tank that is used for hair removal.Please think about what you have seen. Every time we sit down to eat, we make a choice. Please choose vegetarianism. Do it for the animals, do it for the environment, and do it for your health. To find out more, check out PETA’s vegetarian website Goveg.com or call for a free vegetarian starter kit at 1-888-VEG-FOOD . And share this with a friend. Thank you.