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首页 > 学术期刊 > 商务谈判毕业论文3000字

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冷夜寒池

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I HAVE A DREAM 我有一个梦想 如下:Five score years ago, a great American, in whose symbolic shadow we stand signed the Emancipation Proclamation. This momentous decree came as a great beacon light of hope to millions of Negro slaves who had been seared in the flames of withering injustice. It came as a joyous daybreak to end the long night of captivity. But one hundred years later, we must face the tragic fact that the Negro is still not free. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination. One hundred years later, the Negro lives on a lonely island of poverty in the midst of a vast ocean of material prosperity. One hundred years later, the Negro is still languishing in the corners of American society and finds himself an exile in his own land. So we have come here today to dramatize an appalling condition. In a sense we have come to our nation's capital to cash a check. When the architects of our republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence, they were signing a promissory note to which every American was to fall heir. This note was a promise that all men would be guaranteed the inalienable rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. It is obvious today that America has defaulted on this promissory note insofar as her citizens of color are concerned. Instead of honoring this sacred obligation, America has given the Negro people a bad check which has come back marked "insufficient funds." But we refuse to believe that the bank of justice is bankrupt. We refuse to believe that there are insufficient funds in the great vaults of opportunity of this nation. So we have come to cash this check -- a check that will give us upon demand the riches of freedom and the security of justice. We have also come to this hallowed spot to remind America of the fierce urgency of now. This is no time to engage in the luxury of cooling off or to take the tranquilizing drug of gradualism. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlit path of racial justice. Now is the time to open the doors of opportunity to all of God's children. Now is the time to lift our nation from the quicksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. It would be fatal for the nation to overlook the urgency of the moment and to underestimate the determination of the Negro. This sweltering summer of the Negro's legitimate discontent will not pass until there is an invigorating autumn of freedom and equality. Nineteen sixty-three is not an end, but a beginning. Those who hope that the Negro needed to blow off steam and will now be content will have a rude awakening if the nation returns to business as usual. There will be neither rest nor tranquility in America until the Negro is granted his citizenship rights. The whirlwinds of revolt will continue to shake the foundations of our nation until the bright day of justice emerges. But there is something that I must say to my people who stand on the warm threshold which leads into the palace of justice. In the process of gaining our rightful place we must not be guilty of wrongful deeds. Let us not seek to satisfy our thirst for freedom by drinking from the cup of bitterness and hatred. We must forever conduct our struggle on the high plane of dignity and discipline. we must not allow our creative protest to degenerate into physical violence. Again and again we must rise to the majestic heights of meeting physical force with soul force. The marvelous new militancy which has engulfed the Negro community must not lead us to distrust of all white people, for many of our white brothers, as evidenced by their presence here today, have come to realize that their destiny is tied up with our destiny and their freedom is inextricably bound to our freedom. We cannot walk alone. And as we walk, we must make the pledge that we shall march ahead. We cannot turn back. There are those who are asking the devotees of civil rights, "When will you be satisfied?" we can never be satisfied as long as our bodies, heavy with the fatigue of travel, cannot gain lodging in the motels of the highways and the hotels of the cities. We cannot be satisfied as long as the Negro's basic mobility is from a smaller ghetto to a larger one. We can never be satisfied as long as a Negro in Mississippi cannot vote and a Negro in New York believes he has nothing for which to vote. No, no, we are not satisfied, and we will not be satisfied until justice rolls down like waters and righteousness like a mighty stream. I am not unmindful that some of you have come here out of great trials and tribulations. Some of you have come fresh from narrow cells. Some of you have come from areas where your quest for freedom left you battered by the storms of persecution and staggered by the winds of police brutality. You have been the veterans of creative suffering. Continue to work with the faith that unearned suffering is redemptive. Go back to Mississippi, go back to Alabama, go back to Georgia, go back to Louisiana, go back to the slums and ghettos of our northern cities, knowing that somehow this situation can and will be changed. Let us not wallow in the valley of despair. I say to you today, my friends, that in spite of the difficulties and frustrations of the moment, I still have a dream. It is a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal." I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slaveowners will be able to sit down together at a table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a desert state, sweltering with the heat of injustice and oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day the state of Alabama, whose governor's lips are presently dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, will be transformed into a situation where little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls and walk together as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith with which I return to the South. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope. With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day. This will be the day when all of God's children will be able to sing with a new meaning, "My country, 'tis of thee, sweet land of liberty, of thee I sing. Land where my fathers died, land of the pilgrim's pride, from every mountainside, let freedom ring." And if America is to be a great nation, this must become true. So let freedom ring from the prodigious hilltops of New Hampshire. Let freedom ring from the mighty mountains of New York. Let freedom ring from the heightening Alleghenies of Pennsylvania! Let freedom ring from the snowcapped Rockies of Colorado! Let freedom ring from the curvaceous peaks of California! But not only that; let freedom ring from Stone Mountain of Georgia! Let freedom ring from Lookout Mountain of Tennessee! Let freedom ring from every hill and every molehill of Mississippi. From every mountainside, let freedom ring. When we let freedom ring, when we let it ring from every village and every hamlet, from every state and every city, we will be able to speed up that day when all of God's children, black men and white men, Jews and Gentiles, Protestants and Catholics, will be able to join hands and sing in the words of the old Negro spiritual, "Free at last! free at last! thank God Almighty, we are free at last!" 几年前,一位伟大的美国人,在其象征的阴影我们签署了解放宣言。这一重要的法令是一个伟大的指路明灯的希望数以百万计的黑人奴隶谁已经烙在火焰枯萎不公正。这是一个欢乐的黎明,结束漫漫长夜的囚禁。但是,百年之后,我们必须面对的悲惨事实,即黑人仍然没有自由。 一百多年后,生活的黑人仍是可悲的残废了手铐的隔离和歧视的锁链。一百多年后,黑人生活在一个孤独的岛屿贫困正处在远隔重洋的物质繁荣。 100年后的今天,黑人仍挣扎在弯道中的美国社会,并认为自己是流亡在自己的土地。 因此,我们今天来到这里,开始表现令人震惊的状况。从某种意义上讲,我们来到我们国家的首都,以现金支票。当我们共和国的缔造者的宏伟话写在宪法和独立宣言,他们签署了期票的每一个美国人是属于继承人。 这说明是一个承诺,所有的人将得到保障不可剥夺的权利,生命权,自由权和追求幸福。很显然,美国今天已经拖欠本本票,因为她的公民的颜色感到关切。不是纪念这一神圣的义务,美国的黑人提供了一个坏的人检查了回来标有“足够的资金。 ”但是,我们拒绝相信,正义是银行破产。我们拒绝认为,没有足够的资金在大拱顶的机会,这个国家。 所以,我们来兑现这张支票-支票这将给予我们的需求财富的自由和安全的正义。我们还来到这个神圣的位置,提醒美国的紧迫性,现在激烈。这是没有时间去从事豪华降温或采取安定药物的渐进。现在是时候

216 评论

Lena睡美梦

浅议商务谈判的技巧 谈判的双方要充分认识到谈判应是互惠互利的,是基于双方(或多方)的需要,寻求共同利益的过程。在这一过程中,每一方都渴望满足自身直接与间接的需要,但同时必须顾及对方的需要,因为只有这样谈判才能最终成功。谈判中的互惠互利是各方先认定自身的需要,再探寻对方的需要,然后与对方共同寻找满足双方需要的条件和可行途径;满足自身需要和预测对方需要应成为整个谈判的中心,把对方视为问题的解决者,既给对方以温和,又给对方坚持原则,摆事实,讲道理,由互相对立的局面,变为同心协力的一体,在高效率和协调人际关系上达成协议。 一、做好商务谈判的准备工作 1.知己知彼,不打无准备之战 在谈判准备过程中,谈判者要在对自身情况作全面分析的同时,设法全面了解谈判对手的情况。自身分析主要是通过对拟谈判的进行可行性研究。了解对手的情况主要包括对手的实力、资信状况,对手所在国(地区)的政策、法规、商务习俗、风土人情以及谈判对手的谈判人员状况等等。 2.选择高素质的谈判人员 商务谈判从某种程度上讲是谈判双方人员实力的较量。谈判的成效如何,往往取决于谈判人员的学识、能力和心理素质。一名合格的商务谈判者,除了具备丰富的知识和熟练的技能外,还应具备自信心、果断力、富于冒险精神等心理状态,只有这样才能正视挫折与失败。而商务谈判又常常是一场群体间的交锋,单凭谈判者个人的丰富知识和熟练技能,并不一定就能达到圆满的结局,应选择合适的人选组成谈判班子。成员各自的知识结构要具有互补性,从而在解决各种专业问题时能驾轻就熟,并有助于提高谈判效率,在一定程度上减轻了主谈人员的压力。 3.设定让步的限度 商务谈判中经常遇到的问题就是价格问题,这也是谈判中利益冲突的焦点问题。在谈判前,双方都要确定让步的底线,超越这个限度,谈判将无法进行。让步限度的确定必须有一定的合理性和科学性,要建立在调查研究和实际情况的基础之上,如果把限度确定的过高或过低,都会使谈判出现冲突,最终导致谈判失败。 二、恰当运用商务谈判的策略 谈判的直接目的是为了达成各方满意的协议。在谈判中,双方既有为争取自身利益最大化的对抗关系,又存在着重要的合作关系,在谈判中,要恰当运用谈判策略,才能避免利益间的冲突使谈判陷入僵局。 1、 刚柔相济 在谈判中,谈判者的态度既不能过分强硬,也不可过于软弱,前者容易刺伤对方,导致双方关系破裂,后者则容易受制于人,而采取“刚柔相济”的策略比较奏效。谈判中有人充当“红脸”角色,持强硬立场,有人扮演“白脸”角色,取温和态度。“红脸”可直捅对方敏感部位,不留情面,争得面红耳赤也不让步。“白脸”则态度和蔼,语言温和,处处留有余地,一旦出现僵局,便于从中回旋挽回。 2、 拖延回旋 在商务谈判中,对态度强硬、咄咄逼人的对手,可采取拖延交战、虚与周旋的策略,通过多回合的拉锯战, 使趾高气扬的谈判者感到疲劳生厌,逐渐丧失锐气,等对手精疲力竭的时候再反守为攻,这样可使自己的谈判地位从被动中扭转过来。 3、 留有余地 在谈判中,如果对方向你提出某项要求,即使你能全部满足,也不必马上做出答复,而是先答应其大部分要求,留有余地,以备讨价还价之用。 4、以退为进 让对方先开口说话,表明所有的要求,我方耐心听完后,抓住其破绽,再发起进攻,迫其就范。有时在局部问题上可首先做出让步,以换取对方在重大问题上的让步。 5、利而诱之

264 评论

雁塔陶瓷001

参考下面3篇,希望能有帮助: 【题名】:突破国际商务谈判僵局的技巧 【摘要】:造成国际商务谈判僵局的主要原因有:立场分歧、沟通障碍、谈判人员的素质等。要突破谈判僵局需要采取以下技巧:公正客观,以诚相待;据理力争,以硬碰硬;避重就轻,临阵换将;借用外力等。 【题名】:试论商务谈判中化解僵局的策略 【摘要】:现代商务谈判中出现僵局并不可怕。关键在于认真分析造成僵局的根由,采取恰当合理的策略。应对得当即能化险为夷寻求破局之良方,达到共赢的结果。本文将僵局归纳为策略性僵局、情绪性僵局和实质性僵局。在此分类基础上分别提出了化解不同僵局的技巧和作法。【题名】:浅议商务谈判僵局的处理方法与技巧 【摘要】:谈判进入实际的磋商阶段以后,谈判各方往往由于某种原因而相持不下,陷入进退两难的境地。我们把这种谈判搁浅的情况称为“谈判的僵局”。来自国内不同企业,以及其他不同国家或地区的谈判者,怀着对各自利益的期望或对某一问题的立场和观点,一时难以形成共识,双方又不愿互作让步,就很容易形成僵局。

150 评论

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