言论自由毕业论文外文翻译

J. Y. Interpretation No.509Holding：The freedom of speech, a fundamental right guaranteed by Article 11 of the Constitution, requires that the government grant a maximum amount of protection for free speech. Only under the purview of the constitutional protection can we fully realize and express ourselves, pursue the truth,and take part in all manners of political and social activities. However, in light of protecting other fundamental rights such as personal reputation and privacy and public interests as well, the freedom of speech is not an absolute right but subject to reasonable statutory restraints imposed upon the communication media. Article 310, Paragraphs 1 and 2, of the Criminal Code criminalizes defamation in order to protect individual legal interests, a necessary countermeasure to prevent one's infringement of others' freedoms and rights. Such restraints do not violate Article 23 of the Constitution. Article 310, Paragraph 3, of the Criminal Code provides truth as an affirmative defense against a conviction of criminal defamation. This provided defense purports to protect truthful speeches and to demarcate the reach of the government's penal power. However, it is not a corollary that for a successful assertion of the defense, an accused disseminator of a defamatory statement would have to carry the burden of proving its truthfulness. To the extent that the accused fails to demonstrate that the defamatory statement is true, as long as the accused has reasonable grounds to believe that the statement was true when disseminated and has proffered evidence to support the belief, the accused must be found not guilty of criminal defamation. This provision does nothing to exempt a public or private prosecutor from carrying his/her burden of proof to show that the accused has the requisite mens rea to damage another person's reputation, an evidential burden mandated under the criminal procedures, nor does it exempt the court from its obligation of discovering the truth. Accordingly, Article 310, Paragraph 3, of the Criminal Code does not violate the freedom of speech as it is protected under the Constitution.

摘要Abstract 近年来，随着人们生活水平的提高，对汽车乘坐舒适性的要求也越来越高。汽车行驶的平顺性和操纵的稳定性已经逐渐成为其在现代市场竞争中夺取优势的一项非常重要的性能指标。本文首先通过建立汽车悬架系统的七自由度整体模型图，运用结构动力学和振动知识推导出系统在正弦激励下的拉格朗日方程，并简化为振动微分方程形式，通过MATLAB编制优化程序，求出系统的复特征值和在特定参数下的响应变化图形。然后，简述现代汽车悬架系统的各种控制方法，模拟仿真出系统在不同的刚度和阻尼下输出响应的图形，通过比较分析，为半主动悬架系统的减振器的阻尼和弹性元件的刚度控制提供根据。最后，得出本文的结论。即，汽车悬架的动力响应和控制分析与刚度和阻尼的变化之间的紧密联系。 In recent years, with the improvement of people's living standard, it is higher and higher to take the requirement for comfortableness to the car. Whom car go getting smooth-going and stability that handle become their capture one important performance index very of advantage among modern market competition gradually already. This text, through setting up whole model picture of degree of freedom seven that the car hung a system at first, use structural dynamics and vibration knowledge to derive the system out to encourage Lagrangian equation under in the sine, simplify it for the vibration differential equation form, work out the procedure of optimizing through MATLAB, ask out systematic replying characteristic value and response under the particular parameter and changing the figure. Then sketch Hyundai Motor hang sets of various of system control method, simulation emulation produce system output the figure responded under different rigidity and damping, through comparative analysis,hang sets of damping and rigidity of components elastic of shock absorbers of system control offer to half voluntarily according to. Finally, draw the conclusion herein. I.e., the car power of hanging the shelf responds and controls the close connection between analysis and change of rigidity and damping.关键词：汽车悬架；响应；控制分析Keyword: The car hangs the shelf; Response; Control and analyze

Chinese Abstract: In recent years, China to continuously promote the democratic process, the media's freedom of expression has also gradually opened up. Some of the past by the party and government and other "leaders" were Crimping the problem, now more or less the total to be received under the sun, to accept the people's supervision. Media freedom of speech but also a certain extent, affected the normal judicial trials. The news media on the court trial of the cases reported in achieving the public's right to know, to expand the transparency of trials and public face, to the court just, honest, civilized and efficient trials has played a positive role, but the media in supervision of the court trial work The positive impact, but also to the case of work which had some negative impact, such as one-sided reports, misleading the audience, disrupted the trial, and so on. The resulting object was reported under tremendous pressure from public opinion to character, reputation, property, and so may suffer tremendous damage and loss. At present, China's emergence of some "news trial" a certain extent, affected the normal justice, and therefore, in this new situation, how it is necessary to give full play to mass media in the administration of justice and the promotion of supervision, to avoid the mass media The administration of justice may have negative effects: it is necessary to protect citizens enjoy freedom of expression in accordance with the law and the media enjoy freedom of the press, while maintaining the principle of judicial independence and judicial authority. I tried from the press, news infringement, the relationship between the media and the judiciary and the media, and other aspects of public opinion on the cause and its specific performance, to propose solutions to these problems and achieve a harmonious unity between the reality of social significance. Key words: news trial; media intervention; supervision by public opinion; justice; countermeasures.

In recent years, as a result of our country democratic progress's unceasing advancement, the media freedom of speech also had gradual letting loose. Some pasts might and so on “the chief leader” was pressing by the party politics the question, now somewhat must attain under the sun, accepted people's surveillance. But in the media opinion's freedom certain extent has also interfered with the normal judicature administration of justice. The news media places on trial the case to the court the report to realize the public right to know, the transparency which and the public surface the expanded case places on trial, urged the court fairly, honest, civilized, to place on trial the case aspect to play the positive role highly effective, but media surveillance while produced positive influence to the court administration of justice, also gave the case administration of justice to bring some negative influences, for instance the report was one-sided, misleading audiences, disturbance trial and so on. From this creates was reported that the object withstanding huge public opinion pressure, causes its personality, the reputation, the property and so on possibly to suffer the huge injury and the loss. At present China appears some “the news trial” in the certain extent has affected the normal judicial trial situation, therefore, under this kind of new situation, how both can display the mass media fully to the judicature the surveillance and the promoter action, and must avoid the mass media the negative influence which possibly creates to the judicature: The freedom of the press which legally both must protect the citizen to enjoy the freedom of speech which and the media enjoys, and must maintain the jurisdiction independence the principle and judicature's authority. The author from the news trial, the news right infringement, the media and judicature's relations and media aspects and so on supervision of public opinion elaborates the reason which and some concrete performance it produces, proposed that solves these question means as well as both achieves the harmonious unification to the realistic society's significance. 新闻审判；News trial媒体介入；Media involvement舆论监督；Supervision of public opinion司法公正；The judicature is fair对策。 Countermeasure