食品安全英文论文

Annex 3: Agricultural Policy and Food Security in China 中国农业政策与食品安全 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction Food security and the performance of the agricultural sector Agricultural development strategy, policies and food security China's food economy prospects Issues and challenges Concluding Remarks References--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Introduction China's effort to produce enough to feed its growing population has long been recognized. It feeds over one-fifth of the world's population with only one-fifteenth of the world's arable land. In recent history, China has either exported food or imported relatively little. China was a net exporter of food, even of grain, in the 1950s. Although China became a net importer of grain in the 1960s, the share of net imports to total domestic consumption was marginal. Net import shares reached approximately three percent in the early reform period (1978-84), then declined to approximately one percent in the following period (1985-90). China has since become a net grain exporter, except in 1995 when it had a record level grain imports of nearly 20 million tons. Net exports between 1992 and 1994 were over 5 million tons annually. While China's grain imports may grow slightly in the coming decades, the nation has developed a strong position as a net exporter of food (both grain and non grain) in value terms by exporting high value-added foodstuff including livestock products and other processed foods during the reform period. Net food exports grew to billion US dollars in 1985 and peaked at billion dollars in 1993, from a state of balanced trade (in value terms) in 1980 (China Customs Statistics). China's future food security, however, is a subject of growing concern. First, although China's food production has grown over the last several decades, year-to-year fluctuations of food supply and prices are significant. Market stabilization and food price inflation have been among the major targets of government policy since the late 1980s. The Chinese government considers maintaining a comparatively high level of food self-sufficiency, avoiding supply shocks, and stabilizing consumer prices, a matter of national security and stability: Only when the Chinese people are free from food availability and stability of food supply worries can they concentrate on and support the current reform, thus ensuring a sustained, rapid and healthy development of the economy (The State Council, 1996). To this end, the government recently adopted measures to stabilize domestic food supply and stabilize the market - these measures include administrative and economic intervention in food distribution and marketing systems, national and local food reserve schemes, price regulations, international trade, factor markets, and rural infrastructure development. Secondly, food security and access to food are mainly poverty issues. Although national economic growth is strong, it is uneven across regions. Farmer's incomes in the central and eastern regions of China continue to grow more rapidly than those in the west and southwest. Income inequality among regions, between rural and urban areas, and within regions continues to grow (MOA, 1997). In the early 1980s, tremendous progress was made in addressing China's poverty problem, mainly due to the government's rural reform program. However, this progress has slowed down over the past ten years. Finally, China's food supply availability could be a major food security issue in the coming decades if policies were not formulated in the right directions. Worldwide, food production growth rates have outpaced population growth in recent decades, implying increased food

健康食品 一提起健康食品，人们通常都会马上联想到蔬菜、水果，而视油腥为大敌。实际上，很多肉类、油料作物、动物内脏也对人体健康的维持起到很关键的作用。但直至现时为止，香港或其它西方国家如美国和澳大利亚在法律上并没有对健康食品下定义，而台湾就把健康食品定义为“提供特殊营养素或具有特定之保健功效，特别加以标示或广告，而非以治疗矫正人类疾病为目的之食品”。因此，现时在市场上所谓的健康食品包括食物补充品、功能食品和天然食品等。虽然卫生署及食物环境卫生署监管健康食品上的卷标、营养声称和营养素功能声称，但是消费者委员会曾发现市场上部分产品有夸张失实的声称，更有部分不乎合世界卫生组织的水平。消费者必须查看清楚产品的来源、性质及功能，亦不要尽信售货员的推销，应咨询有关专业人士的意见。全球公认的健康食品生命的营养源牛奶：每100克牛奶含蛋白质克，脂肪克，碳水化合物5克，钙120毫克，磷93毫克，铁毫克，硫胺素毫克，核黄素毫克，尼克酸毫克，维生素A42毫克，维生素C1毫克。牛奶蛋白质中赖氨酸含量仅次于蛋类，胆固醇含量每100克中仅含16毫克。最佳蔬菜：红薯既含丰富维生素，又是抗癌能手，为所有蔬菜之首。其次是芦笋、卷心菜、花椰菜、芹菜、茄子、甜菜、胡萝卜、荠菜、苤蓝菜、金针菇、雪里红、大白菜。最佳水果：依次是木瓜、草莓、橘子、柑子、猕猴桃、芒果、杏、柿子和西瓜。 最佳肉食：鹅鸭肉化学结构接近橄榄油，有益于心脏。鸡肉则被称为“蛋白质的最佳来源”。最佳健脑食物：菠菜、韭菜、南瓜、葱、花椰菜、菜椒、豌豆、番茄、胡萝卜、小青菜、蒜苗、芹菜等蔬菜，核桃、花生、开心果、腰果、松子、杏仁、大豆等坚果类食物以及糙米饭、猪肝等。最佳汤食：鸡汤最优，特别是母鸡汤还有防治感冒、支气管炎的作用，尤其适于冬春季饮用。最佳食油：玉米油、米糠油、芝麻油等尤佳，植物油与动物油按1∶0．5的比例调配食用更好。最佳茶类：绿茶；绿茶有助于防止辐射健康食品具体介绍蔬菜十三鲜 入榜“最佳蔬菜”的有13种，都是我们平时经常会吃到的。 香甜的红薯最让人流连，也许你不一定每天吃，但是红薯里含有丰富的纤维、钾、铁和维生素B6，不仅能防止衰老、预防动脉硬化，还是抗癌能手，所以它被选为蔬菜之首。 北京市食品研究所张嘉芷教授说，日常饮食讲究酸碱搭配，健康人PH值要达到左右，而我们平日吃的肉类几乎都是酸性食品，所以要和碱性食物搭配在一起吃，蔬菜中卷心菜、芹菜、胡萝卜等就是碱性食品，可以多吃一些。 除了上面提到的几种蔬菜，芦笋、花椰菜、茄子、甜菜、荠菜、苤蓝菜、金针菇、雪里红、大白菜也要记得多吃。 九种水果香甜可口 一说到营养就会提到水果，可关于水果的营养价值众说纷纭，人们真是不知道究竟吃哪种水果好了，不过，入榜的九种权威水果倒不可不信。 头号水果就是木瓜，虽然富含维生素C的橘子、柑子也入选了，但是木瓜里的维生素C却远远多于橘子的含量，而且木瓜还有助于消化人们体内难以吸收的肉类，能防止胃溃疡。 肉甜汁美的草莓不但汁水充足，对人体健康还有极大好处，尤其爱美的女孩可要多吃点，因为草莓可以让你的肤色变得红润，还能减轻腹泻。有意思的是，草莓还能巩固齿龈、清新口气、滋润咽喉。而且，草莓叶片和根还可用来泡茶，真可谓“浑身是宝”。 此外，猕猴桃、芒果、杏、柿子、西瓜这几种香甜多汁的水果也跻身最佳食品之列。 荤菜吃出名堂 荤菜虽然脂肪含量比较大，但却是日常饮食中不可或缺的，所以要吃出点名堂来，荤菜也能给身体均衡营养。 进榜的最佳肉食当数鹅肉、鸭肉和鸡肉，张嘉芷教授介绍说，鹅肉和鸭肉的化学结构很接近橄榄油，对心脏有好处，尤其是老人不妨适当多吃点。鸡肉是公认的“蛋白质的最佳来源”，老人、孩子更要及时补充。 吃过肉记得喝鲜汤，最优质的汤非鸡汤莫属，特别是母鸡汤，还有防治感冒、支气管炎的作用，尤其是冬、春季喝效果更好。 养脑巧吃零食 现在用脑过度的人非常多，吃什么最能养脑是这些人最关心的问题，这不，榜上就评出了最佳护脑的食品，还有不少可以当零食吃呢，快来试试吧。 蔬菜中菠菜、韭菜、南瓜、葱、花椰菜、菜椒、豌豆、番茄、胡萝卜、小青菜、蒜苗、芹菜都有补脑作用。此外，核桃、花生、开心果、腰果、松子、杏仁、大豆等壳类零食对脑子也很有好处。 关于垃圾食品垃圾食品，是指仅仅提供一些热量，别无其它营养素的食物，或是提供超过人体需要，变成多余成分的食品。世界卫生组织“通缉”的垃圾食品前三名是油炸食品、腌制食品和加工类的肉食品。虽然这三类食品几乎是我们每顿正餐都会出现的，但摄入过多却会加重身体负担。

From this incident,we can see that there are still more things to be government needs everything possible to ensure the quality of products,particularly the safety of food as this concerns everyone's for the producers,it is very important for them to be morally should never try to pursue profit or economic growth at the expense of health and life of consumers must attach importance to the things we eat and develop an awareness of how to protect our legal rights if cheated.

我们中国人写这些个干什么