bayueshisan
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容：
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况：
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。
张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲：
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
Banyantree212
行政管理毕业论文开题报告
开题报告是指开题者对科研课题的一种文字说明材料。这是一种新的应用写作文体，这种文字体裁是随着现代科学研究活动计划性的增强和科研选题程序化管理的需要而产生的。下面是一篇行政管理毕业论文开题报告范文，供大家参考。
一、本课题的目的和意义
在日常办公中，通常会遇到许多常用的数据，比如邮件地址、日程助手、日常记事等，这些数据通常凌乱不堪，在需要时不知道存放在何处，从而影响工作效率。因此，我们设计了能满足这种需求的系统——中小企业办公自动化管理系统。
通过中小企业办公自动化管理系统对企业日常办公进行管理，满足了企业日常办公管理各方面的需求，实现了企业员工之间短消息的发送与接收功能，大大的方便了企业内部人员沟通。网站提供的前后台的公告与公文信息的管理方便员工及时的了解公司的动态。其他功能模块的设置使企业的日常管理步入了科学系统管理的轨道上。
二、本课题的主要研究内容(提纲)
完成“中小企业办公自动化管理系统”的设计，中小企业办公自动化管理系统是一个适应于中小型企业的能满足日常办公需求的管理系统，本系统初步拟定由以下六个模块组成。
(一)个人通讯录
该模块用作每一个登录系统的用户来维护自己的通讯录，通讯录中需要保存的信息有姓名、性别、手机、E-mail地址、QQ号码、公司、家庭住址、邮编。通知本模块个人用户可以自由维护个人的基本信息以及自由添加联系人信息;可以方便查询联系从，可以修改或删除某一个联系人。
(二)日程安排模块
该模块用作当前的登录用户添加、修改、删除和查看自己的日程安排列表。本模块中应该保存的信息有：用户名、年份、月份、日期、安排内容。
(三)工作日志模块
该模块用作当前的登录用户添加、修改、删除和查看自己的工作日志列表。本模块中应该保存的信息有：用户名、年份、月份、日期、日志标题、日志内容、记录时间。
(四)短消息管理模块
该模块用作当前的登录用户给系统内的其他用户发送短消息，并可以查看其他用户发来的消息。本模块中应该保存的信息有：接收者、发送者、消息内容、发送时间、是否阅读。
(五)公告管理模块
该模块用作用户发送通知，大家都可以查看，只有发送通知的用户才有权修改、删除该通知。本模块中应该保存的信息有：公告填写人、公告标题、公告内容、公告时间。
(六)会议管理模块
该模块用作用户发送会议通知，供所有的用户查看，且只有发送通知的用户才有权修改、删除该通知，它应该包括如下几个部分。
(1) 通知列表页面包括发布、修改、删除、清除通知、浏览通知内容和填写反馈意见等6个操作功能。
(2) 发布、修改通知页面。
(3) 浏览通知内容页面。
(4) 填写反馈意见页面。
三、文献综述(国内外研究情况及其发展)
人们普遍使用计算机来提高个人工作效率，但是在需要许多人一起协同工作的现代工作环境中，我们更需要提高我们的整体工作效率。办公自动化，一个极大的概念，一个炒作了很久的概念。无论是办公设备公司，还是系统集成公司，都大力推出自己的办公自动化产品。可见，办公自动化中内容庞大，可为空间不可小视。那么，首先我们来探讨一个问题，什么是办公?办公实际就是文件的制作、修改、传递、鉴定、保存、销毁、存档的过程。那么随着文件的这一流程，产生了各种各样的`设备。随着技术的发展，计算机网络技术的进步，办公自动化网络的建设也得到了大力推广。
办公自动化提了多年，但效果并不明显，人们还是停留在单机字处理和表格处理的所谓办公自动化的初级阶段。信息的交流和共享，以及团队的协同运作等无法完美的实现，极大地限制了工作的效率。Internet的迅猛发展，为信息的交流和共享，团队的协同运作提供了技术的保证，同时也预示着网络化办公时代来临。
传统的办公自动化系统和大型MIS系统在处理企业管理流程中大多采用企业业务流程重组(BKR)，其核心思想就是要先优化企业业务管理流程，再根据优化后的流程建设企业信息系统。这样不仅在系统建设中工作量巨大，同时面临来自企业内部重重的阻碍。
四、拟解决的关键问题
本系统中拟解决的关键问题有以下三个：
(1) 数据库设计是项目开发和系统设计中非常重要的一个环节，是因为数据库设计就像建设高楼大厦的根基一样，如果设计不好，在后来的系统维护、变更和功能扩充时，甚至在系统开发过程中都会引起比较大的问题。
(2) 企业员工之间短消息的发送与接收。相关的细节有怎样实现员工之间一对一与一对多以及多对多短消息的发送与接收。
(3)企业发布会议通知的管理以及如何构建网络会议室实现企业内部员工之间在网络中举行日常会议。
五、研究思路和方法
本系统要实现企业在日常办公时所需要的基本功能，并采用MVC三层架构开发模式，即Struts+Spring+Hibernate三层架构，这些组件可以进行交互和重用;数据库连接池的统一管理，如果程序需要连接，则从此池中取出一个连接使用，使用完后又返回给该池，这些连接可以互用，从而提高的效率。
另外，在构建开发环境的时候，我们使用MySQL+Tomcat+MyEclipse+CVS，由于这四者的结合已经相当优越，并且MySQL是一个免费的开源数据库，Tomcat是一个免费开源的Web服务器，MyEclipse是一个免费开源的Java集成开发工具， CVS是一个流行的版本控制工具。
在开发模式与开发环境都架构好之后就可着手进行系统的数据库设计与系统原型的构建，这些工作做完之后，就可在系统原型的基础上对系统的各种功能模块进行扩充以至完善，并最后完成此系统的开发交付用户使用。
洁博利郑少波
论文开题报告怎么写？分享论文开题报告模板给你！直接套用！
每一个内容都有参考句式，把自己的研究内容往上套即可。
1. 论题的背景及意义
例：...研究有利于全面...的特点，可以丰富现...的研究。
这一...研究可以弥补......研究的不足，深化与之密切相关......的研究......研究。
......角度进行研究，运用相关的......理论分析...问题，突破传统的......的角度去研......的模式，使......的研究能从一个新的角度获得解决方法。
2. 国内外研究现状
例：......在国际的研究现状；......国内的研究现状。
文献评述（把上面的国内外的研究现状总结一下即可）
3. 研究目标、研究内容和拟解决的问题
A研究目标与内容
例：
本文拟......分析......分析两部分。首先对......情况重新审视，深入分析......，然后与其相关的......进行异同比较，最后归纳......的类型，并得......启示。本文的研究重点是.....情况
B拟解决的问题
例：
根据对......的现有研究成果，在全面考察的......情况下，结合......综合考虑......因素，以确定......
绘制相应的......模型后，通过实验结论证实其......的有效性和合理性。
4. 研究方法
例：
文献研究法：通过图书馆、互联网、电子资源数据库等途径查阅大量文献，理解......等相关知识，理清......的发展脉络及研究现状，学习......有关理论，获取......等相关数据信息，为设计......提供思路和参照。
实验研究法：通过设计......选取......，进行数据分析，考察.......。
统计分析法：运用......数据分析软件，采用人工操作和计算机统计向结合的方法，进行定性与定量分析。经过人工和计算机校对筛选出所有合乎要求的信息，在定量研究的基础上进行定性分析。
5. 创新之处和预期成果
例：
通过与现......技术的结合，使用......软件设计模型，......运用到......方面提供新的视角。
6. 进度计划（根据自己院校修改相应时间即可）
例：
2020年10月中旬-2020年11月底确定论文选题，完成开题报告及答辩。
2020年12月初-2021年1月底撰写论文大纲完成论文前X章
2021年2月初-2021年2月底撰写论文后X章，完成初稿。
2021年3月初-20213月底交导师审批修改，完成二稿。
2021年4月初-2021年4月底进一步修改格式，完成三稿。
2021年5月初-2021年5月中旬查重定稿，装订成册及论文答辩准备。
7. 已取得的研究工作成绩
例：
已积累了一定的相关文献，初步研读了其中的大部分文献，并将其分类以方便日后查阅参考，基本完成了本研究的准备工作。
8. 已具备的研究条件、尚缺少的研究条件和拟解决的途径
已具备的研究条件
例：
已经查阅到相关的论文和著作，并且研读了其的大部分文献，理清了论文的基本思路。
尚缺少的研究条件
例：
由......的使用权限有限，使得搜集到......不多，关......的搜集比较困难。
对......的理论知识的掌握还不够，自己......理论素养还不够深厚。
拟解决的途径
例：
利用图书馆的文献传递功能，向其他高校图书馆求助，同时向老师和前辈寻求帮助
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文 以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考! How to Deal with Ellipsis in
yanjinshujie 3人参与回答 2023-12-08 翻译专业开题报告 开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。 How to Deal
李小姐梦游记 2人参与回答 2023-12-09 翻译硕士怎么写开题报告 开题报告主要说明这个课题应该进行研究，自己有条件进行研究以及准备如何开展研究等问题，也可以说是对课题的论证和设计。开题报告是提高选题质量
音为爱899 1人参与回答 2023-12-11 翻译专业开题报告 开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。 How to Deal
浮云秋叶 3人参与回答 2023-12-07 是有关什么的开题报告呢。
枫糖17苹果派 4人参与回答 2023-12-10 