工程热力学学位论文

近二十年来，以振动为主要原因造成的恶性事故相继发生，给国家造成了巨大经济损失。而且，振动问题目前仍是新投运大机组不能按期并网、正常投运的主要原因，在机组正常运行期间，振动问题连续不断，影响到正常生产，经常出现机组减负荷和带病运行的情况，甚至使机组被迫停机处理，这些事故屡见不鲜。本系统基于LabVIEW虚拟仪器软件平台，对汽轮机振动信号进行读取加窗，并进行谱分析及自相关分析。LabVIEW虚拟仪器就是在以通用计算机为核心的硬件平台上，由用户设计定义、具有虚拟前面板、测试功能由测试软件实现的一种计算机仪器系统。本系统主要完成了对汽轮机振动信号进行读取，对信号进行矩形窗、汉宁窗、海明窗的加窗选择，然后分别进行信号的幅值谱、功率谱、相位谱分析及自相关分析，并且具有图形操作及显示界面。系统运行结果证明，本系统能够完成对信号的读取，并进行三种窗函数及各种分析的动态选择，并用图形显示结果。Over the last 20 years, mainly due to the vibration caused by the fatal accidents occurred one after another, inflicting huge economic losses. Furthermore, the vibration is still new to large units shipped impossible grid, the normal operation for the main the crew during normal operations, continuous vibration problems affecting the normal production, Units often reduced load and operation of the sick, and even the unit was forced to stand, these incidents not uncommon. The system based on LabVIEW virtual instrument software platform for turbine vibration signal window read, and spectral analysis and correlation analysis. LabVIEW virtual instrument is a common core of computer hardware platform, defined by the user, with virtual front panel, the test function test software from a computer equipment system. The system completed the turbine vibration signal read, the signal rectangular window Hanning, Hamming window window choice, and then the signal amplitude spectrum, power spectrum and phase spectrum analysis and correlation analysis, and operating with graphics and display interface. The result of running the system proved that the system can accomplish the signal read, and three window function and the dynamic analysis of the various options and graphical display with the results.专业前景 本专业以工程热物理学科为主要理论基础，以内燃机和正在发展中的其它新型动力机械及系统为研究对象，运用工程力学、机械工程学、自动控制、计算机、环境科学、微电子技术等学科的知识和内容，研究如何把燃料的化学能和液体的动能安全、高效、低（或无）污染地转换成动力的基本规律和过程，研究转换过程中的系统和设备的自动控制技术。随着常规能源的日渐短缺，人类环境保护意识的不断增强，节能、高效、降低或消除污染排放物、发展新能源及其它可再生能源成为本学科的重要任务，在能源、交通运输、汽车、船舶、电力、航空宇航工程、农业工程和环境科学等诸多领域获得越来越广泛的应用，在国民经济各部门发挥着越来越重要的作用。 培养目标 本专业方向培养具备热能与动力工程专业方面的基本理论、基本知识和基本技能，能在国民经济各部门从事热力发动机和其它新型动力机械及设备的设计、制造、管理、教学和科研等方面的高级工程技术人才。 培养特色 本专业在加强学生基础理论和综合素质教育的同时，加强计算机及自动控制技术的应用，强化专业实践教学，注重全能训练，全面提高学生的实践动手能力和科学研究潜力，使毕业生具有较强的择业竞争能力和较宽的就业适应能力。 主干课程 机械制图、机械原理、机械设计、理论力学、材料力学、工程材料、电工技术、电子技术、计算机软件基础、液压技术、液力传动、内燃机构造、内燃机原理、内燃机设计、内燃机试验、发动机电子技术、工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、自动控制理论、现代测试技术等。 就业方向 毕业后可从事能源与动力设备的行政管理、内燃机及新型动力设备的开发研制、内燃机排放控制、新能源利用、汽车工业、兵器工业、环保工业、交通运输业、船舶、电力、航空宇航工业等方面的工作。The prospect of major works of the major hot in physics as the main theoretical basis to the internal combustion engine and the other is the development of new machinery and power systems for the study, the use of engineering mechanics, mechanical engineering, automation, computers, environmental science, microelectronics technology disciplines, such as content knowledge and to study how the chemical energy of fuel and liquid kinetic energy security, high-performance, low (or none) of pollution to the power into the basic law and the process of research in the conversion process of the automatic control systems and equipment technology . With the growing shortage of conventional energy, human the growing awareness of environmental protection, energy saving, high efficiency, reduce or eliminate polluting emissions, the development of new energy and other renewable sources of energy has become an important task for the subjects in the energy, transportation, automotive, ships, electricity, aviation aerospace engineering, agricultural engineering and environmental science in many fields such as access to more and more widely used, the department in the national economy is playing an increasingly important role. Cultivate cultivate goal with the direction of the major thermal power projects with the major aspects of the basic theory, basic knowledge and basic skills, to engage in various departments in the national economy and other heat engines power the new machinery and equipment design, manufacture, management, teaching and scientific research aspects of advanced engineering and technical personnel. Cultivate major characteristics of the students in strengthening the basic theory and the overall quality of education, to strengthen the computer and automatic control technology, and strengthen the teaching of professional practice, pay attention to all the training, students enhance the practice of comprehensive practical ability and scientific research potential, so that graduates have strong competitiveness and a wide choice of employment adaptability. Mechanical Drawing trunk curriculum, mechanical principles, mechanical design, theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering materials, electrical technology, electronics technology, computer software foundation, hydraulic technology, hydraulic transmission, the internal combustion engine structure, the principle of internal combustion engines, internal combustion engine design, the internal combustion engine testing, engine electronic technology, engineering thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat transfer, automatic control theory, modern test technology. Employment after graduation can be engaged in the direction of energy and power equipment, administration, internal combustion engines and new development of power equipment, internal combustion engine emission control, new energy use, the auto industry, the weapons industry, industrial environmental protection, transport, shipping, electricity, air space industrial vehicles are not the only air polluters. Coal and oil, used to heat homes and factories and to generate electricity, contain small amounts of sulfur. When the fuels are burned, sulfur dioxide, a poisonous gas, is produced. It is irritating to the lungs. Some cities have passed laws that allow coal and oil to be burned only if their sulfur content is low. 汽车不是唯一的空气污染。煤炭和石油，用于家庭取暖和工厂，并产生电力，含有少量的硫。当燃料燃烧，二氧化硫，一种有毒气体，就产生了。它是刺激到肺部。一些城市已通过法律，允许煤炭和石油只有在其被烧毁硫含量低。Most electricity is generated by steam turbines. About half of the sulfur dioxide in the air comes from burning fuel to make steam. Nuclear power plants do not burn fuel, so there is no air pollution of the ordinary kind. But the radioactive materials in these plants could present a danger in an accident. Also, there is a problem in disposing of the radioactive wastes in a way that will not endanger the environment. 大部分电力是由蒸汽涡轮机。关于空气中的二氧化硫，使蒸汽一半来自燃料燃烧。核电厂不烧燃料，所以不存在的那种普通的空气污染。但是，在这些植物的放射性物质可能会提出一个意外的危险。此外，还有一个在放射性废物处置的方式，不会危害环境的问题。Another type of pollution, called thermal (heat) pollution, is caused by both the fuel-burning and nuclear plants. Both need huge amounts of cold water, which is warmed as it cools the steam. When it is returned to the river, the warm water may stimulate the growth of weeds. It may also kill fish and their eggs, or interfere with their growth.另一种污染类型，称为热（热）污染，是造成双方的燃料燃烧和核电厂。双方都需要的冷水，这是温暖，因为它大量的蒸汽冷却。当返回到河边，温暖的水会刺激杂草生长。它也可以杀死鱼，它们的卵，或干扰他们的成长。Physicists are studying new ways of generating electricity that may be less damaging to the environment. In the meantime, many power plants are being modernized to give off less polluting material. Also, engineers try to design and locate new power plants to do minimum damage to the environment.物理学家们正在研究发电对环境损害较小的新方法。与此同时，许多发电厂也在实现现代化以减少污染物质。此外，工程师们尝试设计并找到对环境的损害最小的新的发电厂。Thermal energy and power engineeringThis program is to cultivate both master thermal energy and power engineering professional basic theoretical knowledge, computing skills, but also the ability in various forms of generating power plant, refrigeration and air conditioning, new energy related fields in need of economic management knowledge and ability, can be engaged in the electric power industry related to areas of science and technology application, research, development and management of a senior talents. According to the national construction and talents needs, set up the professional direction includes: thermal power engineering, power plant set control operation, refrigeration and air conditioning engineering, gas power engineering, advanced energy engineering courses: theoretical mechanics, mechanics of materials, engineering thermodynamics, engineering fluid mechanics, heat transfer, turbine principle, boiler principle, thermal power plants, the pump and fan, automatic control theory, motor learning, circuit theory, the control system, unit unit operation principle, thermal process detection technology, engineering graphics, mechanical design basis, electrician technical basis, electronic technology base, refrigeration and cryogenic principle, refrigeration compressor, refrigeration automation and testing technology, gas turbine principle, gas gas-steam combined cycle power plant, gas turbine combined-cyde operation and maintenance, nuclear reactor theoretical basis, nuclear system and the maintenance, the PWR nuclear power plant system and equipment, wind power generation principle, professional place to go: large-scale modernized electric power enterprise, power equipment manufacturing enterprises and energy class enterprise engaged in production, operation and management work, Government departments at all levels and institution engaged in energy, power, energy saving, environmental planning, design, construction, operation, consultation and supervision work; etc. Research institutes, universities in energy and power related research and development, teaching, management, etc.

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动 力 工 程 Power Engineering摘要：动力工程是研究工程领域中的能源转换、传输、利用理论、技术和设备的工程技术领域。其工程硕士学位授权单位培养从事能源转换技术、热工设备、动力机械的研究、设计、开发、制造及技术改造和技术攻关、工程管理的高级工程技术人才。研修的主要课程有：政治理论课、外语课、工程数学、工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、燃烧理论、热工自动控制、传热设备及技术、热工系统与设备、热工测量与控制、热力设备过程数值模拟与控制、能源系统工程、热力学、工业生态学、计算机技术基础及现代管理学基础等。一、概述动力工程是研究工程领域中的能源转换、传输和利用的理论和技术，提高能源利用率，减少一次能源消耗和污染物质排放，推动国民经济可持续发展的应用工程技术领域。它与人类的生产和生活密切相关，既有悠久的历史，又属于21世纪经济发展中的能源、信息、材料三大前沿领域之一。蒸汽机的发明是现代动力工程的开端，也标志着第一次工业革命的开始。随着当今社会生活对动力的需求不断提高，电子技术、计算机技术、材料科学等高新技术对热能传输和控制的迫切要求以及资源、环境与生态问题的日益突出，动力工程理论和技术工作者正面临着新的挑战，必将在能源高效利用、洁净燃烧、远程节能和自动控制以及热能传输控制等诸多方面出现新的突破，并会对今后的人类文明产生重大影响。本领域涉及动力工程及热工装置的设计、制造运行、控制、试验研究的基础理论、工程技术和研究方法。所有的研究内容都离不开动力或能量的传递，现代动力工程也广泛应用电子技术、计算机技术、材料科学和控制技术等各个学科的知识。因此，动力工程相关的学科领域有：工程热物理、热能工程（包括电厂热能动力、冶金热能工程、供热通风与空气调节等学科）、动力机械及工程（包括内燃机、汽轮机、锅炉与换热设备等学科）、流体机械及工程、化工过程机械、制冷与低温技术、以及电子技术、计算机技术、材料科学和控制技术等。二、培养目标培养从事动力工程领域科学研究与开发应用、工程设计与实施、技术攻关与技术改造、新技术推广与应用、工程规划与管理等方面，紧密联系能源转换、传输与利用、工艺工程节能和污染物质排放控制的高级工程技术人才。动力工程领域工程硕士应当在本学科内掌握必要的基础理论和专门知识，了解本学科相关技术的发展状况，能够熟练地阅读外文资料，具有较强的独立担负工程技术工作和从事科学研究的能力，包括掌握热工设备、能源转换和动力装置的工作原理及其设计制造和试验研究的方法和技能，掌握对生产工艺、过程热工和设备进行检测与控制的原理及方法，能够对热工和环境问题进行理论分析、试验研究和经济评价。三、领域范围适用的行业领域包括：热力发电、冶金、发动机制造、锅炉及换热设备制造、工业炉窑制造、材料工程、石油化工、机械制造等。覆盖的学科研究领域包括：工程热物理、热能工程、动力机械及工程、制冷与低温技术、流体机械及工程、化工过程机械等。四、课程设置基础课：科学社会主义理论、自然辩证法、外语、工程数学基础、计算机技术及应用等。技术基础课：工程热力学、流体力学、传热学、燃烧理论、热工自动控制等。专业课程：传热设备与技术、热力系统和设备、热工量测与控制、热力设备过程数值模拟与控制、能源系统工程、工业生态学、热理学以及针对行业、选题或其它要求的选修课程。上述课程可定位为学位课或非学位课。此外，还可以根据实际情况进行不同的组合和设置。课程学习总学分不少于28学分。五、学位论文论文应来源于生产实际或具有明确的工程背景与应用价值，并具有一定的技术难度和工作量。如新产品开发、设计，设备技术改造与革新，产品质量检测分析或生产管理信息系统的研究等。结合企业的实际课题进行研究工作，根据研究结果撰写论文。对于新产品设计与开发技术的成果，论文应该具有设计方案的比较、评估，设计计算书，完整的图纸；对于重大技术改造和革新的成果，应该具有对原设备与技术的评价，改造和革新方案的评述及结果的技术和经济效果分析；对于产品质量控制和试验成果，必须有试验方案、完整的实验数据、数据处理分析方法、结果分析；对于生产设备管理成果，必须给出新的管理理论体系，对企业产量和质量作效果分析，并给出创新管理信息系统等。