小淘的萌
想要写一篇优秀的英文科研论文,就要先知道什么是优秀的论文什么不是。 编辑不喜欢看到的文章类型: (1)逻辑混乱的文章 (2)用语不当夸大其词或表述有误 (3)语法和其他错误百出
通常而言一篇科研论文包含以下部分: Title Abstract Introduction Results Discussion Materials and Methods Acknowledgements
标题是编辑或者阅读者首先看到的,因此取一个好标题至关重要。 我们要用最少的单词概括出文章的主题,对标题有以下三点要求: 1.简洁,完整,易懂 2.避免出现化学式或特殊符号 3.通常采取以下三种形式:短语式、句子式和主副式,比如: 短语式: Cyro-EM structure of human DNA-PK holoenzyme A vital sugar code for ricin toxicity 句子式: Suppression of MAPK11 or HIPK3 reduces mutant Huntingtin level in Huntington's disease models Intermittent fasting promotes adipose thermogenesis and metabolic homeostasis via VEGF-mediated alternative activation of macrophage 主副式: Class I histone deacetylases are major histone decrotonylases: evidecnce for critical and broad function of histone crotonylation in transcription
Abstract的目的是为了帮助读者快速了解文章的内容。 有以下几个要求: 1.独立性和完整性 可以单独存在并能够传达全文核心思想 2.简洁、准确、逻辑性强 因为Abstract有字数限制,我们必须用短短几句话说明全文的核心思想,因此每一个单词和句子都要仔细斟酌 3.形式符合期刊的规范 以发表在Cell Research 的‘5-Hydroxymethylcytosine signatures in cell-free DNA provide information about tumor types and stages’为例:
Green:课题背景 高亮:结果(可以简单提实验方法) 红线:总结(可以适当展望提升)
1.介绍本文研究领域的发展状况(mini-review) 介绍内容一定是与本文主线最相关的研究背景。重要的点一定要涉及到。细节处可以在文中提及时再介绍。 2.通过讨论本研究领域为解决的问题(包括自己之前发表论文未解决的问题),自然过渡到介绍你的实验目的和重要性。 3.在结尾简单介绍本研究所做的内容和结论。 注意: 一定要在有限的篇幅内全面介绍已知科学背景,但是不要过度铺开,只要围绕文章主线着重介绍相关的背景即可。
相对而言这是一篇文章最轻松的部分,但是此部分也是最容易犯错的部分。通常方法材料部分的语法检查最不仔细,常见问题包括:时态、单复数、主动被动语态
1.逻辑很重要,有条理的叙述故事。注意段与段间的逻辑。可以在每一部分的小结果的开篇写一些承上启下的句子以连接段落。
讨论是相对难写的部分,讨论不是对结果简单的罗列,而是对结果进行更为深入的讨论: 你的研究解决了领域中哪些问题和疑惑 你的研究提出了哪些新的可能 以后应该怎样去进一步研究等 一般,还可以在结尾处再总结一下自己的研究成果
1976年,William Zinsser在《On Writing Well》提出优秀写作的三原则:
被动态包括:宾语+谓语+主语,或宾语+谓语 eg: Upon the chemical treatment, the activation of XX signaling pathway could be observed. 可以修改为: We could observe the activation of XX signaling pathway upon the chemical treatment.
General dysfunction of the immune system has been suggested in both mouse and human studies. 可以修改为: Both mouse and human studies suggested that XX (disease) cause general dysfunction of the immune system.
1.不需要介绍性短语。例如:as it is published; as it is known
2.去掉没有意义的词。例如: important
3.啰嗦的词简化,把精力花在主要的句子上 a majority of ->most a number of ->many all four of the ->the four due to the fact that ->because give rise to ->cause
4.重复意义的词或句子用一个 limit condition, output performance
5.剪掉一些副词:very, really, quite
6.用肯定语气 not harmful ->safe does not have ->lacks not correct ->wrong be not the result of A but B ->reflect B rather than A
7.不要常用there is/are There are many ways in which we can handle this case. ->We can handle this case in many ways.
The data suggest there is an association between temperature and crop diseases. ->The data suggest an association between temperature and crop diseases.
It is likely that there exists functional redundancy among XX proteins. ->It is likely that functional redundancy among XX proteins exists.
8.用标点符号来改变句式,精简语言 分号(semicolon): 连接两个独立的从句。 圆括号(parenthesis): 加入解释或一些想法,即使没有这部分句子也应该是独立的。 冒号(Colon): 分隔能力弱于分号,比破折号要正式。用于列举,引用,举例,第二个从句是第一个从句的延伸。 破折号(dash): 表示强调,解释或定义。留给重要的用处。
在英文写作中我们常犯的问题: 1.科学用语的准确性 2.时态错误(描述实验过程结果时用过去式,总结实验结果时用现在时) 3.单复数错误 4.'a','an','the'的使用错误 5.比较不对等: The root length of XX mutant is shorter than wild type rice. The root length of XXmutant is shorter than that of wild type rice. 6.用词或句式单一 7.语序问题 8.句子过长 9.使用口语化用词
晓峰1124
CCD image sensor and its application researchAbstract: with semiconductor and rapid development of photoelectric technology, solid image sensor also arises at the historic moment, the production technology is developing rapidly. Solid image sensor, compared with common image sensor has the advantages of small size, high sensitivity, distortion, resistant to moisture resistance vibration and low cost, so many advantages can be widely applied in industry measurement and control, particularly in areas such as image recognition, and will be widely permeates our industrial and agricultural production departments, for our fine processing, robot technology and the development of industrial automation field play a major role. At the same time, the rapid development of computer software and hardware technology, also can give a solid image sensor applications with broad prospects. Based on the analysis of the principle of solid image sensor, focuses on it in the measurement and image recognition domain analysis and : CCD sensor, solid image sensor, engineering measurement, control, image recognition.
伯妮新娘
EarthDay originally celebrated at Spring Equinox around March 20, is an annualday on which events are held worldwide to increase awareness and appreciationof the Earth’s natural environment. Now Earth Day is coordinatedglobally by the Earth Day Network,and is celebrated in more than 175countries every 2009, the United Nations designated April22 International Mother Earth最初,地球日是在每年的春分,也就是三月二十号,这一天世界各地都会进行各种活动,希望能够增强人们的环境意识。现金,在同名组织“地球日组织”的协调下,地球日每年都在超过175个国家进行。 2009年,联合国指定每年的四月二十二号为世界地球日。People are more active doing something which isfriendly to the environment on Earth Day, like saving water, collectingrecyclable waste, reducing the uses of chemical materials which could pollutethe environment, etc..世界地球日这一天,人们会更加主动地去做一些有益于环境的事情,例如,节约用水,回收可再回收利用的废物,减少可能造成环境污染的化学物质的使用等等。Nowadays our world is highly developed with the improvementof technology. The wide use of technology helped us build factories,laboratories, mines, dams and all kinds of facilities which are supposed to dogood to the mankind. And of course they have brought and are still bringing usbenifits. But in the meanwhile they are causing and will be keeping causingserious environmental problems, such as all kinds of pollutions, the damage tothe ozonosphere and so on. And with the growing population of mankind, We areacctually ravaging the living condition of other species, which would cause theimbalance or even collapse of the ecosystem.现今,科技的发展带来了整个世界的高度开发。在科技广泛应用的帮助下,我们建立了各种各样的工厂,实验室,矿场,水坝以及其他所有的能够给人类带来益处的设施。这些设施在带给我们利益的同时,也对环境产生了严重的影响,例如,各种形式的污染,对臭氧层的损伤等等。同时,人类人口的增长,我们也在不停地掠夺其他物种的生存环境。这很有可能造成生态圈的失衡甚至是崩溃。Acctually we can treat everyday as the Earth Dayand be aware of environmental protection all the time. In which way, our motherearth could be protected and she would be able to support us much longer.其实,我们可以把每一天都当做世界地球日,每天都有意识地保护环境。这样,我们才能够保护我们的地球,她也能够更长久地养育我们。
生活中物理科技是与技术产业连结在一起的,因此它又是科学、技术、生产一体化的生产体系,并且受到市场的大力推动。 下面我给大家分享一些物理科技论文500字,大家快来
副小论文:唐代大诗人韩愈写过这样一首小诗:“天街小雨润如酥,草色遥看近却无。最是一年春好处,绝胜烟柳满皇都。”初春的毛毛细雨,滋润着茸茸绿草地,此情此景,给人几
只要带上外国的,在外国能发表的,在国内算是牛逼了,马上专家,博士,学者等等头衔都有了,今后在国内吃喝玩乐不愁,中国崇洋媚外的病太深了,你没见连歌曲都要汉语加上几
《英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学》百度网盘免费资源下载 链接: 英文科技论文写作与学术报告 - 清华大学|7.9.1 Lecture 3 - Par
月食是由月月食是一种特殊的天文现象,指当月球运行至地球的阴影部分时,在月球和地球之间的地区会因为太阳光被地球所遮闭,就看到月球缺了一块。也就是说,此时的太阳、地