兼职医学期刊摘要翻译

Clinical Experience in the Non-extraction Correction of Lingual Tripping Deep Bite of the Front : Objective: To explore the factors, methods and matters of caution regarding the non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front : To select 18 cases of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth and conduct relevant non-extraction corrections. Result: The correction work was completed in 15-21 months, the average of each correction was months. The overbite and overjet of the front teeth of patients have become normal and the facial profiles harmonized after the : Non-extraction correction of lingual tripping deep bite of the front teeth should be conducted only on well selected indications. 【英语牛人团】

Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.

医学论文翻译一般较多的是医学论文的摘要翻译，即把医学论文的摘要翻译成英文，在国外期刊上发表都会要求整篇论文翻译成英文。一、在相关专业医学论文翻译中，要达到表意准确，必须了解相关领域的知识，熟练掌握同一概念的中英文表达法。单纯靠对语言的把握也能传达双方的语言信息，但在运用语言的灵活性和准确性两方而部会受到很大限制。要解决这个问题，译者就要努力熟悉这个领域的相关知识，比如，因此了解相关领域知识，在翻译过程中对翻译人员的语言理解力和医学论文翻译质量都有很大帮助。二、医学论文翻译的翻译标准。医学论文翻译标准是翻译实践的准绳和衡量译文好坏的尺度。关于翻译的标准，历来提法很多。有的主张“信、达、雅”，有的主张“信、顺”等等。但有一点是共同的，即一切译文都应包括原文思想内容和译文语言形式这两方面。>为此，在进行医学论文翻译时应坚持两条标准：>（一）忠实。应忠实于原内容，准确地、完整地、科学地表达原文的内容不得有任何篡改、歪曲、遗漏或任意增删的现象。内容通常指文中所叙述的事实，说明的事理，作者在叙述、说明和描写过程中所反映的思想、观点、立场和所流露的感情等。>（二）通顺。医学论文翻译语言必须通顺易懂，符合规范，用词造句应符合本族语的习惯，要用民族的、科学的、大众的语言，以求通顺易懂。不应有文理不通、结构混乱、逐词死译和生硬晦涩等现象。三、过程中要体现语言结构特色（一）词汇上的特点1. 词义演变。医学论文翻译的专业词汇通常都出现在特定领域，它一般分为两类：一类是某一专业特有的词汇，这类词汇一般具有一词对应一义的特点；还有一类由普通词汇演变而来的专业词汇，这类词汇一词多义，必须应用语言学知识和专业知识综合分析，在翻译实践中不断丰富扩大。2. 词缀。比如：从词源学的角度来看，在医学英语词汇中，希腊语、拉丁语的词素占有极高比率。据Oscar 的统计，一万个医学词汇约有46%来自拉丁语；来自希腊语，希腊、拉丁词素是医学英语词汇的重要基础。希腊语、拉丁语拥有极丰富的词缀，且每个词缀都有其固定意义，可与不同的词干组成无数新词。3. 动词多使用规范的书面语。英语词汇从语体的特点来分，可分为普通词汇和正式词汇。普通词汇大部分是英语本族语，常用于英语口语和文学作品中，正式词汇大部分是外来词，常用于科技、经济、政治等较正式的文章中。（二）大量使用名词化结构1. 医学论文中大量使用名词化结构 (Nominalization)是医学论文翻译的特点之一，因为文体要求行文简洁、表达客观、内容确切、信息量大、强调存在的事实，而非某一行为。2. 大量使用长句和定语从句医学论文翻译中大量使用长句和定语从句，在论证上起到连接信息和强调信息的作用。3. 名词作定语和缩写词使用频繁。医学论文翻译中要求行文简炼、结构紧凑，名词作定语和缩写词的频繁使用，简化了句型，增大了信息密度。4. 广泛使用被动语态。医学论文中侧重叙事推理，强调客观准确，第一、二人称使用过多，会造成主观臆断的印象。因此尽量使用第三人称叙述，采用被动语态。四、医学论义翻译的翻译方法。医学论义翻译要提高翻译量，使译文达到准确、通顺这两个标准，就必须运用医学论文翻译技巧。医学论文翻译技巧指翻译过程中用词造句的处理方法，如词义的引申、增减、词类转换和领域术语的翻译方法等。（一）引申法。医学论文翻译时，有时会遇到某些词在英语词典上找不到适当的词义，如果任意硬套或逐词死译，会使医学论文翻译生硬晦涩，不能确切表达原意，甚至造成误解。这时则可以在不脱离该英语词义的前提下，灵活选择怡当的汉语词语或词组译出。（二）增词译。由于英汉两种语言在词语用法、句子结构和表达方式上有许多差异，医学论文翻译时往往需要增加一些原文中没有的词，使译文通顺而且更加忠实地表达原文的意思。增词译的情况有两种。一种是根据意义或修辞的需要，如增加表示时态意义的词，增加英语不及物动词隐含的宾语意义的词。另一种是根据句法上的需要，增加原文句子中所省略的词。（三）省略译。省略译是将原文中的宥些词省略不译，以使译文符合语言习惯。（四）词类转换英译汉时，常常需要将英语句子中属于某种词类的词，译成另一种词类的汉语词，以使译文通顺自然，符合汉语的表达习惯。这种翻译处理方法就是转换词性法，简称词类转换。（五）领域专业术语的译法。医学论文翻译中有大量的术语，而且科学性、专业性很强。领域专业术语的译法有意译、音译、象形译和原形译四种。总之，医学论文的翻译需要专业的医学学科知识和大量对学术名词的积累。希望能帮到你，也可以自己去找相关的机构帮你

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Objective: Through the study of animal experiments to observe the United Yishen soup benazepril 5 / 6 nephrectomized rats renal function improved efficacy and reduced TGF-β1 expression in renal tissue and other advantages, and to explore the soup Yishen possible to improve the renal function of mechanism of action. Methods: 1. Select SPF class healthy adult male SD rats with 50 only as the research object, adaptive feeding one weeks later, 10 randomly selected as the sham-operated group (A group), and the remaining 40 with 5 / 6 nephrectomy CRF-made law model. 2. After the success of model selection criteria in line with the study group 32 rats were divided into B: model group, 8; C groups: benazepril group 8; D group: the Chinese Medicines Board 8; E Group : Yishen Decoction United benazepril group referred to as traditional Chinese and western medicine group of eight, together with the A Group of 5 Group. 3. Successful modeling start after delivery, the groups were given corresponding drugs decoction. 4. The end of the experiment 24 hours after the detection of urinary protein and blood BUN, Scr, RBC, Hb, and renal histology observation and renal tissue TGF-β1 expression assay. Results: 1. The general situation: during the experiment, sham-operated rats demonstrated alertness, quick reaction, dense fur, clean and shiny, growth, consumption and the activities had no significant abnormalities, weight gain; model group was significant malnutrition, make them apathetic, slow activity, loss of appetite, fluffy fur, haggard Matte, died in the course of treatment at 2, probably because of renal failure due consideration; benazepril rats than sham-operated group spirit apathetic, slow activity, fur, fluffy; medicine the performance of rats with similar benazepril group; WM rats with sham-operated rats without much difference in general performance, but dry dark fur. 2. Of blood BUN, Scr impact: benazepril group, traditional Chinese medicine group, in the WM group significantly decreased BUN, Scr level, compared with the model group has significant difference (P <), but still high in sham-operated group; traditional Chinese and western medicine group and the Chinese medicine group, benazepril group has significant difference (P <); Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group was no significant difference (P> ). 3. Hematology impact: Chinese medicine group and the TCM-WM group was significantly increased blood RBC, Hb, compared with the model group has statistically significant difference (P <), but the difference between the two groups was not significant (P> ); benazepril group compared with the model group was no significant difference (P> ). 5. Pathologic changes, acceptance of renal rat subtotal excision were visible matrix hyperplasia, glomerular sclerosis, but the model group compared to the treatment group significantly lesser degree of glomerular sclerosis, one of traditional Chinese and western medicine to renal small ball for the lightest sclerosis; Immunohistochemistry results showed that the treatment group in renal tissue expression of TGF-β1 were significantly lower than model group (P <), and traditional Chinese and western medicine group can reduce the TGF-B1 in renal tissue Expression, and traditional Chinese medicine group and the benazepril group has statistically significant difference (P <). Conclusion: Yishen soup through Yiqi Jianpi, huoxuehuayu, dampness Xiexin Turbidimetry, CRF can reduce blood BUN, Scr, improve anemia and reduce proteinuria, can be reduced effectively with 5 / 6 nephrectomy-induced CRF rat kidney tissue expression of TGF-β1, thereby reducing the accumulation of ECM, slowing the development of renal fibrosis, and delay the progress of CRF. Fully Yishen soup has a good anti-renal fibrosis, but also after the United benazepril better efficacy.