财务风险论文外文参考文献翻译

去雅虎英语去搜，谢谢

企业财务风险是指在各项财务活动过程中，由于各种难以预料或控制的因素影响，财务状况具有不确定性，从而使企业有蒙受损失的可能性。按财务活动的主要环节，可以分为流动性风险、信用风险、筹资风险、投资风险。按可控程度分类，可分为可控风险和不可控风险。应答时间：2021-04-22，最新业务变化请以平安银行官网公布为准。 [平安银行我知道]想要知道更多？快来看“平安银行我知道”吧~

大家知道，企业管理包括生产管理、营销管理和财务管理等多个方面，而财务管理是企业整个管理体系的核心，企业的财务管理目标即是企业追求的目标。可见，只有以财务管理为中心，协调运作管理体系的各个方面，才能有效地强化企业管理，促进企业发展。从全国来说，民营企业数量众多、分布广泛、特点各异，再加上受宏观经济环境化和体制影响，民营企业在加强财务管理方面遇到了一定的阻力，例如：政策的“歧视”使民营企业和大型企业不能公平竞争，地方政府、行业管理部门的干预，使民营企业的财务管理目标短期化，再主要的就是民营企业财务管理受业主的影响过大等一些主观因素的存在，导致财务管理的重要性被忽视。所以，其财务管理中存在的问题也多种多样，我认为，目前普遍存在的问题和原因主要有： （一）融资困难，周转资金不足，使财务管理成断源之湖。 目前，我国民营企业初步建立了较为独立、渠道多元的融资体系，但是，融资难、担保难，仍然是制约民营企业发展的最突出的问题，主要问题是：第一，负债过多，融资成本高，风险大，造成民营企业信用等级低，资信相对较差。第二，大多数民营企业是非大型企业，有些银行受传统观念和行政干预的影响，对其贷款不够热心。第三，中介机构不健全，缺乏专门为民营企业贷款服务的金融中介机构和贷款担保机构。 分析其主要原因表现在两个方面：一是金融业对民营企业的信贷支持不够。我国金融系统从设置到服务项目，大都是以大企业为服务对象，民营企业的信贷服务往往被忽视。由于贷款难，生产经营过程中所需资金不足，极大制约了民营企业的发展。有的民营企业，虽存在暂时困难，但银行一旦支持就能起死回生；二是民营企业的融资渠道单一，难以适应市场需求的变化。由于有的民营企业，在既得不到银行的贷款支持，又不具有自我融资或向社会公开融资能力，无形中，加强企业财务管理也就成了一句空话，财务管理也就成了断源之湖。 （二）财务控制薄弱，缺乏科学性，使财务管理举步艰难。 大部分民营企业存在财务控制环节薄弱，而且对加强财务管理方面不够重视，没有从真正意义上理解财务管理在企业中的地位。主要问题有：一是资金管理不严，财务控制薄弱，造成资金闲置或不足。二是应收账款周转缓慢，造成资金回收困难。三是存货控制薄弱，造成资金呆滞。四是重钱轻物，资产流失严重。 分析其原因主要是：一是有些民营企业认为现金越多越好，致使大量现金未参加周转，有的是资金缺少计划安排，过量购置不动产，而使企业无法应付经营急需的资金，陷入财务困境。二是没有建立严格的赊销政策，缺乏有力的摧收措施，应收款不能兑现或形成呆账。三是很多民营企业月末存货占用资金往往超过其营业额的两倍以上，造成资金呆滞周转失灵。四是不少民营企业管理者，对原材料、半成品、固定资产等管理不到位，出了问题无人追究，资产浪费严重。分析以上原因，最重要的是因为企业上层领导财务管理观念落后，缺乏科学性，在思想上没有真正理解财务管理对做大做强一个企业所起到的作用，没有将财务管理纳入企业管理的有效机制中，缺乏现代财务管理观念，使财务管理失去了它在企业管理中应有的地位和作用，举步艰难。 （三）管理模式疆化，管理观念陈旧，使财务管理暗然失色。 由于长期以来在思想上受到旧的财务制度的约束，企业管理人员的观念比较滞后。主要问题有：一是企业的投资者同时就是经营者。二是企业管理者的管理能力和管理素质差，管理思想落后。 分析其原因主要是：民营企业典型的管理模式是所有权和经营权高度统一，企业的投资者同时就是经营者，这种模式势必给企业的财务管理带来负面影响，民营企业中相当一部分属于个体私营性质，在这些企业中，企业领导者集权现象严重，并且对财务管理的理论方法缺乏应有的认识和研究，致使其职责不分，越权行事，造成财务管理混乱，财务监核不严，会计人员独舟难行，想规范管理很难。大部分企业没有或无法建立内部审计部门，即使有，也很难保证内部审计的独立性。另外，有些企业没有将财务管理纳入企业管理的有效机制中，缺乏现代财务管理观念，多数民营企业家尚未建立起诸如时间价值、风险价值、边际成本、机会成本等科学管理的概念，由于管理模式疆化，管理观念陈旧，使财务管理暗然失色，失去了它在企业管理中应有的地位和作用。 First, the privately operated enterprise the question and the reasonanalysis which exists in the financial control As everybody knows, business management including productionmanagement, marketing management and financial control and so on manyaspects, but the financial control is the enterprise entire managementsystem core, enterprise's financial control goal is a goal which theenterprise pursues. Obviously, only has take the financial control asthe center, the coordination operates management system each aspect,can effectively strengthen the business management, the promotionenterprise from the nation that, the privately operated enterprise quantitymultitudinous, distributed is widespread, the characteristicrespectively differently, in addition receives the macroscopiceconomic environment and the system influence, the privately operatedenterprise was strengthening the financial control aspect to meet thecertain resistance, for example: The policy "the discrimination"causes the privately operated enterprise and the major industry cannotthe fair competition, the local authority, the profession controlsection's intervention, causes the privately operated enterprise thefinancial control goal short-term, again is main is the privatelyoperated enterprise financial control owner's influence oversized andso on some subjective factors existences, causes the financial controlthe importance to neglect. Therefore, in its financial control existsquestion also many and varied, I believed, at present the universalexistence question and the reason mainly have: . (1) financing difficulty, the revolving fund is insufficient, causeslake of the financial control Cheng Duanyuan. At present, the our country privately operated enterprise initiallyestablished has been independent, the channel many Yuan financingsystem, but, financed difficultly, to guarantee difficultly, still wasthe most prominent question which the restriction privately operatedenterprise developed, the main question was: First, is in debtexcessively many, financing cost high, risk big, creates the privatelyoperated enterprise credit rank low, helps the letter relatively to beworse. Second, the majority privately operated enterprise right andwrong major industry, some banks the traditional ideas and theadministrative intervention influence, insufficiently are warm-heartedto its loan. Third, the facilitating agency is not perfect, lacksspecially the financial facilitating agency and the loan guaranteeorganization which serves for the privately operated enterprise loan. Analyzes its main reason to display in two aspects: One is the financeindustry is insufficient to the privately operated enterprise's creditaid. Our country finance system from establishes to the serviceproject, mostly is take the big enterprise as the service object, theprivately operated enterprise's credit service is often the loan is difficult, in the production management processneeds the fund to be insufficient, enormously has restricted theprivately operated enterprise's development. Some privately operatedenterprises, although exists temporarily difficultly, but the bankonce supports can bring back to life; Two is the privately operatedenterprise's financing channel is unitary, adapts the market demandchange with difficulty. As a result of some privately operatedenterprises, in both cannot obtain the bank the loan support, and doesnot have self- financing or to the social public financing ability,imperceptibly, strengthened the enterprise financial control also tobecome an empty talk, the financial control has also become mediateslake of the source. (2) financial control is weak, lacks the scientific nature, causes thefinancial control to take a step difficultly. The majority of privately operated enterprises have the financialcontrol link to be weak, moreover to strengthens the financial controlaspect insufficiently to take, has not understood the financialcontrol from the true significance in enterprise's status. The mainquestion includes: One is the fund management is lax, financialcontrol weak, creates the fund to leave unused or to be is the receivable account funds turnover is slow, causes the fundrecycling difficulty. Three, the inventory control is weak, createsthe fund delay. Four is re- Qian Qingwu, the property drainsseriously. Analyzes its reason mainly is: One is some privately operatedenterprises thought cash more the better, causes the massive cashesnot to participate in the turnover, some are the fund lacks the planarrangement, excessive purchase real estate, but causes the enterpriseto be unable to deal with the management urgently needed fund, fallsinto the financial difficult position. Two is does not have theestablishment strict selling on credit policy, lacks powerfullydestroys receives the measure, should receive money cannot cash orform the dull account. Three is very many privately operatedenterprises end of the month the goods in stock takes the fund oftento surpass its turnover above two times, creates the fund delayturnover to malfunction. Four is many privately operated enterprisessuperintendents, to management and so on raw material, half-finishedproduct, fixed asset did not arrive, leaves question nobody toinvestigate, the property waste was serious. Above analyzes thereason, most importantly because the enterprise upper formationleadership financial control idea is backward, lacks the scientificnature, the untrue understanding financial control to does in thethought greatly makes the role which the strong enterprise plays, hasnot bought into line with the financial control the businessmanagement in the effective mechanism, lacks the modern financialcontrol idea, caused the financial control to lose it the status andthe function which should have in the business management, took a stepdifficultly. 3) management pattern boundary, manages the idea obsoletely, causesthe financial control to be dark however 失色. Because receives the old financial system since long ago in thethought the restraint, business management personnel's idea comparisonlag. The main question includes: One is at the same time enterprise'sinvestor is the operator. Two is the enterprise superintendent'smanagement ability and the management quality bad, manages the thoughtto be backward. Analyzes its reason mainly is: The privately operated enterprise modelmanagement pattern is the property rights and the operating righthighly unifies, at the same time enterprise's investors is theoperator, this kind of pattern inevitably will give the enterprise thefinancial control to bring the negative influence, in the privatelyoperated enterprise quite a part will belong to the individual tooperate privately the nature, in these enterprises, enterprise leadercentralization phenomenon serious, and will lack the understanding andthe research to the financial control theory method which will besupposed to have, will cause its responsibility not to divide, exceedsauthority to handle affairs, creates the financial control chaotic,the finance will supervise the nucleus not to be lax, accountant thepersonnel alone boat difficult line, to think the standard managementwill be very difficult. The majority of enterprises not or are unableto establish the interior auditing department, even if has, also isvery difficult to guarantee the internal audit the , some enterprises have not bought into line with thefinancial control the business management in the effective mechanism,lacks the modern financial control idea, the most privateenterpreneurs not yet establish such as scientific management the andso on time value, risk value, marginal cost, opportunity cost concept,as a result of the management pattern boundary, manages the ideaobsoletely, causes the financial control to be dark however 失色,has lost it the status and the function which should have in thebusiness management.

[1] 姚琴; 企业财务风险预警系统研究[D]. 西安科技大学 2004 [2] 许燕; 企业并购的财务风险研究[D]. 西南财经大学 2001 [3] 王影; 并购的财务风险及其防范问题研究[D]. 东北财经大学 2003 [4] 郭敏; 我国企业财务风险与防范研究[D]. 四川大学 2002 [5] 杨帆; 石化企业财务风险预警系统的研究[D]. 武汉理工大学 2006 [6] 丁玉书; 企业财务活动中的风险管理问题研究[D]. 吉林大学 2004 [7] 冯静; 锦重财务风险防范研究[D]. 大连理工大学 2002 [8] 赵郁; 企业并购财务风险与管理[D]. 对外经济贸易大学 2004

摘要：我国中小企业由于自身实力薄弱、资金不充足等原因，在市场运作中应变能力差，因而迫切需要加强经营管理理念。中小企业可充分利用自身内部环境适应外部环境，增强风险意识，建立财务核心指标来衡量企业财务状况，建立健全内部控制制度，规避财务风险，防范财务危机的发生，以充分实现企业目标。 财务风险是指企业在特定的客观情况下和特定的期间内，在企业经营运作过程中，由于各种难以或无法预料、控制的企业外部环境和内部经营条件等不确定性因素的作用，使得企业资金运动（资金流）的效益性降低和连续性中断，进而使得企业的实际经营绩效与预计目标发生背离，从而对企业的生存、发展和盈利目标产生负面影响或不利结果的可能性。 中小企业由于自身实力薄弱、资金不充足等原因，在市场运作中应变能力差，因而迫切需要加强经营管理理念，加强风险防范意识，建立和健全中小企业的内部控制体系，建立中小企业的财务风险控制体系，形成一个可以遵循的财务风险防范系统，将近期利益与长远利益结合起来，努力提升可持续发展能力和创造长久价值的能力。 一、引发中小企业财务风险的因素 （一）外部环境。引发中小企业财务风险的外部环境包括经济因素、自然因素、法律环境、社会因素和科学技术因素。这些因素存在于企业之外，它对企业的经营管理、财务状况产生的巨大风险是难以准确预见和无法改变的。如当前国际金融危机对中国中小企业产生的冲击，许多中小企业面临财务瘫痪处境，威胁著中小企业的生存和发展。中小企业由于受经营理念、财力、物力、人力的限制，其财务管理不能适应复杂而多变的外部环境，必定会给中小企业带来财务风险甚至财务危机。 （二）内部因素。管理层风险意识缺乏导致财务风险。在现实工作中，我国许多中小企业的经营者、管理层和财务人员缺乏风险意识，认为只要把生产搞好，有经营利润，只要管好用好资金就不会产生财务风险。风险意识淡薄是财务风险产生的重要原因之一。 经营决策失误导致中小企业财务风险。我国许多中小企业的经营决策、财务决策普遍存在着经验决策及主观决策现象，财务决策失误的主要原因是缺乏科学合理的可行性分析，主观臆测严重，重大事项不经集体决策审批而个人单独决策。财务决策失误是产生财务风险的又一重要原因。 财务人员风险意识落后导致中小企业财务风险。由于长期以来在思想上受财务制度的束缚，财务人员风险意识落后，尚未树立时间价值、风险价值等科学概念，反映在财务管理目标上，就是未能确立起最优化思想。 企业内部控制、监管体系不健全导致财务风险。中小企业内部控制体系不健全，管理部门的约束机制不到位，审计监督乏力，甚至缺少必要的内部监控体系及制度，在资金管理、使用及利益分配等方面存在权责不明、管理混乱的现象，使得资金使用效率低下、资产流失严重，资金的安全性、完整性无法得到保证。 二、防范中小企业财务风险的措施 财务风险管理是指企业在充分认识其所面临的财务风险的基础上采取各种科学、有效的手段和方法，对各类风险加以预测、识别、分析、控制和处理，以最低成本确保企业资金运动的连续性、稳定性和效益性的一项理财活动。 （一）建立财务危机预警系统。企业财务危机预警系统，作为一种成本低廉的诊断工具可预知财务风险的征兆，当可能危害企业财务状况的关键因素出现时，财务危机预警系统能发出警告，以提醒经营者早作准备或采取对策以减少财务损失，控制财务风险的进一步扩大。中小企业的经营者、管理者应随时加强对财务风险指标的分析，适时调整企业营销策略，合理处置不良资产，有效控制存贷结构，适度控制资金投放量，减少资金占用，还应注意加速存货和应收账款的周转速度，使其尽快转化为货币资产，减少甚至杜绝坏账损失，加速企业变现能力，提高资金使用率。 （二）建立财务风险意识。中小企业要时刻关注国家巨集观政策的变化，关注国家产业政策、投资政策、金融政策、财税政策的变化，管理层应对企业投资专案、经营专案、筹藉资金、经营成本等方面可能产生的负面效应进行提早预测，以便及时采取措施。管理层要关注市场供需关系的变化，防止企业成本费用和资金需求增加使财务成本上升和资金链的中断而出现经营亏损或资不抵债的财务危机。企业经营者要根据政策因素变化及时调整经营策略和投资方向，避免企业步入财务危机。在销售方面注重产销衔接，以销定产，及时调整营销策略，积极开拓新渠道，培育新使用者，加速货款回笼，加强业务整合，提高企业整体抵抗风险的水平。 （三）建立企业内部监督制度。内部审计控制是一个企业内部经济活动和管理制度是否合规、合理和有效的独立评价系统，在某种意义上讲是对其他控制的再控制。内部审计在企业应保持相对独立性，应独立于其他经营管理部门，确保审计部门发现的重要问题能送达治理层和管理层。对于不具备条件的中小企业可聘请外部审计机构和人员进行内部审计。 （四）建立内部控制制度。要建立中小企业内部控制制度和会计控制制度，如对企业的货币资金控制、采购与付款控制、销售与收款控制、对外投资控制等。实施内部牵制制度，对不相容的岗位实行相互分离、相互制约；建立回避制度；会计负责人的直系亲属不得担任出纳人员；严禁擅自挪用、借出货币资金；严禁收入不入账；严禁一人保管支付款项所需的全部印章；不得由同一部门或个人办理采购与付款、销售与收款业务的全过程；销售收入要及时入账。 财务风险存在于财务管理工作的各个环节，任何环节的工作失误都可能会给企业带来财务风险，中小企业的经营者、管理者、财务人员必须将风险防范贯穿于财务管理工作的始终。及时了解企业财务运营的真实情况，优化财务结构，从而规避风险，改善不良经营状况，实现企业目标，确保企业的生存和发展壮大。

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这个似乎有点难.我知道一个网站不错. 51mis 主要是学习财务的

1 the meaning of financial risk Ye at " *** all and medium-sized financial risk asses *** ent and control of research" that the financial risk is the possibility of corporate insolvency and shareholders, the proceeds of uncertainty, it is difficult because of enterprise funds, to adopt a different mode of financing brought about by risk. Starting from the *** ysis of financial risk on its meaning, characteristics and types of content; at this based on the causes of the financial risk to conduct in-depth *** ysis and detailed research, *** ysis concludes that the financial risks arising from internal factors and external aspects; in turn, establish a risk awareness, the establishment of an effective risk prevention mechani *** ; set up and improve the financial management system to meet the financial management of environmental change; set up the financial risk early warning mechani *** , strengthen the financial crisis management; improve the scientific level of financial decision-making to prevent due to poor decisions arising from the financial risk; through internal systems to prevent the establishment of binding mechani *** s to control and guard against financial risk in five areas of financial risk prevention measures as well as self-insurance, diversification of risk control, risk transfer, risk averse, risk reducing the five techniques. Only controlled enterprises to guard against and defuse financial risks, in order to ensure that enterprises in the fierce petition in the market in an invincible position. The causes of the financial risks (A) external causes 1, the national policy changes brought about by the financing risk. Generally speaking, *** all and medium-sized production and operation because of instability. A country's economy or moary policy changes, there may be *** all and medium-sized production and management, market conditions and financing forms have a certain impact. Beginning in 2007, our country has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, the central bank to raise the fourth time the deposit reserve ratio, in particular, are ready to implement the difference beeen a direct deposit system to make *** all and medium-sized service-oriented *** all and medium-sized mercial banks to tighten credit, SMEs First of all, the capital supply disruption, the risk of inviting a lot of financing, SMEs also in urgent need of funds can not be forced to s production or the scale of downsizing. 2, bank financing channels for non-financial risks caused by fluid. Corporate sources of funds are nothing more than its own funds and external financing in o ways. In various modes of financing, the bank credit is also an important source of funds, but banks in the country's financial policies as well as their own sound system is not under the influence of such circumstances, the general enthusia *** for SME lending is not high, their loans more difficult to increase the the enterprise's financial risk. (B) internal factors one, blind expansion of investment scale. There is a considerable number of conditions are not ripe for the SMEs in the circumstances, only the experience of one-sided pursuit of panies to determine the expansion of the extension, ignore the pany's content and core petitiveness, resulting in a major capital investment wasted. 2, the investment decision-making errors. For business, the correct selection of industries are the starting point for the survival and development strategy. However, some industrial enterprises in the selection process, the often overlooked "industry is a dynamic selection process" concept, should not a keen grasp of industry trends and direction of evolution. 3, improper selection of investment partners. Enterprises to make investment decisions, we must give full consideration to qualified partners, reputation, and should have to bear the corresponding risks. 4, less than honest. Lack of SME credit is a mon situation. Therefore, *** all and medium-sized banks to provide loans or investments to *** all and medium-sized people had to step up investment on human resources in order to improve the quality of information collection and *** ysis. This respect has increased the investment bank or person lending and investment costs. On the other hand also give *** all and medium enterprises financing difficult. Ability to finance capital, to finance the number of funds, the financing of SMEs exist great uncertainties. 不知道可不可以帮到你

知网上有呀 1]李胜. 全面财务风险管理研究[D]. 湘潭大学: 湘潭大学,2005. [2]李春媛. 如何加强企业财务风险控制[J]. 价值工程,2010,(32). [3]冯艳. 非营利组织财务风险管理研究[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2007. [4]李红梅. 中国商业银行整体风险管理研究[D]. 辽宁大学: 辽宁大学,2010. [5]谢宁. 全面风险管理框架下的现代银行财务模式研究[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2010. [6]甘鹏. 甘肃省中小企业信用担保机构风险管理研究[D]. 兰州大学: 兰州大学,2008. [7]丁玉书. 企业财务活动中的风险管理问题研究[D]. 吉林大学: 吉林大学,2004. [8]李延德. 大学生在校期间风险管理研究[D]. 大连海事大学: 大连海事大学,2010. [9]敬永红. 达州翠屏山综合开发一期工程专案风险管理研究[D]. 西南交通大学: 西南交通大学,2009. [10]闫峰. 卓越·蔚蓝群岛开发专案风险管理研究[D]. 中国海洋大学: 中国海洋大学,2008. [11]杜晓玲. 基于风险管理的内部控制研究[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2008. [12]王小练. 航运企业财务风险管理研究[D]. 上海海事大学: 上海海事大学,2005. [13]杨秋利. 论银行的全面风险管理核心方法RAROC[D]. 对外经济贸易大学: 对外经济贸易大学,2006. [14]许娟. 跨国公司财务管理中的风险问题研究[D]. 首都经济贸易大学: 首都经济贸易大学,2005. [15]张星文. 集团公司财务风险管理研究[D]. 广西大学: 广西大学,2007. [16]王育宪. 企业管理的一个新分支——风险管理[J]. 管理世界,1985,(3). [17]李莉. 全面审计风险管理研究[D]. 湘潭大学: 湘潭大学,2005. [18]曹升元. 高校财务风险管理研究[D]. 中南大学: 中南大学,2008. [19]龚永兵. TA保险股份有限公司广西分公司风险管理研究[D]. 广西大学: 广西大学,2006. [20]张子超. 我国企业集团财务公司风险管理研究[D]. 武汉科技大学: 武汉科技大学,2008. [21]党雪. 论保险公司财务风险管理及策略[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2003. [22]王仲宇. 新华证券公司内部风险管理分析与证券公司内部风险评估[D]. 吉林大学: 吉林大学,2005. [23]李红侠. 企业纳税筹划风险管理探讨[D]. 首都经济贸易大学: 首都经济贸易大学,2006. [24]中国农业发展银行山东省分行 风险管理[A]. 李亚新 主编.[C].: 中国财政经济出版社,2005:70-71. [25]郭景阳. 建立保险企业全面风险管理框架的研究[D]. 对外经济贸易大学: 对外经济贸易大学,2002. [26]高军. 现代企业风险管理过程分析及对策研究[D]. 西南石油学院: 西南石油学院,2003. [27]范运. 私募房地产股权投资基金风险管理研究[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2009. [28]曹乐喜. 企业并购财务风险管理研究[D]. 厦门大学: 厦门大学,2007. [29]谢飞. 财务公司网上银行在企业集团内部资源配置中的功能和风险管理研究[D]. 武汉大学: 武汉大学,2005. [30]交通银行武汉分行 财务和风险管理[A]. .[C].: 湖北人民出版社,2006:60. [31]阚德梅. 江苏省农业发展银行的信贷风险管理研究[D]. 西南交通大学: 西南交通大学,2004. [32]李黎,齐中英. 风险理财在卫星运营企业风险管理中的运用[J]. 技术经济与管理研究,2005,(3). [33]沈隽. 船舶融资租赁的风险管理研究[D]. 上海交通大学: 上海交通大学,2010. [34]杨博. 压力测试方法及其在债券基金利率风险管理中的应用研究[D]. 新疆财经大学: 新疆财经大学,2007. [35]陈茂. 论财产保险公司承保前的风险管理[D]. 重庆大学: 重庆大学,2003. [36]李霞. 汽车信贷风险管理理论与实证研究[D]. 吉林大学: 吉林大学,2005. [37]高毅. 中国农业上市公司财务风险形成机理和控制研究[D]. 西南大学: 西南大学,2010. [38]简婷. 金融衍生工具及其风险管理研究[D]. 北京交通大学: 北京交通大学,2006. [39]甄珍. 山西票号风险管理研究与借鉴[D]. 山西财经大学: 山西财经大学,2007. [40]沈忠雷. 建行金融衍生产品的风险控制及应用[D]. 吉林大学: 吉林大学,2005. [41]常忠蛟. 我国高速公路专案投资风险管理[D]. 山东大学: 山东大学,2005. [42]周航,赵晓萌. 风险管理平衡计分卡的设计与应用研究[J]. 环渤海经济瞭望,2005,(12). [43]刘浩. 金融控股公司发展模式及风险管理研究[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2010. [44]唐海涛. 证券投资风险管理系统设计研究[D]. 吉林大学: 吉林大学,2005. [45]孙晓丽. 海尔集团财务有限责任公司风险管理[A]. 王敏 主编.[C].: 中国财政经济出版社,2009:194. [46]王霞. 中小银行风险管理研究[D]. 西安理工大学: 西安理工大学,2004. [47]张超. 论我国汽车金融服务业的消费信贷风险管理[D]. 西南财经大学: 西南财经大学,2010. [48]邵秋琪. 基于风险管理的衍生品运用对企业价值影响的实证研究[D]. 浙江工商大学: 浙江工商大学,2011. [49]吴子华. 企业集团财务公司的发展取向与风险管理[D]. 对外经济贸易大学: 对外经济贸易大学,2001. [50]陈力. 财务工程在企业财务风险管理中的应用[D]. 对外经济贸易大学: 对外经济贸易大学,2006.

[摘 要] 中小企业是推动国民经济发展，构造市场经济主体，促进社会稳定的基础力量。在确保国民经济适度增长、缓解就业压力、实现科教兴国、优化经济结构等方面，均发挥着越来越重要的作用。国家发改委中小企业司提出指导与扶持我国的中小型企业的发展已成为当前一项刻不容缓的战略任务。财务风险是现代企业面对市场竞争的必然产物，尤其是在我国市场经济发育不健全的条件下更是不可避免，试着从中小企业资金结构方面入手，利用财务杠杆原理对中小企业财务风险进行分析，提出了风险管理过程控制措施，建立预警分析指标体系，进行恰当的财务风险决策，提高中小企业的存续能力。 :51kj../news/20071103/ 多参考参考网上的报道及资料吧，除非有专人给你写，要不都是自己写的...

1 the meaning of financial riskYe at "small and medium-sized financial risk assessment and control of research" that the financial risk is the possibility of corporate insolvency and shareholders, the proceeds of uncertainty, it is difficult because of enterprise funds, to adopt a different mode of financing brought about by from the analysis of financial risk on its meaning, characteristics and types of content; at this based on the causes of the financial risk to conduct in-depth analysis and detailed research, analysis concludes that the financial risks arising from internal factors and external aspects; in turn, establish a risk awareness, the establishment of an effective risk prevention mechanism; set up and improve the financial management system to meet the financial management of environmental change; set up the financial risk early warning mechanism, strengthen the financial crisis management; improve the scientific level of financial decision-making to prevent due to poor decisions arising from the financial risk; through internal systems to prevent the establishment of binding mechanisms to control and guard against financial risk in five areas of financial risk prevention measures as well as self-insurance, diversification of risk control, risk transfer, risk averse, risk reducing the five techniques. Only controlled enterprises to guard against and defuse financial risks, in order to ensure that enterprises in the fierce competition in the market in an invincible causes of the financial risks(A) external causes1, the national policy changes brought about by the financing risk. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized production and operation because of instability. A country's economy or monetary policy changes, there may be small and medium-sized production and management, market conditions and financing forms have a certain impact. Beginning in 2007, our country has increased the intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, the central bank to raise the fourth time the deposit reserve ratio, in particular, are ready to implement the difference between a direct deposit system to make small and medium-sized service-oriented small and medium-sized commercial banks to tighten credit, SMEs First of all, the capital supply disruption, the risk of inviting a lot of financing, SMEs also in urgent need of funds can not be forced to stop production or the scale of downsizing. 2, bank financing channels for non-financial risks caused by fluid. Corporate sources of funds are nothing more than its own funds and external financing in two ways. In various modes of financing, the bank credit is also an important source of funds, but banks in the country's financial policies as well as their own sound system is not under the influence of such circumstances, the general enthusiasm for SME lending is not high, their loans more difficult to increase the the enterprise's financial risk.(B) internal factors one, blind expansion of investment scale. There is a considerable number of conditions are not ripe for the SMEs in the circumstances, only the experience of one-sided pursuit of companies to determine the expansion of the extension, ignore the company's content and core competitiveness, resulting in a major capital investment wasted. 2, the investment decision-making errors. For business, the correct selection of industries are the starting point for the survival and development strategy. However, some industrial enterprises in the selection process, the often overlooked "industry is a dynamic selection process" concept, should not a keen grasp of industry trends and direction of evolution. 3, improper selection of investment partners. Enterprises to make investment decisions, we must give full consideration to qualified partners, reputation, and should have to bear the corresponding risks. 4, less than honest. Lack of SME credit is a common situation. Therefore, small and medium-sized banks to provide loans or investments to small and medium-sized people had to step up investment on human resources in order to improve the quality of information collection and analysis. This respect has increased the investment bank or person lending and investment costs. On the other hand also give small and medium enterprises financing difficult. Ability to finance capital, to finance the number of funds, the financing of SMEs exist great uncertainties.