欧亨利英语毕业论文摘要

高尚的结局与矫情的人物———从《最后的常春藤叶》重识欧·亨利电子科技大学学报( 社科版) 2008 年( 第10 卷) 第1 期拿这个参考一下吧。

欧·亨利是美国著名的现实主义短篇小说家之一，他的小说从各个角度揭露了资本主义的黑暗，描写了社会底层人民的生活和苦痛，颂扬了他们的真诚爱情和友谊、自我牺牲的高尚行为和对幸福生活的向往。他小说的结尾采取喜剧的形式，表达深刻的社会内涵、残酷的社会现实和人性的升华，并进一步指出这种现实的不可逃避性。本文探讨了欧·亨利小说中的“欧·亨利式结尾”发人深省的艺术效果在他文章中的体现和作用。欧·亨利式结尾就是在文章情节结尾时突然让人物的心理情境发生出人意料的变化，或使主人公命运陡然逆转，出现意想不到的结果，但又在情理之中，符合生活实际，从而造成独特的艺术魅力。欧·亨利一生共创作了三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，著名的短篇小说有《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》和《最后的藤叶》等。就以他的小说《警察与赞美诗》为例来说说这种艺术。综观全文苏比曾几次惹事生非，想进监狱得以安身，可他总是“背运”。当苏比受到赞美诗的感化，欲改邪归正时，警察却以“莫须有”的罪名将他投入了监狱。在所有人都认为苏比将要平安度过一生之时警察出现了并将他带上了法庭。这是典型的“欧·亨利式结尾”就犹如看见黎明的人又跌黑暗一般，让读者的心一揪，回味无穷，发人深省，久久难以忘怀。而欧·亨利就很好地运用了这种方法，并借此深刻地反映社会善恶不分的现实。“欧·亨利式结尾”的艺术效果并不一定只出现在小说结尾处也会在文章情节中。例如，在《警察与赞美诗》中有这样两个情节；有一次，苏比想通过“调戏”一女子来达到进监狱的目的。但这貌似“文雅娴静”的女子却反过来勾搭起了苏比。又有一次苏比拿走了一位“衣冠楚楚”的顾客的伞，可这伞原本“来路不正”。“简朴而颇讨人喜欢”的女子、“衣冠楚楚”的顾客都给人以品格端庄的感觉，却做了暗娼和小偷。相信读者在读到这个情节时都感到不可理解，但细细想来这样的“伪君子”在现实社会中是处处存在。所谓高尚的上流社会成员都是衣冠楚楚、文雅高贵？可事实上，他们只是把卑鄙的行径掩藏在美丽的面纱下而已。也正因为内心的肮脏，才更需要表面上的装点。因而表里不一也就在情理之中了。“欧·亨利式结尾”在幽默中深刻地擒露了资本主义社会每况愈下的世风。“欧·亨利式结尾”的艺术效果在他的令一篇著名的代表作《麦琪的礼物》中也被演绎的淋漓尽致，一对深深相爱的小夫妻德拉和吉姆为了给对方买圣诞礼物分别将自己最美丽的圣诞礼物和家传的金表买掉去买了配的上金表的白金链子和配的上美丽头发的梳子。爱情就在他们分别拿出礼物之时发出了万丈光芒将读者的眼眶湿润。文章的最后说“他极不明智地为了对方而牺牲了他们家最最宝贵的东西。不过，让我对现今的聪明人说最后一句话，在一切馈赠礼品的人当中，那两个人是最聪明的。在一切馈赠又接收礼品的人当中，像他们两个这样的人也是最聪明的。无论在任何地方，他们都是最聪明的人。”简简单单几句话却又道出了“欧·亨利式结尾”的艺术效果的真谛，引导读者向文章外的空间思考从而得出读者自身的生活真谛。寻找爱人并在她曾住过的房间被她灵魂召唤，询问房主却又是查无此人，绝望笼罩下用和爱人相同的方式下结束了年轻的生命。不知道第二天房东打扫时会不会在心底浮现一点点内疚或者不安。“欧·亨利式结尾”的艺术效果将这篇文章的读者拉向何为爱情，何为良心，何为生存的思考之中。《带家具出租的房间》这篇文章又借此向读者提出了问题。他爱她，因此尽力寻找，绝望之际就了决了自己的生命。这样的生死相许在“快餐爱情”的今天是否仍然存在，是否仍能打动你已冰峰的爱情观。良心是什么？是诚实、守信，还是对得起自己。如果良心危机你的生存，你会选择谁呢？店老板选择了生存，他并没有错他也是为了生存。如果他不将房子租出去，如果他不欺那位年轻人他要怎么过活？年轻人的死，她爱人的死，店老板的欺都是由那时的社会造成的。黑暗，混乱，漂浮，饥饿这无一不影响着人们的生活。为了生存只有各自为城。欧·亨利就是在借这篇文章抨击当时黑暗的社会现实，试图引起人们的共鸣与思考。文章是人写的那就逃脱不了环境对作者的影响，欧·亨利的一生富于传奇性，当过药房学徒、新闻记者、银行出纳员又曾为避免麻烦流亡洪都拉斯。后因回家探视病危的妻子被捕入狱，并在监狱医务室任药剂师而开始认真写作。1901年提前获释后，迁居纽约，专门从事写作。欧·亨利善于描写美国社会尤其是纽约百姓的生活。因此深知人民生活的艰难，困苦。所以他的文章才喜欢用朴实、诙谐的语言描绘人世间的故事，又用迂回路转的结尾来引起读者对社会对人性的思考，从而形成了著名的“欧·亨利式结尾” 使主人公命运陡然逆转，出现意想不到的结果，但又在情理之中，符合生活实际，从而造成独特的艺术魅力。我的这篇论文就是简单的通过他的几篇著名作品探讨一下“欧·亨利式结尾”的艺术效果在他自己文章中的体现和作用。

常常在文章情节结尾时突然让人物的心理情境发生出人意料的变化，或使主人公命运陡然逆转，出现意想不到的结果，既在意料之外，又在情理之中。给人以出乎意料的感觉，又不得不承认他的合情合理。一般可以更好的刻画人物形象，丰富故事的内容。

欧·亨利一生共创作了三百篇短篇小说和一部长篇小说，著名的短篇小说有《麦琪的礼物》、《警察与赞美诗》和《最后的藤叶》等。以下为两个例子。

①《警察与赞美诗》中，综观全文苏比曾几次惹事生非，想进监狱得以安身，可他总是“背运”。当苏比受到赞美诗的感化，欲改邪归正时，警察却以“莫须有”的罪名将他投入了监狱。在所有人都认为苏比将要平安度过一生之时警察出现了并将他带上了法庭。这是典型的“欧·亨利式结尾”就犹如看见黎明的人又跌入黑暗一般，让读者的心一揪，回味无穷，发人深省，久久难以忘怀。而欧·亨利就很好地运用了这种方法，并借此深刻地反映社会善恶不分的现实。

②《最后的藤叶》中，老画家一直要画一副传世之作，面对邻居请求时冷漠无比，甚至让人讨厌，一副这个女人的死跟我有啥关系的形象。然后当病人数着落叶等死时，一夜风雨过后仍然挺立的枯叶，让她重燃了生活的希望，逐渐开始康复。就在大家以为这是个普通的医学奇迹时，女主角几句话让剧情陡然而变。那片救了人的枯叶就是令人讨厌的老画家半夜冒风雨画上去的，而在完成这幅传世之作后，老画家可能因为活下去的希望没了，在感染了肺结核后没有挺过来。突然整个充满寒意的社会关系变得暖暖的让人感动。而老画家通过一个画上去的枯叶完成了生命与希望的传承，这幅画更是无愧一开始提到的绝世之画。

"The Gift of the Magi"is a short story written by O. Henry (a pen name for William Sydney Porter), about a young married couple and how they deal with the challenge of buying secret Christmas gifts for each other with very little money. As a sentimental story with a moral lesson about gift-giving, it has been a popular one for adaptation, especially for presentation during the Christmas season. The plot and its "twist ending" are well-known, and the story and its lesson are sometimes subverted for the sake of irony or humor. It was allegedly written at Pete's Tavern[1][2] on Irving Place in New York [Jim] Dillingham Young and his wife Della are a young couple who are very much in love with each other, but can barely afford their one-room apartment due to their very bad economic situation. For Christmas, Della decides to buy Jim a chain which costs $ for his prized pocket watch given to him by his father. To raise the funds, she has her long, beautiful hair cut off and sold to make a wig. Meanwhile, Jim decides to sell his watch to buy Della a beautiful set of combs made out of tortoiseshell and jewels for her lovely, knee-length brown hair. Although each is disappointed to find the gift they chose rendered useless, each is pleased with the gift they received, because it represents their love for one story ends with the narrator comparing the pair's mutually sacrificial gifts of love with those of the Biblical Magi:The magi, as you know, were wise men – wonderfully wise men – who brought gifts to the new-born King of the Jews in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. Of all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the Cop and the AnthemPlot summaryThe Cop and the Anthem has only one character who is given a name, the protagonist "Soapy." Furthermore, no last name is given. It is made clear that Soapy is homeless, a member of the substantial army of underclass men and women who had flocked to New York City during the earliest years of the twentieth short story's narrative is set in an unstated day in late fall. Because the city trees' deciduous leaves are falling and there is a hint of frost in the air, Soapy faces the urgent necessity of finding some sort of shelter for the winter. O. Henry uses characteristically high-flown language to describe Soapy's desperate with many other homeless people in the United States, Soapy is psychologically experienced in thinking of the local jail as a de facto homeless shelter. He therefore develops a series of tactics intended to encourage the police to classify him as a criminal and arrest 's ploys include swindling a restaurant into serving him an expensive meal, vandalizing the plate-glass window of a luxury shop, repeating his eatery exploit at a humble diner, sexually harassing a young woman, pretending to be publicly intoxicated, and stealing another man's , all of these attempts are quickly exposed as failures. The upper-class restaurant looks at Soapy's threadbare clothes and refuses to serve him. A police officer responds to the broken window but decides to pursue an innocent bystander. The diner refuses to have Soapy arrested, and instead has two servers throw Soapy out onto a concrete 's failures to earn his desired arrest continue. The young woman, far from feeling harassed, proves to be more than ready for action. Another police officer observes Soapy impersonating a drunk and disorderly man, but assumes that the exhibitionistic conduct is that of a Yale student celebrating their victory over "Hartford College" in football. Finally, the victim of the umbrella theft relinquishes the item without a on these events, Soapy despairs of his goal of getting arrested and imprisoned. With the autumn sun gone and night having fallen, Soapy lingers by a small Christian church, considering his O. Henry describes events, the small church has a working organ and a practicing organist. As Soapy listens to the church organ play an anthem, he experiences a spiritual epiphany in which he resolves to cease to be homeless, end his life as a tramp afflicted with unemployment, and regain his self-respect. Soapy recalls that a successful businessman had once offered him a job. Lost in a reverie, Soapy decides that on the very next day he will seek out this potential mentor and apply for Soapy stands on the street and considers this plan for his future, however, a policeman taps him on the shoulder and asks him what he is doing. When Soapy answers “Nothing,” his fate is sealed: he has been arrested for loitering. In the magistrate’s court on the following day, he is convicted of a misdemeanor and is sentenced to three months in Riker's Island, the New York City jail.

我认为不太好

欧亨利是美国二十世纪初期最著名的短篇小说家之一。他的作品有趣而又意味深长，反映了当时美国的社会现实。并且他的作品因其奇巧的艺术构思，出其不意的结尾而著称。从题材的性质来看，欧亨利的作品大致可分为三类。一类以描写美国西部生活为主；一类写的是美国一些大城市的生活；一类则以拉丁美洲生活为对象。这些不同的题材，显然与作者一生中几个主要生活时期的不同经历，有着密切的关系。而三类作品当中，无疑又以描写城市生活的作品数量最多，意义最大。