社会语言学毕业论文怎么写

关于英语语言学的论文，论文题目和主要内容已列出，供参考。链接附后1.题目：语言学英文版论文。主要内容：该论文主要讲词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。.题目：.英语专业毕业论文(语言学)——谈判英语文化差异。主要内容：该论文主要讲国际商务谈判中文化差异的影响，就是汉语习惯思维和西方语言文化之间表达的准确性对商务谈判带来的影响。.题目：外国语言学及应用语言学硕士论文：商务英语信函的词汇特点研究，主要内容：商务英语信函词汇的选择和应用多呈现如下7种特点：1)简单词汇的选择。2)具体词汇多于笼统词汇。3)褒义词多于贬义词。4)缩写词的选择。5)确切词汇多于模糊词汇。6)礼貌、客气的词汇多于不礼貌的词汇。7)商业术语的选择。产生的原因多取决于商务活动的和商业伙伴的合作关系。商务活动的双方均为达至双赢的进行合作。这是本文所分析的词汇特点产生的主要原因。

和我的论文有点相似，我的论文是：我国男士化妆品消费者心理与行为分析，不过你这个比我的偏多了，有机会的话，我把我的论文借你参考参考。

论文开题报告基本要素

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摘要是对论文提纲的总结，通常不超过1或2页，摘要包含以下内容：

目录应该列出所有带有页码的标题和副标题， 副标题应缩进。

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这一部分不只是你已经阅读过的相关文献的总结摘要，而是必须对其进行批判性评论，并能够将这些文献与你提出的研究联系起来。

这部分应该告诉读者你想在研究中发现什么。在这部分明确地陈述你的研究问题和假设。在大多数情况下，主要研究问题应该足够广泛，而次要研究问题和假设则更具体，每个问题都应该侧重于研究的某个方面。

Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies 二语词汇习得策略 [摘 要] 词汇是构成语言的基本单位，词汇习得在语言学习中占有重要地位。英国著名语言学家. Wilkins (1972) 说过：“没有语法，人们不能表达很多东西；而没有词汇，人们则无法表达任何东西。”这就说明了词汇在学习中的重要性。本文旨在分析二语词汇习得策略并应用于不同水平的学习者。学习者根据自己的水平选择正确的习得方法和策略学习词汇，从而提高学习效率和习得效果。 关键字： 二语词汇习得 词汇习得策略 元认知策略 认知策略 Abstract Vocabulary is the basic unit of a language. Language acquisition plays an important role in language learning. Famous linguistics D. A. Wilkins said, “Without grammar, very little can be conveyed, without vocabulary, nothing can be conveyed (Lewis, 1993:16).” It speaks volumes for the importance of vocabulary in language learning. This paper aims to analysis the second language acquisition strategies and applies to different levels of learners. According to the different levels, the learners should choose the proper methods and strategies to promote learning efficiency and acquisition effect. Key words: Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition； Vocabulary Acquisition Strategies； Metacognitive strategy； Cognitive strategy Introduction With economic globalization and multi-polarization of the world, especially the population of the internet, English becomes more and more important, because it is considered as the tool for absorbing and communicating information. As we all known, vocabulary acquisition is one of the most noticed-question of the second language learners. “Vocabulary” appears in the area of linguists’ study. Nowadays, researchers still can not give a complete and reasonable definition of vocabulary. Since 1970s, the second language vocabulary acquisition research has gradually become the hot point and important subject in the second language vocabulary acquisition research area. These researches aim to discuss the efficiency vocabulary memory strategies to promote the memory skills and vocabulary levels. Then how to acquire vocabulary become popular among the researchers. Wenden &Rubin (1987), O’Malley& Chamot (1990) refer to the content of vocabulary acquisition strategies; Rubin (1987) and Oxford (1990) classify the memory strategy to the direct cognitive strategies. Especially, CohenAphek (1981), Porte (1988), O’Malley (1990), Vann (90), Cohen (1990), etc made a basic searching of vocabulary acquisition. In a word, there are various opinions in how to acquire vocabulary. Firstly, it talks about the importance of vocabulary. Secondly, what does it mean to “acquire” a word? This paper mainly aims to the detail analysis of the vocabulary acquisition from three aspects：Meta-cognitive Strategy; Cognitive Strategy and Social or Affective Strategy. Especially, it highlights the effect of the context and rending to vocabulary acquisition. This paper talks about the applications of the vocabulary acquisition strategies. And it puts forward some problems and difficulties of vocabulary acquisition. This paper also discusses the influencing factors to the acquisition. It includes the mother tongue, age, language contact, logical thinking ability, identity degree, and academic motivation . The purpose of this paper is to rise the awareness of English learners that the importance of vocabulary in language learning and the vocabulary acquisition strategies can not be neglected, and each strategies is deeply rooted in its language. Through the analysis of the theory of study, the paper tries to draw the learner’s attention to the strategies of the second language vocabulary acquisition and using the vocabulary in communication. In order to improve the acquisition efficiency, some strategies put into practice are introduced. The first presents the importance of vocabulary, some basic concepts of vocabulary and vocabulary learning, the second part tells what does it mean to know a word, the third part deals with the theory of vocabulary acquisition and presents the factors and differences influencing the vocabulary acquisition. The fourth part is detailed discussion of vocabulary acquisition strategies in different levels of learners. The last part is conclusion. Literature review 1. The importance of vocabulary As the first time, when we go to school and our English teacher will tell us that vocabulary is of great importance in learning English. After several years, we understand words gradually, especially when we study in high school. If we know a little about vocabulary, we may have poor English. That is because the listening, speaking, reading and writing show the necessary of learning vocabulary. Many researchers agree that lexis is at least as important as structure, because it is using wrong words and not wrong grammar that usually breaks down communication. Mistakes in lexis much more often lead to misunderstanding and may be less generously tolerated outside classroom than mistakes in syntax. (Carter, 1987). As Stephen Krashen remarked, “When students travel, they don’t carry grammar books, they carry dictionaries. A significant role of vocabulary in both teaching and learning processes was first stated by Stephen Krashen in The Natural Approach (1985): “Vocabulary is basic for communication. If acquirers do not recognize the meaning of the key words used by those who address them they will be unable to participate in the conversation.” Words are basic tools in human communication; therefore they determine the main part of people’s life-relationships between people and associations with the surrounding world that people live in. The larger one’s vocabulary, the easier it is to express one’s thoughts and feelings. In real communication, correctly and idiomatically used vocabulary can even decrease some structural inaccuracy and grammar errors. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). So learners should enrich and expand their knowledge of words as much as possible in order to communicate effectively in a foreign language. 2. What does it mean to “know” a word? Knowing a word is not a simple phenomenon. In fact, it is quite complex and goes far beyond the word’s meaning and pronunciation. (Zhang Jiying, 2002). Richards (1976) think knowing a word means also knowing the frequency of words and their likely collocates; being aware of the functional and situation limitations that apply; knowledge of the “syntactic behavior”; derivational forms and word class; associative and connotative knowledge; semantic value-breaking down words into minimal units as with componential analysis (see Katz&Fodor1963or Leech1974); knowing the other (possible) meaning associated. Nagy and Scott (2000) identify several dimensions that describe the complexity of what it means to know a word. First, word knowledge is incremental, which means that readers need to have many exposures to a word in different contexts before they “know” it. Second, word knowledge is multidimensional. This is because many words have multiple meanings and serve different functions in different function in different sentences, texts, and even conversations. Third, word knowledge is interrelated in that knowledge of one word connects knowledge of other words. What all of this means is that “knowing” a word is a matter of degree rather than an all-or-nothing proposition (Beck&Mckeown, 1991; Nagy&Scott, 2000). The degree of knowing a word are reflected in the precision with which we use a word, how quickly we understand a word, and how well we understand and use words in different modes and different purpose. The memory strategy, cognitive strategy, social strategy and metacognitve strategy are used more frequently than the affective strategy and compensative strategy. Conclusion This paper has attempted to provide some theories of second language vocabulary acquisition and some strategies. Such as metacognitive strategy, cognitive strategy, and social strategy. However, this paper also put forward some microcosmic strategy. As a matter of fact, vocabulary acquisition should combine the context. In addition, this paper hasn’t mentioned that culture is also an important factor in vocabulary acquisition. In the study of second language vocabulary acquisition, we should pay attention to the process and the acquiring results. This paper focuses on the study of the second language vocabulary acquisition strategies. Bibliography [1] . Chamot. The Learning Strategies of ESL Students. In A. L. Wenden & J. Rubin, (eds), Learner Strategies in Language Learning, 1987. [2] Cater. R. and M. McCarthy. Vocabulary and Language Teaching. New York: Longman, 1987. [3] Nation, L. S. P. Teaching and Learning Vocabulary. New Newbury House Publishers, 1990. [4] O’Malley, J. & Chamot, A. U.. Learning Strategies in Second Language Acquisition [J]. Cambridge University Press, 1990:12-15. [5] 陈桦，张益芳.中国儿童英语词汇记忆策略探究[J].外语学刊,2001(4). [11] 戴曼纯. 论第二语言词汇习得研究[J]. 外语教学与研究，2002(2). [12] 徐德凯.大学英语词汇教学理论与实践[M].长春：吉林出版集团有限责任公司，2009. [6] 王文宇.观念、策略与英语词汇记忆[J].外语教学与研究，1998(1). [13] 文秋芳. 英语学习策略论.上海：上海外语教育出版社，1996. [7] 吴霞，王蔷.非英语专业本科生词汇水平研究. 外语教学与研究，1998(1). [15] 张纪英.英语词汇学教学与研究[M]. 武汉：华中科技大学出版社,2007. [16] 朱厚敏. 英语词汇学习策略研究[M] 长春：吉林大学出版社，2009.

自考毕业论文格式规范 设计毕业设计（论文）是学生在校学习的最后阶段，是培养学生综合运用所学知识，发现、提出、分析和解决实际问题，锻炼实践能力的重要环节，是对学生实际工作能力的系统训练和考察过程。毕业设计报告（或论文，下称报告）是学生在教师指导下，对所从事工作和取得成果的完整表述。报告的撰写是学生基本能力训练的过程，应当符合国家及有关行业（部门）指定的有关标准，符合汉语语言规范。为加强对此项工作的指导，严格把关，制定本规范。 一、报告的结构与要求 报告包括标题、内容摘要、索引关键词、目录、正文、后记、参考文献和附录等部分。全文专业技术类不少于12 000个汉字（含较简单的图表、程序段等），经济管理和文法类不少于10 000个汉字。报告一律打印，不得手写。 1．报告标题 报告标题应当简短、明确，有概括性，符合毕业设计任务的要求。报告标题应能体现报告的核心内容、专业特点和学科范畴。报告标题不得超过25个汉字，不得设置副标题，不得使用标点符号，可以分二行书写。报告标题用词必须规范，不得使用缩略语或外文缩写词。 2．内容摘要 内容摘要应扼要叙述报告的主要内容、特点，文字精练，是一篇具有独立性和完整性的短文，包括主要成果和结论性意见。摘要中不应使用公式、图表，不标注引用文献编号，并应避免将摘要撰写成目录式的内容介绍。内容摘要一般不超过200个汉字。 3．索引关键词 索引关键词是供检索用的主题词条，应采用能够覆盖报告主要内容的通用专业术语（参照相应的专业术语标准），一般列举3~5个，按照词条的外延层次从大到小排列，并应出现在内容摘要中。 4．目录 目录应独立成页，包括报告中全部章、节的标题和所在页码。 5．正文 正文包括绪论、报告主体和结论等部分。正文必须从页首开始。 绪论一般做为专业技术类报告的第一章，应综述前人在本领域的工作成果，说明毕业设计选题的目的、背景和意义，国内外文献资料情况以及所要研究的主要内容。 经济管理类和文法类报告的绪论即全文的开始部分，不编写章节号。一般包括对写作目的、意义的说明，对所研究问题的认识并提出问题。 报告主体是全文的核心部分，应结构合理，层次清晰，重点突出，文字通顺简练。 结论是对主要成果的归纳，要突出创新点，以简练的文字对所做的主要工作进行评价。结论一般不超过500个汉字。 正文一级及以下子标题格式如下： 专业技术类：第一章；；一、；1.；（1）；①； 经济管理、文法类：1；；一、；（一）；①。 6．后记 对整个毕业设计工作进行简单的回顾总结，对导师和对为毕业设计工作、报告撰写等提供帮助的组织或个人表示感谢。内容尽量简洁明了。 7．参考文献 参考文献是报告的不可缺少的组成部分。它反映了毕业设计工作中取材的广博程度。参考文献应以近期发表或出版的与本专业密切相关的学术著作和学术期刊文献为主。参考文献数量专业技术类不少于10篇，经济管理和文法类不少于15篇。 产品说明、技术标准、未公开出版或发表的研究报告等不列为参考文献，有确需说明的可以在后记中予以说明。 网上参考文献应注明准确的网页地址。 8．附录 对不宜放在正文中但对报告确有作用的材料（如外文文献的复印件和中文译文、公式的推导过程、较大型的程序流程图、较长的程序代码段、图纸、数据表格等），可以编制成报告的附录。附录字数不计入报告应达到的文字数量。 二、打印要求 报告必须使用标准A4打印纸进行打印，页面上、下边距各厘米，左右边距各厘（报告所附的较大的图纸、数据表格及计算机程序段清单等除外），并按报告装订顺序要求如下： 1．封面 见附件《报告封面、指导教师意见页、系部答辩委员会意见页》。 2．内容摘要 摘要标题按照正文一级子标题要求处理，摘要内容按照正文要求处理。内容摘要不设页码。 3．索引关键词 索引关键词与内容摘要同处一页，位于内容摘要之后，另起一行并以“索引关键词：”开头（字体加粗），后跟3~5个关键词（字体不加粗），词间空1字，其他要求同正文。 4．目录 目录列至报告正文的二级及以上标题所在页码，内容打印要求与正文相同。目录页不设页码。 5．正文 正文必须从正面开始，并设置为第1页。页码在页末居中打印，其他要求同正文（如正文第5页格式为“―5―”）。 报告标题为标准二号宋体字，居中，单倍行间距； 报告一级子标题为标准四号黑体字，居中，单倍行间距； 报告二级及以下子标题为标准小四号黑体字，左起空两个字打印，行间距为固定值20磅； 正文一律使用标准小四号宋体字，段落开头空两个字，行间距为固定值20磅； 正文中的公式原则上居中。如公式前有文字（如：“解”、“假定”等），文字应与正文左侧对齐，公式仍居中，公式末尾不加标点。公式序号按章编排，如第二章的第三个公式序号为“（2—3）”，附录2中的第三个公式序号为“（②—3）”等； 正文中的插图应与文字紧密配合，文图相符，内容正确，绘制规范。插图按章编号并置于插图的正下方，插图不命名，如第二章的第三个插图序号为“图2—3”，插图序号使用标准五号宋体字； 正文中的插表不加左右边线。插表按章编号并置于插表的左上方，插表不命名，如第二章的第三个插表序号为“表2—3”，插表序号使用标准五号宋体字。 6. 后记 后记独占一页，标题按照正文一级子标题要求处理，内容按照正文要求处理。 7. 参考文献 按照GB7714—87《文后参考文献著录规则》规定的格式打印，内容打印要求与报告正文相同。参考文献从页首开始，著录格式如下： 著作图书文献 序号 作者．书名．版次（第一版省略）．出版者，出版年份：引用部分起止页码 译著图书文献 序号 作者．书名．译者．版次（第一版省略）．出版者，出版年份：引用部分起止页码 学术刊物文献 序号 作者．文章名．学术刊物名．年，卷（期）：引用部分起止页码 学术会议文献 序号 作者．文章名．编者名．会议名称，会议地址，年份．出版地，出版者，出版年：引用部分起止页码 学位论文类参考文献 序号 作者．学位论文题目．学校和学位论文级别．答辩年份：引用部分起止页码 西文文献 著录格式同中文，实词的首字母大写，其余小写。 参考文献作者人数较多者只列前三名，中间用逗号分隔，多于三人的后面加“等”字（西文加“etc.”）。 学术会议若出版论文集者，在会议名称后加“论文集”字样；未出版论文集者省去“出版者”、“出版年”项；会议地址与出版地相同的省略“出版地”，会议年份与出版年相同的省略“出版年”。 8. 附录 按照正文一级子标题以下格式打印，每个附录均从页首开始，并在附录起始页的左上角用标准小四号黑体字注明附录序号。 9. 评定意见页 见附件《报告封面、指导教师意见页、系部答辩委员会意见页》。 三、范文示例 （报告标题：永久性载人空间站对接技术研究） 封面（略去） （另起一页） 内容摘要 本报告通过对目前世界上正在使用的永久性载人空间站之间或与运载飞行器之间的交会对接技术的对比研究，提出了…… 索引关键词：空间技术 飞行器 空间站 交会对接 （另起一页） 目录 第一章 绪论…………………………………………………………………………… 1 1．1 课题背景………………………………………………………………………… 1 1．2 交会对接技术发展现状………………………………………………………… 1 第二章 ………… 2．1 ………… 后记………… 参考文献………… 附录1………… ＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝＝论文格式，供你参考。