Financial management problems researchIn a market economy, the management is to determine the importance of enterprise survival and development. In recent years, due to ideological bias in understanding and some historical reasons, the objective reasons why the number of internal financial management system is not sound financial management to cause confusion, resulting in some lack of internal oversight mechanisms, occurring false accounts or accounts peripherals account. A direct result of confusion in financial management and poor efficiency of enterprises. This is the proof from experience. Therefore, the strengthening of financial management, establish a sound internal financial management system has become a business imperative. First, enterprises should establish a sound system of internal financial management. (A) The establishment of internal financial management system is to adapt to the socialist market economic system, the objective requirements of Enterprises to survive in market competition, and development, we must follow the requirements of market economy norms financial behavior. That must be in accordance with the requirements of market economy financing, use of funds and distribution of benefits, improve production and operations, improve the economic efficiency of enterprises, thereby enhancing their competitiveness in order to achieve economic growth, to change the way companies adapt to market economy objective requirements. (B) Establish a sound internal financial management system is an inherent requirement of enterprise management 1、Financial management is the basis for all management activities, is the central link in enterprise management. Internal financial management of the company's funds management activities and the form of value, mainly based on cost management and capital management as the center, through a form of value management, to physical form of management. Therefore financial management is the basis for all management activities, the central link in enterprise 、Financial management throughout all aspects of production and operation and the entire process. According to its meaning, we can summarize the four main elements of financial management, including fund-raising management, investment management, working capital management and profit distribution management. (C) financial management and business management all have extensive contact In business activities, financial management of the tentacles stretched to every corner of business, each department will be serviced through the use of funds into contact with the financial sector, each sector should in the rational use of funds, to save money and so accept what Department guidance, subject to the constraints of financial systems in order to ensure the improvement of economic efficiency of enterprises. (D) Fast Company's financial management reflects the company's production operations. All production and business activities of enterprises, are ultimately reflected in the financial results up through the accounting, analysis, comparison, you can check the implementation of enterprise production and business activities, and finding problems, find solutions to the problem. In particular financial results reflect the number and circumstances of the authoritative. In business management, regardless of whether the appropriate decision-making level of technology, production and marketing is smooth and other areas can be quickly reflected from the financial indicators. Second, internal financial management system is difficult to establish the main reason (A) Of the market economy on the business impact of internal financial management system As the market economy further, some units of one-sided emphasis on corporate ownership and management rights, to relax the internal financial management, resulting in varying degrees of accounting based on the work of the weakening, landslides and even chaos. In particular in: 1、According to state regulations, prepare accounts of the financial system does not require the construction, prepare accounts but the accounts Though some confusion; 2、Account or accounts peripheral false accounts, concealing the true financial condition and business economic results; 3、Violation of financial discipline, unauthorized retention, transfer of national income, "little treasuries"; 4、Violation of the financial accounting system, mob unjustified costs, free to write off the cost, reduce profits or increase any loss, severe distortion of accounting information. (B) The overall quality of corporate financial officers is not high enough lead to strong financial management awareness As a corporate financial officer is the drafting of internal financial systems, and also a supervisor and executor. Therefore, the company staff the ability to work, the level of service quality on the establishment of internal financial systems and the implementation of the system plays an important role. But a considerable part of the company's financial staff as subjective and objective factors, difficult to fully undertake the development of internal financial management system functions, mainly: 1、A considerable part of the financial personnel not familiar with the new enterprise financial systems, business is not fine, initiative is not strong, was unable to start with; 2、There is fear of corporate financial officers, afraid of offending the leadership, fear of losing easy work; 3、Position itself is not even one-sided view to establish and improve internal financial management system is a matter of leadership has nothing to do with their own. Third, establish a sound system of internal financial management measures Analysis for the above reasons, establish a sound internal financial systems, available from the following aspects: (A) To strengthen leadership, unity of thinking, to raise awareness Strengthen publicity and education, through advocacy and education to business owners and financial officers, are able to fully understand the importance of financial management within the enterprise, necessity and relevance, to establish a sound system of internal financial management combined with the modern enterprise system, With the deepening of enterprise reform, change their operating mechanism combined. To remove the system more robust, the greater the constraints on business leaders recognize the error, correct thinking, continue to carry forward the fine tradition of hard work and style, and promote the healthy development of this work. (B) To strengthen the corporate financial staff training and enhancing ethics finance staff 1、Through a series of training courses, seminars, courses and conferences and other means to enhance the business training corporate financial officers, financial officers to enhance the learning of the market economic theory in order to improve the level of financial personnel and accounting theory of the business. 2、Strengthen the financial staff of professional ethics, and vigorously promote the reform and opening up the financial front since the company emerged out of the advanced character and deeds, the majority of financial officers perceived importance of professional ethics training to high professional ethics do their jobs. (C) The financial sector should strengthen guidance and promote the establishment of internal financial system The financial departments should establish and improve internal financial management system and implementation of enterprise autonomy, and promote enterprises to change their operational mechanism, establish a modern enterprise system. Written guidance is necessary tissue samples to help companies promote counseling and guidance to accelerate the popularization. In summary, the objective of financial management of financial activities of the enterprise organization, handling financial relationships to achieve the fundamental purpose, which determines the basic direction of financial management, financial management is the starting point. Enterprise Financial Management reflects the balance between the interests of interest groups, is a comprehensive reflection of the interaction of various factors. Enterprise is the enterprise financial management system for financial management, financial work to develop the enterprise system. According to relevant laws, regulations and financial system, and developed with the specific circumstances of enterprises. In practice, norms and guiding role to play, the sound development of enterprises played an important role.
财务管理论文英文参考文献
范文一
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范文二
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财务管理论文参考文献怎么写
参考文献规范格式
一、参考文献的类型
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：
M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的'首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & .;
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.
【举例】
[1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58.
[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.
[3] Heider, . The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
【举例】[4] 葛家 澍 ，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3.报纸类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).
【举例】
[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).
[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).
4.论文集
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[8] 伍 蠡 甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.
[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, .
[10] Almarza, . Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. .
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7.
6.研究报告
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-10.
7.条例
【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期
【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—05
8.译著
【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
三、注释
注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。
四、参考文献
参考文献与文中注(王小龙，2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等 ，并列写出来
一、私营企业财务管理的影响因素企业的财务管理活动是受理财环境制约的，研究理财环境各因素变化对企业财务管理的影响，是为了分析财务管理的发展规律，寻求提高财务管理水平的途径。影响我国私营企业财务管理的因素有宏观方面也有微观方面的，各种因素纵横交错、互为条件、相巨制约。（一）宏观社会环境因素的影响宏观社会环境包括国家经济政策、产业政策、经济发展水平和金融市场状况等。宏观社会因素的正面刺激作用是因为地方政府对私营经济鼓励态度更为明显，地方政府各种优化环境，促进私营经济发展的经济政策出台，经济结构中的市场化成分进一步提高。金融市场进一步完善，融资“不以企业性质论长短，一视同仁”，为私营企业调节资金余缺，进行资本投资提供便利。税法和公司法等法规不以所有制性质实行差别待遇，为私营企业市场公平竞争、规范管理活动起到推动作用。负面作用包括政府有关部门对私营经济意识形态方面排斥力仍大，政府经济主管部门和执法、监督部门在掌握政策中对私营企业“宁左勿右”，“宁紧勿松”，公共经济资源分配中的差别待遇仍然存在，金融业的信用贷款仍不向私营企业开放，企业融资渠道少，融资总量有限。这些负面影响导致私营企业不敢冒然扩大投资，对外投资也信心不足，宏观社会环境因素的变化，对企业财务管理的地位职能作用，及活动空间有直接影响。（二）微观环境因素的影响私营企业组织形式、结构、生产经营管理水平、业主及财务人员素质状况、企业文化均影响企业的财务管理发展。1、组织形式的选择不同类型的企业，其资本来源结构不同，企业所适用的法律方面有所不同和差别，财务管理活动开展的空间范围也不同。私营企业选择有限责任公司这一组织形式的居多，但大多私营企业是亲戚、家族、朋友合办的企业，这类企业在建设初期情义代替规章制度。企业组织形式不同，其资本结构也不同，资本结构和组织特点影响企业财务监督模式和财务管理的具体内容。2、业主素质：私营企业业主往往既是投资者又是经营管理者，他的素质高低，直接影响财务管理活动的开展。企业财务管理目标能否实现取决于业主在韬略上把握控制、监督理财的素质。3、企业文化。业主在企业文化的形成方面起着极为重要的作用。企业文化又影响财务管理人员选拔使用，财务管理职责权限及财务信息在企业管理中的披露程度。企业文化还在一定程度上是吸引和稳定财务管理人才的重要因素。4、科技发展状况。高科技私营企业里，人力资源是企业的重要资源，企业的发展壮大要靠科技创新和管理创新。所以科技发展状况影响企业管理机制和利润分配机制，也影响财务管理的职能作用发挥。在客观和微观两方面的影响因素中，微观因素对企业财务管理活动的刺激作用更大。以下侧重从微观环境因素着手，分析不同环境因素影响了财务管理的特征。二、私营企业财务管理特征企业只有在理财环境的各种因素作用下实现财务活动的协调平衡，才能生存和发展。私营企业财务管理人员的来源，财务监控模式方面有共性的一面；但因不同发展阶段，不同层次的私营企业的内部环境因素不同，企业财务管理水平也不同，呈现着阶段性的特征。（一）小规模、低层次私营企业的财务管理特征小规模私营企业由于投资规模小，自有资金有限，企业经营管理层次低，产品科技含量。员工素质不高市场竞争力有限。这类企业的财务管理主要有以下特征。1、凭经验决策，财务管理地位不高小规模非科技型私营企业，其决策模式主要为经验决策。私营企业在经营决策方面有着高效率的优势，但决策程序较粗糙，决策所需信息中，相当程度仍使用以供销人员为主体的偶遇式的市场信息收集方式，信息的收集处理利用并无规范的规则，财务人员参与收集分析信息极小，决策信息准确度较差，决策的可靠度低。企业财务管理未受到重视、财务管理在业主以外的管理中影响不大、地位不高。大部分小企业本配置独立的财务管理机构或人员，财务人员被当作“记帐”员，主要负责对外提供财务与纳税报表。2、财务人员业务素质低，财务管理职能作用不大私营企业在发展初期，人与人的关系基于血缘关系和地缘联系，对团体以外的人天然的不信任。在财务这一敏感部门，“忠诚度”成为用人的重要标志，无血缘、乡缘关系的财务管理能人群体很难与家族势力平衡。所以，在小规模低层次的私营企业，真正的财务专业人才很难留住，财务人员大多未经正规的专业培训，缺乏财务管理的能力，难以为管理高层提供有效的财务信息。3、业主“说了算”，财务管理内容单一中国的私营企业在其发展的初级阶段，表现出个人专权和家族控制的特色，80％以上的资产集中于创业者身上，董事长兼总经理是普遍现象。企业的资金筹集、使用由老板说了算。权力集中的家族式的经营，使财务管理也高度集中。不少小型私营企业的财务管理活动仅限于财务控制，即财务部门通过控制财务收支和分析检查财务指标完成情况来监督企业本身的经营活动，降低产品成本，增加企业盈利，协助业主实施财务监控。（二）大型、高科技私营企业财务管理特征私营企业完成原始积累发展到一定规模（资本千万元以上），企业的发展顺靠科技与管理人才，企业管理也较国有企业创新快，财务管理活动呈现着现代企业财务管理特征。1、企业财务管理目标明确，财务管理受到重视所有制结构决定了私营企业的经营以追逐利润为目标。在这一总体目标的指导下，企业的各个部门包括财务管理部门都努力工作，为企业创造更多的价值。同时私营企业资产达到一定规模后，企业生产和经营各个环节都是面向市场的，财务工作也处处体现了市场对于企业资金的筹集和运用的深远影响。企业正是通过财务管理的统筹安排和统一协调将内部形式上相互隔离但内容上紧密相关的各项决策过程结合起来，以面对变幻莫测的市场环境。在这种巨大的外在压力作用下，私营业主及高层管理者不得不重视财务专业人才的作用，不少大型私营企业专设的财务管理机构并赋予应有的权力和手段，实现合理筹集资金有效运用资金，加强财务分析与监督的目的。2、激励机制灵活，财务管理工作创新不断在相当一部分大型私营企业中，财务人才在财务管理职位上受到重视，企业业主认识到。企业所需要的不再仅仅是“记帐”的人，而需要理财能人。加上私营企业在资产达到一定规模后，受到更大的外部压力而需淡化家族色彩，以适应严厉的法律，政策环境和社会舆论。抛弃“上阵亲兄弟，打虎父子兵”的陈腐观念，超越了家族式经营的原始积累阶段，并以其灵活的人才聘用机制，在激烈的人才竞争中占了先机。为吸引和稳定高水平人才，私营企业在激励机制和企业文化建设上下功夫。二些大型、高科技私营企业以“绩效股”、“认股权证”、“年薪”、“津贴”等褒赏企业有功之臣的激励机制，有效地推动了管理人员在管理方面不断创新，开拓进取。财务能人不再仅仅是“听老板的话，记好帐，守好财”那类人，而是精于管理，善于开创，敢于提出独特的见解，能为企业发展出力的专业人才。财务管理工作与国有企业相比，少了框框的限制，更容易创新发展，各种财务战略管理方法手段，更容易被采纳适应现代企业发展的市场观念，竞争观念，开放观念更容易被财务人员接受。3、集权型财务管理模式，财务控制分析职能突出大型、高科技私营企业，通常会形成一定授权经营机制，从而形成业主以外的管理层，但大部分私营企业财务管理仍信奉“稳定优先、兼顾效率”原则，实行集权型管理。“在企业统一筹划。监控之下，对所属分公司、部门的财务活动实施有效的管理，并通过健全的内部财务管理制度，堵塞漏洞，保证资金安全有效使用。这种高度集权的管理模式在私营企业集团的发展过程中起到了统筹规划，集中有效财力开发产品、搞大项目，占领市场，促进资本原始积累，制止资金浪费，确保集团资产安全发挥了积极作用。与此相适应，企业财务控制和分析职能得到了强化，财务管理部门制定控制标准，分解落实财务责任，实施追踪控制，及时调整误差，分析产生的差异，为考核评价财务活动提供信息。同时，公司财务人员参与企业经营的全过程，对企业的决策和运行实行动态管理和制约，促使企业经营获得高速稳健的运行。我国大型私营企业财务管理工作虽然有所改进，财务管理也受到业主和管理当局重视，但从总体上看，仍处于低效率低水平阶段。财务管理工作与私营企业日益发展壮大的要求不相适应。要使我国私营企业财务管理为企业的稳定增长、长远发展和使企业具有强壮生命力和优越的竞争力作出更大贡献，就应进一步优化企业理财环境，突出财务管理的战略地位，健全财务管理机构，并将其放在高层管理的位置上，赋予财务管理部门更大的权力和责任。要按市场经济的要求，进一步转变观念更新内容、转变职能，建立健全财务管理人员的激励机制，充分调动管理人员理财的积极性、创造性、采取有效措施切实提高私营企业财务管理水平。一、企业财务管理目标特性的思辩企业财务管理目标特性，是指财务管理系统中目标要素的内在的、固有的、质的规定性。笔者认为，从系统论的基本原理来看，企业财务管理目标具有以下四个基本特征：1.系统性。系统性是指企业财务管理目标要素对财务管理系统内的其他要素及有机构成具有终极导向性。也就是说，财务管理目标是财务管理系统的出发点和归宿，目标的设置，应以系统整体最优化为首要原则。因此，财务管理目标不仅应兼顾利益主体各方的利益，达到系统最优化，而且应引导企业财务行为在持续经营期内始终服务于其财务管理目标，避免短期行为的发生。在各种财务管理目标模式中，企业价值最大化基本符合这一特性；而利润最大化具有短期行为，不符合目标终极性，股东财富最大化仅注重股东利益，也不符合系统最优原则。2.相关性。相关性是指企业财务管理目标与系统内其他要素的范围及口径一致、协调和有机关联，达到系统最优化目标。具体地说，就是要与企业理财主体空间范围相一致，与企业所处的理财环境相适应，而且兼顾、协调各种利益主体的利益。利润最大化、企业价值最大化能够满足这一要求。而股东财富最大化却混淆了企业和股东的关系，一个理财主体的财务管理是为了实现另一个理财主体的财富最大化，这从理论上无法解释。财务管理环境对其目标模式有重大影响，目前我国现代企业制度还未真正、完全地建立起来，选择企业价值最大化和利润最大化模式，具有一定的现实性及可行性；而股东财富最大化模式仅适合于上市公司，而且只注重股东利益，对企业其他关系人的利益不够重视。况且股票价格受多种因素影响，并非是公司所能完全控制的，把不可控的因素引入理财目标，显然是不合理的。3.操作性。操作性就是指企业财务管理目标确定的方法是先进可行的，是可以操作的。操作性的关键问题在于计量。利润最大化的目标模式操作性较强，但没有考虑资金时间价值和风险问题，具有短期行为的倾向，而股东财富最大化模式以股票价格最大化为标准，也具有一定的操作性，但相关性和可行性不强。企业价值最大化模式，只能通过资产评估来确定企业价值的大小，并且确认成本较高，确认时间、确认范围也受到一定限制。4.效率性。效率性是指财务管理目标的设置，一定要考虑资金利用的效率，争取资金利用效率最大化，这不仅有利于财务资源的优化配置，而且有利于社会经济资源的有效利用。企业价值最大化、利润最大化只注重企业理财效果的最大化，而没有考虑企业理财效果与其投入资本的关系，即理财效率的问题。而股东财富最大化目标模式，虽以每股股价为标准，但不同股票的每股含量在经济上并不等量，所含有的净资产和市价也不同，即换取每股收益的投入量不相同，限制了每股收益及其股价在公司之间的横向比较，因此，也难以促进社会经济资源的合理配置。通过以上评述可以看出，上述三种财务管理模式均存在着某些方面的缺陷和不足。笔者认为，符合这四个基本特性的企业财务管理目标，应该是企业经济增加值率最大化。二、企业财务管理目标的最优选择——企业经济增加值率最大化企业经济增加值率最大化（mevar）目标模式，是指企业通过财务上的合理经营，采取最优化的财务政策，充分考虑资金时间价值和风险及报酬的关系，在保证企业长期稳定发展的基础上，追求一定时间内所创造的经济增加值（eva）与投入资本（c）之比的最大化。eva是企业经济增加值〔eva＝ebit.（1-t），其中：ebit为息税前利润；t为所得税率；kw为加权平均资本成本率；c为企业投入的平均资本〕。一般而言，通过一定技术性的财务调整，eva可近似等于生息债务与权益账面价值之和。企业经济增加值率（evar）可通过下列公式计量：上述公式中，evat为第t年企业的经济增加值；k为与风险相适应的贴现率；ct为第t年企业的平均资本投入；t为eva和c的具体时间；n为企业经营的持续时间。从上式中可以看出，企业经济增加值率evar与eva成正比，与k、c成反比。在k、c不变时，eva越大，则evar越大；在eva不变时，k、c越大，则evar越小。若不考虑企业资本投入c的情况下，k的高低主要由企业风险的大小来决定。当风险大时，k就高；当风险小时，k就低。也就是说，企业经济增加值，与预期的报酬成正比，与预期的风险k成反比。从财务管理假设可知，报酬与风险是同增的，报酬的增加是以企业风险的增加为代价的，而风险的增加将会直接威胁到企业的生存，企业经济增加值只在风险和报酬达到比较好的均衡时才能达到最大。在企业经济增加值eva不变时，考虑企业的资本投入c，就可衡量企业资本增值的效率。若eva现值越大，而c不变或越小，企业经济增加值率就趋向最大化；反之亦然。以企业经济增加值率作为财务管理的目标，具有以下优点：①考虑了取得报酬的时间，并利用时间价值的原理进行计量。而且经济增加值的一个重要属性是投资年度的eva的现值，等于其投资年度的npv（现金净流量现值），而未来的企业现金净流量现值之和就是企业价值。因此，这一目标模式包容了企业价值最大化目标模式。②科学地考虑了风险与报酬的联系。③克服了企业在追求利润上的短期行为。因为不仅目前的利润会影响企业的经济增加值率，预期未来利润对其经济增加值率的影响作用也会更大。④将经济增加值的现值与投入资本的现值进行比较，可评价和分析企业资本增值的效率。进行企业财务管理，不仅要正确权衡报酬增加与风险增加的得与失，努力实现二者的最佳平衡，而且必须讲究投入资本的增值效率，使企业价值最大化的同时，资本增值效率也最大。因此，企业经济增加值率最大化观点，体现了对经济效益的深层次认识，是现代财务管理的最优目标。企业经济增加值率最大化，作为现代财务管理目标的最优选择，还具有几个明显的特征，主要可分为以下四点：1.企业经济增加值率最大化不仅扩大了考虑问题围，还注重目标的兼容性和导向性。现代企业理论认为，企业是多边契约关系的总和，各方都有自身利益，共同参与和构成企业的利益制衡机制。若试图通过损坏一方的利益而使另一方获利，其结果必然会导致矛盾冲突，不利于企业的长期稳定发展。而企业经济增加值最大化，包容了企业价值最大化目标，具有兼容性的一面。由于企业经济增加值（eva）是根据公式ebit.（1-t）来确定的，以ebit为基础，考虑资本投入及综合资本成本，要使eva最大化，就必须充分利用财务资源，这无疑都有赖于财务管理目标的正确导向，而企业经济增加值率最大化，恰好有利于上述功能要求的实现。2.企业经济增加值率最大化注重财务管理目标的相关性特征。科学合理的财务管理目标必须考虑与企业有契约关系各方面的利益。企业一定时期内的经济增加值，才是企业增加的财富。企业经济增加值率最大化是在发展中考虑经济问题，在企业经济增加值的增长中来满足各方利益关系。从逻辑关系上看，当企业财富总额一定时，各方利益是此消彼长的关系；而当企业财富增加后，各种契约关系人的利益都会较好地得到满足，实现财务管理的良性循环。3.企业经济增加值率最大化符合优化财务资源配置，提高经济资源配置效率的要求。企业经济增加值是一个相对数指标，在考虑资金时间价值和风险价值的前提下，总括地反映投入每一单位资本带来的经济增加值，它是一个效率性指标；它不仅反映投入资本的效果，而且反映投入资本的增值效率。企业经济增加值率最大化，不仅要求企业充分利用财务资源，更重要的是优化财务决策，提高财务资源利用效率。因为，社会资源通常流向企业经济增加值率最大化的企业或行业，这不仅有利于实现社会效益最大化，而且也有利于提高社会经济资源的配置效率。4.企业经济增加值率最大化目标更具现实性，符合我国社会主义初级阶段的市场经济的国情。我国正逐步建立和完善社会主义市场经济体制，企业改革也正向建立现代企业制度逐步迈进。但现代企业制度的建立在我国有着独特的、复杂的发展历程。因此，与国外企业相比，在微观方面，我国企业就更加强调财务管理的重要地位，提高财务资源配置效率，最终达到企业经济增加值率最大化。同时应强调职工的利益与权利，强调资本的保值增值，强调社会财富的积累，强调各方利益的协调，实现共同发展和共同富裕。在市场作用方面和宏观调控方面，要重点强调市场配置资源的基础作用，同时必须强化宏观调控，规避市场风险，提高社会资源配置的效率。所以，在选择财务管理目标时，仅仅局限于股东这一利益主体是不符合我国国情的；选择企业价值最大化目标，也未体现出资源配置效率性的要求。而只有企业经济增加值率最大化，才是符合社会主义初级阶段的市场经济特点的、最优的、最现实的选择。Google 翻译~！
财务管理(Financial Management)是在一定的整体目标下，关于资产的购置（投资），资本的融通（筹资）和经营中现金流量（营运资金），以及利润分配的管理。财务管理是企业管理的一个组成部分，它是根据财经法规制度，按照财务管理的原则，组织企业财务活动，处理财务关系的一项经济管理工作。简单的说，财务管理是组织企业财务活动，处理财务关系的一项经济管理工作。
翻译只是检测翻译技巧，并不一定要和毕业论文一样，我有计算机发展的中英文，如果要的话，发邮件来。
This will be the goal of financial management is to ensure the promotion of the Operational funds required to achieve the mission of the Organization and to the sustainable Exhibition. According to the experts pointed out that the profit-making organizations and non-profit organizations in the fiscal Treasury management objectives on the difference (the following table), but as a non - Profit organizations, in this financial operation will also focus on security (Flow Mobility), the long-term stability and development, expectations by a different cast Financing portfolio, spread financial risk, and the smallest in the financial winds Danger, the pursuit of a reasonable financial return. This will be the main financial management To the project, in addition to manage projects and the use of funds, is also responsible for Long-term financing plan and the recovery of funds management, and short-term vote Funding. Described as follows: The use of funds The funds will be used mainly divided into the Fund and the annual income of two Points, including funds to cover long-term financing (loans), long-term vote Financing and credit guarantee business, including the remaining funds allocated or have not yet fixed Unsigned amount, for the storage of banks, short-term bills, bonds, Funds, shares and other assets. The Fund's income from the use of these funds, including long-term Interest income from loans, credit guarantee fee income and short-term investments to Into the main branch should be the year for the financial services, international human Development, technical cooperation, business planning and the total cost, and other expenses. As at December 31, 2004 only, the overall situation such as the use of funds The right upper plans: Long-term financing (loans) case management plan As at December 31, 2004 only, this will be long-term financing plan Total 66, the program loan, the loan interest rate, grace period and signed About the amount of loans, and other major conditions as follows: Juan Financial Management Other 2% Long-term investment 3% Have been signed For not moving The amount of 16% Unsigned The Dui 43% Long-term financing 36% Long-term investment 59% Long-term financing (loan) program main conditions Project average Loan period (years) Lending rate (%) (Note) Grace period (years) The amount of credits (1,000 . dollars) 7,484 Note: non-small-scale loans In 2004 the use of funds Other 23% More than the current situation 2% Business Planning Expenditure 8% Technical cooperation expenditure 14% International human Development expenditures 21% Financial operating expenses 12% Management and General costs 20% 2004 income ratio use Profit and non-profit organizations financial management objectives of the similarities and differences - Profit organization's goals of the objectives of non-profit organizations Shares of great security and stability The most marginal benefit mission responsibility Acts of target goals Social responsibility of social responsibility Source: Shim, Jae K. & Joel G. Siegel (1997) Chapter IV of organizational and operational management 73 As at December 31, 2004 only, this Council has signed the financing Amounted to 400 million million . dollars, of which 300 million the amount of funding million . dollars, the total amount of principal repayments for the 100 million million . dollars; Fixed rate of percent for, principal repayments rate of percent. Observation of the long-term financing plan will be signed over the years accumulated amount (deduction In addition to the amount of cancellation), and the amount of funds on account of the changes (as above), Can be found both for signing, funding and principal payments, showed a Slowly growing trend, with the signing of the gap between the amount of funding, Dynamic is illustrated in a year to improve conditions for the phenomenon. This will provide more Yundang the quality of the assets, depending on asset class If other receivables, long-term lending and collection, and other subjects mentioned money Allowance for doubtful accounts are prepared, as at December 31, 2004 only, accounts out Allowance for doubtful accounts for the balance of 300 million NT 1,528 million. Case management of short-term investments In order to maintain a long-term stability of this source of income and to meet industry Treasury characteristics, capital of the first re-use of safety and mobility, taking into account Value-added revenue, in 2004 the short-term investments for banks to asset allocation Deposit, bonds (including government bonds, financial bonds and corporate bonds, etc.) The main assets and bills, the Board authorized another 500 million . Yuan limit, some professional bodies appointed by the full commission operation. As at December 31, 2004 only, short-term investments of the assets allocated Purchase of the following plans. In the past year, when interest rates since the calendar History of low upward reversal, in order to avoid bombs or interest rate risk, maturity 1996 Signing of Dollars (100 million) Allocation of principal payments 2003 2004 5 4 3 2 1 0 () Stock 2% Coupons 10 percent bonds 30% Survival 2% CDs 56% Cash 0% Signing long-term financing plan for funding and principal payments accumulated Short-term investments of asset allocation ratio 74 Of the first temporary storage in the bank CDs, so obviously the proportion of CDs High, will look to the future as interest rates rise gradually adjust the asset allocation Home proportion. And from the next calendar year will map the actual short-term rate of return on investments, and The one-year bank interest rates, can also be found through the above-mentioned With the allocation of assets, has effectively will be the overall short-term fluctuations in investment income The rate slowed down, and short-term investments in the year to maintain the yield on one-year Bank interest rates above the standard. Future This will be the last major asset investment of NT dollar and . dollar assets, Based on the actual needs of borrowing countries and spread the risk of exchange rate considerations, not Will be to meet business needs a different currency, to enhance the funding will The production value of stability. In fact, the relevant laws and regulations governing repair funds After the change, the assets of the future will be towards a more diversified use, depending on the whole - Economic performance in different parts of the appropriate distribution of assets to achieve the full San risk purposes. 2003 2004 One-year bank interest rates on short-term investments yield Over the years the actual investment income and short-term interest rates on one-year Comparison
财务管理论文参考文献怎么写
参考文献规范格式
一、参考文献的类型
参考文献(即引文出处)的类型以单字母方式标识，具体如下：
M——专著 C——论文集 N——报纸文章
J——期刊文章 D——学位论文 R——报告
对于不属于上述的文献类型，采用字母“Z”标识。
对于英文参考文献，还应注意以下两点：
①作者姓名采用“姓在前名在后”原则，具体格式是： 姓，名字的首字母. 如： Malcolm Richard Cowley 应为：Cowley, .，如果有两位作者，第一位作者方式不变，&之后第二位作者名字的'首字母放在前面，姓放在后面，如：Frank Norris 与Irving Gordon应为：Norris, F. & .;
②书名、报刊名使用斜体字，如：Mastering English Literature，English Weekly。
二、参考文献的格式及举例
1.期刊类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[J].刊名，出版年份，卷号(期号)：起止页码.
【举例】
[1] 王海粟.浅议会计信息披露模式[J].财政研究，2004,21(1)：56-58.
[2] 夏鲁惠.高等学校毕业论文教学情况调研报告[J].高等理科教育，2004(1):46-52.
[3] Heider, . The structure of color space in naming and memory of two languages [J]. Foreign Language Teaching and Research, 1999, (3): 62 – 67.
2.专著类
【格式】[序号]作者.书名[M].出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
【举例】[4] 葛家 澍 ，林志军.现代西方财务会计理论[M].厦门：厦门大学出版社，2001：42.
[5] Gill, R. Mastering English Literature [M]. London: Macmillan, 1985: 42-45.
3.报纸类
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[N].报纸名，出版日期(版次).
【举例】
[6] 李大伦.经济全球化的重要性[N]. 光明日报，1998-12-27(3).
[7] French, W. Between Silences: A Voice from China[N]. Atlantic Weekly, 1987-8-15(33).
4.论文集
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[C].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[8] 伍 蠡 甫.西方文论选[C]. 上海：上海译文出版社，1979：12-17.
[9] Spivak,G. “Can the Subaltern Speak?”[A]. In & L. Grossberg(eds.). Victory in Limbo: Imigism [C]. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1988, .
[10] Almarza, . Student foreign language teacher’s knowledge growth [A]. In and (eds.). Teacher Learning in Language Teaching [C]. New York: Cambridge University Press. 1996. .
5.学位论文
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[D].出版地：保存者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[11] 张筑生.微分半动力系统的不变集[D].北京：北京大学数学系数学研究所, 1983：1-7.
6.研究报告
【格式】[序号]作者.篇名[R].出版地：出版者，出版年份：起始页码.
【举例】
[12] 冯西桥.核反应堆压力管道与压力容器的LBB分析[R].北京：清华大学核能技术设计研究院, 1997：9-10.
7.条例
【格式】[序号]颁布单位.条例名称.发布日期
【举例】[15] 中华人民共和国科学技术委员会.科学技术期刊管理办法[Z].1991—06—05
8.译著
【格式】[序号]原著作者. 书名[M].译者，译.出版地：出版社，出版年份：起止页码.
三、注释
注释是对论文正文中某一特定内容的进一步解释或补充说明。注释前面用圈码①、②、③等标识。
四、参考文献
参考文献与文中注(王小龙，2005)对应。标号在标点符号内。多个都需要标注出来，而不是1-6等等 ，并列写出来
财务管理毕业论文参考文献精选
财务管理毕业论文参考文献有哪些呢?财务管理影响着企业的发展，财务是企业可以运转的有力保障。下面是我分享的财务管理毕业论文参考文献，欢迎阅读!
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[14]周茂清.场外交易市场运行机制探析[J]. 财贸经济,2005,(11):34-36
[15]戴坚.我国三板市场法律研究[D].北京:对外经济贸易大学.2006
[16] 蔡双立 , 张元萍 . 基于资本市场多层次框架下 OTC 市场构建研究 [J]. 中央财经大学学报,2008,(4):57-60
[17]韩莉侠,戴学来.OTC 市场的比较研究——兼论全国性 OTC 市场的设计模型[D].天津:天津师范大学,2009
[18]邹德文,张家峰,陈要军.中国资本市场的.多层次选择与创新[M].北京:人民出版社,2006
[19]厥紫康.多层次资本市场发展的理论和经验[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,2007
[20]周茂清,尹中立.新三板市场的形成和功能及其发展趋势[J].当代经济管理,2011, (2):75-77
[21]林毅夫,李永军.中小金融机构发展与中小企业融资[J].经济研究,2001,(1):l0-18
[22]林毅夫,李永军.中小企业融资根本出路在何方[J].证券时报,2004,(4):23-25
[23]周兆生.中小企业融资的制度分析[J].财经问题研究,2003,(5):27-32
[1]埃里克·赫尔弗特.财务分析技术一价值创造指南(第11版).人民邮电出版社..
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[3]张先治.财务分析(第三版)东北财经大学出版社.2008: 30-50.
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[7]何韧.财务报表分析.上海财经大学出版社有限公司.2010: 23-45.
[8]苏布拉马尼亚姆.财务报表分析.(第十版)(英文版)中国人民出版社.2010: 34-56.
[9]彭曼.财务报表分析与证券价值评估(第三版).北京大学出版社.2007: 25-55.
[10]朱传华.财务分析精要.立信会计出版社.2007: 14-35.
[11]史蒂斯，史蒂斯，戴蒙德.财务会计:报告与分析(第六版)经济科学出版社.2007:20-45.
[12]刘玉梅.财务分析(第三版).大连出版社.2010: 24-40.
[13]张涛.财务分析.经济科学出版社.2010: 13-36.
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[15]苗润生，陈洁.财务分析.清华大学出版社有限公司.2010: 23-50.
[16] Hall, Matthew. Accounting information and managerial work. 2010
[18]赵莎.中国IP0市场上市公司会计师事务所选择行为研究[D].西南财经大学，2008.
[19]赵宇龙.会计盈余披露的信息含量一一来自上海股市的经验证据[J].经济研究，1998，(07):41-49.
[20]周敏慧.我国创业板IP0抑价问题[D].长沙理工大学，2012.
[21]陈工孟，高宁.中国股票一级市场发行抑价的程度与原因[J].金融研究，2000b,(8):1-12.
[22]陈共荣，李琳.IPO前盈余管理与抑价现象的实证研究[J].系统工程，2006,24(9):74-80.
[23]杜莘，梁洪的，宋逢明.中国A股市场首日收益率研究[J]，管理科学报，2001,[4]:55-61.
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[25]黄新建.影响上市公司首次公开发行股票抑价的实证分析[J].财经理论与实践，2002，(4)：34—36.
[26]蒋顺才，胡国柳,胡琉.主承销商声誉与IPO抑价率一一基于中国A股市场的证据[J].海南大学学报人文社会科学版，2006，(6):259-264.
[27]靳云汇，杨云.新股抑价现象的实证分析[J].统计研究，2003，(3):29-53.
[ 1 ] 崔玉敏. 小公司病. 黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2002. 01;[ 2 ] 刘志远. 候青川. 财务管理. 中国经济出版社, 2000. 01;[ 3 ] 袁建国. 财务管理. 东北财经大学出版社, 2001. 07;[ 4 ] 李海波. 财务管理. 高等教育出版社, 2000. 08;[ 5 ] 梁继先. 中小企业如何加强财务管理[ J ]濮阳职业技术学院报, 2005, ( 03);[ 6 ] 李冬梅. 中小财务管理存在的问题及对策[ J ]河北职业技术学院报, 2005, ( 04);[ 7 ] 张树森. 浅谈我国中小企业财务管理存在的问题于对策[ J ]山西青年管理干部学院报, 2008, ( 01);[ 8 ] 何学红. 中小企业财务管理的问题及对策[ J ]中国西部科技,2008, ( 10);[ 9 ] 王沛宁. 中小企业财务管理的问题及对策[ J ]甘肃亚盛集团,2008, ( 03);[ 10 ] 曹伟. 我国利润分配会计的几个问题研究[ J ]中国人民大学商学院, 2004, ( 02)
财务管理论文英文参考文献
范文一
[1]Allport, G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt,Rinehart & Winston, 1937.
[2]DeVellis, R. Scale development: Theory and application. London: Sage. 1991.
[3]Anderson,J. R. Methodologies for studying human knowledge. Behavioural and Brain Sciences,1987,10(3)，467-505
[4]Aragon-Comea, J. A. Strategic proactivity and firm approach to the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal,1998,41(5)，556-567.
[5]Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 2001,52,1-26.
[6]Barr, P. S,Stimpert,J. L,& Huff,A. S. Cognitive change,strategic action and organizational renewal. Strategic Management Journal, 1992,13(S1)，15-36.
[7]Bourgeois, L. J. On the measurement of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review, 1981,6(1)，29-39.
[8]Belkin, N. J. Anomalous state of knowledge for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 1980,5(5)，133-143.
[9]Bentler,P. M,& Chou C. P. Practical issues in structural equation Methods and Research,1987,16(1)，78-117
[10]Atkin, C. K. Instrumental utilities and information seeking. New models for mass communication research, Oxford,England: Sage,1973.
范文二
[1]Antelo,M. Licensing a non-drastic innovation under double informational asymmetry. Rese arch Policy,2003,32(3)， 367-390.
[2]Arora, A. Patents,licensing, and market structure in the chemical Policy, 1997,26(4-5)， 391-403.
[3]Aoki,R.,& Tauman,Y. Patent licensing with spillovers. Economics Letters,2001,73(1)，125-130.
[4]Agarwal, S,& Hauswald, R. Distance and private information in of Financial Studies,2010,23(7)，2757-2788.
[5]Brouthers, Hennart, . Boundaries of the firm: insights from international entry mode research. Journal of Management, 2007,33,395-425.
[6]Anderson, J. E. A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, 1997,69(1)，106-116.
[7]Barkema,H. G.,Bell,J. H. J.,& Pennings, J. M. Foreign entry,cultural barriers,and learning. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(2)，151-166.
[8]Bass, B.,& Granke, R. Societal influences on student perceptions of how to succeed in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1972,56(4)，312-318.
[9]Bresman, H.,Birkinshaw, J.,& Nobel, R. Knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(3)，439-462.
[10]Chesbrough, H. W.,& Appleyard,M, M. Open innovation and Management Review, 2007,50(1)，57-76.
当前，农村财务管理存在许多问题，主要表现在：家底不清，产权不明，无资产台账，集体资产出租和发包不规范；专项资金管理不善，使用不当，财务管理不规范；会计人员业务水平低；缺乏民主管理和监督。针对这些问题，笔者提出以下加强村级财务管理的对策。 一、加强法制宣传，提高认识，做到依法治村 采取各种切实可行的办法，加强法律、法规和有关政策、制度的宣传教育，使干部群众思想认识大大提高。首先，要充分认识加强农村财务管理的重要性，把村级财务管理列入基层组织建设和制度建设的重要内容，摆上重要议事日程，明确专人分工负责，解决实际问题。其次，对村干部和财务人员开展财经管理、法律知识的培训，提高村干部的综合素质，切实做到按章办事，为群众谋利益。第三，要对广大村民开展民主教育，把政策、法律、法规、有关制度交给群众，使他们真正懂得村民的权利，增强村民的参政意识，使其敢于监督、善于监督，以堵塞财务工作中的漏洞。 二、规范集体资产管理，力求集体资产的保值增值 1.明晰产权、摸清家底，搞好农村集体资产所有权的界定和产权登记，建立集体资产台账。做好这项工作，首先要建立集体经济组织的清产核资小组，对本村或本社的资产进行彻底清查，对现有的资产进行产权界定与评估，对账上有而实际已经不存在的资产要按规定程序进行核销，明确集体经济组织的资产存量、结构、分布和运用效益，了解整个资产状况，明晰资产所有权，并进行产权登记。其次，根据清产核资的结果准确无误地建立资产台账，做好集体资产的登记工作，做到账实相符，并及时反映资产的使用及其变动情况，防止资产的流失，保护集体资产的安全和完整。 2.搞好资本营运，盘活资产，保值增值。根据不同类型的资产特点，搞好资产经营。经营性资产重点抓增效，非经营性资产重点抓增值，资源性资产重点抓开发，福利性资产重点抓保护。〔1〕可以采用多种多样的方式充分利用集体资产，如发包出租、使用权拍卖、统一经营等，达到集体资产保值增值的目的。 3.加强专项资金的管理。目前，村级专项资金主要包括征地补偿费、“一事一议”资金等。首先，加强对征地补偿费的管理。征地补偿费的规范管理，是落实最严格的土地管理制度，有效防止圈占土地，乱占滥用耕地，保障失地失业农民合法权益的重要举措。农村集体经济组织应按《村集体经济组织会计制度》的要求对征地补偿费进行会计核算，按照专户存储、专账管理、专款专用的原则来规范管理。土地补偿费的分配、使用预算方案要经集体经济组织成员大会或者成员代表大会批准，事后要将土地补偿费的实际开支、管理情况向集体经济组织成员大会或者成员代表大会报告。对征地补偿费收支原始凭证应单独装订成册，并定期向群众公布管理、使用情况。其次，加强“一事一议”资金的管理。随着农村税费改革的深入，村（社）集体兴办生产、公益事业要求社员出资、出力的，按“一事一议”的办法来筹集，在向群众收取时，要开具统一的“一事一议”筹资收据。“一事一议”收取的资金实行专户储存、专款专用，不得挪作它用，由村民理财小组进行监督，使用、开支情况要及时向群众公布。 4.正确处理“村改居”过程中集体资产的处置问题。在“村改居”过程中，应搞好集体资产的清产核资工作，〔2〕通过村民或者村民代表大会作出资产处置方案，杜绝平调、侵吞、私分集体资产行为，确保集体资产的安全与完整，维护农村集体资产所有权人的合法权益。 三、建立健全财务管理制度，确保村级财务管理有章可循 建立财务制度是搞好财务管理的重要保证。为使村级财务管理工作有章可循，必须严格执行农业部、财政部新颁布的《村合作经济组织会计制度》和《村合作经济组织财务制度》，并从各村的实际出发，建立健全切实可行的村级财务管理制度，如“报账制度”、“列支审批制度”、“票据管理制度”等，做到账簿齐全、记账及时、独立核算、民主理财、规范管理。At present, there are many rural areas of financial management issues, the main problems: the resources ambiguous, unclear property rights and no assets Taizhang, the collective assets and the rental contract was not standardized; special funds, mismanagement, improper use, financial management regulations; business accounting standards Low lack of democratic management and supervision. In light of these problems, I propose the following to strengthen village-level financial management solutions. First, strengthening the rule of law advocacy, awareness-raising, according to village Take practical measures to strengthen laws, regulations and related policies, the public education system so that the cadres and the masses of thinking and understanding greatly enhanced. First, we must fully understand the strengthening of rural financial management of the importance of the village-level financial management include the building of grassroots organizations and an important part of building the system, the top of the agenda, a clear division of responsibilities hand, solve practical problems. Secondly, the village cadres and financial staff in financial and economic management, legal knowledge of the training and improve the overall quality of village cadres, effectively rule-based, for the people's interests. Third, the majority of the villagers have to carry out democratic education, policy, laws and regulations, the system to the masses so that they truly understand the rights of the villagers, the villagers enhance the awareness of political participation, to dare to supervise and be good at supervision, in order to plug the financial work In the loophole. Second, the norms of collective asset management, and strive to preserve and increase the value of collective assets 1. Clarity of property rights, find out the resources, do a good job in rural collective ownership of assets and the definition of property rights registration, the establishment of collective assets Taizhang. To do this work, we must first establish collective economic organizations of the inventory team, told the village or the assets of a thorough inventory of existing assets define property rights and assessment, reconciliation and on the actual assets that no longer exists In accordance with established procedures to write off, a clear collective economic organizations of the stock of assets, structure, distribution and use efficiency, understand the overall asset position, clear ownership of assets, and property rights registration. Secondly, the results were accurate inventory of assets and the establishment of Taizhang, to the collective assets of the registration work, do it in line with inflation, and reflect the use of assets and changes in the situation and prevent the loss of assets, to protect the safety of the collective assets And complete. 2. Doing a good job operating capital, Panhuo assets, preserve and increase the value. According to characteristics of different types of assets, improve asset management. Grasping key operating assets to improve efficiency, and non-operating assets focused on grasping the value of the assets of resources focused on grasping the development and welfare of grasping the protection of key assets. [1] can use a variety of ways make full use of collective assets, such as rental contract, the right to use the auction, unified management, to preserve and increase the value of the assets of collective purpose. 3. Strengthen the management of special funds. At present, village-level special funds, including compensation for land requisition, "a discussion of" funds. First, to strengthen the management of compensation for land requisition. Compensation for land requisition standardized management is to implement the most strict land management system to effectively prevent Quanzhan land, the indiscriminate use of farmland, protect the legitimate rights and interests of landless peasants unemployment an important measure. Rural collective economic organizations should be "the village collective economic organizations accounting system," the requirements of the land compensation fees for accounting, in accordance with the special account to store, the account management, earmarking the principle to standardize management. Compensation for land distribution, use the budget to the collective economic organizations or members of Assembly members representing the General Assembly for approval, after the land compensation fees to the actual expenditure, management of the collective economic organizations or members of Assembly members of Congress report. On land compensation payments for the original certificate should be separate and bound, and regularly to the masses and announced the management and use. Second, the strengthening "of a proposed" the management of funds. With the deepening of rural tax and fee reform, the village (community) to set up collective production, public welfare undertakings require members funded the effort, according to "of a proposed" approach to raising, to the people in charge, to issuance of a unified "one of the On "Financing for a receipt. "One of the proposed" collection of funds implement special accounts storage, earmarking, it may not be used diversion from the village to supervise financial management team, use, expenditure should be promptly released to the masses. 4. Correct handling of the "village to the Habitat" in the course of the disposal of collective assets. "Habitat Village to" process, should do a good job in the collective assets of the inventory work, [2] adopted by the General Assembly on behalf of the villagers or the villagers to asset disposal programme to eliminate-tune, misappropriating, privately dividing up the collective assets, to ensure that the collective assets of Security and integrity, and the rural collective ownership of assets of the legitimate rights and interests. Third, establish a sound financial management system to ensure that the village-level financial management rules Do a good job of a financial system is an important guarantee for financial management. For the village-level financial management rules to follow, we must strictly implement the Ministry of Agriculture, the Ministry of Finance issued a new "village cooperative economic organizations accounting system" and "Village cooperative economic organizations financial system," and from the village reality, the establishment of Sound practical village-level financial management system, such as "accounting system", "列支examination and approval system", "notes management system", to complete books, book timely, independent accounting, democratic management, standardized management.
财务分析在财务管理中的作用参考文献
财务管理关系着企业的生存以及发展，企业领导者高度的重视企业的'财务管理。下面是我分享的财务分析在财务管理中的作用的参考文献，欢迎阅读!
[1]. 张先治。 现代财务分析程序与方法体系重构[J]. 求是学刊， 2002,(04)。
[2]. 朱晶。 试论企业并购中财务分析及作用[J]. 黑龙江科技信息， 2007,(13)。
[3]. 倪霞丽。 财务分析应注意啥[J]. 中国统计， 2005,(04)。
[4]. 董玉。 企业财务分析存在问题及其改进[J]. 商业会计，2005,(24)
[5]迟红梅:发挥财务分析在企业财务管理中的核心作用的研究[J]. 时代金融(下旬),2011(8).
[6]周?琦:财务分析在财务管理中的作用[J].农民致富之友,2010(22).
[7]陈 敏:论财务分析在财务管理中的作用[J].中国电子商务,2011(1).
[8]黄宝来:如何看财务分析在企业财务管理中的作用[J].中国市场,2010(10).
[1]Antelo,M. Licensing a non-drastic innovation under double informational asymmetry. Rese arch Policy,2003,32(3)， 367-390.
[2]Arora, A. Patents,licensing, and market structure in the chemical Policy, 1997,26(4-5)， 391-403.
[3]Aoki,R.,& Tauman,Y. Patent licensing with spillovers. Economics Letters,2001,73(1)，125-130.
[4]Agarwal, S,& Hauswald, R. Distance and private information in of Financial Studies,2010,23(7)，2757-2788.
[5]Brouthers, Hennart, . Boundaries of the firm: insights from international entry mode research. Journal of Management, 2007,33,395-425.
[6]Anderson, J. E. A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, 1997,69(1)，106-116.
[7]Barkema,H. G.,Bell,J. H. J.,& Pennings, J. M. Foreign entry,cultural barriers,and learning. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(2)，151-166.
[8]Bass, B.,& Granke, R. Societal influences on student perceptions of how to succeed in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1972,56(4)，312-318.
[9]Bresman, H.,Birkinshaw, J.,& Nobel, R. Knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(3)，439-462.
[10]Chesbrough, H. W.,& Appleyard,M, M. Open innovation and Management Review, 2007,50(1)，57-76.
财务管理论文参考文献二：
[1]Allport, G. W. Personality: A psychological interpretation. New York: Holt,Rinehart & Winston, 1937.
[2]DeVellis, R. Scale development: Theory and application. London: Sage. 1991.
[3]Anderson,J. R. Methodologies for studying human knowledge. Behavioural and Brain Sciences,1987,10(3)，467-505
[4]Aragon-Comea, J. A. Strategic proactivity and firm approach to the natural environment. Academy of Management Journal,1998,41(5)，556-567.
[5]Bandura, A. Social cognitive theory: An agentic perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 2001,52,1-26.
[6]Barr, P. S,Stimpert,J. L,& Huff,A. S. Cognitive change,strategic action and organizational renewal. Strategic Management Journal, 1992,13(S1)，15-36.
[7]Bourgeois, L. J. On the measurement of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review, 1981,6(1)，29-39.
[8]Belkin, N. J. Anomalous state of knowledge for information retrieval. Canadian Journal of Information Science, 1980,5(5)，133-143.
[9]Bentler,P. M,& Chou C. P. Practical issues in structural equation Methods and Research,1987,16(1)，78-117
[10]Atkin, C. K. Instrumental utilities and information seeking. New models for mass communication research, Oxford,England: Sage,1973.
财务管理论文参考文献三：
[1]Adams, M. and Hardwick, P. An Analysis of Corporate Donations: UnitedKingdom Evidence [J], Journal of Management Studies, 1998,35 (5)： 641-654.
[2]Aronoff,C.,and J Ward. Family-owned Businesses: A Thing of the Past or Model of the Future. [J]. Family Business Review, 1995,8(2); 121-130.
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[6]Allen, F,J, Qian and M, J. Qian. Law,Finance and Economic Growth in China [J], Journal of Financial Economics, 2005,77: .
[7]Amato,L. H.,& Amato,C. H. The effects of firm size and industry on corporate giving [J]. Journal of Business Ethics,2007,72(3)： 229-241.
[8]Chrisman, ., Chua,., and Steier, L. P. An introduction to theories of family business [J]. Journal of Business Venturing, 2003b, 18(4)： 441-448
[ 1 ] 崔玉敏. 小公司病. 黑龙江科学技术出版社, 2002. 01;[ 2 ] 刘志远. 候青川. 财务管理. 中国经济出版社, 2000. 01;[ 3 ] 袁建国. 财务管理. 东北财经大学出版社, 2001. 07;[ 4 ] 李海波. 财务管理. 高等教育出版社, 2000. 08;[ 5 ] 梁继先. 中小企业如何加强财务管理[ J ]濮阳职业技术学院报, 2005, ( 03);[ 6 ] 李冬梅. 中小财务管理存在的问题及对策[ J ]河北职业技术学院报, 2005, ( 04);[ 7 ] 张树森. 浅谈我国中小企业财务管理存在的问题于对策[ J ]山西青年管理干部学院报, 2008, ( 01);[ 8 ] 何学红. 中小企业财务管理的问题及对策[ J ]中国西部科技,2008, ( 10);[ 9 ] 王沛宁. 中小企业财务管理的问题及对策[ J ]甘肃亚盛集团,2008, ( 03);[ 10 ] 曹伟. 我国利润分配会计的几个问题研究[ J ]中国人民大学商学院, 2004, ( 02)
财务分析在财务管理中的作用参考文献
财务管理关系着企业的生存以及发展，企业领导者高度的重视企业的'财务管理。下面是我分享的财务分析在财务管理中的作用的参考文献，欢迎阅读!
[1]. 张先治。 现代财务分析程序与方法体系重构[J]. 求是学刊， 2002,(04)。
[2]. 朱晶。 试论企业并购中财务分析及作用[J]. 黑龙江科技信息， 2007,(13)。
[3]. 倪霞丽。 财务分析应注意啥[J]. 中国统计， 2005,(04)。
[4]. 董玉。 企业财务分析存在问题及其改进[J]. 商业会计，2005,(24)
[5]迟红梅:发挥财务分析在企业财务管理中的核心作用的研究[J]. 时代金融(下旬),2011(8).
[6]周?琦:财务分析在财务管理中的作用[J].农民致富之友,2010(22).
[7]陈 敏:论财务分析在财务管理中的作用[J].中国电子商务,2011(1).
[8]黄宝来:如何看财务分析在企业财务管理中的作用[J].中国市场,2010(10).
[1]Antelo,M. Licensing a non-drastic innovation under double informational asymmetry. Rese arch Policy,2003,32(3)， 367-390.
[2]Arora, A. Patents,licensing, and market structure in the chemical Policy, 1997,26(4-5)， 391-403.
[3]Aoki,R.,& Tauman,Y. Patent licensing with spillovers. Economics Letters,2001,73(1)，125-130.
[4]Agarwal, S,& Hauswald, R. Distance and private information in of Financial Studies,2010,23(7)，2757-2788.
[5]Brouthers, Hennart, . Boundaries of the firm: insights from international entry mode research. Journal of Management, 2007,33,395-425.
[6]Anderson, J. E. A theoretical foundation for the gravity equation. American Economic Review, 1997,69(1)，106-116.
[7]Barkema,H. G.,Bell,J. H. J.,& Pennings, J. M. Foreign entry,cultural barriers,and learning. Strategic Management Journal, 1996, 17(2)，151-166.
[8]Bass, B.,& Granke, R. Societal influences on student perceptions of how to succeed in organizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1972,56(4)，312-318.
[9]Bresman, H.,Birkinshaw, J.,& Nobel, R. Knowledge transfer in international acquisitions. Journal of International Business Studies,1999,30(3)，439-462.
[10]Chesbrough, H. W.,& Appleyard,M, M. Open innovation and Management Review, 2007,50(1)，57-76.
财务管理论文参考文献二：
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财务管理毕业论文参考文献精选
财务管理毕业论文参考文献有哪些呢?财务管理影响着企业的发展，财务是企业可以运转的有力保障。下面是我分享的财务管理毕业论文参考文献，欢迎阅读!
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