这是在英语专业的那位的答案上改了一些不通顺的地方。When you receive a letter from a stranger, you may be surprised, but in fact you have already walked into my life and became my December 10, 2004, a memorable day," 13 points in 35 seconds" - a legend that can never be copied in NBA history, engraved with your name. And on the other side of the world, in a small town, a boy is flying across a loess 2007-08 seasonyear, you lead the rockets hit a brilliant 22-game-win streak record, Your every victory inspires our enthusiasm for basketball. Watching the games and playing basketball became my whole life besides school. Every afternoon after school, me and my group of basketball-loving friends get together and carelessly shout, clap and argue with each other. If the rockets win,I feel happy all day long; if the rockets lost, I am gloomy for a few days. The rockets' games dominate my chose to announce your retirement in 2013, I am sad to see you leave, but I will always wish you new generation of NBA's stars have sprung up, I always compare them with you : James is too just fierce, Bryant aggressive... I know it is not because how bad they are, but because in my heart you are my unchangable
When you receive a letter from a stranger, may be surprised, but in fact you have already walked into my life,my old friend. In December 10, 2004, a permanent hard to forget theday, "35 seconds 13 points" -- a NBA history can never duplicate legend, engraved with your name. On the otherside of the world, a small town, running a boy is dusty loess ground. The 2007 - 08 season, you lead the Rockets to a 22game winning streak record, every victory you inspire our basketball enthusiasm, daily to watch the game, playing basketball has become my school more than all. Every afternoon after school, I and the love of basketball friendstogether, act recklessly and care for nobody to cry,flapping, argue. The Rockets win, all day long I have fun;the Rockets lost, my days. The Rockets have governed my mood. In 2013, you chose to announce his retirement, althoughsome will inevitably feel lost, but I still love you. NBA star has been updated, I always take them with you:James too was just fierce, Kobe overbearing...... I know,not because of how bad they have, but because you are in my heart the same first.
综述：Nowadays,almost everyone is more concern about money than their are working-hard and have no enough time to sleep let alone to do some exercise.
In my eyes,we should build up an right attitude of keeping weekend,we can have some gentle example:Along with jogging and swimming,cycling is one of the best all-round of can help to increase your strength and energy.
翻译：现在，几乎每个人都更关心金钱而不是健康。他们工作很努力，没有足够的时间睡觉，更不用说锻炼了。在我看来，我们应该树立正确的健身态度。每个周末，我们都可以进行一些温和的运动。例如：除了慢跑和游泳，骑自行车是最好的全方位运动之一。它可以帮助你增强力量和精力。
英语翻译技巧：
第一、省略翻译法
这与最开始提到的增译法相反，就是要求你把不符合汉语，或者英语的表达的方式、思维的习惯或者语言的习惯的部分删去，以免使所翻译出的句子沉杂累赘。
第二、合并法
合并翻译法就是把多个短句子或者简单句合并到一起，形成一个复合句或者说复杂句，多出现在汉译英的题目里出现，比如最后会翻译成定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等等。
When you receive a letter from a stranger , I might be surprised , but in fact you had walked into my life and became my friend . December 10, 2004 , one day they will never forget , " 13 minutes 35 seconds " - a history of the NBA will never be able to copy the legend, engraved with your name. At the other end of the world, a small town , one boy is running on the loess flying course. 2007-08 season, you led the Rockets hit a brilliant record 22 -game winning streak , your victory will inspire each of our passion for basketball , watching the game daily , play basketball became my school is more than the whole . Every afternoon after school, me and a small group of partners who love basketball together , brazenly shouting , slapping , argue with . Rockets win, I was always fun ; Rockets lost, depressed me for several days . Rockets dominate my mood. 2013 , you have chosen to announce his retirement, although she inevitably some loss, but I will always bless you. NBA players have already upgrading, I always take them with you over : James is too stiff, and Bryant aggressive ...... I understand , not because of how bad they have , but because you are my heart the same section one .
China as the large agricultural nation, still some 900,000,000 rural population, accounts for the population total until now 70%, the farmer is our country biggest expense community, the countryside power of consumption promotion direct relation national economy overall situation. The countryside this huge consumer market has the huge development opportunities, regardless of being the government or the enterprise deals with the countryside consumer market to give the full attention, but is exactly opens the countryside consumer market to the farmer consumer behavior's research the breakthrough point. this article stands is affecting the farmer consumer behavior the angle, to affected the farmer consumer behavior the factor to carry on the discussion. Affects the farmer consumer behavior the factor mainly to include farmer's household income, the farmer to expend the environment, the national policy, the farmer to expend the idea, the farmer consumption pattern, the social security system and the farmer cultural level and so on. the research indicated that to improve the farmer consumer behavior, needs from to increase the farmers' income, strengthens the farmer to purchase, to improve the countryside expense environment, to optimize the farmer consumption pattern, to strengthen the public opinion white raid, the adjustment industrial structure, multiple perspectives and so on display government policy guidance to carry on diligently.
一.关于本专业毕业论文的选题 英语专业本科生毕业论文选题可以在三个大的方向中进行，即英语文学，语言学和翻译学。各个大方向中又可以选择小的方向，具体解释如下： 1.英语文学：选择英语文学的毕业论文选题可以从三个方向进行：国别文学研究、文学批评理论研究和比较文学研究。 在进行国别文学研究选题时，一般选取英国文学或美国文学中的某一经典作家（如海明威），某一经典作品（如《双城记》），某一写作手法（如象征手法的运用）或某一文学思潮（如浪漫主义运动）作深入研究。但在选择作家或作品时最好选择在文学史上作为经典的作家或作品。有个别流行作家或作品极富盛名，容易引起学生的兴趣，如《飘》或《荆棘鸟》，学生有强烈愿望选择它们作为研究对象。在不可避免上述情况时，应该尽可能地挖掘作品内在的深刻含义，不能流于肤浅的分析。 文学批评理论的选题一般不太适合英语专业本科生，因为该理论知识的学习在英语专业研究生阶段，本科生一般不具备文学批评理论的知识结构。这个方向的选题可以有关某一文学批评理论,一文学批评术语的阐释或某两种或以上的文学批评理论的比较。 比较文学研究就是将两个以上的作家或作品进行比较。这两个作品或作家可以是同一国别的（如“雪莱与拜伦的诗歌比较”），也可以是不同国别的（如《牡丹亭》与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》） 2.语言学：选择语言学的毕业论文选题可以在两个大的方向进行：普通语言学和应用语言学。 普通语言学的研究就是对于英语语言的任何一个方面的研究，如对一种词性、或一种时态、或拼写、语调等等方面的研究（如“一般现在时及其交际功能”）。 应用语言学包括教学法的研究和其它一些新兴的应用语言学分支的研究。师范专业或本身从事教师职业的学生选择教学法方向的较多。在这个方向选题，也要避免过大范围的选题，而应对一个具体问题进行研究，最重要的是要结合教学实践或实验。这个方向的好的选题有：“个性与英语教学”，“方言对英语学习的影响”等。 3.翻译学：翻译学的选题一般可以在两个方向上进行：翻译理论以及翻译活动。对翻译理论的研究就是探讨某一种翻译理论等等。相比之下，对翻译活动的研究更多一些，这些选题可以是对一种语言现象的翻译、或一种修辞格的翻译的研究（如“汉语成语的英译”）。应该注意的是，在对翻译活动作研究时，往往需要某种翻译理论支撑，总结规律，并对这一活动作出评价，要避免仅仅时例子的罗列。 二.英语专业毕业论文格式要求 学位论文包括前置、主体、附录等三个部分。 （一）前置 1．英文封面：由论文英文题目、解释、作者、指导老师姓名和职称、时间组成。 2．目录：由论文的中、英文摘要、篇、章、条、款以及参考书目、附录等序号、题名和页码组成，排在英文封面之后另页。 3．中、英文内容摘要：摘要是论文的内容不加注释和评论的简短陈述，宜以最简洁的语言介绍论文的概要、作者的突出论点、新见解或创造性成果以及实验方法、数据或结论，是一篇完整的短文，可以独立使用，中文摘要一般在200字左右 4关键词：关键词是用以表示全文主题内容信息的单词或术语。为便于文献检索，学位论文应注明三至五个具有代表意义中、外文“关键词”，这些关键词就是论文的中心词，以显著的字符另起一行，分别排在中、外文摘要的左下方。各关键词之间用“分号”隔开。外文关键词应与中文关键词相对应。 （二）主体部分 主题部分包括引言（Introduction）、正文(Body)、结论(Conclusion)、参考文献(Bibliography)。主体部分必须由另页右页开始。 1．引言：主要说明研究工作的目的、涉及范围、相关领域的前人研究成果和知识空白、研究设想、研究方法等方面的概述、理论意义和实用价值等。 2．正文：论文的正文是核心部分，占主要篇幅。一般论文选题需要从几个方面来论述或论证。要求论据充分，论点明确。行文必须实事求是，客观真切，准确完备，合乎逻辑，层次分明，简练可读。正文部分要有分级标题，章、条、款、项的序号编码方法，采用阿拉伯数分级系列编号法，论文中的章、条、款、项依次排列，依次从1开始，连续编号，中间用“．”相隔，最末级编号之后不加点。示例： 1． 2．…… …… .… 3．结论：学位论文的结论是最终的、总体的结论，它是对正文部分的论述的概述，也可以在结论或讨论中提出建议、研究设想、尚待解决的问题等。 4．参考文献：写作学位论文过程中，阅读或运用过某些文献所列出的书目清单，置于正文之后，另页开始。参考文献的著录按原文献语种为原则。 （1）文献目录应另页书写，外文文献排前，中文文献排后。外文文献书名须用斜体。 （2）文献目录一律按作者姓氏汉语拼音或外文字母顺序排列。 （3）每条文献必须顶格写，回行时空两字或五个英语字母。 （4）将各文献的类型代号（即文献英文名的首字母）注明在文献之后： 专著[M] 学位论文[D] 论文集〔C〕 报纸文章〔N〕 期刊文章〔J〕 报告[R] 专利 [P] 专著、论文集的析出文献[A] 其他未说明文件 〔Z〕 电子文献中光盘图书 [M／CD]（MONOGRAPH ON CD） 网上期刊〔J/OL〕（serial online） 5．文内所引文献：要求附夹注，应在引文后加括号注明作者姓名（英文只注姓），出版年和引文页码。若为转引文献，则加quoted in 字样。 例：（王佐良，1982：38） （Newmark，8：26-33） 6.文献中列出的文献应该与正文中标注的文献一一对应。正文中没有出现的，不应出现在参考文献中。 （三）附录部分 附录包括所有与论文有关的补充材料，如图表或照片等。
就目前人工智能的发展水平来看，机器降重还远远做不到“准确读取语句的意思，并将之用不同的词汇表述出来”我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错，你可以考虑一下。你可以加速去知道了解下
随着我国社会的不断进步以及政治、经济、科学技术等方面的发展，对具有独立个性的复合型人才的需求也随之增长。英语教学在中国大学 教育 领域已经占据着主导地位20多年。下文是我为大家搜集整理的关于英语专业 毕业 论文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅议 商务英语 的译翻译技巧
[摘 要] 随着国际贸易和国际营销等跨国商务运作的日益频繁,商务英语翻译作为一种交流手段和媒介起着至关重要的作用。同时商务英语是一门具有专门用途的英语,形成了自身的文体特征,它要求选词恰当、精确,具有用语礼貌、表意清晰。因此商务英语翻译必须具有一定的翻译技巧,才能在商务交流中体现它的实用效果。
商务英语是为国际商务活动这一特定的专业学科服务的专门用途英语,所涉及的专业范围很广,并具有独特的语言现象和表现内容、文体复杂。商务英语翻译要求翻译者具备丰富的商务理论和商务实践知识,为了提高翻译质量,翻译者必须具备一定的自身条件。
第一,翻译者的汉语功底要好。很多人往往忽视这一点,认为汉语是自己的母语,凭着自己原来的底子应付翻译中的问题,是绰绰有余的。然而在真正的翻译过程中,为了一个词语或者一个句型,冥思苦想了半天也得不到一个满意的结果。有时好不容易想出来了也觉得不够理想。由此可见,汉语表达能力和对汉语理解能力的大小直接影响翻译的好坏。下功夫学好汉语,打好汉语基础对于翻译是十分重要的。
第二,英语语言能力要强。全面的语法知识和大量的词汇量缺一不可。如果只有大量的词汇量,而没有较好的英语语法知识。翻译过程中译者的理解肯定是错误百出,而且牛头不对马嘴。因此我们要提高在英汉翻译中对于英文 句子 理解的准确性及汉英翻译中英文表达的准确性。
第三,知识面要广。商务英语翻译中要很好的做到这一点,就要掌握商务理论和贸易实务等理论知识及贸易实践 经验 。同时译者还要具有丰富的 百科 知识,对天文地理、古今中外不说通晓,也要了解其中的一些基本知识。没有一定的常识,译者的语言水平即使再高,也是无法做好翻译工作的。
一、一词多义
同一个词,由于语境不同,其词义可千差万别。试看下面几个例子:
cannot obtain credit at all in the trade. 他们生意信誉已荡然无存。
have opened the covering credit with the bank of china,london.
他们已从伦敦中国银行开立了有关信用证。
以上两个句子credit 词义都有所区别。
二、词类转译
词类转译是国际商务翻译中常见的译词技巧。常见的有名词与动词、介词与动词的互相转译。
1.名词与动词的互相转译, 如:
before the payment of these tariffs, the imported goods will bein the custody of the customs.
交关税前, 进口货物由海关保管。( 由于语法限制, 只有用名词形式,但译成汉语时,“payment”译作“交”)
2 . 介词与动词的互相转译
在许多场合下, 介词转译成动词时, 需要依据上下文进行引申,具体地进行翻译。如:
we should advise you to get in touch with them for your requirements.
建议你方与他们取得联系, 洽购所需商品。
三、词义引伸
在商务英语翻译中,有时会遇到某些词在词典上难以找到贴切具体上下文词义,如生搬硬套,译文往往语意不清,甚至导致误解。在这种情况下,需要根据上下文和逻辑关系,从该词固有基本含义出发,进一步加以引伸。例如:
the arrivals do not conform to the sample.
如果将arrival这个词的词义直接放入译文,显然不能正确表达原文的意义,所以需要进一步的引申。
四、词量增减
在商务英语翻译实践中,词量增减也是很重要的一个翻译技巧。翻译过程中要根据原文上下文意思、逻辑关系以及译文语言句法特点和表达习惯,在翻译时有时增加原文字面没有出现但实际内容已包含词,或者减去原文虽有但译文语言表达用不着词。
1.增词
根据具体上下文,可增加动词、形容词、名词或别词类,但在什么时候增加什么样词,才能恰到好处,而不超出一定界限,则需要在长期的翻译过程中实践和积累。如:all cash bonus shall be subject to income tax.所有现金红利,均须缴纳所得税。(根据汉语行文习惯,增加动词)
2.减词
减词译法可以使译文言简意赅,改变翻译中逐字翻译作造成的累赘、拖沓或不符合行文习惯,甚至产生歧义的现象。 如:on condition that you sign this receipt, i will pay the money.
你在 收据 上签字,我就付款。
五、商务英语中的常用术语翻译
商务英语翻译中包含大量的词汇,因此对于常见词汇的精确运用在翻译中很重要。作为商务英语翻译工作者就要大量的掌握这些具有商务含义的普通词和复合词和缩略词语。
如价格常用术语fob,cif 有其特定的专业内容,又如定货付款;b/l 提货单;l/c 信用证; 货到付现; 水渍险;blue chip 蓝筹股、绩优股;bad debt 呆账,等等。总之,商务英语翻译不能拘泥于形式,在保证原文的信息量最大限度地传递到译文中的前提下,翻译者可以灵活运用译入语,已达到语义信息、风格信息和文体信息的最大程度的对等,同时商务英语翻译要遵循商务专业用语。所以要求商务英语翻译工作者要掌握大量的专业词汇及翻译技巧。
参考文献:
[1]葛 平: 外贸英语 函电[m].上海 财经 大学出版社,2004
[2]余富林等着:商务英语翻译[m].北京:中国商务出版社,2003
[3]李 平:国际经贸英语教程[m].中国国际广播出版社,1999
[4]王学文:新编经贸口译教程[m].中国对外经济贸易出版社,2001
[5]陈苏东 陈建平:商务英语翻译[m].高等教育出版社,2005
[6]王治奎:大学英汉翻译教程[m].山东大学出版社,2004
[7]曾蕙兰:进出口 实用英语 [m].外文出版社,2003
[8]冯庆华:实用翻译教程[m].上海外语教育出版社,2003
浅议商务英语函电的清楚原则
摘要: 撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中清楚原则是最基本的原则之一, 但国内以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究尚不多见。本文针对清楚原则的运用, 分别从词语与句子等方面进行了论述。 文章 认为: 商务英语函电应尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
商务英语函电是国际贸易的重要沟通工具。撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中, 清楚原则是七个原则中最基本的原则之一。在现有的商务英语函电研究成果中, 以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究较少看到。为此, 笔者拟探讨清楚原则在商务英语函电中的运用, 以帮助国际商务人士提高商务英语函电写作水平。
一、商务英语函电的清楚原则
清楚原则包含三方面: ( 1) 一个句子包含一个意思; ( 2) 句子之间应有逻辑关系; ( 3) 以简单、直接的 方法 表达。[1]清楚的表达, 能避免误会, 甚至贸易纠纷。比如说, “fluctuation in theexchange rate after the date of contract signing will be for the buyer’saccount.”[1] “fluctuation in the exchange rate”包括了汇率的上涨和跌落两种情况。如果不表达清楚, 买卖双方就会对汇率的涨落产生纠纷。避免不必要的经济纠纷, 商务英语函电撰写的过程中要始终贯彻清楚的原则。上述例子若想表达“合同生效后汇率的波动由买方承担”, 原句子可改为“any increase ordecrease in the exchange rate after the date of contract signing willbe for the buyer’s account.”
二、清楚原则的运用
( 1) 词语的运用
1)词语的准确无误
当你明确了要表达的想法时, 要注意选用清晰、简单的词语, 准确无误地表达你要传达的信息。避免用一些复杂、深奥的词汇。有些写信人认为复杂、深奥的词汇会让信件看起来更有水平, 更重要些。然而, 复杂的词汇会增加对方读信的难度,甚至引起理解上的误会。通常, 商务英语函电的撰写适合采用简单易懂的词汇。
2) 代词的指代
注意代词指代的对象和关系代词前后的逻辑关系。一般来说, 代词和关系代词用以修饰离它们最近的名词, 并且与所指代的名词保持人称上和数量上的一致。但代词的不恰当运用, 会引起表达上的歧义。试看以下的句子: they informedmessrs. smith and richardson that they would receive an answerin a fewdays.[1]在这个句子中, 第二个“they”指代谁呢? 是整个句子的主语“they”还是“messrs. smith and richardson”呢? 这里就产生了歧义。如何清楚地表达? 比如原意想表达“smith和richardson两位先生将在近期内得到答复”, 原句子可改为:“they informed messrs . smith and richardson that the latterwould receive an answer in a fewdays.”这样的话, “the latter”指代“messrs. smith and richardson”, 指代清楚, 句子意思明确。
3) 修饰词的位置
同一修饰词在句子的不同位置, 句子意思和侧重点将完全不同。试比较以下两个句子: ①we can supply 100 tons of theitemonly. ②we can supply only 100 tons of the item.在第一个句子中, “only”修饰“the item”, 意思是只提供这种项目, 没有 其它 的项目。而在第二个句子中, “only”是修饰“100 tons”, 意思是只提供100吨, 没有更多了。故修饰词在句子中的位置不同,其所修饰的词就不同, 意思也将有所不同, 书写商务英语函电时一定要注意这一点。
此外, 修饰词的位置应该是紧跟着或者靠近它所修饰的词语。试比较以下两个句子: ①they bought a bicycle in a smallshop in beijing which costs $ . ②they bought a bicycle for$ in a small shop in beijing. “$”是修饰“bicycle”, 说明这一辆自行车的价格, 应该靠近它所修饰的词语“bicycle”。第一个句子“which costs $ ”应移到“bicycle”后面。第二个句子不用定语从句, 直接用介词“for” 带出自行车的价格“$”, 修饰词位置正确, 整个句子简洁、清楚易懂。
( 2) 句子的逻辑结构
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要保持一致。[4]试分析以下句子: “being an expertin international trade, i’m sure youhave experience of solving this kind of problem.”在这个句子中,句子的主语是“i”, 而分词的逻辑主语是“you”。为保持分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致, 原句子可改为: “being an expert ininternational trade, you certainly have experience of solving thiskind of problem.” 或者“as you are an expert in internationaltrade, i’m sure you have experience of solving this kind of problem.”。
其次, 注意句子间意思的连贯性。例如: they wrote a was addressed to mr. woods. he is the sales manager.这三个短句缺乏意思上的连贯性, 每个句子都有它独立的意思,读信人很难区分哪个句子是最重要的信息。上述句子可改为: “they wrote a letter to mr. woods, the sales manager.”改写后的句子意思清楚明确: “他们给销售部经理woods先生写了一封信。”
此外, 清楚的表达要求重点突出, 读信人不会遗漏重要的信息。我们书写商务英语函电时可以通过调整句子结构, 突出要强调的部分。比如: “we sent you 5 samples yesterday of thegoods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25 by air.”该句子包括了很多信息, 有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ③yesterday, ④the goods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25, ⑤by air。一个句子包含多种信息, 读信人很容易忽略其中某些信息。对此, 重要的信息应放在句子的前面, 通过句子结构加以强调。上述句子重要的信息有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ⑤by air。原句子可改写为: “we sent you, by air, 5 samples of goods whichyou requested in your letter ofmay 25 yesterday.”经过改写的句子重点突出, 句子意思更清晰明确。
最后, 句子中简洁的情节有利于清楚的表达。如“we haveyour check of october 17 in the amount of $500, and wish at thistime to thank you for it.”原句子是表达“我方收到贵方10月17日开具的500美元支票一张, 特此感谢。”“特此感谢”原句子用“wish at this time to thank you for it”, 用词繁琐, 使得整个句子意思不明确。如果这一个情节简化为“thank you”, 原句子改为“thank you for your check of october 17 for $500.”修改后的句子意思更清楚易懂。
三、结束语
本文针对清楚原则在商务英语函电写作中的运用, 分别从词语与句子进行了论述, 得出以下主要结论: (1) 尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; (2) 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
参考文献:
[ 1] 胡鉴明.商务 英语写作 [m] .广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 2] sue kay.实用商务英语写作[m] .北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2003: 63.
[ 3] 王晓英.商务英语写作教程[m] .南京: 东南大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 4] 廖瑛.实用外贸英语函电( 第二版) [m] .武汉: 华中科技大学出版社, 2003: 8.
摘要: 撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中清楚原则是最基本的原则之一, 但国内以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究尚不多见。本文针对清楚原则的运用, 分别从词语与句子等方面进行了论述。文章认为: 商务英语函电应尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
商务英语函电是国际贸易的重要沟通工具。撰写高水平的商务英语函电通常要遵守七个原则, 其中, 清楚原则是七个原则中最基本的原则之一。在现有的商务英语函电研究成果中, 以清楚原则为依据进行的应用研究较少看到。为此, 笔者拟探讨清楚原则在商务英语函电中的运用, 以帮助国际商务人士提高商务英语函电写作水平。
一、商务英语函电的清楚原则
清楚原则包含三方面: ( 1) 一个句子包含一个意思; ( 2) 句子之间应有逻辑关系; ( 3) 以简单、直接的方法表达。[1]清楚的表达, 能避免误会, 甚至贸易纠纷。比如说, “fluctuation in theexchange rate after the date of contract signing will be for the buyer’saccount.”[1] “fluctuation in the exchange rate”包括了汇率的上涨和跌落两种情况。如果不表达清楚, 买卖双方就会对汇率的涨落产生纠纷。避免不必要的经济纠纷, 商务英语函电撰写的过程中要始终贯彻清楚的原则。上述例子若想表达“合同生效后汇率的波动由买方承担”, 原句子可改为“any increase ordecrease in the exchange rate after the date of contract signing willbe for the buyer’s account.”
二、清楚原则的运用
( 1) 词语的运用
1)词语的准确无误
当你明确了要表达的想法时, 要注意选用清晰、简单的词语, 准确无误地表达你要传达的信息。避免用一些复杂、深奥的词汇。有些写信人认为复杂、深奥的词汇会让信件看起来更有水平, 更重要些。然而, 复杂的词汇会增加对方读信的难度,甚至引起理解上的误会。通常, 商务英语函电的撰写适合采用简单易懂的词汇。
2) 代词的指代
注意代词指代的对象和关系代词前后的逻辑关系。一般来说, 代词和关系代词用以修饰离它们最近的名词, 并且与所指代的名词保持人称上和数量上的一致。但代词的不恰当运用, 会引起表达上的歧义。试看以下的句子: they informedmessrs. smith and richardson that they would receive an answerin a fewdays.[1]在这个句子中, 第二个“they”指代谁呢? 是整个句子的主语“they”还是“messrs. smith and richardson”呢? 这里就产生了歧义。如何清楚地表达? 比如原意想表达“smith和richardson两位先生将在近期内得到答复”, 原句子可改为:“they informed messrs . smith and richardson that the latterwould receive an answer in a fewdays.”这样的话, “the latter”指代“messrs. smith and richardson”, 指代清楚, 句子意思明确。
3) 修饰词的位置
同一修饰词在句子的不同位置, 句子意思和侧重点将完全不同。试比较以下两个句子: ①we can supply 100 tons of theitemonly. ②we can supply only 100 tons of the item.在第一个句子中, “only”修饰“the item”, 意思是只提供这种项目, 没有其它的项目。而在第二个句子中, “only”是修饰“100 tons”, 意思是只提供100吨, 没有更多了。故修饰词在句子中的位置不同,其所修饰的词就不同, 意思也将有所不同, 书写商务英语函电时一定要注意这一点。
此外, 修饰词的位置应该是紧跟着或者靠近它所修饰的词语。试比较以下两个句子: ①they bought a bicycle in a smallshop in beijing which costs $ . ②they bought a bicycle for$ in a small shop in beijing. “$”是修饰“bicycle”, 说明这一辆自行车的价格, 应该靠近它所修饰的词语“bicycle”。第一个句子“which costs $ ”应移到“bicycle”后面。第二个句子不用定语从句, 直接用介词“for” 带出自行车的价格“$”, 修饰词位置正确, 整个句子简洁、清楚易懂。
( 2) 句子的逻辑结构
分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语要保持一致。[4]试分析以下句子: “being an expertin international trade, i’m sure youhave experience of solving this kind of problem.”在这个句子中,句子的主语是“i”, 而分词的逻辑主语是“you”。为保持分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致, 原句子可改为: “being an expert ininternational trade, you certainly have experience of solving thiskind of problem.” 或者“as you are an expert in internationaltrade, i’m sure you have experience of solving this kind of problem.”。
其次, 注意句子间意思的连贯性。例如: they wrote a was addressed to mr. woods. he is the sales manager.这三个短句缺乏意思上的连贯性, 每个句子都有它独立的意思,读信人很难区分哪个句子是最重要的信息。上述句子可改为: “they wrote a letter to mr. woods, the sales manager.”改写后的句子意思清楚明确: “他们给销售部经理woods先生写了一封信。”
此外, 清楚的表达要求重点突出, 读信人不会遗漏重要的信息。我们书写商务英语函电时可以通过调整句子结构, 突出要强调的部分。比如: “we sent you 5 samples yesterday of thegoods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25 by air.”该句子包括了很多信息, 有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ③yesterday, ④the goods which you requested in your letter ofmay 25, ⑤by air。一个句子包含多种信息, 读信人很容易忽略其中某些信息。对此, 重要的信息应放在句子的前面, 通过句子结构加以强调。上述句子重要的信息有①we sent you, ②5 samples, ⑤by air。原句子可改写为: “we sent you, by air, 5 samples of goods whichyou requested in your letter ofmay 25 yesterday.”经过改写的句子重点突出, 句子意思更清晰明确。
最后, 句子中简洁的情节有利于清楚的表达。如“we haveyour check of october 17 in the amount of $500, and wish at thistime to thank you for it.”原句子是表达“我方收到贵方10月17日开具的500美元支票一张, 特此感谢。”“特此感谢”原句子用“wish at this time to thank you for it”, 用词繁琐, 使得整个句子意思不明确。如果这一个情节简化为“thank you”, 原句子改为“thank you for your check of october 17 for $500.”修改后的句子意思更清楚易懂。
三、结束语
本文针对清楚原则在商务英语函电写作中的运用, 分别从词语与句子进行了论述, 得出以下主要结论: (1) 尽量使用简单词语, 并注意代词的指代; (2) 句子表达要求重点突出, 而且要有一定的连贯性。
参考文献:
[ 1] 胡鉴明.商务英语写作[m] .广州: 华南理工大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 2] sue kay.实用商务英语写作[m] .北京: 北京理工大学出版社, 2003: 63.
[ 3] 王晓英.商务英语写作教程[m] .南京: 东南大学出版社, 2001: 4.
[ 4] 廖瑛.实用外贸英语函电( 第二版) [m] .武汉: 华中科技大学出版社, 2003: 8.
英文比中文所占空间要多，但一个英词会译成好几个汉字，1000words译成汉字大概2000~4000字左右。
其内容有语言、文字、图形、符号和视频翻译。其中，在甲语和乙语中，“翻”是指的这两种语言的转换，即先把一句甲语转换为一句乙语，然后再把一句乙语转换为甲语；“译”是指这两种语言转换的过程，把甲语转换成乙语，在译成当地语言文字的过程中，进而明白乙语的含义。
注意
由于翻译有直译、音译、意译。而且，同一种方式，可能会产生多种译义，以何种为准关系到如何保护驰名商标以及他人的合法权益。可以从以下几个方面考察：
第一，驰名商标是否具有明确含义，并且与汉字形成一一对应的关系；
第二，驰名商标的音译是否是习惯的；
第三，翻译方式是否已为公众，尤其是市场所认可。
有可以将英语短文翻译成汉语的工具，比如微信上的小程序，操作步骤如下：
1）首先，打开微信，找到迅捷翻译这个小程序，然后点击打开。
2）先将需要翻译的英文输入或者复制在框框里，然后点击调整一下需要翻译语言的参数。
3）点击翻译按钮，就可以将英语翻译成汉语了。
希望可以帮助到你。
中文大概是英文的三分之二，因为一般英文翻译成中文，中文只占有原文的三分之二，可见我国文字的简洁性。
可以在网上用百度翻译
11111111111声带肥大
在现实生活或工作学习中，说到作文，大家肯定都不陌生吧，作文根据体裁的不同可以分为记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。相信很多朋友都对写作文感到非常苦恼吧，下面是我为大家整理的话题英语作文400字9篇，欢迎大家分享。
Afrer a whole day＇s hard studing, I fell very tierd and want to go out to play football for fan. But my teachers always say that it takes too much time and can make us away from they usually don＇t let us play football. While teachers reject it, we still want to have a play. I think the playing after school can be a redressal and make our bodies healthier. At the same time, temperate exercise won＇t tamper with our studies. According to that, I think playing football after school have more advantages than disadvantages.
Last vacation， I went to Beijing with my family. We went there by train. The train was comfortable. We spent five days visiting Beijing. On the first day， we went to Tian'an Men Square， It is so big. and there were lots of people taking photos. Then we went to the Palace Museum. We saw thousands of houses. Kings lived there before. I felt interesting. The second day was cloudy， so we went to the museums. We saw many old things. On teh third day we went to the Great Wall. It was so great! We were tired. So the next day we stayed at the hotel. The last day we went shopping and bought lots of things. I had a happy vacation.
Diligence is the first key factor to success. Diligence helps us remove ignorance, overcome difficulties, and enlighten our minds. It makes a fool wise, and a poor man rich.
Devotion is another factor to success. Whatever we do, we must love it and do it whole-heartedly. Only when we set our minds on the job, can we do it well.
Furthermore, perseverance, or a strong will, is the last key to success. Without a strong will, we are likely to give up when we meet some difficulties.
History proves that the evolvement road of the new emergence never fails to be bumpy. It can be undeniable that the frictions between the novel and the traditional are intrinsically inevitable. Fortunately, newly emerging things will eventually survive and thrive despite the fact that they are more likely to be in a cramped and harsh environment at first. However, census has not been reached among scholars on how the innovative conquer all the adversities and finally win the battle. As far as I am concerned, it is the innumerable conflicts between the new and the old that boosts the novelty to proliferate.
In order to support Beijing to hold the 20xx Olympic Games and protect our environment, an activity was organized by the Young League and Student's Union of our school during the week from June 3rd to June 8th. All the students in the senior grades took active part in it. Some students cleaned the playground, watered the young trees andflowers, and removed weeds. Some students collected waste paper, old books, empty cans and old toys. They had them sorted and sent them to the recycling activity is really instructive. Now we all have realized how important protecting the environment is.
There are many rules in my as do not eat in the bed do not talk loudystudy should carefuly and so on.
I am always busy with my lessons and I have many homework to do every nightbut my parents still call me wash clothes and make the bedroom clean and am tired every day what shound I do? I ask for help from my parentsbut they say to meyou are not a childyou should learn to take care of yourself.
Now I know my parents give me all their love. I love them.
【参考译文】
有许多规则在我的家庭。如不吃在床上不谈大声说话，学习要注意等等。
我总是忙于功课每天晚上我有很多作业要做但我的父母仍然叫我洗衣服把卧室清理的干净整洁。我每天都很累我应该怎么做呢?我从我的父母寻求帮助但是他们对我说你不是一个孩子了你应该学会照顾自己。
现在我知道我的父母给我所有的爱了。我爱他们。
Hello! i’m a future robot. my name is mini. i have two small eyes, a small nose and a very big mouth. i can read and write, and i can speak chinese and english.
I can play football, basketball and badminton quite well. and i can sing and dance very well! but i can’t run and swim. i always cook the breakfast for my master. my master is sally. she is a pretty girl. she plays hopscotch very well.
I love my master very much.
【原文翻译】
您好。我是一个未来的'机器人。我的名字是迷你。我有一双小眼睛，一个小鼻子和一个非常大的嘴。我能读与写，我会说汉语和英语。
我可以踢足球，篮球和羽毛球很好。我会唱歌和跳舞很好!但是我不会跑步和游泳。我一直为我的主人煮早餐。我的师父是萨利。她是一个漂亮的女孩。她玩跳房子游戏很好。
我很爱我的师父。
There is a story that an old woman always feels unhappy, because when the sun comes out, she worries about her daughter's business, because the girl sells umbrella.
But when it rains, she stills feels unhappy for she worries about her another daugther's business. People tell her to change his point of view, when the it is fine, she can feel happy about her second daughter's business and when it rains, she can be happy about her first daughter's business. In that way, she will be a positive woman every day.
We can't change the fact, but we can treat things in another way, so that we can be positive all the time.
There is a story that an old woman always feels unhappy, because when the sun comes out, she worries about her daughter's business, because the girl sells umbrella. But when it rains, she stills feels unhappy for she worries about her another daugther's business. People tell her to change his point of view, when the it is fine, she ca dn feel happy about her second daughter's business and when it rains, she can be happy about her first daughter's business.
In that way, she will be a positive woman every day. We can't change the f vdact, but w de can treat things in another way, so that we can be positive all the time.
无论在学习、工作或是生活中，大家都有写作文的经历，对作文很是熟悉吧，作文根据体裁的不同可以分为记叙文、说明文、应用文、议论文。一篇什么样的作文才能称之为优秀作文呢？以下是我为大家收集的话题英语作文400字9篇，希望对大家有所帮助。
Parents love their children by nature, where Chinese mothers and fathers are no exceptions. Chinese parents tend to dote on their children because each family is allowed to have only one kid due to birth control. They place too much hope on the treasured child that if he wants the star, they might even climb to pick it. For self-centered, the spoiled children depend on their parents for everything. As a result, once confronted with harsh reality, they are more likely to yield to hardships and difficulties in life.
父母的爱的本质 ，在中国的母亲和父亲也不例外子女。中国父母往往对子女的宠爱，因为每个家庭只允许有一个孩子因节育。他们放置在珍惜的孩子，如果他 希望明星太大的希望，他们甚至可能攀升至选择它。对于以自我为中心，是被宠坏的孩子对一切都取决于他们的父母。因此，一旦与严酷的现 实面前，他们更可能产生的困难，在生活困难。
History proves that the evolvement road of the new emergence never fails to be bumpy. It can be undeniable that the frictions between the novel and the traditional are intrinsically inevitable. Fortunately, newly emerging things will eventually survive and thrive despite the fact that they are more likely to be in a cramped and harsh environment at first. However, census has not been reached among scholars on how the innovative conquer all the adversities and finally win the battle. As far as I am concerned, it is the innumerable conflicts between the new and the old that boosts the novelty to proliferate.
Relax Ourselves
What do you usually do in your spare time to relax yourself? Let me tell you some ways of all, you can stay in bed for a while, sleeping makes people feel , you can join your friends in some fun parties, talks with friends will let you feel , you can go outing alone. You can either breathe new fresh air in the mountains or you can take a look at how beautiful the nature looks , why don't you just play sports with your family? You'll feel tired if you do too much exercise once, but it keeps you healthy and 's your opinion？
近年来，中小学生健康问题日益引起人们的关注。请你用英语就该问题谈谈你的看法。
要求：(1)内容包括①列举中小学生面临的健康问题。
② 请谈谈怎样才能保持健康。
(2)字数：60---80词。
(3)短文中不得出现你的.真实姓名、学校名和地名。
范文：Every one wants to keep healthy today, especailly our students. But we don't pay attention to our health. Some of them go to school without breakfast in the morning. Some students and pupils play computer games or watch TV all day, espacially at the weekends. Many boys think it is cool to drink or smoke.
It is important for us to have good habbits. We should eat breakfast every morning. We can watch TV or play games for a short time, then have a rest. We also can take part in some clubs. I think it is necessary for us to keep healthy.
Many things around us can affect our feelings and moods. I like listening to music. When I am happy, loud rock music makes me more excited and active. But when I am unhappy, loud music makes me feel bored and angry.
Colors can affect my feelings a lot. Different colors change my feelings. When I feel sad. I usually put on bright-colored clothes, such as light green, red,yellow or orange. They will make me feel happier soon. And I remember not to wear dark colored clothes when I feel sad.
我们周围的许多事情都会影响我们的情绪和心情。我喜欢听音乐。当我快乐的时候，摇滚乐使我更加兴奋和活跃。但当我不开心的时候，大声的音乐让我感到无聊和生气。
颜色可以影响我的感情很多。不同的颜色改变我的感觉。当我感到悲伤。我通常穿上鲜艳的衣服，如浅绿色，红色，黄色或橙色。他们很快就会让我感到幸福。我记得我很难过的时候，我记得不要穿深色的衣服。
Dear classmates:
I'm Li Hua , After the discussion we found that 70% of the students think they should take all kinds of exercise every day, but not spend too much time. They think exercise builds body and can keep them healthy. Sports also let them have a good rest so that their study will be more effective.
On the other hand, 30% students believe taking exercise is tiring and it's a waste of time. They say that after having sports they are too excited for a long time to focus on their lessons. And it's possible to be hurt while doing sports.
There is a story that an old woman always feels unhappy, because when the sun comes out, she worries about her daughter's business, because the girl sells umbrella.
But when it rains, she stills feels unhappy for she worries about her another daugther's business. People tell her to change his point of view, when the it is fine, she can feel happy about her second daughter's business and when it rains, she can be happy about her first daughter's business. In that way, she will be a positive woman every day.
We can't change the fact, but we can treat things in another way, so that we can be positive all the time.
I went hiking to a mountain with my friends last summer。
It was a good trip at the beginning but something unexpected happened on the half way。 One of my friends suddenly felt a terrible pain in his stomach and he couldn‘t move any further。 Nobody knew what to do。
One girl tried to call her mum with her mobile phone but there was no signal in the mountain area。 Luckily we brought a tent with us。 We put it up and let him rest in it。 He took some medicine。 Then he drank some water， and ate some food。 After a while， he felt much better and we walked on。 We all enjoyed ourselves on the top of the mountain。
该类别主要包括：教育、上网成瘾、上网交友、青少年犯罪、 个人隐私、出国留学、 知识学术欺诈、 望子成龙， 拔苗助长、 应试教育素质教育 、考试作弊 、相互攀比、 名牌、 浪费、 课业负担、 恋爱 、兼职 、占座、 8090后 、富二代、 校园旅游 、教育平等 、独生子女、 农民工子女、 创新 、迷信、 溺爱(spoiled)。
1、To concentrate limited resources on creative talents, or elite;
2、Enable students to possess better job skill;
3、prepare students for future employment;
4、to enhance the quality of population;
5、to promote scientific and technological level;
6、 to prepare one for a better and more meaningful life rather than a job;
7、one-child policy
8、migrant workers(农民工);
9、impartial education opportunities
10、overwhelming homework;
11、quality education(素质教育)
12、a comprehensive renovation
1. In China, people are required to retire at a fixed age, men at 60 and women at 55. People used to accept it without any doubts, but now with diversification of employment and the longer life expectancy, the policy of forced retirement is causing more and more debates. What is your opinion about this topic? Write a composition of about 400 . Now Internet has almost become the symbol of information age. Some think that it is a very great invention because by it, they can do many things that were impossible before. But some view Internet with much disapproval because it distracts people’s attention rather than help people do things better. What is your opinion about the influence of Internet on the modern society? Write an essay of about 400 words on the following topic: Internet and the Modern . College students have long been categorized by their major or specialization, but very soon Shanghai University will take the initiative to enroll students who will not be branded with a major. some people believe that universities should encourage their students to study a whole range of subjects and others maintain that college students should focus on a special subject and excel at least in that regard. what's your opinion? write an essay of about 400 words to state your . qualities of people that are needed in today's world can't be learnt in universities or other institutions. to want extent do you argee or disagree? write a composition of about 400 words to state your . Traveling is more important than reading books in order to understand the people and the world. Do you agree or disagree with the statement?2. Now many people forget their history and culture, so some people suggest that we should encourage people to wear their traditional clothing everyday. Do you agree?1. “Students should bring a certain skepticism to whatever they study. They should question what they are taught instead of accepting it passively.” How far do you agree with the quotation above? Write an essay of about 400 words to explain your position. You should supply an appropriate title for your . “Education should be equally devoted to enriching the personal lives of students and to training students to be productive workers.’ Do you agree or disagree with the statement? “Write an essay of about 400 words to explain your position. You should supply an appropriate title for your essay.问题补充： I Which is more important for you in your life: knowledge from books you read or personal experiences in reality? Please use details to explain your answer in about 400 words within 45 . Popular events like the Olympic Games, World Expo and other international sporting occasions are essential in easing international tensions and releasing patriotic emotions in a say way. What’s your opinion in this regard? Please write about 400 words within 45 minutes to show your personal . As reading is important for a good education, children are invariably encouraged to read extensively. But does this mean that children should read whatever appeals to them? Write a composition of about 400 words within 45 minutes to assess arguments for or against this view.
导语：有很多关于励志的英语小文章都是很值得我们抽空去看看的，我整理了励志的大学英语文章带翻译，欢迎阅读。
守自己的优势
Stick to your special talents
You were born with a special talent. It may be to sing, write, teach, paint, mentor, preach, defend or befriend. You have something special to offer the world, something you can do better than 10,000 others. You must keep learning and trying new things to find your special talent. The world needs your gift. Be aware that even a special talent can go stale if you don’t keep using and honing it. Endeavor to keep your talents and all your skills up to date.
An advantage isn’t an advantage unless you use it. Find ways to use your advantages to set and reach your goals. Likewise, you should recognize and then try to minimize the impact of your limitations. Remember that not all advantages are transferable. Just because you are talented in one area doesn’t mean that you will be talented at everything you try. The successful real estate investor can easily lose her money opening a restaurant. Stick to your advantages and don’t stray from them without reasoned justification.
[参考译文]
固守自己的优势
你生而有自己的特殊天赋。你的特长可能是唱歌，写作，教书，绘画，劝导，步道，辩护或交友。你总有些特殊之处可以贡献给这个世界，有些事你可以做的比另外一万个人做的都好。你必须不断学习和尝试新的事物从而发现自己的特殊才能。时间需要你的贡献馈赠。要明白即使是特殊才能如果不经常使用而且磨练的话也会失效。因此要尽力使自己的天赋与所有的技能跟上时代。
任何优势如果不用的话也就不称其为优势了。找到办法运用你的优势来确定并实现你的目标。同样的你应该意识到自己的不足之处并尽力将其不利影响限制在最小程度。切记并不是所有的优势都能够相互转换的：你在某一方面有天赋并不意味着你在自己所尝试的一切事情上都有天赋。一个成功的房地产投资商很可能因为开餐馆而亏本。因此要固守自己的优势，在没有理性的确定判断之前不要轻易离开自己擅长的领域。
爱能够创造奇迹的力量
Love: The One Creative Force
A college professor had his sociology class go into the Baltimore slums to get case histories of 200 young boys. They were asked to write an evaluation of each boy's future. In every case the students wrote," He hasn't got a chance." Twenty-five years later another sociology professor came across the earlier study. He had his students follow up on the project to see what had happened to these boys.
With the exception of 20 boys who had moved away or died, the students learned that 176 of the remaining 180 had achieved more than ordinary success as lawyers, doctors and businessmen.
The professor was astounded and decided to pursue the matter further. Fortunately, all men were in the area and he was able to ask each one," How do you account for your success?" In each case the reply came with feeling," There was a teacher."
The teacher was still alive, so he sought her out and asked the old but still alert lady what magic formula she had used to pull these boys out of the slums into successful achievement.
The teacher's eyes sparkled and her lips broke into a gentle smile. "It's really very simple," she said. "I loved those boys."
一个大学教授在上社会学课的时候，让他的学生去巴尔的摩贫民窟找200个男孩的历史记录，并且要求写出对每个男孩未来的评估。对每个孩子，学生都这样评价着：“他这辈子完了。”25年以后另外一个社会学教授发现了这个早期的研究，并让他的学生继续探究这个研究，看看这些男孩到底怎么样了。这些男孩中除了已经去世或者迁居的20位以外，学生发现，剩下的180人中有176人都获得了比普通人更大的成就，他们中有律师，医生，还有商人。
教授大吃一惊并决定进一步地探究下去。幸运的是，这些长成人的.孩子还都在这个地区，因此教授有机会挨个去问他们：“你是如何获得你的这些成就的?”很让人感动的是，他们的回答如出一辙：“因为我有一位好老师。”
这个老师还健在。当教授找到这位年迈但仍不失机警的妇人，问她到底有什么魔法能让这些贫民窟的孩子都获得如此成就的时候，这位老师眼里闪耀着光芒，她的嘴唇露出一抹温柔微笑，“很简单，”她说，“因为我爱这些孩子。”
什么是你攀升的方向标
What is your direction indicator of ascended
One windy spring day, I observed young people having fun using the wind to fly their kites. Multicolored creations of varying shapes and sizes filled the skies like beautiful birds darting and dancing. As the strong winds gusted against the kites, a string kept them in check.
Instead of blowing away with the wind, they arose against it to achieve great heights. They shook and pulled, but the restraining string and the cumbersome tail kept them in tow, facing upward and against the wind. As the kites struggled and trembled against the string, they seemed to say, “Let me go! Let me go! I want to be free!” They soared beautifully even as they fought the restriction of the string. Finally, one of the kites succeeded in breaking loose. “Free at last,” it seemed to say. “Free to fly with the wind.”
Yet freedom from restraint simply put it at the mercy of an unsympathetic breeze. It fluttered ungracefully to the ground and landed in a tangled mass of weeds and string against a dead bush. “Free at last” free to lie powerless in the dirt, to be blown helplessly along the ground, and to lodge lifeless against the first obstruction.
How much like kites we sometimes are. The Heaven gives us adversity and restrictions, rules to follow from which we can grow and gain strength. Restraint is a necessary counterpart to the winds of opposition. Some of us tug at the rules so hard that we never soar to reach the heights we might have obtained. We keep part of the commandment and never rise high enough to get our tails off the ground.
Let us each rise to the great heights, recognizing that some of the restraints that we may chafe under are actually the steadying force that helps us ascend and achieve.
[参考译文]
什么是你攀升的方向标
在一个有风的春日，我看到一群年轻人正在迎风放风筝玩乐，各种颜色、各种形状和大小的风筝就好像美丽的鸟儿在空中飞舞。当强风把风筝吹起，牵引线就能够控制它们。
风筝迎风飘向更高的地方，而不是随风而去。它们摇摆着、拉扯着，但牵引线以及笨重的尾巴使它们处于控制之中，并且迎风而上。它们挣扎着、抖动着想要挣脱线的束缚，仿佛在说：“放开我!放开我!我想要自由!”即使与牵引线奋争着，它们依然在美丽地飞翔。终于，一只风筝成功挣脱了。“终于自由了，”它好像在说，“终于可以随风自由飞翔了!”
然而，脱离束缚的自由使它完全处于无情微风的摆布下。它毫无风度地震颤着向地面坠落，落在一堆乱草之中，线缠绕在一颗死灌木上。“终于自由”使它自由到无力地躺在尘土中，无助地任风沿着地面将其吹走，碰到第一个障碍物便毫无生命地滞留在那里了。
有时我们真像这风筝啊!上苍赋予我们困境和约束，赋予我们成长和增强实力所要遵从的规则。约束是逆风的必要匹配物。我们中有些人是如此强硬地抵制规则，以至我们从来无法飞到本来能够达到的高度。我们只遵从部分戒律，因此永远不会飞得足够高，使尾巴远离地面。
让我们每个人都飞到高处吧，并且认识到这一点：有些可能会令我们生气的约束，实际上是帮助我们攀升和实现愿望的平衡力。
大学的生活是丰富多彩的，我们可以用英语描述一下自己的大学生活，我整理了相关信息，来看一下！
As we know, many people favor the idea that the college life is free and comfortable, but I’d like to say it’s not true. As a matter of fact, my life in university is so busy that I wonder if my energy is enough. As to my college life, I divide it into four parts, including study, student activities, library and the others.
我们知道，很多人认为大学生活是自由、舒适的，但我想说这不是真的。事实上，我的大学生活是如此的忙碌，以至于我都不知道我的能量是否足够。至于我的大学生活，我把它分为四个部分，包括学习，学生活动，图书馆和其他的。
Firstly, I want to talk about the study. In my opinion, study is the priority in college. When I received the letter of admission in summer, I knew clearly that what I should do. So I make up my mind to study hard and pursue learning as much as possible. I’m greatly convinced that knowledge can change my life. Therefore, I often go to the quiet study room where many people study there. By working so hard, I get good grades in the exams.
首先，我想谈谈学习。在我看来，学习是大学该优先考虑的。当我在夏天收到录取通知书时，我就清楚地知道我应该做什么。所以我下定决心努力学习，尽可能多的追求学问。我非常相信知识可以改变我的生活。因此，我常常去安静的自习室学习，有很多人在那里学习。通过努力学校，我在考试中取得了好成绩。
The bright and dark sides of my university life
Every coin has two sides. On the one hand, I am quite satisfied with my university life. On the other hand, life in my university is not as satisfactory as what we had expected.
Here is the bright side of my university life: Firstly, Equipment of my university is advanced and teacher team is powerful. There is an advanced library that owns all kinds of books. So we can acquire a lot of knowledge from my university. Secondly, all sorts of lectures are given on campus. We can learn much knowledge that is interesting. Thirdly, my campus activities are rich and colorful. Such as sports meets, speech contests, different social gatherings and dancing parties provide opportunities to make friends. What’s more, my dormitory life is very harmonious. Dormitory life is an important part of my university life. On the one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study. On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together.
This is the dark side of my university life: Firstly, there is only one dining room in my university. So we often need to wait in a long line, which waste much time. Everyday is always fixed cuisine types, which make our appetites depressed.
Secondly, self-study room is not enough. Now we will soon take final exam. So it is difficult to find a self-study room. What’s more, network of my university is very unstable. It is difficult to search literature in my dormitory, which waste too much short, I am quite satisfied with my university life, but there is still some room for improvement. I am convinced that my university life will become better and better.
参考作文地带整理翻译：
每个硬币都有两面。一方面，我很满意我的大学生活。另一方面，生活在我的大学是不满意作为我们所期望的。
这是光明的一面：首先我的大学生活，我的大学先进设备和师资队伍强大。有一个先进的图书馆，拥有各类图书。所以我们可以获得很多知识，我的大学。其次，各种讲座在校园。我们可以学到很多知识，有趣的是。
第三，我的校园生活丰富多彩。如运动会，演讲比赛，不同的社交聚会和舞蹈各方提供机会交朋友。更重要的是，我的宿舍生活是非常和谐。宿舍生活是非常重要的我的大学生活。一方面，我们可以有一个良好的休息，我们的心投入研究。另一方面，我们将有一个好心情，享受在一起。
这是黑暗的一面，我的大学生活：首先，只存在一个餐厅在我的大学。所以我们经常需要等待很长的线，它浪费时间。每天总是固定菜肴类型，这使我们的欲望压抑。
其次，自习室是不够的。现在我们将很快采取最后的考试。
所以很难找到一个自习室。更重要的是，我的大学是非常不稳定的网络。很难搜索文学在我的宿舍，浪费太多时间。总之，我很满意我的大学生活，但仍有改进的空间。我相信，我的大学生活会变得更加美好。
Until now, I have been studying in the university for one year,and I gained many precious things during this year, such as a wealth of knowledge and friendship.到现在为止，我已经在大学学习一年的时间了，在这一年里我获得了许多珍贵的东西，比如丰富的知识和珍贵的友谊The way of learning in college is very different from before,mainly depend on our own self-discipline rather than teachers. In college we need to take part in many competitions,and certificates. This has to be done without the supervision of a teacher. So we will gain many things from the proxess. 大学的学习方式跟之前有很大不同，主要靠我们自己的自律而不是老师的看管。在大学我们需要参加许多比赛和证书，这都需要在没有老师监督的情况下完成。所以我们会从这个过程中学到很多东西And the college after-school life is full of variety, everyone has his own way of life. You can join all kinds of club activities to cultivate your own habbies and interests. You will meet interesting people from all over the country even the world in college. Become friends and lifelong friends with them. And you can feel the local conditions and customs from various regions. 而且大学的课余生活是多姿多彩的，每个人都有自己的生活方式，你可以参加各种各样的社员活动来培养自己的兴趣爱好。你将会在大学里遇到来自全国各地甚至全世界的有趣的人。和他们成为朋友甚至一生挚友。你可以感受各地的风土人情。Therefore, I think college life is a very important and indispensable stage in my life. My horizons was broadened and my knowledge increased in the university. 因此我认为大学生活是我人生中非常重要的一个阶段，是不可缺少的。在大学我开阔了视野，增长了见识。