是小学生要交去参评的那种吗？
看10万个为什么
网上搜不就的了。本文介绍的是五年级450字作文：学螃蟹吐泡泡——科普小论文的内容生活在这个世界上，之所以现在科技飞一般的发展，是因为人类一直在发现、探索……【问题的提出】一个阳光明媚的周末之晨，我正在刷牙，看见一杯水在那，立刻倒入嘴里漱口，奇怪？怎么不是水，味道甜甜的，看到“不明液体”里的一个个小气泡，我顿时恍然大悟，原来我用来漱口的是妈妈今天早上喝剩的雪碧呢！可能老妈忘倒掉了吧！想到了这儿，我立刻吐掉了口中的雪碧。咦？怎么我吐出来的是——泡沫，就想刚打捞出来的螃蟹嘴里吐着的东西，难道是雪碧与牙膏产生的化学反应？【假设】这个问题困扰了我很久，我左思右想，一定是雪碧里面的某种物质导致的，所以我开始了近一步的了解……【分析实验】我开始做实验了：把牙膏挤在杯子里，加入四分之一水杯的雪碧，用筷子搅拌，一会儿就变成了泡沫。我明白了，这一定是碳酸饮料里二氧化碳的“变身”了，二氧化碳是气体，怪不得会变成气泡呀！【结论】牙膏和碳酸饮料在一起的时候会变成泡沫。通过这次实验我明白了：科学无处不在，只要你去发现。纸总会被一个善于发现的人捅破。我愿意做那个人，你呢？教师评语：小作者是一个非常善于观察生活的人，保持着一颗童心，敢于发现问题、提出问题、解决问题，这种认真探索的态度值得我们每一个人学习。指导老师：朱蕾燕
在我们平凡的日常里，大家都尝试过写作文吧，作文是经过人的思想考虑和语言组织，通过文字来表达一个主题意义的记叙方法。相信很多朋友都对写作文感到非常苦恼吧，以下是我为大家整理的五年级科普作文范文，欢迎大家借鉴与参考，希望对大家有所帮助。
暑假的时候，老师带我们去体育馆看了一个有趣的科普展览。
走进体育馆，我看到了许多奇怪的景象。为什么，那是什么？水龙头保持水的流动，但它没有水管的接头。看到介绍，才知道水里藏着一根透明的水管。啊！原来水管就是水龙头里的水，叫“被动水”。我最喜欢的是《海市蜃楼》。我站在一米开外，看着前方。空气中悬浮着一股泉水。我好奇地伸出手去摸它，但什么也摸不着。那是“海市蜃楼”！
又看到一个大屏幕。上面有很多奇怪的图案。最惊人的是一个大头上有两个人。这里写着这张图有九张脸。据说都是智商180。我很好奇看到很多老师都来了。唉，我只找到了三张脸，而我们语文老师马老师指着后面，很快就找到了九张长脸，真不愧是老师！
有很多有趣的事情。我一路走走停停，谈笑风生，看着同学用手摸着大话筒。听学生弹电子琴《哆啦a梦》；感受同学们的笑声，我收获了很多。
依依不舍的离开了，我觉得科学的进步真的很快，越来越让我着迷。也让我们知道，有些事情是不能迷信的。我们应该相信科学，科学可以引导我们探索许多未知的秘密。
我觉得这个科普展很有意义。
浙江绍兴北海小学五年级周颖：
六月，我沐浴阳光的时候，我和妈妈一起看了一场科普活动。
正当我暗暗思考一会儿应该穿什么的时候，一个小脑袋小心翼翼地从窗帘后面探了出来。她是谁？蝴蝶还是苍蝇？不，不，不，不。这是一只蜻蜓。她说：“你猜不到我是蜻蜓。刚才我趁爷爷不注意偷偷溜了出去，呵呵呵呵！现在他大概在找我，谁叫我是他的小助理！”
要知道，最近蜻蜓迷上了一个游戏，就是吹泡泡。说着说着，她就被泡泡水吹爆了。一个小泡泡飞上天空，孩子们都争先恐后地站起来感受这个可爱的小泡泡。这时，蜻蜓男又说：“小时候妈妈对我说，‘每个泡泡都有一个愿望。当你吹出一个泡泡时，你会许一个愿望。“有些孩子问了问题。一个小泡泡怎么能装下我的大愿望？但是齐静爷爷出来了，吓得龙飞等人魂飞魄散。就像蜻蜓人抱怨的那样，爷爷说：“要想泡泡越来越大，就往泡泡水里加点生油！”
接下来爷爷给我们准备了几个惊喜，每个惊喜都让我们感叹。
这次看的科普活动让我受益匪浅。科学的世界是奇妙的，知识的领域是广泛而深刻的。只要你仔细观察，科普就在你身边。
青年地学科普基地位于武进区城东小学。占地1000平方米，由主题墙、基岩标、科普博物馆、科普知识宣传廊四部分组成。
当你走进基地时，你会看到一块巨大的石头，它的“身体”刻有岁月的印记，但石头上的10个鲜红的字符使它充满活力。这是前国土资源部部长孙文生参观我校科技馆时的题词。同时，这些话也包含着孙爷爷对年轻人的支持、鼓励和期待。作为新一代的青少年，我们要不辜负孙文生爷爷给我们的期望！
跟随导游的脚步，我们来到了一个精致的六角亭。亭子是棕色的，头上的六个角向上倾斜。踩在台阶上，似乎能感受到其中的玄机，亭子上方画着八大星的画面，栩栩如生。中间有一个小巧精致的玻璃柜。这时，我们听到解说员清脆悦耳的声音：“透过玻璃柜，地下深处有一个不锈钢基准182。54米，直接撞击岩石，用于探测地面沉降，与南京地质调查研究所相连，与北斗一号卫星对接……”听完叙述者的故事，我明白了它的巨大作用。
当我走进科学博物馆时，我立即被陈列柜里的各种矿物和化石所吸引，其中我最喜欢的是晶莹剔透的琥珀。它是卡其色的，看起来很光滑。刺眼的灯光下，它显得兴高采烈，好像要滴几滴油。仔细一看，里面还有一个小bug！它的两根触须以弯曲的方式向两侧延伸，就好像只要触摸它就会出现一样。
终于到了科普知识宣传廊。本期主题是测绘，测绘知识的背面有中外名人介绍。
科普基地真的是我们学校一道亮丽的风景线！
今天，我和妈妈在初春的阳光下参观了科技馆的科普展览“防震减灾”。一进科技馆，就感觉气氛和以前不一样了。哇！人真多！许多学生正在复制科普展览图片中的信息，一些家长正在用相机拍照，最后学生们正试图用那些设施了解他们更多。首先，我理解地震是由于地球内部物质不断运动而引起的，会产生很大的力作用在岩层上。
当这种力积累到一定程度时，就会使岩层弯曲变形。一旦这种变化无法忍受，岩层就会断裂，剧烈运动，释放出巨大的能量，产生强烈的振动。地震有很多原因。从地震的成因来看，地震主要有构造地震、火山地震和崩塌地震。中国三大地震：邢台地震、唐山地震、汶川地震都是构造地震。
然后，我了解到地震是最具毁灭性的自然灾害之一，可以让整个城市瞬间变成废墟。地震来了：我们要迅速躲到坚固的家具、厨房、卫生间等区域旁边；在学校，要蹲在桌子下面或其他支撑物下，用手或其他东西保护头部；千万不要跳楼、靠近阳台、窗户或乘电梯。注意水而不是火。
最后，我也知道，万一发生火灾，我要保持冷静，尽快撤离。如果在高层，不能跳楼，疏散的时候不能坐电梯，要去安全出口，去安全出口的时候要一直弯腰疏散。
今天，我收获了很多！我不仅知道地震和地震自救，也知道在火灾时不要惊慌而是要冷静。这对我以后的生活会有很大的帮助。
青年地学普及基地位于城东小学。占地1000平方米，由主题墙、基础研究标准、科普博物馆、科普画廊四部分组成。
刚进基地，一块巨大的太湖石闯入我的眼帘。上面刻着十个强而有力的.字，“建设创新之路教育子孙后代”。这些字大如手掌。通过解说员的介绍，我知道这是前国土资源部部长孙文生爷爷的题词。看着这些人物，我很自豪。
随着解释的介绍，我们来到了基岩标。在一个精致的六角亭下，有一个玻璃柜。透过橱柜，你可以看到一根不锈钢管深入地下。通过解释者的分析，我了解到这是用来测量江苏地面沉降的。这时，我有一个疑问，地面沉降对我们有什么危害？我带着这个疑问走进了科学博物馆。
科技馆里的一个地面沉降模型，一个漂浮在水面上的整个城市泡沫模型。听解说员的介绍。此时供水量大于取水量，地面不沉降。但随着排水管不断排水，原城市模型地面慢慢下沉，突然裂开一个大洞，吓了我一跳。唐老师说：“江苏这里有很多工厂，大量开采地下水，造成地面沉降。如果我们过度开发，地面会像模型一样裂开。现在我终于明白了地面沉降对我们的危害。希望工厂不要过度开采地下水，我们人类节约用水。”
出了科普馆，看到旁边“立”着三棵高大的樟树，一股沁人心脾的香味突然映入我的眼帘。
神奇的科普世界，它就像一本生物笔记本，记录着各种动植物的成长和它们的快乐旅程。
科普世界是一个奇幻的世界，一切都有自己的私人生活，都有自己的快乐之旅。其中，植物世界里的蒲公英让我无比感叹。
植物和人类一样，都可以成为伟大的母亲，都可以天生生出自己的“孩子”。
蒲公英上的白绒软绒是蒲公英妈妈孕育的生命。蒲公英绒毛那么轻，随着风的轻轻吹拂，蒲公英妈妈成功地利用大自然的气息为她的孩子播撒了——粒种子，蒲公英里雪白的绒毛开始了幸福的旅程。
蒲公英雪白的绒毛在大自然玩偶的衬托下抚摸着它可爱的脸颊，四处飞舞。淘气的娃娃像鸟儿一样在空中快乐地飞翔，白色的蒲公英绒毛随风起舞。然而蒲公英绒毛并没有忘记母亲的“叮嘱”，——在大自然中找到了自己合适的“家”。他们在某个地方找到了属于自己的家，伴随着随风飘荡的歌声。
雪白的汗毛漫天飞舞，就像冬天调皮的雪花娃娃在空中玩降落伞，漫天飞舞，飞累了降落陆地休息。
蒲公英的绒毛像棉花一样柔软。如果你拿起一朵蒲公英轻轻吹一吹，你会发现一个神奇的——白色蒲公英绒毛满天飞的场景，一些学习绒毛会悄悄潜入你的身体，和你玩捉迷藏，让你的身体感到柔软和发痒。
在一个阳光明媚的下午，我们李佳小学开展了一项有趣的科普活动。
星期五下午，当我们结束第四节课的时候。张老师突然回到教室，挥手对我们说：“同学们，快点，我们要去参加科普活动了。”听了张老师的话，同学们一开始欢呼雀跃，然后迫不及待的拍队准备出发。我们先去看了一场电影。电影中途播出时，展现了被地震摧毁的城市：建筑变成了参差不齐的一堆石头，三层楼房被夷为平地。许多人被埋在“泥屋”下面，不时有悲伤的哭声。电影上映后，我才真正意识到地震有多可怕！
我们不仅看电影，还在操场上玩“游戏”。
当你来到操场时，你会发现这里有许多大铁架。它们是干什么用的？其实这才是真正的“过火线”。目的是锻炼你的注意力。哦，怎么玩？我告诉你，走“穿越圈”一直走，不要碰到“火线”。叔叔阿姨先给我们演示了一下，然后又派了一个同学来做。很难不去想。可是学生越来越差，“火线”不停地拉响警报，好像在生气地说：哦，30个人，一个都过不去，让我很失望！“很久以后，只有一个人没有让闹钟响，——沙。
然后，我们又去看展板。可怕的画面出现在我们眼前。让我们知道一个道理：人生只有一次，错过了就再也没有了。
同学们，生命只有一次。注意安全，保护好自己。正如司马迁所写：“自己的死，不是重于泰山，就是轻于鸿毛。”一样。要不要无视安全，结束生命中最宝贵的生命？所以，请注意安全，从身边的小事做起。
4月22日下午，学校组织五年级全体师生参观20xx年青年科普基地，了解矿物、化石和科普知识。
当我们走进科普基地时，一块巨大的石头映入眼帘。我看着这个“怪物”，上面写着十个红色的字：共同打造创新之路，科普教育后代。这些话都比我的手掌大。据说这是前国土资源部部长孙文生视察我校科普基地时的题词。我很骄傲。
穿过科普基地的大门，我看到了一个六角形的亭子，看起来像一把伞，是青绿色的。下面有四根深红色的柱子。亭子里有基岩痕迹，里面有一些浑浊的黄色液体。我挠了挠头，不知道里面有些东西。在我偶尔失败的时候，解说员为我解开了这个“谜团”。“这是一根穿透地面的不锈钢杆米，是测量地下水的，因为人们开采了大量的地下水，地面就会塌陷……”我豁然开朗，但此时我很难过，要不是我们贪婪，地球不会受到伤害，我们应该节约用水而不是开采地下水。
走到科学博物馆的南面，有无数种矿物、化石和展板。有晶莹的紫水晶洞，发光的萤石和由来已久的恐龙蛋。最吸引人的是恐龙蛋，大概有哈密瓜那么大。从恐龙百科的归属来看，可以判断这个和小恐龙蛋应该属于食草恐龙。表面有大量的红粘土，可以推断它曾经深埋在地下，但卵没有被压碎。简直难以置信！
参观青少年科普基地后，收获颇多，了解了地球的演化，了解了马杭基岩标志物，了解了各种矿物和化石。今天不仅增长了我的知识，也开阔了我的眼界！
今天，老师带我们参观了青少年科普基地。
我们整齐地来到通往基地的路上，一块巨大的石头吸引了我们的目光。哦，原来是一块“主题石”，上面的十个红字“共同构筑创新之路，用科普教育后代”闪闪发光。
当我们沿着小路走的时候，我们看到了一面弯曲的墙，上面有苏锡常地区地面沉降监测网的分布图。所以这就是著名的主题墙！我们很兴奋，就像看到了通往新世界的大门，然后拿出刷子刷疯狂的记录。
我们跟随导游的脚步来到一个六边形的亭子，亭子旁边有红色的柱子和红色的尖顶。亭子里有一个六角形的玻璃罩。盖子里有一根管子，管子里有一些黄绿色的液体。通向地面的管道下面有一根钢柱。啊？这是干什么？评论员清脆的声音回答了我的问题：“此时，建于1997年的马航基岩标是一个永久性的地面沉降监测设施，其管道位于地下182米深处。54米，直接撞到岩石层。”听了这些话，我的心情变得沉重起来：人们过度开采地下水，还得尝尝苦果！我们现在必须保护水资源！
讲师走了，老师带我们进了科技馆。一进科技馆，我的眼睛立刻被大大小小的各种矿物质吸引住了。这些矿物中有一些布满了小孔；有的包裹着一些虫子；有些像玻璃一样透明反光。
出了科普馆，我们来到科普廊，那里有一些名人简介。
不知不觉，参观结束了。这次访问让我明白了我们应该保护环境，因为我们只有一个地球！
昨天老师发了一张科普展“机器人，科幻外星人”的门票。我不提我有多开心！很久以前在电视台看到黄裳的外星人展览，心里痒痒的，总想有一天能看到。今天，期待已久的一天终于到来了。
今天下午，我和妈妈乘6路公共汽车去黄裳购物中心。那里非常热闹，有蹦极、食物和衣服。当我们到达三楼时，我们看到外面有一个红色的机器人，叫做钢琴演奏机器人。这是一个优秀的钢琴家，有一双像人类一样灵活的手。只要投一元硬币，就可以像vod平台一样点歌。我赶紧投入一元钱，点了一首《猴歌》。机器人立刻播放，就像录像带一样，但是太单调，没有伴奏。
进了展厅，我看到了一个叫“弦乐琴”的机器人。他是一架有特殊琴弦的弦乐器。它的弦是由红外线组成的，一束红外线就是一根弦。当红外线被手挡住时，相应的音符就会发出声音，弹出优美的旋律。
还有一个“弦乐琴”，不过比我刚才看到的那个小很多。这是一架由洞组成的钢琴，只要你用手指堵住那些洞，你就能做出一首好歌。
还有一个靠“硬币”卖东西的机器人。这是一个扔一美元硬币并给糖果的机器人。
送饮料的机器人也很有趣。如果你放钱的时候点了可乐，它会自动给你可乐。
我喜欢看科普展览。
身体健康是从物质意义对人的生活质量的理解。下面是我带来的 医学英语 科普 文章 ，欢迎阅读!
医学英语科普文章1
话说水果、蔬菜和疾病
Five-a-Day "No Benefit" 每日五份没效果
One of the most commonly-held beliefs regarding health and nutrition in the UK has beenfound to be untrue, according to a new scientific study.
For many years British people have been recommended to eat at least 'five-a-day' – that isfive items of fruit or vegetables every day in order to improve their health and reduce thelikelihood of illness, in particular cancer.
The recommendation was first put forward in 1990 by the World Health Organizationwhich said that the 'five-a-day' diet could prevent cancer and other chronic diseases.
Since then the advice has been a mainstay of public health policies in many developedcountries, such as the UK, where the population eat a high proportion of junk food.
Many health campaigns have promoted the advice, and indeed much food packaging inBritain states how the contents will constitute part of your five-a-day.
However, a study of 500,000 Europeans from 10 different countries refutes the commonly-believed suggestion that up to 50% of cancers could be prevented by increasing the public'sconsumption of fruit and vegetables.
Instead the study, which is led by researchers from a well-respected New York medicalschool, estimates that only of cancers could be averted by eating more fruit and veg.
It seems that the key to avoiding cancers is to have an overall healthy lifestyle whichincludes not smoking or drinking a lot of alcohol, taking exercise and avoiding obesity.
But medical charities have spoken out to remind people that diet is an important factor instaying healthy, and that even a reduction in cancers is still a positive step.
Cancer Research UK said: "It's still a good idea to eat your five-a-day but remember thatfruits and vegetables are pieces in a much larger lifestyle jigsaw."
医学英语科普文章2
致命的军团杆菌
legionnaires' disease is a serious and sometimes fatal form of pneumonia. legionnaires' disease is caused by infection with legionella bacteria which are found naturally in the environment and thrive in warm water and warm damp places. man-made water systems sometimes provide environments that let legionella bacteria increase to large numbers. these man-made systems include showers, spa pools, fountains, and air conditioning cooling towers. people usually get legionnaires' disease by breathing in mists that come from a water source contaminated with legionella bacteria.
an estimated 8,000 to 18,000 people get legionnaires' disease in the united states each year. some people can be infected with legionella bacteria and have mild symptoms or no illness at all. patients with legionnaires' disease usually have fever, chills, and a cough, which may be dry or may produce sputum. some patients also have muscle aches, headache, tiredness, loss of appetite, and, occasionally, diarrhea. from the time of infection with legionella bacteria, it takes 2-10 days for symptoms to appear. in most cases, symptoms begin after 5-6 days. legionnaires' disease is treated with antibiotics, such as erythromycin. the earlier that treatment is begun, the better the outcome.
the first known outbreak of legionnaires' disease was in philadelphia, usa, in 1976. a total of 221 people contracted the disease and 34 died. most of those that died were legionnaires and that's how the disease got its name. the second largest outbreak was at the stafford hospital in england in 1985; a total of 101 people contracted the disease and 28 died.
军团病是一种非常严重的、有时可以致命的肺炎。军团病是由军团杆菌引起，这种细菌产生在自然环境中，在温水里及潮热的地方蔓延。人工供水系统有时也能为军团杆菌的大量繁殖提供生存环境。这些系统包括淋浴器、矿泉池、喷泉以及空调设备的冷却水塔。人们通常是由于呼吸了被军团杆菌污染的水源散发的水雾而传染上军团病的。
据估计，在美国每年都有国每年都有8000~18000人感染上军团病。有些军团病感染者所表现出来的症状比较温和，甚至根本就没有得病的迹象。军团病患者通常有发烧、畏寒及干咳或咳痰等表现。部分患者还有肌肉疼痛、头痛、疲劳、食欲不振及偶尔腹泻等症状。这种病的潜伏期约为的潜天。许多病例表明，出现症状需要状需要5~6天的时间。军团病可以用红霉素等抗生素进行治疗，越早治疗效果越好。
军团病已知的首次爆发是在发是1976年美国费城，221人感染疾病，其中死亡34人。由于大多的死者都是军团成员，因此称为军团病。该病的第二次大爆发是1985年在英国的斯塔福德医院。这次101个被感染者中有28人死亡。
医学英语科普文章3
女性最佳生育年龄
For women who want to have children, planning the right time is a difficult decision. In recent years, many women have opted to put off having kids until their late 20s and well into their 30s — focusing on finishing school, building their careers, traveling, and maybe even paying down their student loans before taking the leap into parenthood. Statistics show that women are waiting longer and longer to have kids — the current average age of first-time moms is up to , up from just 15 years ago.
对于想要孩子的女性来说，合适的时间是一个艰难的决定。近年来，很多女性选择在20岁末甚至30多岁才要孩子，主要原因是她们忙于完成学业、发展职业生涯、旅行、甚至选择在为人父母之前偿还助学贷款。数据表明，女性的生育年龄越来越晚——生第一胎的平均年龄从15年前的岁上升到现在的是岁。
The choice to have children is extremely personal and of course there’s no wrong answer when it comes to being ready to be a mom. But according to Dr. Gillian Lockwood, medical director at the Midland Fertility Clinic in the UK, there is an ideal age when our bodies are best suited to pregnancy. Can you guess what it is?
要孩子的选择是一个非常私人的话题，选择什么时候做母亲都没有错。但是英国米德兰生育诊所的医学主任Gillian Lockwood表示，我们的身体有一个最佳的生育年龄。你能猜到是多少岁吗?
I’ll give you a hint: it’s when many of us have a quarter-life crisis. Also: when it finally becomes affordable to rent a car.
提醒一下：最佳的生育年龄是在大多数人的“青年危机”时，也是我们终于能租得起车的时候。
Yep. According to Lockwood, the ideal age to get pregnant is 25.
Lockwood表示，是的，最佳的生育年龄是25岁。
Unfortunately, says Dr. Lockwood, it’s also the age when motherhood is low on many women’s list of priorities. She explained in the Evening Standard:
Lockwood医生说，不幸的是，对很多25岁的女性来说，成为母亲并不在她们的优先任务清单上面。Lockwood医生在《伦敦标准晚报》上解释说：
“Age 25 is exactly the time when today’s young women have left university, are trying to get off on a good career, trying to pay back their student loans, trying to find someone who wants to have babies with them and trying to get on the housing ladder.”
“25岁的当代年轻女性刚刚大学 毕业 ，事业起步，忙于偿还助学贷款，找男朋友，努力买房。”
Dr. Lockwood also had some harsh words about fertility treatments being marketed as a viable option to women over 40. “The bleak reality is that the chance of IVF working with your own eggs once you are 40 is absolutely abysmal,” she said. “Would we let, yet alone encourage, patients to pay for an elective operation with a less than five percent chance of working?” While that may be Dr. Lockwood’s opinion, plenty of wannabe parents may be happy to take those chances.
Lockwood医生还批判了向40多岁女性推销不孕疗法的行为。“事实很残酷，如果你超过了40岁，用卵子进行体外受精的成功几率非常低，”她说。“谁会允许甚至鼓励病人做成功几率低于5%的择期手术?”这是Lockwood医生的观点，但仍有很多想要孩子的父母很愿意抓住这些机会。
It’s worth reiterating that there are so many factors that inform the choice to have kids and only you can decide when — and IF — you want to become a mother. Whether you choose to have kids at 20, 30, 40, or beyond; biologically, through a surrogate, or via adoption, always listen to your own body and make the decision that makes sense for your own life. You know what’s right for you.
特别强调的是，很多因素会影响要孩子的时间，只有你自己可以决定是否想成为一位母亲。不管你是在20岁、30岁、40岁甚至更大的年龄要孩子，是自己生、代孕还是收养，你都要听从自己的身体，做出对生活有意义的选择。你知道什么是最适合自己的。
s why more and more people are being active in various kinds of sports and exercises.
If people follow these three ways of keeping fit. Some practice shadowboxing and swordplay while others run. Every morning many people get up early and take much exercise.
First, block the flow of blood, and therefore should be given up, walk or dance to music. This strengthens the heart. They advise people to eat more fruit and vegetables and less meat such as beef and pork because meat contains more fat than poultry and fish.
Medical researchers have proved that what people eat affects their health, it is essential to do the following. Some play basketball or volleyball or table tennis? Different people may give different answers to this question. Unfortunately few people follow this advice. Through sports and exercise, people bee healthier and stronger;s health a great deal. Smoking and drinking alcohol injure one'. Fat can build up in the arteries. That'.
Getting rid of bad habits like *** oking and drinking alcohol is also an important way to keep healthy, reduces the chance of heart attack. Research shows that getting plenty of exercise make the heart beat faster and the lungs work harder. In my opinion, it is absolutely necessary to take some exercise every day, and cause a heart attack or stroke. In the afternoon, others go in for gymnastics or track events,there are also many people keen on sports, and helps lower blood pressureHow to Keep Healthy
Nowadays more and more people are concerned about their health. But how to keep healthy, they greatly improve their health, jog
All people in urban and rural areas will enjoy basic medical care and health services by increasing government responsibility and spending, we will also encourage greater participation of private capital from both home and abroad in the reform covers a wide range of subjects including insurance, drug manufacturing, distribution and supervision, and legislation of medical put into place basic medical and health care systems covering both urban and rural residents, and ensure that every resident has access to safe。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits. 令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。
有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。
人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price. 在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。
其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
The disturbing phenomenon has caused wide social concern. There are several underlying causes behind it. Nowadays, people tend to care more about their health and expect a longer life span, thus causing a boom in medical treatment. People are willing to spend more money on health care. Some hospitals take advantage of this and offer patients more unnecessary physical examinations in order to make more profits.
令人不安的现象引起了广泛的社会关注。有几个背后的原因。如今，人们更关心他们的健康，期望寿命更长，从而导致了医疗的繁荣。人们愿意花更多的钱在医疗保健上。一些医院利用这一优势，为患者提供更多不必要的体检，以使更多的利润。
In my view, it's high time that urgent measures should be taken to improve the present situation. First, doctors should live up to patients' expectations and put saving people's lives above anything else. Second, the authorities should shoulder its responsibility to ensure that hospitals provide people with high-quality medical care at a reasonable price.
在我看来，现在应该采取紧急措施来改善目前的形势了。首先，医生应该对病人的期望值，并把人的生命放在其他任何东西上面。其次，当局应承担起它的责任，确保医院为人民提供高质量的医疗服务，以合理的价格。
Campus Life 有关校园生活的英语作文
Early in senior high school, we longed to be enrolled in a university. Now the dream has e true. But how do we college students like our campus life?
Certainly, some relish it, finding it colorful and rewarding. Besides study, they spend considerable amount of time improving themselves in various aspect. Yet others do not think much of their college life, thus do not benefit as much. In their eyes, the university is just a bigger high school. The only difference is that they have more time at their disposal without parents looking over their shoulder.
As to me, college life is ideal if only I have abundant books to read, some bosom friends to keep me pany, a couple of conscientious professors to instruct me, and an easy access to the Inter.
范文二：
My station in university campus inch territory, breathes and feels a here freshness. The university life like this started. The life four years time already the picture got down certainly has run the line, you along this path endless long journey, the university time will say regarding me will be fresh, the biography first time was far away the hometown, trod studies the road. I to the university life am fuzzy, after investigates many times, everybody is o characters ----- is bored to the university life feeling, perhaps has that a reason! Three years high school life is such intense stimulates. Recollected also a little is afraid, facing high school's intense sprint, diligently was admitted to a school dream of the university, everybody is the like this struggle, assaults the dream. At the present, steps into the university campus, studies the life has had the bored feeling.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PRODUCTION PLANNING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF SURVEYING AND MAPPING PROJECTKEY WORDS: GIS,Design,Analysis,Application,Management,ProductionABSTRACT:With the development of photogrammetry and spatial information sciences, we have found many new methods to solve the technical problem in surveying and mapping project. But there is a little research on the project management. Traditional management method is plex and time-consuming. Now, we need use new technique to improve the management method for enhancing management level. Taking “National Western Surveying and Mapping Project on 1:50000 Topological Maps Blank Area” as an example, this paper focus on production planning management. The project is remarkable, not only the task and extent is tremendous, but also the staff and stuff are excessive. The Blank Area has atrocious weather and extreme hypsography. All of the conditions increase the project management difficulty. For reasonable planning and logical budget, we designed and realized a production planning management system to give the decision support to the managers. This paper studies the system'e69da5e6ba903233363533362s requirement *** ysis, system structure and function in . INTRODUCTIONNowadays, Geographical Information Systems(GIS) are powerful and useful as means of information, visualization and research tools(Quan Bao,2004). Most GIS sofare is more suited to providing limited types of output than as a tool to support, at anything other than a superficial level, tactical or strategic decision-making processes. To improve the usefulness of GIS as a decision support tool, o needs are apparent. First, decision-makers require methods that allow them to easily select alternatives across a number of relevant criteria. Second, it is necessary to explicitly recognize that most decision-making processes involve multiple participants. Since problem solving id often characterized by multiple and conflicting objectives, methods that contribute toward more a pletely aiding decision system are required.。
你好此类议论文，无论是命题作文还是材料作文，都是指对日常生活、工作、学习中反映出来的思想问题发表评论，或褒贬是非，或判断正误，或甄别优劣等。如：材料1：小新背双腿瘫痪的同学小牧到一公里外的学校上学。从小学一年级到现在高中一年级，一背就是6年1千多个日子。材料2：某杂志社做调查：“你对同学最赞赏的品质是什么？”调查结果，排在第一位的是“乐于助人”。材料3：某单位在一些青少年中作不记名的问卷调查：“你如果遇到别人碰上麻烦事时会怎样对待？”回答“悄悄走开”的人不少。读了上面的三则材料，很容易让人看出它们中包含着一个共同的话题——助人为乐。三则材料都来源于生活，都是生活中的实际问题与行为，都有其思想的基础。面对这种情形发表议论，就属于评论型议论文。围绕上述材料，河南的一考生这样写的：助人为乐应从自己做起这样一则调查让我感触很深：在青少年中，当被问及“最欣赏的品质”时，回答是“助人为乐”；而对如何对待他人的麻烦，却有不少回答是“悄悄走开”。要求别人提供帮助，自己却竭力逃避对别人的帮助，这种现象不能不引起人的反思。我认为，帮助别人是应由全社会共同承担的义务。对于我们每个人来说，助人为乐要从自身做起。首先，时代的进步要求我们具备助人为乐的品质。“乐善好施、助人为乐”的行为古已有之，她是中华民族的一项优良传统。……其次，“帮助人”与“被帮助”是相辅相成的。没有“帮助别人”这一前提，我们没有资格接受他人的帮助。有付出才能有收获，这是亘古不变的真理。……再次，“助人为乐”应从自己身边的小事做起。……综上所述，“助人为乐”是时代的召唤，“帮助人”是“被帮助”的前提。我们应从自身的小事做起，坚决克服“悄悄走开”的错误思想，作一名乐于助人、勇于助人的好青年！例文开头通过简洁地引用材料，点出社会生活中的一种奇怪的现象——希望得到别人的帮助而不愿意去帮助别人，接着从三个方面进行论证，最后得出一个结论。通过系统的评论，褒贬的情感很明显，是非曲直不言自明。在我们初中课本上也有两篇评论型议论文的典范作品，那就是吕叔湘先生的《论“基本属实”》和《“偃旗息鼓”和“圆满结束”》。这两篇短论，都是评论报纸用词不当。作者在读报过程中对某种语言现象产生了疑问，就记下来，经过细致地分析这一语言事实，作出了评论。有很强的针对性。写好评论型议论文，我们要注意四个方面：一、选好论题。写评论首先要确立评论的对象和目标。在现实生活中，问题和矛盾很多，在纷繁的表象中，通过自己敏锐的感觉以及对新事物、新问题的感受力和思考力，来选取有价值的论题，引起人们的重视。二、以小见大。在写评论时，要学会选材，要能从生活中的大事中选取一个小的突破口，经过分析、开掘，揭示其普遍的、深刻的含义，从而达到“小中见大”的效果。角度越小，评论起来越集中，力度和深度就越好，就越能进行深入细致地观察体验和高屋建瓴地思考分析，从而写出新意迭出的评论来。三、要有剖析和概括。评论的主要手段是议论，议论则应以剖析和概括为重点。只有剖析才能揭示事物、问题的内部与外部的联系；而概括则是透过现象看到本质，通过个别显示一般。这两者在文章中是相辅相成的。在剖析的过程中，根据对象或问题的实质，要中肯，还要一针见血，毫不留情，也要有推心置腹、设身处地的谈心，将议论深入到灵魂的深处。概括则要简洁明快。针对公共汽车上的“老弱病残孕专座”问题，对爱抢占的青年人所做的评论，大声棒喝的评论，则不如推心置腹的谈心来得有效果。四、短小精悍、活泼隽永。评论要写得短小精悍才容易阅读，也便于扩大影响。这就要求我们要更加用心地提炼思想，锤炼语言。在内容上和篇幅上都要精练。形式以灵活多样为主，不要有八股的老面孔，给人一种说教的姿态，这很容易让人产生反感的情绪，在轻松幽默中，通过生动活泼的语言，隽永的文字，从而打动读者才好。望采纳祝你好运
医学SCI论文的正确写作步骤一、 收集整理资料 资料要真实，资料的获取一定是作者亲自调查或进行实验所取得的第一手材料。而绝非虚构、伪造或“想当然”。论文中所有数据都要忠实于事实材料，必须经过反复验证，要有据可查，不能主观臆断、弄虚作假。所有数据都必须选择恰当的统计方法进行统计处理。计数资料用绝对数，率，百分比，OR值，标准误，可信限等，统计用条图，圆图，线图，分析用χ2检验；等级数据可用秩和，Ridit分析，统计用条图，圆图，分析用秩和检验，Ridit分析；计量数据用均数，中位数，标准差，标准误，百分位数，参考值，统计用直方图，分析用t检验，方差分析，相关与回归分析等；反应时间用年复发率，年生存率，中位生存时间等，统计用生存率曲线，生存率阶梯图，危险率图等，分析用专门的统计方法，即生存分析(survival analysis)。 二、 编写提纲 编写提纲是把医学论文结构、构思固定下来，它是完善构思，使构思条理化，周密化的一种有效的方法，当然你也可以打好腹稿。编写提纲的好处是你能确定你研究成果总的轮廓、逻辑顺序，可以让你清晰明了你所研究课题，不会造成论文混乱，甚或重复。文章结构应该清晰明了，对于大的主题，应该按各期刊要求加以划分小标题来层层说明。如果没有小标题，读者读起来很吃力，显的杂乱无章，这样的文章读者是不喜欢的。 三、 撰写成稿 初稿应一气呵成，而不要不时的回头去看前面写的是否满意。初学写论文的读者很容易不停的去往上看，是否字写错了，段落是否连贯等等。记住，这只是初稿，以后还要修改的，不时的回头看，会影响自己的思路。初稿完成后，仔细的从头读到尾。看有没有错别字，语法是否有问题。论文写好后还应反复修改，将可有可无的字、句，不必要的数据，甚至图表删除。注意有无文字与表或图的内容重复。最重要的就是是否说清楚了你研究的问题，拿起你写下的主题，看看是否跑题了。对于段落，要注意段落的构成是否单一，完整，段与段之间的衔接是否连贯，紧凑；对于句子，每个句子是否正确的表达了文章内容；对于用词看是否贴切，是否符合习惯用语；修改文章一定要看看文章是否合乎逻辑，合乎多数读者参考：查尔斯沃思论文润色贴士
医学论文写作五大要素医学论文是医学科学研究工作的文字记录和书面总结，是医学科学研究工作的重要组成部分, 也是取得学历、学位、晋升职称的必要条件 。医学论文一般分为药学论文,医学论文,临床医学论文。医学论文报道医学领域领先的科研成果;是医学科学研究工作者辛勤劳动的结晶，是人类医学科学发展和进步的动力。 从事医学科研究工作的同志，经常撰写医学论文，不仅可以扩大视野，掌握国内、外医学动态，而且能提高科研设计能力和研究能力，以及教学能力和业务水平。反过来，如果科研能力、业务水平及教学能力提高了，工作成绩显著，又能写出高质量的医学论文。论文一经发表，即被社会所承认，也是该项目取得科研成果的必要途径。 由此可知，医学论文像一面镜子一样，反映出一个国家、一个省、一个地区、一个单位的医学科学水平和工作风貌，更能反映出人才的多少和水平的高低。因此，如何撰写出高质量的医学论文是广大医务工作者应该掌握的基本技能，是摆在每个医务工作者面前的一个重要课题。为了提高大家的医学论文写作水平，本文重点介绍医学论文写作必备的五个方面。第一：思想性 医学论文是专业性、探索性很强的文章，它的基本任务是探索未知，具体讲就是提出问题、解决问题，即提出前人从未提出过的问题，解决前人没有解决的问题。 然而，医学论文同样要体现党和国家有关卫生工作的方针、政策，贯彻理论与实践、普及与提高相结合的方针，反映我国医学科学工作的重大进展，促进国内、外医学界的学术交流。 同时，在医学科学研究工作中，必须理论联系实际，运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的观点分析问题。要遵守国家法令，执行著作权法、保密和技术专利等有关规定。做到尊重科学，讲究道德，反对作假，反对剽窃。让医学技术工作面向经济建设，为国家经济建设服务。 因为在一定程度上讲，“文如其人”;所以，医务工作者有了好的思想才会有好的主题，有了好的主题才会有好的结论，最后才会有好的论文发表。第二：创新性 科学贵在创新，只有不断创新，人类社会才会进步，医学科学也不例外。 所谓“创”，是指医学论文所报道的主要科研成果是前人没有做过或没有发表的“发明”、“创造”，而不是重复别人的工作。 所谓“新”，是指医学论文所提供的信息是鲜为人知的，非公知公用，非模仿抄袭的，即指医学的研究性课题，包括基础医学、临床医学和医学边缘学科等三个领域。 此外，即所谓推广性课题研究：在此类研究当中，如果是模仿和重复他人课题或研究，应仿中有“创”、推陈出“新”。作者应在别人研究的基础上有自己的新见解，产生出一种新的理论或技术，只有在一定程度上创新，才会从新的角度反映出新的成就。如国家级重大科研课题的推广应用，以及老药新用，古方今用等项目，亦包括基础医学、临床医学和医学边缘学科等三个领域的推广应用性课题。第三：科学性 衡量医学论文水平的首要条件是论文的科学性。在评价医学论文时，主要看科研设计是否严密合理，方法是否正确，资料是否完整可靠，依据是否准确并符合统计学要求，结果是否科学严谨，结论是否妥当并有充分依据等等。 医学论文写作的科学性，具体包括“三严”和“五个体现”两个方面。 第一方面：撰写医学论文，必须贯彻“三严”精神。 众所周知，按医学论文来源分类：(1)、分为原著(包括论著、著术及短篇报道)和编著(包括教科书、参考书、专著、文献、综述、讲座、专题笔谈、专题讨论等)两类;(2)、按论文写作目的分类为：学术论文和学位论文两类;(3)、按医学学科及课题性质分为：基础医学、临床医学、预防医学 、康复医学等四类;(4)、按论文的研究内容分：实验研究论文、调查研究论文、实验研究论文、资料分析论文、经验体会论文五类;(5)、按论文的论述体裁分为：论著、文献、综述、述评、讲座、技术与方法、个案报告和医学科普论文等。所以，作者必须根据自己研究工作和研究资料的内容，选择相应体裁的论文表达形式。1、坚持严肃的态度：有一种观点认为“态度决定一切”。医学工作者只有思想端正，对待科学严肃认真，不夸大其词，不掺杂水份，才可能写出高质量的论文。2、坚持严谨的学风：如果没有严谨的学风，心浮气躁，沉入不到你所从事的研究当中去;或者被别的议论轻易改变自己的观点或实验过程，均难以得出正确的3、坚持严密的方法：每一项实验或者临床观察，均应有严密的计划和步骤。在应用严密的操作和相关的程序当中，更不允许随意更改自己的科研设计和论证。 所以，一篇好的医学论文诞生，既要有好的选题，好的设计，又要有具体的实施和认真的总结，作者必须把握好每一个环节，做到“严肃、严谨、严密”。有的人临时想写一篇论文，平时没有选题、没有设计、没有素材、更谈不上积累，怎么能临时写出论文呢?所以，医学论文来不得半点想当然、来不得半点虚假。撰写医学论文必须具有“五个体现”1、体现真实性 医学论文必须取材可靠，有原始资料和记录，实验结果务必忠于事实和主题，无夸大之处，更不能因实验数据与设计有出入而轻易改变程序和操作方法。当你做出的实验失败了，只要找出失败的真正原因，你同样可以总结出有价值的论文，同样可以发表。你的论文告诉后来的研究者，在此课题研究的某一个方面上道路不通;它的意义也就是为后来的研究者节约了大量的人力、物力以及宝贵的时间。2、体现再现性 医学论文报道临床或实验观察所得出的结论，其所采用的实验对象、实验方法、实验器材和实验步骤，以及得出的结果，都必须经得起他人在任何时间、任何地点、相同条件下的重复，并能得出相同的结果。 例如，我国有的医学论文虽然发表了，但别人重复不出你论文当中的结果，这样的医学论文没有任何价值。再如，我国医学工作者的医学论文寄到国外医学杂志发表时，其杂志社均有严格的审编过程，必要时有相应的机构再现你的论文结果，考察其可靠程度，然后再根据情况决定是否发表。3、体现准确性 医学论文中，数据必须准确，必须反复探讨，特别是统计学处理。例如：有的论文作者演算数据错误，编辑也未严格把关，不知不觉中统计学出了差错，文章虽然发表了;但最后在评职称中，错误被评审的专家核查出来了，当事人未能晋升上职称还不知是什么原因，这样的教训值得引起大家注意和重视。 另外，论文中的引文，必须是作者亲自阅读的文献资料，引用一定要准确，引文用词必须规范，术语必须准确;自己的论文推导出来的结论必须合乎逻辑，表达准确。因此，在你的论文完成之前，那怕是一个标点、一个字符、一个数据你都必须核对得准确无误。4、体现逻辑性 我们写作医学论文，必须结构严谨，层次清楚，概念明确，判断恰当，推理合乎逻辑。不能概念不清，判断不当，更不能证据不足，论证不力，导致观点不明。 目前，对医学论文的格式要求各家杂志社不尽相同;因此，作者在写作前，必须参阅你想投稿的医学期刊，每一种期刊都有它相应《投稿须知》或《稿约》。通常情况下，以中华系列杂志的《稿约》要求为标准，从文题、署名、摘要(目的、方法、结果、结论)主题词、正文、参考文献等多个方面把握全篇。5、体现公开性医学论文的作者要客观真实地评价自己和他人的研究成果，切忌片面性和说过头话。对临床实验结果要如实所映，不能任意取舍，不摒弃偶然现象。例如：某人做一项临床研究，对200例病人进行药物疗效观察，结果只有50例有效，有效率为25%;而作者若舍弃100例无效病例，只报道100例，仍保留50例有效，会导致有效率为50%的错误结果。 此外，我们引用他人科研成果或文献资料时，必须亲自查阅，注明出处，以示对作者的尊重和公正。第四：实用性 医学论文发表后，对人类医学事业具有使用价值，是一种社会承认的劳动。发表论文最终目的就是给同行参阅，效仿使用，推动医学事业的向前发展。如读者用了你的论文中提供的方法，则必然有效，能取得良好的社会和经济效益。 从现代需要的观点出发，医学论文有的能解决防病治病的实际问题，具有实用价值;有的着眼示来，能促进医学科学技术的发展，具有较高的理论价值和社会价值。 如果一篇医学论文内容空洞，言之无物，不仅谈不上发表，更谈不上它存在的价值;即使这样的论文侥幸发表了，别人一看就知道没有水准，一看就知道是关系稿、凑数稿，更经不住时间和实践的检验，将对作者、编者、以及该医学期刊都是一个不少的负面影响。第五：可读性 撰写医学论文是为了交流、传播，存储新的医学信息，让他人用较少的时间和脑力就能顺利阅读，以解论文的内容和实质。这不仅要求论文结构严谨，层次清楚，用词准确;而且要求论文语言通顺，文风清新，可读性强。 一般我们在阅读时，首先会参阅论文的摘要。摘要一般在300~500字之间，英文摘要则相对具体些(600个实词左右)，内容包括目的、方法、结果、结论四个部分，它是全篇内容的高度浓缩和提炼;也是整个论文的精髓和灵魂。读者只有在参阅论文摘要，确定其价值后，才会更进一步去参阅详细的内容，再去进一步去应用，所以摘要与正文同样重要。如为论著虽标引2~5个主题词。 正文语句结构多以主谓宾句为主，是一个有血有肉的实体;同时，必须让读者感受到文章的脉搏和灵气，体会到论文的思想和主题，有很强的可读性。 正文中的医学名词，以1989年科学出版社出版的《医学名词》为标准。药物名称应使用1995年版药典(法定药物)，英文药物名称则采用国际非专利药名，不用商品名。计量单位必须是1991年中华医学会编辑出版的《法定计量单位在医学上的应用》一书为蓝本。数字执行GB/T15835-1995《关于出版物上数字用法的规定》。统计学符号按GB3358-82《统计学名词及符号》的有关规定书写。文中缩略语尽量少用。参考文献， 按BG7714-87《文后参考文献著录规则》，采用顺序编码制著录。 综上所述，以上“五大要素”是我们撰写医学论文的基本要求，也是我们撰写医学论文的核心要素。总之，撰写医学论文时，我们必须客观地、真实地反映事物的本质，反映事物的内部规律，完成从感性认识到理性认识的过程，尽量反映我国医学科研工作的重大进展，促进国内外医学界学术交流。真正做一个发现医学真理、检验医学真理、实践医学真理、证实医学真理和发展医学真理的人。补充：医学论文的基本格式及写作方法(一)标题(title)标题要求：1.阐述具体、用语简洁：一般不超过20个字。2.文题相称、确切鲜明：标题体现内容，内容说明标题。3.重点突出、主题明确：突出论文主题，高度概括，一目了然。不足以概括论文内容时，可加副标题(破折号、括号或加序码)。(二)作者署名(author)1.作者署名的意义(1)明确论文责任：文责自负(2)获得应有的荣誉：载入科技发展的史册(3)文献检索的需要：著者检索(4)明确著作权：人身权和财产权2.作者署名的原则署名的个人作者，只限于选定研究课题和制定研究方案，直接参加全部或主要部分研究工作并做出贡献，以及参加撰写论文并对内容负责的人。(GB7713-87《科学技术报告、学位论文和学术论文的编写格式》)3.作者署名的要求(1)分为集体署名和个人署名。(2)第一作者应是论文课题的创意者、设计者、执行者，是论文的执笔者。(3)多人合写时，主在前，次在后;多单位合写时，用脚注标明。(4)作者人数不易过多，一般不超过6人。(5)指导、协作、审阅者可列入致谢中。医学论文网(三)摘要(abstract)1.摘要内容和格式一般格式：(1)目的(objective)：说明论文要解决的问题及其起源、由来。(2)方法(methods)：说明研究时间、参加完成研究的患者或受试者的人数和研究的主要方法。(3)结果(results)：说明研究内容中主要结果，包括数据和统计学检验结果。(4)结论(conclusions)：说明主要结论，包括直接的临床应用。其它格式(1)目的(objective, purpose, aim, background)：论文要解决的问题及其起源、由来、研究背景。(2)设计(design)：论文基本研究设计。(3)地点(setting)：研究地点、单位、等级。(4)对象(subjects, patients)：论文研究的时间、参加完成研究的患者或受试者的人数和研究的主要方法。(5)处理(intervention)：论文的临床治疗和其它处理方法。(6)检测(measures)：论文为评定结果而进行的主要测试项目。(7)结果(results)：说明研究内容中主要结果和数据。(8)结论(conclusions)：说明主要结论，包括直接的临床应用。2.摘要的写作要求(1)连续写出，不分段落，不加小标题，不举例证。(2)格式规范化。(3)简短、完整，一般占全文文字的10%左右。(4)文字性资料，不用图、表、化学结构式。(5)内容基本一致的英文摘要。(四)关键词(key words)关键词是表达科技文献的要素特征，是具有实际意义的词或词组。主题词是规范化的关键词，关键词是具有灵活性和广泛性的自由语言。现阶段关键词和主题词都作为检索语言使用。由于关键词是自然语言，同义词、近义词、多意词未统一，造成检索误差，故目前多采用从医学主题词表(MeSH)中选择。1.关键词格式3-8个词或词组，之间空一格书写，不加标点符号。外文字符之间可加逗号，除专有名词的字首外，余均小写。2.选择关键词的方法(1)可从标题、摘要和全文内容中选择，以从标题中选择最常用。(2)要严格筛选，充分、准确、全面地反映文章的中心内容。(3)查阅医学主题词表确认。(五)引言(introduction)1.引言的基本内容(1)简要叙述研究此项工作的起因和目的(2)研究此项工作的历史背景(3)国内外对研究此项工作的研究现状和研究动态(4)强调此项工作的重要性、必要性和研究意义(5)适当说明研究此项工作的时间、材料和方法2.引言的写作要求(1)简明扼要，重点突出：一般为200-500字，约占全文的1/8-1/10。(2)实事求是、客观评价：不能蓄意贬低前人，切忌妄下断言。(3)少用套话：水平如何，自有共论。(4)勿与摘要相同，避免与正文重复：不涉及结果或结论。(5)一般不写“引言”字样标题。(六)材料与方法(materials and methods)1.材料与方法的主要内容(1)实验对象：①动物：名称、品种、数量、来源、年龄、性别、分组标准与方法。②微生物或细胞：种、型、株、系、培养条件和实验室条件。③临床病例：来源、数量、性别、年龄、病因、病程、病理诊断、分型标准、选择标准。(2)实验仪器：仪器设备名称、生产厂家、型号、操作方法、改进之点。(3)实验材料：药品和试剂的名称、成份、规格、纯度、来源、出厂时间、批号、浓度、剂量、给药方法、途径、用药总量。(4)实验方法与条件：①临床病例：观察方法、指标、治疗方法、药物名称、剂量、使用方法、疗程。②手术与标本：手术名称、术式、麻醉方法、标本制备过程。③实验室：实验与记录手段、观察步骤、指标、注意事项、方法改进及依据。(5)统计学方法：(七)结果(results)结果是论文价值所在，是研究成果的结晶。全文的结论由此得出，讨论由此引发，判断推理和建议由此导出。1.结果的内容(1)数据：不用原始数据，要经统计学处理。(2)图表：用于显示规律性和对比性。(3)照片：能形象客观地表达研究结果。(4)文字：对数据、图表、照片加以说明。2.结果的写作要求(1)按实验所得到的事实材料进行安排，可分段、分节，可加小标题。(2)解释客观结果，不要外加作者的评价、分析和推理。(3)结果要真实性，不可将不符合主观设想的数据或其它结果随意删除。(4)因图表和照片所占篇幅较大，能用文字说明的问题，尽可能少用或不用图表或照片。(八)讨论(discussion)讨论是论文的重要主体部分，是作者对所进行的研究中所得到的资料进行归纳、概括和探讨，提出自己的见解，评价其意义。(1)对实验观察过程中各种数据或现象的理论分析和解释。(2)评估自己结果的正确性和可靠性，与他人结果比较异同，并解释其原因。(3)实验结果的理论意义及对实践的指导作用和应用价值。(4)作用机制或变化规律的探讨。(5)同类课题国内外研究动态及与本文的关系。
一份精彩的论文，必须要有一个好的题目，因此我为你们精心挑选了论文的选题，仅供参考!
扬州大学毕业论文撰写要求
毕业论文要求：
具有科学性、实用性和创新性，能反映当前基础教育改革的新思想、新观念、新措施和新机制，有理论，有实践，力求文字精炼、通畅，观点鲜明，重点突出。字数5000字以上。
打印格式与完成时间
一律采用A4纸打印。
标题用三号黑体字居中
标题下用四号楷体字注明单位和学员姓名
正文一律用五号宋体字。
小学教育专业学生毕业论文参考选题
一、关于教育体制与发展研究
1、 中国传统文化对小学教育思想、观念的影响及与小学教育现代化关系研究
2、 国际小学教育阶段母语教学改革的趋势
3、 小学新课程实施现状分析与完善的研究
二、关于课程与教学改革研究
1、新课程改革背景下小学校本课程开发的问题与建议
2、新课改下小学教科研现状及思考
3、开展小学语文综合性学习的基本策略和有效途径
4、小学语文课程资源开发与利用中存在的问题与对策
5、小语教学与学生自主、合作、探究能力的培养
6、当代小学生学习特点研究
7、小学生学习类型及分类指导研究
8、小学生语文(数学)学习困难的成因、预防及矫治研究
9、小学数学研究性学习的方法、模式、途径及评价的研究
10、小学生课外学习指导研究
11、小学数学教学中培养学生解决实际问题能力研究
12、小学数学(语文)合作教学模式研究
13、小学作文教学走向生活的研究
14、小学数学课堂教学设计的优化研究
15、新课程理念下小学师生关系的研究
16、创造性使用小学新教材的策略研究
17、自主学习与小学生创新能力的培养研究
18、小学生人文素质培养研究
19、小学数学(语文)教学中创造思维能力的培养
20、小学数学教学中逻辑思维能力的培养
21、小学数学教学中直觉思维能力的培养
22、小学数学(语文)教学中的合作学习
23、小学数学教学中的探究学习
24、小学数学教学中的练习设计
25、小学数学(语文)教学中的情境设计
26、小学数学中概念的教学
24、小学数学中计算的教学
25、小学数学中空间与图形的教学
26、小学数学中统计与概率的教学
28、小学数学中实践与综合应用的教学
29、小学数学(语文)教学中情感的教学
30、小学数学思想方法的教学
31、小学数学课堂教学的策略
32、小学数学课堂教学的模式
33、小学生数学语言教学的研究
34、小学生数学学习评价的研究
35、小学生数学学习兴趣的调查研究
36、小学数学教学中培养学生的健康心理
37、小学数学教学中培养学生的实践能力
38、现代教育理论对小学数学教学的启示
三、关于教师成长研究
1、在新课改中促进小学教师专业化发展
2、新课改呼唤教师间的合作
3、小学教师继续教育有效方式、方法研究
4、构建富有特色的小学教师文化研究
5、名优小学教师品质特征及培养途径的研究
6、关注小学教师个人需要，促进其自主发展对策研究
7、科研型小学教师的心理品质及“研究型”小学教师的培养研究
8、培养小学教师反思能力的方法与途径研究
四、关于班主任工作研究
1、新形势下小学班集体建设研究
2、现代小学班主任的工作艺术、方法及专业化发展的研究
3、优秀小学班主任工作个案和工作规律的探索与研究
4、小学班级活动创新思考
五、关于校园文化建设研究
1、小学校园文化建设研究
2、浅论小学校园文化建设的德育功能
3、浅论小学校园文化建设的心育功能
六、关于德育与心育研究
1、小学生劳动教育的现状、问题及对策
2、小学心理健康教育方法途径研究
3、小学教师素质与学生心理健康教育的研究
4、小学生心理素质的培养及测评研究
5、小学生养成教育现状、问题及对策研究
6、学校、家庭和社区的“德育一体化”实践研究
7、小学学科教学中渗透德育的操作策略研究
8、小学生心理素质的发展与学业成就的关系研究
七、关于其他各类教育研究
1、科技教育与小学生自主创新能力培养研究
2、小学学科教学渗透科技教育研究
3、小学艺术教育校本课程开发的研究
4、通过艺术教育培养小学生审美能力的研究
八、关于学校与社会、家庭教育互动研究
1、学校、社会、家庭形成良性互动教育机制的研究
2、如何开发和利用家长教育资源的研究
3、影响小学生健康成长社会因素的研究
4、成功家庭教育的个案研究
九、关于教育信息化研究
1、小学学科教学与现代信息技术整合研究
2、网络环境下小学教与学模式的研究
3、信息技术在小学教育中应用的有效性研究
十、关于教育评价研究
1、关于小学语文(数学)教学评价的思考
2、小学生个性发展评价研究
3、小学生成长记录袋的应用研究
4、小学综合实践课的评价研究
5、创新教育评价研究
小学教育专业毕业论文题目(参考)
序号 论文题目
1 浅谈中小学教师专业化及其发展
2 福建小学地方性课程中加入方言文化课的构想 3 教师教学风格对小学生学习习惯形成的影响 4 厦门市家校合作的现状、问题及对策
5 新课程背景下的文本解读
6 浅谈小学“学困生”自我效能感的培养 7 美国小学教师教育的基本特点及启示
8 小学习作评改的策略研究
9 研究性学习在小学科学教学中应用现状的分析及其启示 10 中美小学教育本科专业课程设置的比较及启示 11 浅谈如何提高小学教师的审美素质
12 信息技术与小学课程整和的问题与对策
13 集美大学小学教育专业学生科学素养的调查研究 14 试论小学生学习习惯的发展特点及其培养
15 当前语文课堂评价的误区与矫正
16 不同家庭结构对儿童个性的影响
17 教学中批判性思维及其培养策略研究
18 女大学生心理健康现状及其相关因素研究
19 网络成瘾对儿童心理发展的影响
20 小学习作教学存在的主要问题及对策初探
21 试论家庭教育在小学生自我意识发展中的作用 22 浅谈新课标理念下的课堂教学改革
23 教师教学风格对小学生个性形成的影响
24 关于小学教育专业本科生职业认同感调查研究 25 当前家庭教育的不足对小学生心理健康的影响 26 小学生口语交际能力的培养策略初探 27 新课改背景下的阅读教学误区初探
28 浅析中国现代母亲教育
29 关于课堂提问以学生为主体问题的思考 30 传统个别化教学与网络个别化教学之比较
31 福建小学教育专业本科毕业班学生职业意识初探 32 厦门市小学生课余培训调查研究
33 研究型教师的成长策略
34 浅谈小学口语交际课堂教学的策略
35 小学数学“实践与综合应用”教学的问题及对策 36 台湾“感恩教育”教学范例阐析
37 运用现代教育技术优化小学课堂教学 38 小学数学课堂情境教学探究
39 浅析当前教师评价体制
40 在数学教学中加强情感教学的策略
41 小学教师教学语言现状调查与分析
42 重塑当代大学生的人文精神
43 浅谈小学生良好阅读习惯的培养
44 论推广少儿经典教育的必要性和成败关键
45 放飞语文课堂 开辟求知天地
46 “任务驱动型”口语交际教学模式的构建
47 中国画与西方绘画的造型之比较
48 小学生信息素养的培养
49 中美小学教育专业本科培养目标的比较分析与启示
50 台湾电视节目对大陆中小学生的影响及其对策研究——以厦门市翔安区为例
51 小学课堂教学中运用新模式存在的问题及对策
52 小学语文综合性学习的误区初探
53 厦门市民办小学现状调查与研究
54 新课程背景下讨论法的探索
55 关于小学生视野中优秀教师的调查研究
56 小学教师“随班就读”教育教学能力的研究
57 感悟：词义教学的新策略
58 中日生存教育的比较及思考
59 小学科学教学中“有结构材料”的研究
60 大学生团体心理咨询内容分类研究
61 小学数学教学中游戏的应用与设计
62 农村小学开设科技活动课的初步研究——以福建省武夷山地区为例
63 21世纪中小学健康教育新思考
64 新时期小学班级管理的策略初探
65 小学数学概念教学存在的问题及对策
66 小学古诗教学要加强审美教育
67 信息时代小学美术教学的策略
68 浅谈小学科学课科学探究活动的现状和策略
69 关于小学口算教学的几点思考
70 台湾小学教师教育的优势及其启示
71 小学数学生成性课堂资源的开发和利用
72 小学生家庭作业布置的误区及改进策略的研究
73 信息技术条件下小学生探究学习能力的培养
74 小学数学课堂情境创设的误区及对策
75 小学生数学建模能力培养策略
76 教育信息化环境下教师角色的转变
77 试论当前小学的科普教育
78 小学生课外阅读策略探究
79 试论小学古诗教学中的情感教育
80 试论金庸武侠小说对小学生的影响
81 浅谈互联网对中小学生德育教育的影响
82 高等数学思想方法的形成和发展及其教育功能——高等数学思想方法提升小学教师素质之见
83 “概率统计思想”教育对培养小学生数学能力的影响
84 小学教育专业教育实习存在问题与解决对策探讨
85 海峡两岸小学段“统计与概率”的比较研究
86 生命教育呼唤对话教育
87 关于小学校园安全教育问题的若干思考
88 Authorware和PowerPoint的比较
89 教师在小学习作教学中的角色浅析
90 厦门市小学英语教师教学能力调查研究
91 电子档案袋在小学评价中的应用
92 浅析小学生收集和处理信息能力培养
93 大学生主观幸福感现状调查及相关因素研究
94 传统教学与网络教学的比较研究
95 浅谈档案袋评价在小学英语教学中的应用
96 高等教育质量观述评
97 学校管理中决策的民主化和科学化研究
98 初探新课改下的家庭教育与小学生厌学的关系
99 小学语文教师“口语交际”课专业素养问题初探
Chinese Holidays and Festivals Post By：2008-12-2 19:55:05 As well known, different countries have different customs and cultures. With the development of China, it has a rich and unique culture. The holidays and festivals in China are quite different from those in other countries. We have many traditional holidays and festivals. In addition, people in different areas also have their own local Year —元旦It falls on the first day of the year. It marks the beginning of a year. People will plan what to do in the new year. Because they believe that the whole year's work depends on a good start in Festival —春节Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. It is on the first day of the first lunar month(阴历正月). On the eve of the festival, people will paste spring poems(贴春联)with lucky words. They prepare delicious food, dumpling is a must. They also clean their house, but there is no sweeping on spring festival for people think it will sweep away good luck. People often come back home to enjoy family reunion, the whole family will get together for the big dinner. They also exchange greeting with other friends and Festival 元宵节It comes on the 15th of the first lunar month and it marks the end of the Spring Festival. On this day, people often eat sweet dumplings（元宵）for good luck. They will visit the display of lanterns(灯展)or go to temple fair(庙会)Qingming 清明节Qingming —It is also called Tomb-Sweeping Day. It falls on April 4th or 5th . That is a special day for the living to show love and respect to their dead friends or relatives. People often go to sweep the tomb and put the meat, wine in front of the tomb. One interesting thing is that people burn the paper money for the dead. Dragon Boat Festival 端午节This day is on the fifth of the fifth lunar month, People often get together to watch the wonderful “Dragon Boat Race”(龙舟大赛)，Rice Dumpling(粽子) is a must on Dragon Boat Festival. People eat Rice Dumpling in memory of the famous poet-屈原who died on this day many years Day —中秋It comes on the 15th of the eighth lunar month. People often gaze at the “Lady in the moon”(嫦娥) and eat moon cakes. The Mid-autumn Day also means harvest
泰哥，我给你找了几个，必须采纳啊！ To Pull up the Seedlings to Help Them Grow “拔苗助长” Once upon a time, there was an old farmer who planted a plot of rice. After he planted the seedlings, every day he went to the field to watch the seedlings grow. He saw the young shoots break through the soil and grow taller each day, but still, he thought they were growing too slowly. Eventually he got impatient with the young plants and suddenly he hit upon an idea that one by one, he pulled up the young plants by half an inch. The next early morning, the young man couldn’t wait to check his “achievement”, but he was heart-broken to see all the pulled-up young plants dying. 从前，有个农夫，种了稻苗（seedlings）后，便希望能早早收成。每天他到稻田时，都发觉那些稻苗长得非常慢。他等得很不耐烦。想了又想，他终于想到一个“最佳方法”，他将稻苗全都拔高了几分。第二天，一早起身，他迫不及待地去稻田看他的“成果”。 哪知，却看到所有的稻苗都枯萎了。Plugging One’s Ears While Stealing a Bell “掩耳盗铃” Once upon a time, there was a man who wanted to steal his neighbor’s doorbell. However, he knew clearly that the bell would ring and catch the other people’s attention as long as he touched the bell. So he thought hard and suddenly hit on a clever “idea”. He plugged his ears with something, thinking that everything would go well when he stole the bell. Unfortunately to his disappointment, the bell still rang loudly and he was caught on the spot as a thief. 从前，有一个人想偷邻居门上的铃，但是他知道一碰到铃，铃就会响起来，被人发现。他想啊想，终于他想出一个“妙极”，他把自己的耳朵用东西塞起来，就听不见铃声了。但是当他去偷铃时，铃声仍旧响起来，他被别人当场抓住The Fox and the Crow “狐狸和乌鸦” One day a crow stood on a branch near his nest and felt very happy with the meat in his mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crow’s beautiful voice, the crow felt flattered and opened his mouth to sing. As soon as the meat fell down to the ground, the fox took the meat and went into his hole. 有一天,一只乌鸦站在窝旁的树枝上嘴里叼着一片肉，心里非常高兴。这时候，一只狐狸看见了乌鸦，馋得直流口水，非常想得到那片肉。但是，无论狐狸说什么，乌鸦就是不理睬狐狸。最后，狐狸赞美乌鸦的嗓音最优美，并要求乌鸦唱几句让他欣赏欣赏。乌鸦听了狐狸赞美的话，得意极了，就唱起歌来。没想到，肉一掉下来，狐狸就叼起肉，钻回了洞Draw a Snake and Add Feet to It “画蛇添足” Long long ago, several people had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were still busy drawing, so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, "Who has ever seen a snake with feet?” The story of "Draw a snake and add feet to It.” tells us going too far is as bad as not going far enough. 古时几个人分一壶酒。他们都想独自喝完那壶酒，所以就定了一个规矩：每人在地上画一条蛇，谁画得最快，这壶酒就归谁。有一个人很快就把蛇画好了。他正打算喝这壶酒时，看见别人都还在忙着画，就决定给蛇再画上几只脚。结果，他的蛇脚还没加完，另一个人已经把蛇画好了。那人一下把酒壶夺了过去，说：“有谁见过长脚的蛇？”。这个故事告诉我们这样的道理：做得过分和做得不够都是不对的
随着科学技术的飞速发展和全球化进程的不断加快，科普 文章 在向社会大众普及科学技术知识，提高公众科学素养等方面发挥着举足轻重的作用。下面是我带来的科普类英语文章，欢迎阅读!
科普类英语文章
生物与环境平衡的危机
The history of life on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only in the present century has one species man acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.
During the past quarter century this power has not only become increasingly great but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world the very nature of its life. Chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknown harm on those who drink from once pure wells. "Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation," as a scientist has said.
It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth. Given time not in years but in millennia life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. But in the modern world there is no time.
The rapidity of change follows the impetuous pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering with the atom. The chemicals are the synthetic5 creations of man’s inventive mind, having no counterparts in nature.
To adjust to these chemicals would require not merely the years of a man’s life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid 1940’s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, and other organisms described as "pests."
It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. I contend, furthermore, that we have allowed these chemicals to be used with little or no advance investigation of their effect on soil, water, wildlife, and man himself. Future generations are unlikely to forgive our lack of concern for the integrity of the natural world that supports all life.
地球上生命的历史一直就是一部生物与其环境相互作用的历史。在很大程度上，地球上动植物的形态以及习性都是由外部环境所塑造的。考虑到地球上生命存在的整个时间，相反作用，即生命对其周围环境的实际改变作用，却相对很小。只有在当前这个世纪(指20世纪)才有一个物种--人类，获得了强大的力量，改变了其所生存的世界的自然状态。
在过去的1/4世纪中，这种力量不仅日趋强大，而且其性质也发生了变化。在人类破坏环境的种种行为中，最令人担忧的是人类向大气、土壤、河流以及海洋中排放危险甚至致命物质，而当今这种污染在很大程度上是无法挽救的。在当今这种对环境的普遍污染中，化学制品与辐射狼狈为奸，改变着地球的自然状态，也就是改变着地球上生命的自然状态。喷洒到农田、森林或者花园里的化学物质长期滞留于土壤中，渗入有机体内，并彼此相传，形成了一个中毒与死亡的链条。化学物质还神秘地通过地下水传递，最终以新的形式出现并结合，使植物毒死，牲畜害病，并使饮用一度纯净的井水的人遭受了不明之害。正如一位科学家所言：“人类甚至对自己创造的恶魔都不认识。”
地球历经了许多亿年才创造了栖息其上的生命。经过了一定时间--不是以若干年计而是以若干千年计的时间--生命开始适应环境，并形成了一种与环境的平衡。但是在现代世界中，时间这一因素已经没有了。
环境改变的速度不再顺从大自然从容不迫的节奏，而是顺从人类急切匆匆的步伐。辐射是当今人类通过支配原子而得到的一种非自然的创造物。化学制品则是人类有发明创造力的头脑创造出来的合成物，在自然界本无相应的东西。
为了适应这些化学制品，人类需要付出的时间不会只是一个人一生的时间，而是几代人的时间。而即使这样，就算出现奇迹成为可能，这种适应也是徒劳的，因为新的化学制品从我们的实验室中源源不断地涌出。仅在美国，每年就有大约500种化学制品投入使用，其中许多是用于人类对自然的战争中。从20世纪40年代中期起，人类已经创造了200多种基本化学制品用来消灭昆虫、野草以及其他所谓的“有害生物”。
我不是说人类决不能使用化学杀虫剂。我要说的是，我们不分青红皂白地将这些有毒的、具有强大生物功能的化学制品，交给了那些对这些制品的潜在危害基本上或者完全无知的人去使用。我们使众多的人接触这些有毒物质，却没有征得他们的同意，并常常将他们蒙在鼓中。我还要说的一点是，我们允许使用这些化学制品，却事先很少或者根本没有调查它们对土壤、水、野生生物以及人类自身造成的影响。我们缺乏对万物赖以生存的自然界生态统一的关心，对此，我们的后代是不可能原谅的。
科普类英语文章
基因技术能否使人更聪明?Get Smart
Many people dream of having a smarter brain. Princeton neurobiologist Joseph Z. Tsien found the key. In September he announced that he’d built a better mouse by altering a gene that affects learning and memory. A similar process of gene manipulation might conceivably be used one day to boost intelligence in humans.
The secret lies in a feature of brain cells called the nmda receptor, which Tsien likens[1] to a cylindrical tube or window that mediates[2] the flow of information. When the window is open, chemicals called neurotransmitters flow through easily and memory is registered and stored. But as organisms mature, the window begins to close. (This may explain why children lose their facility for learning new languages when they reach sexual maturity and why some people suffer memory loss as they age.)
Tsien noticed that the receptor worked more efficiently when teamed[3] with the gene NR2B, so he introduced extra NR2B genes into a batch of fertilized mouse eggs. In a normal mouse, the memory window is open for just 150-thousandths of a second. In Tsien’s specially engineered mice, the window opens for 250-thousandths of a second, long enough to make a remarkable difference in memory retention. When he pitted[4] his mice against common mice, they won paws down. Ordinary mice could recognize a Lego block for 12 hours, but smart mice could remember the block for up to three days. "That’s a profound enhancement," Tsien says.
Can it be done with humans? Maybe, but genetic engineering will have to make some extraordinary advances first. And some thorny ethical issues will have to be resolved. Meanwhile, Tsien promises to keep his furry little geniuses locked up in a lab, far from your larder. "Otherwise," he says, "you might need a smart cat or a smart mousetrap to catch them."
许多人都希望自己能变成更聪明。普林斯顿神经生物学家Joseph Z. Tsien就找到了这把开启智慧之门的钥匙：他于九月宣布，通过改变影响学习和记忆能力的基因培养出了一只聪明的老鼠。类似的基因处理技术有望在未来日子里运用到人脑，以推动人类智慧的飞跃。
该技术的奥秘就在于名为nmda感受器的脑细胞的功能。Tsien将其比作一个传递信息流的圆柱通道或窗口。当窗口开放时，某种称为神经传递素的化学物质就能轻易流过，记忆因此登记并存储了下来。然而，当器官成熟时，这扇窗口就开始关闭。(这也能解释为何 儿童 长大后(性器官成熟之时)会失去掌握新语言的能力，以及为何某些人年老时会患失忆)。
Tsien注意到，当感受器与名为NR2B的基因协作时效率会更高。因此，他将NR2B基因植入一批老鼠的受精卵中。一只普通老鼠的记忆之窗仅开放千分之150秒。而经Tsien植入基因的老鼠，记忆之窗能开放千分之250秒，这已经能够使其 记忆力 发生惊人的改变。当他让自己的老鼠与普通老鼠互斗时，它们竟能轻而易举地取胜。普通老鼠能够保留关于Lego block的记忆12小时，而聪明的老鼠居然能将记忆保持三天。“这可是一个意义深远的进步。”Tsien这样说。
那么，人类也能接受这种基因移植吗? 或许可以，但前提是基因工程得首先做出非凡的成就，还必须解决一系列棘手的伦理问题。Tsien保证他一定会将那些披着毛皮的小天才锁入实验室，远离人们的食品柜。“否则，”他说，“为了捉住他们，人们就不得不去寻找更聪明的猫或者功能更强的捕鼠器了。”
科普类英语文章
食用转基因食品安全吗?Food Safe To Eat?
Traditional plant breeding involve s crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross example，disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed with high-yield wheat to combine these type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predictable.
Genetic engineering(GE)involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes with each can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species―― scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into is possible that a scorpion toxin gene，even when it is in maize DNA，will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin――but what other effects may it have in this alien environment?We are already seeing this problem――adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow――but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed，which was entirely unpredictable.
It will be obvious，for example，that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA――but what side-effect would it have?In other words，is GM food safe to eat?The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.
Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety ’s soya beans were apparently fed to fish for10weeks before being was no requirement for independent testing，for long-term testing，for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.
The current position of the UK Government is that“ There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.”In the US，the American Food and Drug Administration is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods.
传统的植物培育 方法 ，是依照植物自然杂交的方式，进行相同物种的人工杂交。比如，抗病小麦同高产小麦杂交，形成了一种具有双重特性的新的小麦品种。这种自然的基因交换既安全，又具有相当的可预见性。
基因工程是在彼此毫无关系的物种之间，相互交换在自然条件下无法交换的基因。它可在有巨大差异的物种之间进行基因交换。比如，将蝎子毒素基因注入玉米，或者将鱼防冻基因注入西红柿。即使在玉米DNA中，蝎子毒素基因依然可能获得有机组织产生蝎子毒素。但是在这种异质的环境中，这种基因产品会有什么其他作用吗?我们实际上已经发现这个问题：将人类生长荷尔蒙基因植入猪的体内，一定会使猪的生长加速，但是同时也使猪患上了关节炎和内斜视，而这一切是完全无法预测的。
打个比方，人类的智力基因显而易见在人体DNA内和注入卷心菜DNA后的作用是不同的。但将它植入卷心菜中会产生什么样的副作用呢?换句话说，食用转基因食品安全吗?没有人知道答案，因为人们尚未进行长期的测试。
在英国或者美国，一个公司如果希望其转基因产品获得批准，它必须向管理机构提供本公司转基因产品安全测试的结果。Monsanto的大豆在获得批准之前，曾用了10周时间进行喂鱼试验。目前，尚无要求对转基因产品进行独立测试、长期测试、人体测试，或者就其对儿童及过敏者所造成的特定危险进行测试。
英国政府目前的态度是：“尚无证据表明食用转基因食品存在长期性的危险。”在美国，人们正在起诉美国食品药品管理局掩盖转基因食品安全性的研究结果，这些研究结果表明，食用转基因食品可能导致危险。
Scientistsdiscoveredthat"junkDNA,"thebasepairsbetweenknowngenesinthehumangeneticstructure,.:科学家发现了"垃圾DNA,"在人类的遗传基因的结构已知的基因之间的恶劣双,扮演重要角色。一些研究队已经发现DNA在基因帮助决定之间如何精力充沛地和时常基因被刺激而且为蛋白质的生产塑造那个编码。
Chinese Holidays and Festivals Post By：2008-12-2 19:55:05 As well known, different countries have different customs and cultures. With the development of China, it has a rich and unique culture. The holidays and festivals in China are quite different from those in other countries. We have many traditional holidays and festivals. In addition, people in different areas also have their own local Year —元旦It falls on the first day of the year. It marks the beginning of a year. People will plan what to do in the new year. Because they believe that the whole year's work depends on a good start in Festival —春节Spring Festival is the most important festival in China. It is on the first day of the first lunar month(阴历正月). On the eve of the festival, people will paste spring poems(贴春联)with lucky words. They prepare delicious food, dumpling is a must. They also clean their house, but there is no sweeping on spring festival for people think it will sweep away good luck. People often come back home to enjoy family reunion, the whole family will get together for the big dinner. They also exchange greeting with other friends and Festival 元宵节It comes on the 15th of the first lunar month and it marks the end of the Spring Festival. On this day, people often eat sweet dumplings（元宵）for good luck. They will visit the display of lanterns(灯展)or go to temple fair(庙会)Qingming 清明节Qingming —It is also called Tomb-Sweeping Day. It falls on April 4th or 5th . That is a special day for the living to show love and respect to their dead friends or relatives. People often go to sweep the tomb and put the meat, wine in front of the tomb. One interesting thing is that people burn the paper money for the dead. Dragon Boat Festival 端午节This day is on the fifth of the fifth lunar month, People often get together to watch the wonderful “Dragon Boat Race”(龙舟大赛)，Rice Dumpling(粽子) is a must on Dragon Boat Festival. People eat Rice Dumpling in memory of the famous poet-屈原who died on this day many years Day —中秋It comes on the 15th of the eighth lunar month. People often gaze at the “Lady in the moon”(嫦娥) and eat moon cakes. The Mid-autumn Day also means harvest
Are the sun and the solar system to the sun as the center, dominated by its gravity and the objects around it sports posed by the system . Members include the sun, Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, Ming Wang, more than 2000 asteroids 34 satellites, as well as a lot of comets and meteoroids. The sun (Sun) The center of the solar system objects. Are a star. Contains nearly 98% of the solar system quality. With the Earth's average Distance of 149,600,000 kilometers diameter 1,390,000 kilometers, to the Earth 109 times the volume of the Earth's million times, Ping Are the density of grams / cubic centimeter. Surface temperature of about 6000 degrees Celsius, the center temperature of 15 million degrees Celsius. By Nuclear fission of hydrogen nuclei into helium thermonuclear reaction a large amount of energy. The naked eye we see the surface layer called the "light ball" , Light balls above a layer called the "chromosphere", the most outer layer called the "corona", which formed the sun's atmosphere. Too Yang's rotation period is 25 days, the bipolar area is about 35 days, the sun on the most abundant chemical element hydrogen. The sun's activity stems from its central part. The sun's core pressure of more than 34 billion times the Earth. Here at hair Health of nuclear fusion. Fusion led to the four proton or a hydrogen atom or helium nuclei阿尔法粒子. Al Law on the quality of particles smaller than percent to four protons, the quality of the remaining energy is transformed into the sun and was released to the table Noodles, and through the process of emitting light and heat convection. Solar core, through millions of years of energy required to reach Its surface. Per second have been 700 million tons of hydrogen into helium. In the process, there are about five million tons of net energy Volume was released, so the sun can make light-emitting. Photosphere are the chromosphere above. Amount of solar power through the region from the center outward transfer. This layer can be seen too Yang flares. Flares sunspots are formed before the chromosphere the hydrogen generated by hot clouds. Photosphere at some Region, a slightly lower temperature than the surrounding (usually 4000 degrees Celsius), this is the sunspot. The sun's outer atmosphere called the corona. Date the region has bait. Date baits are the upper chromosphere at the enormous Flame. The most coronal extension of outer space-oriented and radiation generated by the particles from the sun. Coronal only have the whole day Can be seen when fresh. The sun's age of about 46 million years, it can continue to burn about 50 million years. At the final stage of its existence, too Yang will be in the helium into heavy elements, the sun will also be the beginning of the volume continues to expand, until the Earth swallowed. At 一亿年After the red giant stage, the sun will suddenly collapse into a white dwarf - all stars of the existence The final stage. Go through several万亿年, it will eventually completely cooled. Mercury (Mercury) Ancient China, also known as "辰星." The sun, one of the nine planets. From the sun recently. With solar distance Astronomical units, that is million kilometers in diameter for 38% of the Earth, mass of the Earth's , density of water times larger orbit eccentricity, . Revolution period of 88 days, the rotation period of 59 days. For The sun side of the temperature of 400 degrees Celsius, while the sun back to -160 degrees Celsius, Mercury has many craters on And has a strong magnetic field, the surface strength of 1% of the Earth. Shell by the porous soil, or similar surface soil of the moon rock Composed of stone powder. Mercury is even lower than Jupiter's satellite Ganymede (Ganymede) and Saturn's satellite Titan (soil Titan) is also small. Mercury surface similar to the lunar surface. Meteorite dust covered the ups and downs撞成hills, a few kilometers of the fault cliff high Stretching hundreds of kilometers, large and small craters are everywhere. Looks at the sun than the Earth on large two and a half times. Because of not enough air to scatter sunlight, the sky is usually dark. If you look up to the sky, he also Xu will find two bright stars: a bright yellow are the Venus, the other one is blue earth. On observations from the Earth, Mercury and the sun angle of the largest only 28 degrees at dawn or during the day it appeared in the sky , So its observation very difficult. In the "sailors" on the 10th visit the Mercury before the awareness of Mercury are Very small. Because of its revolution and rotation of the relationship between the more complex, if the sun to rise from the sun for a Down Units to calculate, on the day of Mercury will be the day the Earth 176. Mercury appears that it can not exist on the water, its atmosphere is very small, and very high temperatures during the day. However, in 1991 Mercury at the Arctic scientists found an unusual bright spot. Highlights the possible cause of this are at the surface Or underground ice. Because the orbit of Mercury is rather special, at its North Pole, the sun is always on the horizon only irresolute Further. At some of the internal crater may never see the sun because of the temperature dropped to -161 degrees Celsius . Such a low temperature is likely to solidification from the planetary internal release of gas, or accumulation of ice from space . Mercury atmospheric pitiful, its main components for helium (42%), Sodium vapor (42%) and oxygen (15%), and its The average surface temperature of 179 degrees Celsius, up to 427 degrees Celsius, a minimum of -173 degrees Celsius. Venus (Venus) Ancient China, also known as "Venus", "Chang", "Taibai", "star" and so on, the nine planets of the solar system 1. According to the order from the sun for the second. With an average distance of the sun astronomical units, 108,210,000 Km. Size and the Earth is similar to the diameter of the Earth smaller than 5%, quality 82% of the Earth, the density of water, 5 .2 Times the revolution period of 225 days, the rotation period is 243 days, the rotation direction and the other planets the contrary, the surface cover Covered a very thick atmosphere, the most carbon dioxide, oxygen and water vapor low surface temperature as high as 480 degrees Celsius About. Venus surface of the magnetic field only one-thousandth of the Earth also has an ionosphere. Separately in the morning because of Venus Morning and evening in the sky, the ancient astrologers have been think there are two such planets, then sub - Do not be referred to as the "Morningstar" and "evening." In English, Venus - "Venus" (Venus) is an ancient Romanian Horse of the god of love and beauty. It has always been curly clouds shrouded in mystery at. Because of Venus and the Earth in size, mass, density and weight on very similar, and almost all of Venus and the Earth Formed simultaneously by the same nebula, astrologers will have them as sister planets. But recently scientists have discovered , Venus and the Earth in fact very different. Venus has no oceans, it has been the main ingredients for a thick oxide Carbon in the atmosphere surrounded by water does not. Its cloud is composed of sulfuric acid droplets. At the surface, it Equivalent to atmospheric pressure at sea level on the Earth 92 times. Because of Venus's thick atmosphere of carbon dioxide caused by "greenhouse effect", Venus surface temperature up to 482 photo S degrees. Sunlight through the atmosphere will be hot roast Venus surface. Surface outward radiation of heat at the process by Atmospheric barrier, can not be distributed into outer space. This makes Venus than in Mercury also hot. Random surface of Venus is covered with many small craters. Because of Venus's thick atmosphere, a diameter less than 2 kilometers Crater is almost impossible to retain it. And when a large meteorite in a small pit formed before the meteorite hit the surface of Venus, and its production Health and debris at the surface of the crater produced exceptional group. Volcanoes and volcanic activity of a lot of the surface of Venus. To Less 85% of Venus surface covered with volcanic rocks. Many lava flows hundreds of kilometers, fill the lowland, forming a broad Wide plains. In addition to hundreds of large volcanoes, more than 100,000 small crater Block embellishment at the surface of Venus. From fire Mountain emitted lava flows resulted in a long trench, ranging up to hundreds of kilometers, one of a range of ultra - Over 7000 kilometers. The topography of Venus is covered with vast lava plains and mountains of geological activities undermine or plateau. At Maxwell Hill Ishtar region are the highest mountain on Venus. Aphrodite highland region occupies almost Half of the equatorial regions. Magellan plans to obtain more than kilometers of Venus images show the existence of the plateau zone prescribed Bright soil moist. However, in the Venus surface, liquid water are unlikely to exist, and could not explain the bright plateau Reasons. There was a presumption that these bright regions may be due to metal compounds. Studies have shown that this Some metals may be iron sulfide. It can not exist in the plain areas, but at high altitude is possible. These payments May also be an alien, and it led to the effect is the same, but the concentrations are lower. The Earth (Earth) The nine planets of the solar system, according to the order from the sun for the third stars, with the sun's average distance of about 14,960 10,000 kilometers, the volume of around 1,083,200,000,000 cubic kilometers for the equatorial radius is about 6378 kilometers, the radius is extremely 6,3 57 kilometers, a difference of 21 kilometers. The average water density is times the revolution period is days, the rotation cycle 2 3:56. Revolution of the Earth orbit is an ellipse with the Earth equatorial plane into 23 degrees 26 minutes angle. So generated The length of the seasons and day and night. Surface has a solid crust. An area of 51,100 km, one of the total marine table Area of 71%, land is about 29%, surrounded by the atmosphere, nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and other gas components. Earth Has a satellite - the moon. Used to distinguish the characteristics of the Earth are on a black background and blue water, brown and green Land and the large white cloud. We are the Earth's atmosphere is 78 percent nitrogen, 21% are oxygen, the remaining 1 percent are other ingredients. Flat surface of the Earth Both the temperature is 15 degrees Celsius, the mean pressure of Pa. The Earth are the only known solar system planets existence of life. Express our planet's rotation and nickel iron lava nuclear Heart to generate a vast magnetic field, together with the atmosphere to prevent almost all from the sun and other stars Harmful rays. The Earth's atmosphere for us to block a lot of meteorites, meteorite much at their arrival and before the Had been burned. Since the beginning of human space exploration, our own planet there is a greater awareness. The first man-made human beings to Ball satellite discovered a strong radiation zone, now called the Van Allen radiation belts. The causes are from Sports Express in the charged particles in the equatorial region of a circular region to capture the Earth's magnetic field. Earth's magnetic field By the solar wind into a droplet-shaped twist of this phenomenon is also found by satellite. We also found that once we identified Is very calm for the upper atmosphere, they are very active, and it during the day and evening to narrow expansion. Live by the sun Dynamic effects of the Earth's upper atmosphere to affect weather and climate. Apart from the impact of the Earth's climate, the sun's activities are also our atmosphere for the brilliant performances. When the charged particle Son of the Earth's magnetic field has been captured, they are with our planet's pole impact air molecules so that these open air molecules Sending light, this is the "Aurora." Mars (Mars) Ancient China, also known as "荧惑," the nine planets of the solar system, according to the order from the sun for the fourth stars. And too Yang average distance astronomical units, or 227,940,000 kilometers in diameter for 53% of the Earth, its size at Ranked seventh in the solar system. Quality for 11 percent of the Earth, the density of water is times the revolution period of 687 days, Rotation cycle of 24 hours 37 minutes. Mars's equatorial plane and orbital plane 23 degrees 59 minutes into the corner, so on Mars also has Four Seasons, a quarterly basis and around six months long. Very thin atmosphere, mainly composed of carbon dioxide, the surface temperature at Chek Road during the day and the highest, at 28 degrees Celsius, down to -132 degrees Celsius at night, white极冠of the main components of water ice Also has a small amount of dry ice, the size of极冠changes with the seasons. Sometimes disappear in summer and winter increase. Surface Comparing the same as the Earth has rocks, volcanic and desert regions. On Mars because of the rock, sand and sky are red Color or pink, so the planet is often also referred to as the "red planet." The southern hemisphere of Mars are similar to the moon covered with craters of the ancient plateau, while the Northern Hemisphere, mostly organized by young plains Composition. Mars 24 kilometers high on the "Olympus" Mountains can be called the solar system are the highest mountains. Away from fire Stars around tens of thousands of kilometers, have two very small stars, which are the Martian satellites. In Chinese, the name is reminiscent of Mars to the "fire" and hot, but in fact, this red planet is Abnormal cold and dry. Nevertheless, Mars is still in the solar system and earth are the most similar to a planet. It Smaller than the size of the Earth, the atmosphere thinner than the Earth. A very thin atmosphere of Mars, the Earth's atmospheric pressure is only 7 thousandths. The main components of the atmosphere of Mars are dioxoketene CFCs, and other ingredients are nitrogen, argon, oxygen and so on. Mars atmospheric water at the proportion of only . Thus abnormal drying the surface of Mars. Mars the average temperature of minus 55 degrees Celsius, while the larger temperature difference: In the summer, daytime temperatures up to Twenty degrees Celsius, while in winter the temperature can be as low as minus more than 100 degrees Celsius. Mars often have strong winds, And thus often leads to large-scale dust storms. Scientists have found that many areas on Mars have been signs of erosion, but it seems to criss-cross the riverbed Telling us that Mars once had liquid water, they gather into large and small lakes, and even marine . Scientists, it was explained that at the early formation of Mars, the planet by thick clouds of carbon dioxide The parcels, resulting in a powerful "greenhouse effect" by the solar radiation, heat the surface of Mars have been obstructing the clouds Separated, can not be distributed to the outer space, making temperatures rise, so that liquid water to exist. At that time, the warmth of the Martian Humid, you may have been bred to life. Mars has two poles at many solid-state carbon dioxide (dry ice), scientists have speculated that in these enormous ice Cover may exist below the water-solid. Jupiter (Jupiter) Ancient China, also known as "岁星," one of the solar system planets. According to the order from the sun for the Fifth stars. And too Yang average distance of astronomical units, or 778,300,000 kilometers. Volume and quality than the other eight planets Combined, and the equatorial diameter of the Earth times for the thousand kilometers. The quality of the Earth's , Density of water times, public transfer cycle , the rotation cycle for the 9:50 is the fastest one rotation Stars, so the shape is very flat. Jupiter atmospheric shading shows staggered parallel to the equator of the cloud band, the temperature was about -12 1 degrees Celsius. Well-known Great Red Spot are embedded in the cloud band of clouds. Atmospheric thickness of about 730 kilometers. Atmospheric depths have Water vapor, but the total amount of less than hydrogen. There are acetylene, ethane and phosphine. Jupiter's magnetosphere has been a huge package Around with the Earth's magnetosphere similar to, but charged particles within the magnetosphere the energy of the radiation of the Earth is about one million times. Wood Stars than the Earth magnetic field strong 20-40 times, suggesting that Jupiter has its own energy. Jupiter has 13 satellites, consider someone There may be satellites fourteenth. There is a halo of Jupiter and Aurora
：天文学家发现一对中子星（中子星）在轨道上互相喷涌出光束的辐射。两个物体都是脉冲星（脉冲星） ，快速闪烁和关闭脉冲能量。一个是第二脉冲率44倍。通过学习辐射，天文学家希望第一时间了解中子星密度。
Scientistsdiscoveredthat"junkDNA,"thebasepairsbetweenknowngenesinthehumangeneticstructure,.:科学家发现了"垃圾DNA,"在人类的遗传基因的结构已知的基因之间的恶劣双,扮演重要角色。一些研究队已经发现DNA在基因帮助决定之间如何精力充沛地和时常基因被刺激而且为蛋白质的生产塑造那个编码。