Introductionprint Print document PDF list Cite link LinkLittle WomenLouisa May AlcottThe following entry presents criticism on Alcott's novel Little Women. See also Louisa May Alcott Nineteenth-Century Literary is now known as Little Women includes both the original work by that title and its sequel, Good Wives. Written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868 and 1869 respectively, together these works have been long established as primary within the canon of juvenile literature and are considered by many to be the first children's books in America to break with the didactic tradition. Alcott introduced realism and entertainment to American children's literature, thereby achieving commercial success unknown to her moralizing contemporaries. Little Women is still read worldwide May Alcott was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1832, and raised in Concord, Massachusetts, and Boston. She was the second of four daughters of Abigail May Alcott and Amos Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist, educational reformer, and well-known writer. Louisa, though more commercially successful than her father, faced many obstacles to the literary career she envisioned for herself. As a woman writer, she was expected to write sentimental and moralizing tales, and in order to earn a living as a writer, she was expected to cater to the sensational cravings of her audience. Although she did both successfully until her death in 1888, many critics argue that with Little Women, Alcott countered sensationalism with realism and subverted the moralizing purpose she often appeared to and Major CharactersIn Part I, while Mr. March is away as a volunteer chaplain in the Civil War, the March girls, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, embark on "pilgrimages" toward selfimprovement, with the inspiration of John Bunyan's religious allegory, The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). Their journeys, though, are largely determined by their own consciences and will rather than by dogma. Meg learns to overcome her vanity, Jo to overcome excessiveness and temper, Amy, greed and selfishness. Beth is already saintly and seems not to need change, but ironically, it is an act of charity—a visit to a sick infant—which results in the scarlet fever that weakens her health and precipitates her into this haven are neighbors Theodore Laurence (Laurie) and his grandfather, who are far from stock patriarchal figures; they are, rather, admirers who crave and aspire to the domestic peace enjoyed by the Marches. Laurie and Jo develop a close friendship that intrigued Alcott's readers, but she avoided the conventional romantic plot by refusing to have them marry. Jo, an unconventional girl who thinks of herself as the "man of the house" while her father is away, is more interested in developing her art and financially supporting her family than II of Little Women, originally published separately as Good Wives, focuses on the girls' transitions into adulthood. Meg marries John Brooke, Laurie's tutor—a financially difficult but happy match. Amy loses some of her passion for art and marries Laurie after he has been refused by Jo and has recovered from the blow. Beth dies before she can reach adulthood, but her loss inspires Jo to take up her domestic role. Jo eventually marries Professor Bhaer, a middle-aged academic with whom she shares philosophical interests. They open a boys' school, where she, no longer a tomboy, becomes a mother-figure for the ThemesAlcott's earlier work, often published under the pseudonym A. M. Barnard, is generally characterized by sensational characters and plots, violence, melodrama, and romance—all consistent with the expectations of her readers. When asked to write a "girl's book," Alcott was yet again forced to write according to others' interests, but in this case she opted for more realism than sensationalism by choosing the only girl-hood she knew for her subject—her own. Based on her life, and that of her sisters, Anna, Elizabeth, and May, Little Women follows the adolescence of the girls into adulthood, captures their private, domestic experience concretely, delineates their matriarchal haven of comfort and frugality, dramatizes their creative play, and explores their struggles to become artists, good sisters, and eventually happy wives. Although the culture of her time demanded that Alcott produce moralizing tales, she displayed a certain amount of resistance to that mandate in Little Women, preaching moderation rather than excessive religious molding. The girls are guided less by rigid moral strictures than by their strong sense of family, sometimes conveyed by words of wisdom from mother Marmee, but more often by a need to get along as a sisterly community. In part II this theme of sisterly love expands to include marriage and the formation of new families, with new roles for the three surviving sisters as good wives. Self-improvement, social responsibility, domestic cooperation, and matriarchal power, as well as the importance of play and artistic development, all serve as prominent themes in Little ReceptionThe influence of Little Women has been vast, but historically limited to a female readership. Early critics received the novel with sentimental praise and an appreciation of Alcott's ability to meet the minds of her child readers, a view shared by Angela Brazil in her 1922 review. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Alcott was appreciated, like many American women writers, as merely a local colorist with a talent for portraying the domestic sphere concretely. In academia, her novel was studied only by the scholars of children's literature until the 1960s and 1970s, when it came under closer scrutiny by feminist critics, some of whom were frustrated with its outdated sentimentality, others of whom dismissed it because it seems to uphold the traditional separation of men's and women's spheres (public vs. private). In the 1980s, the new emphasis on expanding the canon to include marginalized writers and works associated with popular culture brought more attention to Little Women. It has achieved importance within Women's Studies and the American literary canon in general for its detailed descriptions of nineteenth-century family life and of female struggles for social identity. As Carolyn Heilbrun suggests, Little Women has been particularly influential on female readers in the twentieth century who, craving models of female autonomy, found one, at least briefly, in Alcott's character Jo. Recent critics have continued in this positive vein, calling further attention to the subversive elements in Little Women, recasting Jo as an early feminist who, like her creator, made the most of the limited possibilities open to women in her time.希望对楼主有帮助， 不满意请留言
《小妇人》出版后成为公认的美国名著，100多年以来，一直受到热烈的欢迎。我为大家带来几篇《小妇人》读后感供大家阅读。下面是我为你们整理的内容，希望你们喜欢。 小妇人读后感英文版篇1
Under the formidable war background, concerns national and collective destiny and the honor time, individual all are such not worthy of mentioning. Perhaps gradually will retreat its trace to a national war along with the years, but to an ordinary ordinary person, a bullet sufficiently will change his only life.
I think perhaps the man most sorrowful is inside this actor's final feeling, originally is most own two people simultaneously leaves himself.
" A FAREWELL TO ARMS " this novel quite successful, makes one feel clear credible, this is and the author has attended the First World War personally, and has been seriously injured, has stayed in the hospital, has the personal life to experience and directly felts the experience not to be able to separate. In performance method, what the author uses is the Chinese reader very familiar novel skill, namely lets character own words and deeds move the reader, but does not make any discussion, he is also good at causing the scenery and the plot, the character organically fuses in together, achieves serves the plot, character's positive effect. The novel is popular in the language aspect writing, uses some basic vocabularies, the sentence type to be simple mostly, mostly uses Jian Danju. Anglicizing, is very good, therefore is good for both young and old, appeals to both cultured and popular tastes, this is the artistic achievement which this novel obtains.
" A FAREWELL TO ARMS "opposed that war’s distinct subject and the mature artistic skill have had the emormous influence,the greatest degree had reflected after First World War,a youth generation the mood which visits the fear and is at a loss,is all the rage the world very quickly.
小妇人读后感英文版篇2
Today, i have read the book "Little Women" .The deepest feeling is it is simple to be happy! Happiness is kinship, friendship, health, labor and peace of mind. Having it, people just feel no
Alcott prefaces Little Women with an excerpt from John Bunyan’s seventeenth-century work The Pilgrim’s Progress, an allegorical novel about leading a Christian life. Alcott’s story begins with the four March girls—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—sitting in their living room, lamenting their poverty. The girls decide that they will each buy themselves a present in order to brighten their Christmas. Soon, however, they change their minds and decide that instead of buying presents for themselves, they will buy presents for their mother, Marmee. Marmee comes home with a letter from Mr. March, the girls’ father, who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War. The letter inspires the girls to bear their burdens more cheerfully and not to complain about their Christmas morning, the girls wake up to find books, probably copies of The Pilgrim’s Progress, under their pillows. Later that day, Marmee encourages them to give away their breakfast to a poor family, the Hummels. Their elderly neighbor, Mr. Laurence, whom the girls have never met, rewards their charitable activities by sending over a feast. Soon, Meg and Jo are invited to attend a New Year’s Party at the home of Meg’s wealthy friend, Sally Gardiner. At the party, Jo retreats to an alcove, and there meets Laurie, the boy who lives with Mr. Laurence. While dancing, Meg sprains her ankle. Laurie escorts the sisters home. The Marches regret having to return to their daily routine after the holiday visits Laurie when he is sick, and meets his grandfather, Mr. Laurence. She inadvertently insults a painting of Mr. Laurence in front of the man himself. Luckily, Laurie’s grandfather admires Jo’s spunk, and they become friends. Soon, Mr. Laurence meets all the sisters, and Beth becomes his special favorite. Mr. Laurence gives her his deceased granddaughter’s girls have various adventures. Amy is caught trading limes at school, and the teacher hits her as punishment. As a result, Mrs. March withdraws her daughter from school. Jo refuses to let Amy go with her to the theater. In retaliation, Amy burns Jo’s manuscript, and Jo, in her anger, nearly lets Amy drown while ice-s-kating. Pretty Meg attends her friend Annie Moffat’s party and, after allowing the other girls to dress her up in high style, learns that appearances are not everything. While at the party, she hears that people think she intends to marry Laurie for his year, the Marches form the Pickwick Club, in which they write a family newspaper. In the spring, Jo smuggles Laurie into one of the club meetings, and he becomes a member, presenting his new circle with a postbox. At the beginning of June, the Marches decide to neglect their housework. At the end of a lazy week, Marmee takes a day off too. The girls spoil a dinner, but everyone ends up laughing over it. One day, Laurie has English friends over, and the Marches go on a picnic with them. Later, Jo gets a story published for the first dark day, the family receives a telegram saying that Mr. March is sick in the hospital in Washington, . Marmee goes to tend to him, and Jo sells her hair to help finance the trip. Chaos ensues in Marmee’s wake, for the girls neglect their chores again. Only Beth goes to visit the Hummels, and after one of her visits, she contracts scarlet fever from the Hummel baby. Beth teeters on the brink of death until Marmee returns. Meanwhile, Amy spends time at Aunt March’s house in order to escape the disease. Beth recovers, though not completely, and Mr. Brooke, Laurie’s tutor, falls in love with Meg, much to Jo’s dismay. Mr. Brooke and Meg are engaged by the end of Part One. Three years pass before Part Two begins. Mr. March is home from the war, and Laurie is nearly done with school. Soon, Meg marries and moves into a new home with Mr. Brooke. One day, Amy decides to have a lunch for her art school classmates, but poor weather ruins the festivities. Jo gets a novel published, but she must cut it down in order to please her publishers. Meanwhile, Meg struggles with the duties of keeping house, and she soon gives birth to twins, Demi and Daisy. Amy gets to go to Paris instead of Jo, who counted on the trip, because their Aunt Carroll prefers Amy’s ladylike behavior in a begins to think that Beth loves Laurie. In order to escape Laurie’s affections for her, Jo moves to New York so as to give Beth a chance to win his affections. There Jo meets Professor Bhaer, a poor German language instructor. Professor Bhaer discourages Jo from writing sensationalist stories, and she takes his advice and finds a simpler writing style. When Jo returns home, Laurie proposes to her, but she turns him down. Beth soon and Laurie reunite in France, and they fall in love. They marry and return home. Jo begins to hope that Professor Bhaer will come for her. He does, and they marry a year later. Amy and Laurie have a daughter named Beth, who is sickly. Jo inherits Plumfield, Aunt March’s house, and decides to turn it into a boarding school for boys. The novel ends with the family happily gathered together, each sister thankful for her blessings and for each other.
学术堂整理了十五个英美文学方面的毕业论文题目供大家进行参考：1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义
这个 我可以写 按照老师的要求来写 包通过 包修改↓↓↓↓↓下面可以找到我
家庭创造的环境还有家长的正确引导对孩子的成长和人生观至关重要！
温馨的圣诞烛光 —浅议《小妇人》 在十九世纪上半叶崛起的美国妇女作家中，出现了一位出生于费城的作家，她的名字叫莎.梅.阿尔考特( I,o}rlsr}rnY nLCarr)。她的成名作《小妇人》以年轻读者为对象，成功地塑造了无与伦比的少女乔.马奇的形象，表现了一百多年前美国社会和家庭的文化价值取向以及拓荒精神。阿尔考特也写过其他的作品，但这本书却受到美国及其他国家的青睐，百余年来，仍脍炙人口，历久不衰，并曾被好莱坞搬上银幕，一再放映。《小妇人》出版后，美国文坛也引以为傲，因为他们终于也产生了一部可以和英国女作家奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》媲美的文学杰作。 }}l、妇人》全书20余万字，人物包括一个家庭中父母及四个年幼的女儿，邻人，以及他们交往的几个朋友。故事情节贯穿了两个圣诞节，描述一年中四个待嫁的女儿生活周遭发生的点点滴滴的生活琐事。作者文笔描写细腻，人物对话饶富趣味，语调平淡哀惋。无论从情节、人物，还是字数来说，《小妇人》都是一本“小”书，但却是一部杰作，一部令读者阅后难以忘怀的小说，因为她的叙述中显示了一个伟大的主题。这个主题就是友爱、互助、自强不息以及美国民族早期所具有的拓荒者的精神。 所谓拓荒者的精神(PIONEER SPIRTI')，是美国建国之初，在早期移民中产生的一种生活、生存意识。他们披荆斩棘，力启山林，与各种灾难搏斗，用必胜的意志和信念去面对和建设全新的世界。这种生活意识已成为美国民族社会创业的精神基石，为美国创造了伟大的业绩，同时也成了全人类不断开拓谋求发展的宝贵精神遗产。 拓荒者的精神不仅成为美国社会的普遍意识和精神沉淀，也同时被美国的许多作家作为显形意识而引入文学的主题。从19世纪初叶梅尔维尔的《白鲸记》，梭罗的《湖滨散记》，凯塞的《我的安东妮尔》，以及近代史坦贝克《伊甸园东》等，书中皆隐然地注人了这种意识，或是对这种意识所产生的社会面的各种回应。这些以不同角度写出的作品都成了美国文学的名著。但《小妇人》似乎另具一番柔美的魅力。书中没有一望无际的荒原，没有惊心动魄的起伏情节，但它以生动活泼的笔调，道出四个年幼女儿，在父亲在外作战未归，家庭困苦中一年来的奋斗历程，从细琐的生活中娓娓透出崎岖的生活情景。 它的开场很不凡，四个小女儿在客厅中每人一句的对话中，不仅道出她们的心境，也生动地给家庭状况作了简明的素描。同时，也不知不觉地把读者拉进了这揭开的帷幕，随着她们融人了剧中情景。这几小段文字是: 绍一面躺在地毯上，一面嘴里咕噜着说:“如在圣诞节没有礼物，怎样可算是圣诞节 呢?，， 美克低声叹着气，对着她破旧的衣服感慨地说，“贫穷，是最可怕的了。” 小的爱米带着啼嘘的神情，插进来说:“在世界上有许多女孩子有许多很好的东西。 有许多却什么都没有，这未免太不公平了。” 倍斯从屋角里，显出得意的态度说着:“但是我们无论如何是父母双全，并且还有姊妹 呢!” ……“然而我们现在的父亲呢?并且他不能在最近期内使我们见到他，”绍这样暗然 地说。 这是《小妇人》的“开卷第一回也”。生动的字幕，隐隐地透出本书幕后将来可能发牛的种种。对父亲的思念，家计困难下的烦恼，年长姐姐对情感的困扰·一均在小桥流水式的笔触下一幕幕的展开，直到父亲在第二年的圣诞节回家，全家才结束了这困苦跋涉的一年。 《小妇人》全书充满了大量柏拉图式的对话:母亲对女儿们的开导，姐妹之间的慰诫，邻人朋友之间充满友爱互助的交谈，莫不以挚诚的语气道出，使人读后油然产生亲切的共鸣。小说在对话中包涵着大批启示性的谈话，这在创作上是一个大胆的尝试。低手笔的作家往往会弄巧成拙，沦为教条性的口号或说教，但阿尔考特却处理得极为自然。她之所以把这些大道理不露痕迹地融入日常的对话中而不令人生厌，主要是把握了一个道出“真实”的原则。托尔斯泰曾说:“在人生中也象在艺术中一样，有一件事很必要，那就是道出真实。”阿尔考特便把握住了这一点，她在《小妇人》中以真实的态度，道出了生活中的点点滴滴，用“真诚”说出他们心中的情感和对生活的看法。 ((}!、妇人》所述的虽是儿女身边的琐事，但琐细的情节中常常出现极感人的段落:四个姐妹和妈妈正准备欢度圣诞的早晨，母亲说出附近一个贫苦的女人和一个生了不多时的婴孩躺在那里，她们没有取暖的炉，为了不受寒冷，还有六个没有东西吃的孩子紧紧拥抱着挤在一张床上·。…于是，四个姐妹在母亲的建议下，将她们的早餐送往这个贫苦的家庭，作为圣诞礼物。另外，在全书进行到大半时，家中突然收到父亲在华盛顿身染重病的不幸消息，母亲一时手足无措，热心的邻人慷慨解囊，终于让短缺旅费的母亲启程前往，得以使卧病远方的父亲获得照料和康复，喜爱音乐，梦想有一架钢琴的年幼儿女，在日后获得邻人赠送一座新钢琴时热泪盈眶的喜悦……凡此种种充满了友爱及人情味的文字不胜枚举。 任何国家的文学名著，会很自然地受到其他经典大师们的影响，尤其是自己本国的前辈作家们。《小妇人》自亦不例外。拓荒和发挥爱心的精神，以及对拓荒后美国社会出现的形形色色的困扰现象，在阿尔考特以前的许多作家中，皆以不同形式的笔调显示出。在她之前，也可以说是她前辈中，出现了数位把美国文学推至高峰的大师。这些人是惠特曼、梭罗、梅尔维尔、霍桑等，他们皆以不同的风格，给美国拓荒后的社会，留下诸多感人而不朽的著作。1x19年出生的惠特曼，以天马行空，一泄千里的笔法，写出了代表当时美国东西部开拓精神的《草叶集》;梅尔维尔以光怪陆离的笔法写出刻画美国冒险精神的《白鲸记》;梭罗则对当时美国拓荒者开创的繁荣社会作出反抗性的回应，他以返璞归真的态度一人跑到幽静的华尔腾居住，写出静化心灵的《湖滨散记》。阿尔特或多或少都受到他们的一些影响。而在这些她前辈的名家中，她似乎特别推崇梭罗。梭罗是她父亲的好友，过往颇密，幼年的阿尔考特纯洁的心灵很可能无形中受到他的感染，梭罗对当时美国专重财富的堕落无法忍受的心态，后来在《小妇人》书中淋漓透出。阿尔考特在1865年所出版的第一部小说《抑恋》，有的文学分析家认为是阿尔考特倾心于梭罗而写的。不知终生未嫁的阿尔考特，在她情感的核心处是否与这有关? 如果是从拓荒及友爱这个主题精神来看，阿尔考特的《小妇人》不唯有“承先”的影子，同时也可熊给后来的美国文化产生了“启后”的作用。这个蛛丝马迹的现象可从维娜.凯塞写的《我的安东妮亚》以及在1968年去世的史坦贝克代表作《伊甸园东》中可看到。凯塞女士的《我的安东妮亚》，描绘了美国垦拓时期居民和大自然的斗争以及人和自然的相互接纳。优美的笔调写出田野的风光与靠土地为生的纯朴居民和土地相喜相泣，共同成长的生活画面。史坦贝克的《伊甸园东》，不仅生动地描述了一个移居到西部的家庭史，同时在情节中深刻地表露了人类在共同努力开创美满生活中所应有的忍耐和宽恕。两书皆以不同的角度提升了《小妇人》中拓荒和友爱的主题。我们无法在这些近代名家的文学传记中找到他(她)们相互影响的确证，但我们很容易发现，他(她)们对这类精神皆有极深厚的认同和体悟。 20余万字的《小妇人》中，前后包括了两个圣诞节，一头一尾，前后照应，以圣诞节开始，又以圣诞节结束。美国文学中提到圣诞节的不止这一本，有的是在情节中自然出现，有的是一笔带过。像《小妇人》这种头尾连续出现两次的情况实不多见。前面提到《白鲸记》，故事就是从一个圣诞节开始的，但那与书中发展的情节并无多大的关联，写的是一群具有冒险犯难精神的水手，在圣诞节那天启程开航，走向惊涛骇浪的大海，最后遇到白鲸，全船和白鲸搏斗，人船俱毁，仅有一人生还。作品固然伟大磅礴，但给人一种惊心动魄的悲壮感。不若《小妇人》那样，给人带来的是乐观进取、亲切温和。阿尔考特似乎也隐然强调:人在应该欢乐的时光中经常会有不幸的事情发生，但为迎接另一个美好的时光，必须作出努力和付出牺牲，《小妇人》一家由父亲不在，没有礼物的圣诞节开始，一直到父亲在第二个圣诞节回家团聚的跋涉困苦一年中，对这种精神作了真实写照。 新大陆的发现已有五百年，新大陆的居民也历经了五百个圣诞节。节日的意义并没有改变，但开国两百年的美国却发生了显著的变化。它从18世纪的移居，19世纪的开拓，20世纪的鼎盛，而在本世纪末期高度繁荣发达的背后却呈现了退化和堕落:人与人之间的疏离，享乐主义，经济萧条，失业者剧升，罪犯增加，社会道德沉沦等等相继并起。这也是二百年前美国的一批开国先贤所始料未及的。
文学太宽泛了，你必须一点点的把你的论文论述的观点缩小，不然你写什么都不知道。1. 去图书馆找所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的所有英文资料，甚至是原文读本序言之类，也有你可以借鉴的句子。2. 去电子阅览室，搜索所有与 汤姆叔叔的小屋 相关的论文评论，找到你觉得有用的拷下来。3. 到网上搜索下相关词条，如wiki百科的英文相关词条4. 最好浏览一遍原文，看不懂的话中英文对照本也行。~ 实例，首先是开头，小说介绍性文字：Uncle Tom’s Cabin, appeared in book form in 1852, is one of the most unusual books of American literature. Edmund Wilson wrote in an important reassessment in 1962 that Stowe’s work is comparable to that of Dickens and Zola (as readers in her own day recognized); and the novel has often been read in Europe, both in the original and in numerous translations, as the masterpiece of social realism George Sand, George Eliot, Turgenev, Tolstoy, Hugo, and Heine found it to be (Wilson, 1962:3-58). （可以写个一两段）然后，就你找到的文献，归类一下，分别说说他们讲了什么论点（顺便记下人名，书名，年份，页数）最后，说说你将在自己论文里阐述的观点，The paper will mainly focus on 。。。
Alcott prefaces Little Women with an excerpt from John Bunyan’s seventeenth-century work The Pilgrim’s Progress, an allegorical novel about leading a Christian life. Alcott’s story begins with the four March girls—Meg, Jo, Beth, and Amy—sitting in their living room, lamenting their poverty. The girls decide that they will each buy themselves a present in order to brighten their Christmas. Soon, however, they change their minds and decide that instead of buying presents for themselves, they will buy presents for their mother, Marmee. Marmee comes home with a letter from Mr. March, the girls’ father, who is serving as a Union chaplain in the Civil War. The letter inspires the girls to bear their burdens more cheerfully and not to complain about their Christmas morning, the girls wake up to find books, probably copies of The Pilgrim’s Progress, under their pillows. Later that day, Marmee encourages them to give away their breakfast to a poor family, the Hummels. Their elderly neighbor, Mr. Laurence, whom the girls have never met, rewards their charitable activities by sending over a feast. Soon, Meg and Jo are invited to attend a New Year’s Party at the home of Meg’s wealthy friend, Sally Gardiner. At the party, Jo retreats to an alcove, and there meets Laurie, the boy who lives with Mr. Laurence. While dancing, Meg sprains her ankle. Laurie escorts the sisters home. The Marches regret having to return to their daily routine after the holiday visits Laurie when he is sick, and meets his grandfather, Mr. Laurence. She inadvertently insults a painting of Mr. Laurence in front of the man himself. Luckily, Laurie’s grandfather admires Jo’s spunk, and they become friends. Soon, Mr. Laurence meets all the sisters, and Beth becomes his special favorite. Mr. Laurence gives her his deceased granddaughter’s girls have various adventures. Amy is caught trading limes at school, and the teacher hits her as punishment. As a result, Mrs. March withdraws her daughter from school. Jo refuses to let Amy go with her to the theater. In retaliation, Amy burns Jo’s manuscript, and Jo, in her anger, nearly lets Amy drown while ice-s-kating. Pretty Meg attends her friend Annie Moffat’s party and, after allowing the other girls to dress her up in high style, learns that appearances are not everything. While at the party, she hears that people think she intends to marry Laurie for his year, the Marches form the Pickwick Club, in which they write a family newspaper. In the spring, Jo smuggles Laurie into one of the club meetings, and he becomes a member, presenting his new circle with a postbox. At the beginning of June, the Marches decide to neglect their housework. At the end of a lazy week, Marmee takes a day off too. The girls spoil a dinner, but everyone ends up laughing over it. One day, Laurie has English friends over, and the Marches go on a picnic with them. Later, Jo gets a story published for the first dark day, the family receives a telegram saying that Mr. March is sick in the hospital in Washington, . Marmee goes to tend to him, and Jo sells her hair to help finance the trip. Chaos ensues in Marmee’s wake, for the girls neglect their chores again. Only Beth goes to visit the Hummels, and after one of her visits, she contracts scarlet fever from the Hummel baby. Beth teeters on the brink of death until Marmee returns. Meanwhile, Amy spends time at Aunt March’s house in order to escape the disease. Beth recovers, though not completely, and Mr. Brooke, Laurie’s tutor, falls in love with Meg, much to Jo’s dismay. Mr. Brooke and Meg are engaged by the end of Part One. Three years pass before Part Two begins. Mr. March is home from the war, and Laurie is nearly done with school. Soon, Meg marries and moves into a new home with Mr. Brooke. One day, Amy decides to have a lunch for her art school classmates, but poor weather ruins the festivities. Jo gets a novel published, but she must cut it down in order to please her publishers. Meanwhile, Meg struggles with the duties of keeping house, and she soon gives birth to twins, Demi and Daisy. Amy gets to go to Paris instead of Jo, who counted on the trip, because their Aunt Carroll prefers Amy’s ladylike behavior in a begins to think that Beth loves Laurie. In order to escape Laurie’s affections for her, Jo moves to New York so as to give Beth a chance to win his affections. There Jo meets Professor Bhaer, a poor German language instructor. Professor Bhaer discourages Jo from writing sensationalist stories, and she takes his advice and finds a simpler writing style. When Jo returns home, Laurie proposes to her, but she turns him down. Beth soon and Laurie reunite in France, and they fall in love. They marry and return home. Jo begins to hope that Professor Bhaer will come for her. He does, and they marry a year later. Amy and Laurie have a daughter named Beth, who is sickly. Jo inherits Plumfield, Aunt March’s house, and decides to turn it into a boarding school for boys. The novel ends with the family happily gathered together, each sister thankful for her blessings and for each other.
Introductionprint Print document PDF list Cite link LinkLittle WomenLouisa May AlcottThe following entry presents criticism on Alcott's novel Little Women. See also Louisa May Alcott Nineteenth-Century Literary is now known as Little Women includes both the original work by that title and its sequel, Good Wives. Written by Louisa May Alcott in 1868 and 1869 respectively, together these works have been long established as primary within the canon of juvenile literature and are considered by many to be the first children's books in America to break with the didactic tradition. Alcott introduced realism and entertainment to American children's literature, thereby achieving commercial success unknown to her moralizing contemporaries. Little Women is still read worldwide May Alcott was born in Germantown, Pennsylvania in 1832, and raised in Concord, Massachusetts, and Boston. She was the second of four daughters of Abigail May Alcott and Amos Bronson Alcott, a Transcendentalist, educational reformer, and well-known writer. Louisa, though more commercially successful than her father, faced many obstacles to the literary career she envisioned for herself. As a woman writer, she was expected to write sentimental and moralizing tales, and in order to earn a living as a writer, she was expected to cater to the sensational cravings of her audience. Although she did both successfully until her death in 1888, many critics argue that with Little Women, Alcott countered sensationalism with realism and subverted the moralizing purpose she often appeared to and Major CharactersIn Part I, while Mr. March is away as a volunteer chaplain in the Civil War, the March girls, Meg, Jo, Beth and Amy, embark on "pilgrimages" toward selfimprovement, with the inspiration of John Bunyan's religious allegory, The Pilgrim's Progress (1678). Their journeys, though, are largely determined by their own consciences and will rather than by dogma. Meg learns to overcome her vanity, Jo to overcome excessiveness and temper, Amy, greed and selfishness. Beth is already saintly and seems not to need change, but ironically, it is an act of charity—a visit to a sick infant—which results in the scarlet fever that weakens her health and precipitates her into this haven are neighbors Theodore Laurence (Laurie) and his grandfather, who are far from stock patriarchal figures; they are, rather, admirers who crave and aspire to the domestic peace enjoyed by the Marches. Laurie and Jo develop a close friendship that intrigued Alcott's readers, but she avoided the conventional romantic plot by refusing to have them marry. Jo, an unconventional girl who thinks of herself as the "man of the house" while her father is away, is more interested in developing her art and financially supporting her family than II of Little Women, originally published separately as Good Wives, focuses on the girls' transitions into adulthood. Meg marries John Brooke, Laurie's tutor—a financially difficult but happy match. Amy loses some of her passion for art and marries Laurie after he has been refused by Jo and has recovered from the blow. Beth dies before she can reach adulthood, but her loss inspires Jo to take up her domestic role. Jo eventually marries Professor Bhaer, a middle-aged academic with whom she shares philosophical interests. They open a boys' school, where she, no longer a tomboy, becomes a mother-figure for the ThemesAlcott's earlier work, often published under the pseudonym A. M. Barnard, is generally characterized by sensational characters and plots, violence, melodrama, and romance—all consistent with the expectations of her readers. When asked to write a "girl's book," Alcott was yet again forced to write according to others' interests, but in this case she opted for more realism than sensationalism by choosing the only girl-hood she knew for her subject—her own. Based on her life, and that of her sisters, Anna, Elizabeth, and May, Little Women follows the adolescence of the girls into adulthood, captures their private, domestic experience concretely, delineates their matriarchal haven of comfort and frugality, dramatizes their creative play, and explores their struggles to become artists, good sisters, and eventually happy wives. Although the culture of her time demanded that Alcott produce moralizing tales, she displayed a certain amount of resistance to that mandate in Little Women, preaching moderation rather than excessive religious molding. The girls are guided less by rigid moral strictures than by their strong sense of family, sometimes conveyed by words of wisdom from mother Marmee, but more often by a need to get along as a sisterly community. In part II this theme of sisterly love expands to include marriage and the formation of new families, with new roles for the three surviving sisters as good wives. Self-improvement, social responsibility, domestic cooperation, and matriarchal power, as well as the importance of play and artistic development, all serve as prominent themes in Little ReceptionThe influence of Little Women has been vast, but historically limited to a female readership. Early critics received the novel with sentimental praise and an appreciation of Alcott's ability to meet the minds of her child readers, a view shared by Angela Brazil in her 1922 review. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, Alcott was appreciated, like many American women writers, as merely a local colorist with a talent for portraying the domestic sphere concretely. In academia, her novel was studied only by the scholars of children's literature until the 1960s and 1970s, when it came under closer scrutiny by feminist critics, some of whom were frustrated with its outdated sentimentality, others of whom dismissed it because it seems to uphold the traditional separation of men's and women's spheres (public vs. private). In the 1980s, the new emphasis on expanding the canon to include marginalized writers and works associated with popular culture brought more attention to Little Women. It has achieved importance within Women's Studies and the American literary canon in general for its detailed descriptions of nineteenth-century family life and of female struggles for social identity. As Carolyn Heilbrun suggests, Little Women has been particularly influential on female readers in the twentieth century who, craving models of female autonomy, found one, at least briefly, in Alcott's character Jo. Recent critics have continued in this positive vein, calling further attention to the subversive elements in Little Women, recasting Jo as an early feminist who, like her creator, made the most of the limited possibilities open to women in her time.希望对楼主有帮助， 不满意请留言
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这个 我可以写 按照老师的要求来写 包通过 包修改↓↓↓↓↓下面可以找到我
这部小说[2]以家庭生活为描写对象，以家庭成员的感情纠葛为线索，描写了马奇一家的天伦之爱。马奇家的四姐妹中，无论是为了爱情甘于贫困的梅格，还是通过自己奋斗成为作家的乔，以及坦然面对死亡的贝思和以扶弱为己任的艾美，虽然她们的理想和命运都不尽相同，但是她们都具有自强自立的共同特点。描写了她们对家庭的眷恋；对爱的忠诚以及对亲情的渴望。 小妇人所有时代的少女成长过程中所要面对与经历的，都可以在这本书中找到：初恋的甜蜜和烦恼，感情与理智的差异，理想和现实的距离，贫穷与富有的矛盾。《小妇人》故事情节简单真实，却感人至深，问世一百多年以来，多次被搬上银幕，并被译成各种文字，成为世界文学宝库中的经典名作。书中描写的种种情感体验和生活经历，都曾经、正在并将要发生在每一个少女走向成熟的过程之中；书中提倡善良、忠诚、无私、慷慨、尊严、宽容、坚韧、勇敢、亦是人类永远尊崇和追求的美德和信仰。所有这些，赋予这本书超越时代和国度的生命力，这也正是她成为不朽的经典的魅力和原因所在。
英美文学方向的选题太多了啊，网上一搜一大堆，选一个你自己喜欢并感兴趣的就行了。1、 透过《傲慢与偏见》看现代社会爱情观2、生与死的抗争--《厄舍古厦的倒塌》主题解读3、浅谈“欧·亨利式结尾”及其文学影响4、从宗教角度解读简爱的多重性格5、从女权主义角度剖析《小妇人》中的乔6、 “英雄”的陨落--悲剧美学角度分析《老人与海》7、 从《菊花》中看女主人公Elisa实现自我价值的障碍8、奉献与宽容---浅析《双城记》中的仁爱精神9、 《格列佛游记》中对理性的反思与批判10、浅析《警察和赞美诗》的戏剧化特色11、一场失败革命的反思---论《动物庄园》中所表现的象征意义12、论詹姆斯·乔伊斯《阿拉比》的精神顿悟13、从后印象主义角度解读《到灯塔去》中的双性同体观14、 从中西方道德观差异谈《伊利亚特》与《封神演义》人物品德15、 韦伯《猫》中的女性主义16、 浅析《儿子与情人》中的心理冲突17、浅析中西方喜剧文化---以《武林外传》和《老友记》为例18、从女性主义看《傲慢与偏见》中的女性形象19、《瓦尔登湖》中自然主义的现实意义20、 从男性角色解读《简爱》中的女性反抗意识21、论《荆棘鸟》中的女性意识22、 论劳伦斯《虹》中的异化23、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》与《梁祝》悲剧结局所体现的中西文化差异24、从《在路上》看五六十年代美国社会价值观25、 评希思克利夫被扭曲的心路历程26、试论马克·吐温短篇小说的幽默特色27、惠特曼的死亡哲学28、 论《呼啸山庄》--原始古朴与文明理性的交错色彩29、 论《了不起的盖茨比》中“二元主角”手法的运用30、透过小说《威廉·威尔逊》和《黑猫》看艾伦·坡的善恶观
第三遍读《简爱》——从女性主义的角度来看简爱的形象算是第三遍读《简爱》，这个故事，任何稍微读过点书的女生都对这个故事熟悉并且津津乐道。我曾经极度认真的把其中的那句：“你以为我贫穷，卑微，不美，你就以为我没有灵魂没有心了吗......”郑重其事的抄在一个本子的首页，我今天看到这段话还会想起当初的认真态度，简单执挠的认为自己的重要。我的一个同学喜欢《简爱》，她有《简爱》的不同三个译本，她说，女人就应该活得想简爱那样，并且想着要找一个像罗切斯特那样的男人。我当初对于简爱的喜爱就跟这个同学的推荐不无关系。之所以认为她是一部好的小说，并且也认为：我们就应该像简爱那样生活。毕竟，在这个世界上，有钱的姑娘肯定不是多数，漂亮美丽的也只是那么多姑娘中的一部分，有财有貌又有才的更是少之又少，所以，我们都是简爱那样平凡的姑娘，所以我们都应该像简爱。当时，我像模像样的买了《简爱》的书，把它包的整整齐齐的来看。隔了多年来看，我想，《简爱》，也就是一本简单的小说和一个不现实的童话式的爱情故事。它过于完满和过于天真。其中，她教会女生怎么学会幻想，却难得自省，虽然，它多么的在强调着作为一个女性，她应该如何保持自我和尊严。《简爱》是这样一个故事，穷苦人家父母双亡的女孩子，被送给舅妈家养大，然而得不到一点爱，然后被送到一个教会学校长大，然后到一个有钱人家当家庭教师，爱上古堡的男主人，并且爱情的到成全，有了完满的结果。在十九世纪，女性写作开始展露头角。而在之前，女性的写作基本上是缺席的。在世界文坛上，只有少数的女性有简单的诗歌或者是一些书信体的作品流世。十九世纪，勃朗特三姐妹，简.奥斯丁等等一批女性作家开始用小说体写作。女性写作进入了一个全新的时期。然而这个时候，女性的写作仍然处于一个极低的不被承认的地位，《简爱》最初也是用一个男性化名发表的。这个时候，女性主义开始兴起，越来越多的女性开始参与到这个潮流中，为女性的地位寻求得到同男性一样的地位。而《简爱》也从不同的角度被人用女性主义来解读。今天，我也从女性主义的一个方面来看《简爱》。与女性主义：这本产生于女性主义前期的小说被认为带有明显的女性主义的特征，女作者，女主角，其中女性形象不再是有男性创作出来符合男性要求的理想的欲望体，而是女性自己创造的在争取着自由独立精神的女性。这部作品中的女主角，简爱，是一个具有独立思考，争取自由和平等的女人，特别是爱的平等。她反映了女性的自我意识的觉醒，女性开始在谋求自身的幸福，把自己当成自己的主体，不再是附属于男权的一个形象。但是当我们用女性主义来分析的时候，我们可以有这些发现：从简的性格表现来说，她有许多令人不舒服的地方，简爱的形象，是一个理想的女性形象，她仍然是按照男性对于女性的需求形象来塑造的。而这个故事的结局，更是大大的削减了其中为止争取的平等。这部作品，不论是从女性主义的立场还是从小说的精神境界来说，是一部难得使女性自省的作品，它并没有着眼于社会对女性的现实的不平等和女性自身的现实来描写。她写的，不过是一个处处需要维护自身尊严和小心翼翼的女性。拥有严重的自卑和自恋情节。女性情节明显，即是把女性塑造得完美纯洁，符合社会对完美女性的要求，并且，给小说中的女性一个完整而完美的结局。其中的女性她有着诸多的美德和才华，有爱，有情，是你不得不爱的形象。女性主义对女性自身的要求和社会的要求是要正视女性自身的现实情况和要求社会给女性同男性一样的地位，并且女性的形象应该成为自己的欲望主体，而不再是男性的欲望客体。是按女性自身的需求来塑造人物，而不是按照男性的要求来塑造人物。但是书中的简爱，显然符合任何一个男性对女性的要求，虽然她书中一直强调的是，她不美平凡矮小，但这些都被掩盖在她完美的性格之下，她从小在不光明的环境中长大，舅妈家的冷漠和无情，寄宿学校的严苛环境，使她长成一个坚韧的小妇人形象，自尊，坚强，气度不凡，她懂得别人的需要，知道什么时候出现和退出。她符合的是一个男人对于小家碧玉的要求，无所求和懂得适时适当的爱。不单是男主角，我想，任何男性都会喜欢和爱上这样一个形象，并且这个形象是遭女性嫉妒和爱慕的。大多数女性平凡和贫乏，但不是每个人都有那么好的结局，得到完美的爱情，得到尊重，得到财富。而最削减这部作品的女性价值或者直接就是文学价值的部分就是她完美的结局，我不否认我对于悲剧的迷恋，但是我同时非常我喜欢的一个角色能够得到一个好的下场，一个令人微笑安心的结局。我更希望我希望的主角得到一个合理的和有助于欣赏一部作品的结局。而书中，简爱最后得到了一笔丰厚的遗产，拥有了能够和她相亲相爱的亲人。她不再是一无所有，而男主角却变得一无所有了。而作者到这个时候才来给爱情收尾。诚然，这样来说一个好的地方是，女主角爱上男主角，绝不仅仅是因为他的地位财富声望，她爱的是他的这个人。然而这样，开始时候就大篇幅铺垫的女主角要追求的在不平等的地位下平等的爱情感的荡然无存，女主角的自卑终于可以释放，她和他是平等的，不仅是爱情上的平等，而且财富地位上，她们是一样平等的。而且这个时候，男主角失去了一切，财富，健康，年龄，位置颠倒过来了。这部作品被当作一部半自传式的作品，作者艾略特是一个普通家庭的孩子，多次当过家庭教师的经历。并且一直寻求着自身地位的改变。她要写的是一部“受欢迎的，比你们（她的妹妹们）任何的作品都受欢迎的作品”。所以这部作品的主角更是像是一个讨好读者的形象。作者的自卑情结：毫无疑问，简爱是自卑的，自卑的人才要出处维护尊严，处处体现尊严。她是顾忌的，也是客气的。她在小时候的环境中敢于同姨妈针锋相对，敢于反抗表兄的欺负，敢于对学校里不人道不公正的做法反抗。而长大后的简爱，却把这种反抗变成了自知，她成为一个知书达理的，懂得怎么样取悦他人的人。在菲尔德庄园，他要取悦管家，她的小小的学生，她的主人，而且这些她做的一点不差。并且懂得怎么样在这种情况下维护好自己的尊严。同时，这又是自恋的。自恋的女性作品中的女性，能够得到所有男人的爱，同时也得到女人的爱。女性不再是被损害的对象，而变成了承载女性和男性幻想的作品，这些作品中的女性是美丽的，智慧的，通常还是温柔的善解人意的。对男主角的必杀技是温柔体贴加上适当的小性感。男人对她们都是见光死，义无反顾的成为她们的裙下臣。《简爱》毫无疑问有这种自恋倾向，她自卑，同时自恋。她知道自己美，美在那里，并且适当的利用这种美丽。得到大家的好感，而她对别人的眼光其实是恶毒的，舅妈家一家人固然没有什么值得留恋的，暴躁凶横的表哥，白痴无脑的表妹。，无爱心的舅妈。她的学生阿黛勒是一个不慎聪明的会讨人欢心的小玩意，头脑简单的女管家，可笑的约翰表哥，还有那个为人刻薄的英格拉姆小姐一家。在书中，简爱适当的利用了自己的才华和光彩，来对比其他人的苍白，她及变成一个有灵魂的小妇人。自恋，所以得到完满，作品中，没有一个人是完美的，只有她，劣势也变成优势，压倒一切也得到一切。当我试图用女性主义的一些观点来分析的时候，简爱是这样一部作品。她和女性主义的一些源头有关，但她远远达不到女性主义作品的要求，同时，她也不是一部好小说。好小说的意境，特别是哥特式小说所需要的诡谲气氛和神秘变幻的氛围也荡然无存。这部作品，艺术成就上被《呼啸山庄》远远抛下，成为一部通俗小说。真的很像通俗小说，拥有无树的读者，只要稍微读过点书的人都读过，并且得到追捧。塑造了千万女性幻想成为的女性形象，并且也塑造了男性喜欢的女性形象，这就是这部小说在今天我来看所具有的价值。它的地位，被抬的太高，使看小说的人都无法回避，事实上，有更多的好的小说，纯粹的小说值得我们去读。而且这个形象，也成为许多女性对自身状况无法正视的一个阻碍。以为只要保有自尊自爱就能得到一切。其实不是，女性主义兴起一百多年到今天仍然面临着许多的问题。女性不需要的是幻想而是自省，而这，恰恰是这部作品所达不到的。==================================================================我对楼主说的话：关于简爱的论文 百度知道上就能搜出许多 相信你也能看到学术研究到什么程度这个问题你得自己查啊！！到学校学术期刊数据库去搜索啊！在网上查的资料都是非常有限的！刚帮你搜了一下，万方数据库就有，可是校外网看不到呀开题报告你得写清楚，学术界做这个研究，目前有多少篇论文，多少本学术专著，主要从哪些方面切入。你相较于学术界的研究，有那些创新点。姑娘，这样做毕业论文可不行吖！快打起精神来好好读书好好看资料~！加油！
是美国女作家路易莎·梅·奥尔科特根据对自己的家庭及成长过程的回忆，是一本小说化的家庭日记，一本道德家世小说。书中描写了一个家庭中四个迥异的女儿的成长历程。她们经历了一连串的生离死别与生活的磨炼，并在母亲的爱心教导下，终于脱去幼稚的外衣，发挥着各自所长走向成熟。马奇家四姐妹对自立的权力的追求以及她们对家庭的忠诚眷顾构成了一对贯穿全书的矛盾，使故事熠熠生辉，情节生动感人。梅格可以如何高贵、虚荣，却仍然属于马奇家的一员？乔的创造力和躁动的感情可以去到什么程度，而不至于扰乱家庭的安宁，贝思可以如何忘我无私，同时又得以生存下去？艾美可以表现得如何优雅、自私，却仍然得到家人的爱？四姐妹明智、自由地选择了自己的生活道路，她们的归宿虽然各不相同，但都是自强自立精神的结果。马奇家四姐妹对自主权力的追求，以及她们对家庭的忠诚眷顾，成为贯穿全书的两条主要线索《小妇人》一书，处处都受美国著名思想家爱默生的影响。爱默生强调人的个性与尊严，但又主张自我约束。而自立自强却是本书人物性格的共同点，梅格为爱而甘于贫困，乔通过自己的艰苦奋斗而最后成为作家，贝思坦然面对死亡以及以扶弱济困为已任的艾米，她们都具有这样的精神实质。
温馨的圣诞烛光 —浅议《小妇人》 在十九世纪上半叶崛起的美国妇女作家中，出现了一位出生于费城的作家，她的名字叫莎.梅.阿尔考特 ( I,o}rlsr}rnY nLCarr)。她的成名作《小妇人》以年轻读者为对象，成功地塑造了无与伦比的少女乔.马奇的形象，表现了一百多年前美国社会和家庭的文化价值取向以及拓荒精神。阿尔考特也写过其他的作品，但这本书 却受到美国及其他国家的青睐，百余年来，仍脍炙人口，历久不衰，并曾被好莱坞搬上银幕，一再放映。《小妇人》 出版后，美国文坛也引以为傲，因为他们终于也产生了一部可以和英国女作家奥斯汀的《傲慢与偏见》媲美的文学杰作。 《小妇人》全书20余万字，人物包括一个家庭中父母及四个年幼的女儿，邻人，以及他们交往的几个朋友。故事情节贯穿了两个圣诞节，描述一年中四个待嫁的女儿生活周遭发生的点点滴滴的生活琐事。作者文笔描写细腻，人物对话饶富趣味，语调平淡哀惋。无论从情节、人物，还是字数来说，《小妇人》都是一本“小”书，但却是一部杰作，一部令读者阅后难以忘怀的小说，因为她的叙述中显示了一个伟大的主题。这个主题就是友爱、互助、自强不息以及美国民族早期所具有的拓荒者的精神。 所谓拓荒者的精神(PIONEER SPIRTI')，是美国建国之初，在早期移民中产生的一种生活、生存意识。他们披荆斩棘，力启山林，与各种灾难搏斗，用必胜的意志和信念去面对和建设全新的世界。这种生活意识已成为美国 民族社会创业的精神基石，为美国创造了伟大的业绩，同时也成了全人类不断开拓谋求发展的宝贵精神遗产。 拓荒者的精神不仅成为美国社会的普遍意识和精神沉淀，也同时被美国的许多作家作为显形意识而引入文学的主题。从19世纪初叶梅尔维尔的《白鲸记》，梭罗的《湖滨散记》，凯塞的《我的安东妮尔》，以及近代史坦贝克《伊甸园东》等，书中皆隐然地注人了这种意识，或是对这种意识所产生的社会面的各种回应。这些以不同角度写出的作品都成了美国文学的名著。但《小妇人》似乎另具一番柔美的魅力。书中没有一望无际的荒原，没有惊心动魄的起伏情节，但它以生动活泼的笔调，道出四个年幼女儿，在父亲在外作战未归，家庭困苦中一年来的奋斗历程，从细琐的生活中娓娓透出崎岖的生活情景。它的开场很不凡，四个小女儿在客厅中每人一句的对话中，不仅道出她们的心境，也生动地给家庭状况作了简明的素描。同时，也不知不觉地把读者拉进了这揭开的帷幕，随着她们融人了剧中情景。这几小段文字是: 绍一面躺在地毯上，一面嘴里咕噜着说:“如在圣诞节没有礼物，怎样可算是圣诞节呢?，美克低声叹着气，对着她破旧的衣服感慨地说，“贫穷，是最可怕的了。” 小的爱米带着啼嘘的神情，插进来说:“在世界上有许多女孩子有许多很好的东西。 有许多却什么都没有，这未免太不公平了。”倍斯从屋角里，显出得意的态度说着:“但是我们无论如何是父母双全，并且还有姊妹呢!” ……“然而我们现在的父亲呢?并且他不能在最近期内使我们见到他，”绍这样暗然地说。 这是《小妇人》的“开卷第一回也”。生动的字幕，隐隐地透出本书幕后将来可能发牛的种种。对父亲的思念，家计困难下的烦恼，年长姐姐对情感的困扰·一均在小桥流水式的笔触下一幕幕的展开，直到父亲在第二年的圣诞节回家，全家才结束了这困苦跋涉的一年。 《小妇人》全书充满了大量柏拉图式的对话:母亲对女儿们的开导，姐妹之间的慰诫，邻人朋友之间充满友爱互助的交谈，莫不以挚诚的语气道出，使人读后油然产生亲切的共鸣。小说在对话中包涵着大批启示性的谈话，这在创作上是一个大胆的尝试。低手笔的作家往往会弄巧成拙，沦为教条性的口号或说教，但阿尔考特却处理得极为自然。她之所以把这些大道理不露痕迹地融入日常的对话中而不令人生厌，主要是把握了一个道出“真实”的原则。托尔斯泰曾说:“在人生中也象在艺术中一样，有一件事很必要，那就是道出真实。”阿尔考特便把握住了这一点，她在《小妇人》中以真实的态度，道出了生活中的点点滴滴，用“真诚”说出他们心中的情感和对生活的看法。 <小妇人》所述的虽是儿女身边的琐事，但琐细的情节中常常出现极感人的段落:四个姐妹和妈妈正准备欢 度圣诞的早晨，母亲说出附近一个贫苦的女人和一个生了不多时的婴孩躺在那里，她们没有取暖的炉，为了不受寒冷，还有六个没有东西吃的孩子紧紧拥抱着挤在一张床上·。…于是，四个姐妹在母亲的建议下，将她们的早餐 送往这个贫苦的家庭，作为圣诞礼物。另外，在全书进行到大半时，家中突然收到父亲在华盛顿身染重病的不幸消息，母亲一时手足无措，热心的邻人慷慨解囊，终于让短缺旅费的母亲启程前往，得以使卧病远方的父亲获得照料和康复，喜爱音乐，梦想有一架钢琴的年幼儿女，在日后获得邻人赠送一座新钢琴时热泪盈眶的喜悦……凡此种种充满了友爱及人情味的文字不胜枚举。 任何国家的文学名著，会很自然地受到其他经典大师们的影响，尤其是自己本国的前辈作家们。《小妇人》自亦不例外。拓荒和发挥爱心的精神，以及对拓荒后美国社会出现的形形色色的困扰现象，在阿尔考特以前的许多作家中，皆以不同形式的笔调显示出。在她之前，也可以说是她前辈中，出现了数位把美国文学推至高峰的大师。这些人是惠特曼、梭罗、梅尔维尔、霍桑等，他们皆以不同的风格，给美国拓荒后的社会，留下诸多感人而不朽的著作。1x19年出生的惠特曼，以天马行空，一泄千里的笔法，写出了代表当时美国东西部开拓精神的《草叶集》;梅尔维尔以光怪陆离的笔法写出刻画美国冒险精神的《白鲸记》;梭罗则对当时美国拓荒者开创的繁荣社会作出反抗性的回应，他以返璞归真的态度一人跑到幽静的华尔腾居住，写出静化心灵的《湖滨散记》。阿尔特或多或少都受到他们的一些影响。而在这些她前辈的名家中，她似乎特别推崇梭罗。梭罗是她父亲的好友，过往颇密，幼年的阿尔考特纯洁的心灵很可能无形中受到他的感染，梭罗对当时美国专重财富的堕落无法忍受的心态，后来在《小妇人》书中淋漓透出。阿尔考特在1865年所出版的第一部小说《抑恋》，有的文学分析家认为是阿尔考特倾心于梭罗而写的。不知终生未嫁的阿尔考特，在她情感的核心处是否与这有关? 如果是从拓荒及友爱这个主题精神来看，阿尔考特的《小妇人》不唯有“承先”的影子，同时也可熊给后来的美国文化产生了“启后”的作用。这个蛛丝马迹的现象可从维娜.凯塞写的《我的安东妮亚》以及在1968年去世的史坦贝克代表作《伊甸园东》中可看到。凯塞女士的《我的安东妮亚》，描绘了美国垦拓时期居民和大自然的斗争以及人和自然的相互接纳。优美的笔调写出田野的风光与靠土地为生的纯朴居民和土地相喜相泣，共同成长的生活画面。史坦贝克的《伊甸园东》，不仅生动地描述了一个移居到西部的家庭史，同时在情节中深刻地表露了人类在共同努力开创美满生活中所应有的忍耐和宽恕。两书皆以不同的角度提升了《小妇人》中拓荒和友爱的主题。我们无法在这些近代名家的文学传记中找到他(她)们相互影响的确证，但我们很容易发现，他(她)们对这类精神皆有极深厚的认同和体悟。 20余万字的《小妇人》中，前后包括了两个圣诞节，一头一尾，前后照应，以圣诞节开始，又以圣诞节结束。美国文学中提到圣诞节的不止这一本，有的是在情节中自然出现，有的是一笔带过。像《小妇人》这种头尾连续出现两次的情况实不多见。前面提到《白鲸记》，故事就是从一个圣诞节开始的，但那与书中发展的情节并无多大的关联，写的是一群具有冒险犯难精神的水手，在圣诞节那天启程开航，走向惊涛骇浪的大海，最后遇到白鲸，全船和白鲸搏斗，人船俱毁，仅有一人生还。作品固然伟大磅礴，但给人一种惊心动魄的悲壮感。不若《小妇人》那样，给人带来的是乐观进取、亲切温和。阿尔考特似乎也隐然强调:人在应该欢乐的时光中经常会有不幸的事情发生，但为迎接另一个美好的时光，必须作出努力和付出牺牲，《小妇人》一家由父亲不在，没有礼物的圣诞节开始，一直到父亲在第二个圣诞节回家团聚的跋涉困苦一年中，对这种精神作了真实写照。 新大陆的发现已有五百年，新大陆的居民也历经了五百个圣诞节。节日的意义并没有改变，但开国两百年的美国却发生了显著的变化。它从18世纪的移居，19世纪的开拓，20世纪的鼎盛，而在本世纪末期高度繁荣发达的背后却呈现了退化和堕落:人与人之间的疏离，享乐主义，经济萧条，失业者剧升，罪犯增加，社会道德沉沦 等等相继并起。这也是二百年前美国的一批开国先贤所始料未及的。
好多写这个作品的人物性格分析的