英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文
时间过得真快，大学生活即将结束，毕业论文是大学生都必须通过的，毕业论文是一种有准备的检验大学学习成果的`形式，毕业论文应该怎么写才好呢？以下是我整理的英语专业毕业论文答辩陈述稿范文，仅供参考，大家一起来看看吧。
Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am xx and my supervisor is xx. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject of“On Transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills.
The way of thinking and expressing is quite different between Chinese and English. English is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. While Chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often used.
So when we make translation in English to Chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of speech.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and transformation.
Part two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of translation.
Part three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. There are transformed English words into Chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs.
Part four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the problems.
Part five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. It is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. In addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation practices.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. Im xxand come from class xx. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
The title of my paper is choose this as my topic due to the following reasons.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholarss main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
Thats all. Thank you.
摘要：规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。 语言和内容是评判一篇英语论文质量高低的重要依据；但是,写作格式规范与否亦是一个不可忽略的衡量标准。因此,规范英语论文的格式,使之与国际学术惯例接轨,对我们从事英语教学,英语论文写作,促进国际学术交流都具有重要意义。由于英语论文写作规范随学科不同而各有所异,本文拟就人文类学科英语论文的主要组成部分,概述美国教育界、学术界通行的人文类英语论文写作规范,以供读者参考、仿效。 一、英语论文的标题 一篇较长的英语论文(如英语毕业论文)一般都需要标题页,其书写格式如下:第一行标题与打印纸顶端的距离约为打印纸全长的三分之一,与下行(通常为by,居中)的距离则为5cm,第三、第四行分别为作者姓名及日期(均居中)。如果该篇英语论文是学生针对某门课程而写,则在作者姓名与日期之间还需分别打上教师学衔及其姓名(如:Dr./)及本门课程的编号或名称(如:English 734或British Novel)。打印时,如无特殊要求,每一行均需double space,即隔行打印,行距约为(论文其他部分行距同此)。 就学生而言,如果英语论文篇幅较短,亦可不做标题页(及提纲页),而将标题页的内容打在正文第一页的左上方。第一行为作者姓名,与打印纸顶端距离约为,以下各行依次为教师学衔和姓、课程编号(或名称)及日期；各行左边上下对齐,并留出左右的页边空白(下同)。接下来便是论文标题及正文(日期与标题之间及标题与正文第一行之间只需隔行打印,不必留出更多空白)。 二、英语论文提纲 英语论文提纲页包括论题句及提纲本身,其规范格式如下:先在第一行(与打印纸顶端的距离仍为左右)的始端打上 Thesis 一词及冒号,空一格后再打论题句,回行时左边须与论题句的第一个字母上下对齐。主要纲目以大写罗马数字标出,次要纲目则依次用大写英文字母、阿拉伯数字和小写英文字母标出。各数字或字母后均为一句点,空出一格后再打该项内容的第一个字母；处于同一等级的纲目,其上下行左边必须对齐。需要注意的是,同等重要的纲目必须是两个以上,即:有Ⅰ应有Ⅱ,有A应有B,以此类推。如果英文论文提纲较长,需两页纸,则第二页须在右上角用小写罗马数字标出页码,即ii(第一页无需标页码)。三、英语论文正文 有标题页和提纲页的英语论文,其正文第一页的规范格式为:论文标题居中,其位置距打印纸顶端约5cm,距正文第一行约。段首字母须缩进五格,即从第六格打起。正文第一页不必标页码(但应计算其页数),自第二页起,必须在每页的右上角(即空出第一行,在其后部)打上论文作者的姓,空一格后再用阿拉伯数字标出页码；阿拉伯数字(或其最后一位)应为该行的最后一个空格。在打印正文时尚需注意标点符号的打印格式,即:句末号(句号、问号及感叹号)后应空两格,其他标点符号后则空一格。四、英语论文的文中引述 正确引用作品原文或专家、学者的论述是写好英语论文的重要环节；既要注意引述与论文的有机统一,即其逻辑性,又要注意引述格式 （即英语论文参考文献）的规范性。引述别人的观点,可以直接引用,也可以间接引用。无论采用何种方式,论文作者必须注明所引文字的作者和出处。目前美国学术界通行的做法是在引文后以圆括弧形式注明引文作者及出处。现针对文中引述的不同情况,将部分规范格式分述如下。 1、若引文不足三行,则可将引文有机地融合在论文中。如:The divorce of Arnold's personal desire from his inheritance results in “the familiar picture of Victorian man alone in an alien universe”(Roper9). 这里,圆括弧中的Roper为引文作者的姓(不必注出全名)；阿拉伯数字为引文出处的页码(不要写成)；作者姓与页码之间需空一格,但不需任何标点符号；句号应置于第二个圆括弧后。 2、被引述的文字如果超过三行,则应将引文与论文文字分开。 需要加以注意。一是引文各行距英语论文的左边第一个字母十个空格,即应从第十一格打起；二是引文不需加引号,末尾的句号应标在最后一个词后。 3、如需在引文中插注,对某些词语加以解释,则要使用方括号(不可用圆括弧)。 值得注意的是,本例中引文作者的姓已出现在引导句中,故圆括弧中只需注明引文出处的页码即可。 4、如果拟引用的文字中有与论文无关的词语需要删除,则需用省略号。如果省略号出现在引文中则用三个点,如出现在引文末,则用四个点,最后一点表示句号,置于第二个圆括弧后(一般说来,应避免在引文开头使用省略号)；点与字母之间,或点与点之间都需空一格。 5、若引文出自一部多卷书,除注明作者姓和页码外,还需注明卷号。 圆括弧里的1为卷号,小写罗马数字i为页码,说明引文出自第1卷序言(引言、序言、导言等多使用小写的罗马数字标明页码)。此外,书名 A History of English Literature 下划了线；规范的格式是:书名,包括以成书形式出版的作品名(如《失乐园》)均需划线,或用斜体字；其他作品,如诗歌、散文、短篇小说等的标题则以双引号标出,如“To Autumn”及前面出现的“Democratic Vistas”等。 6、如果英语论文中引用了同一作者的两篇或两篇以上的作品,除注明引文作者及页码外,还要注明作品名。 7、评析诗歌常需引用原诗句,其引用格式如下例所示。 When Beowulf dives upwards through the water and reaches the surface,“The surging waves, great tracts of water, / were all cleansed...”(). 这里,被引用的诗句以斜线号隔开,斜线号与前后字母及标点符号间均需空一格；圆括弧中小写的1是line的缩写；21不必写成1621。如果引用的诗句超过三行,仍需将引用的诗句与论文文字分开(参见第四项第2点内容)。五、英语论文的文献目录 论文作者在正文之后必须提供论文中全部引文的详细出版情况,即文献目录页。美国高校一般称此页为 Works Cited, 其格式须注意下列几点: 1、目录页应与正文分开,另页打印,置于正文之后。 2、目录页应视为英语论文的一页,按论文页码的顺序在其右上角标明论文作者的姓和页码；如果条目较多,不止一页,则第一页不必标出作者姓和页码(但必须计算页数),其余各页仍按顺序标明作者姓和页码。标题Works Cited与打印纸顶端的距离约为,与第一条目中第一行的距离仍为；各条目之间及各行之间的距离亦为,不必留出更多空白。 3、各条目内容顺序分别为作者姓、名、作品名、出版社名称、出版地、出版年份及起止页码等；各条目应严格按各作者姓的首字母顺序排列,但不要给各条目编码,也不必将书条与杂志、期刊等条目分列。 4、各条目第一行需顶格打印,回行时均需缩进五格,以将该条目与其他条目区分开来。
论文陈述可以很好地组织和发展论点，并为读者提供关于论点的“指南”。
论文陈述包含以下内容：
1、陈述你对这个主题的主要观点
陈述观点时一定要表达一个主要思想，并陈述你的立场或看法。关于主题，需思考：
2、给出几个支持主要观点的理由
理由要写清楚，一定要用符合逻辑的事实和证据来支持这个理由。
3、给出一个与主要观点相反的观点
一个好的论文陈述要承认论点存在另一面。所以，同学可以在论文陈述中给出一个反论点。
论文陈述写作示例：
1、首先，从一个问题开始。例如：互联网对教育有正面或负面的影响吗?
2、其次，表明你对这个问题的立场。例如：互联网对教育的正面影响大于负面影响。
3、最后，发展你的答案。例如：互联网使用的负面影响被其对教育的诸多好处所抵消：互联网有助于学生和老师更容易地获取信息、接触不同的观点，以及这是一个灵活的学习环境。
硕士研究生考试复试——英语面试之自我介绍1.开场白Good morning. I am very glad to be here for this .姓名，英文名，毕业院校，毕业专业，毕业学院First let me introduce myself. My name is LiShuai, and my English name is Jacky Lee. I've finished my undergraduate education in Xidian University, Majoring in Electronic Science and Technology in the college of Technical .性格，爱好，实践经验I am open-minded, willing and have broad interests like basketball, reading and especially in engineering such as software programming, website design, hardware design. For example, during the past four years, I have accomplished two websites: one is the website of our school, and the other is the website of the doctor forum of china 2007. Furthermore, I am interested in C plus plus programming language and have written some application programs. In July in the last year,I finished my graduate project with flying colors,which was a software application about Image Process . In addition, I have also finished some projects about embedded system by using MCU when I was a .为什么想读研,将来愿意从事的方向,读研时的打算Although I have broad interests in many aspects and grasp the essential knowledge of the major, but I think at present, I can do many things in a superficial level, but not be competent to do things professionally owing to lack of ample knowledge and ability. So I think further study is still urgent for me to realize major that I hope pursue for my further education is IC design. Because I find integrated circuits are playing a more and more important role in our modern society. And nowadays in China, with the recognition by the government, our domestic integrated circuits industry is growing rapidly and that may provide a lot of chances to plan to concentrate on study and research in this field in my graduate time. And I hope I can form a systematic view of micro electronics and IC design technology and make a solid foundation for future profession after three years study .结束语OK, that’s all. Thank you very , my 's a fine day today,and i'm very pleased to meet you of all,i'd like to introduce myself to name is ***,my hometown is ***,which is a really beautiful when i was a young boy,i was very interested in biology one may have a dream,and i still remember that my dream is to be a biology scientist (just like ZHU KE ZHEN).I liked to make wonders just like,where are we from?Where are we going in the universe?And then i would find the answers in book by today i think that interest is the best teacher in one's whole life (and knowledge comes from practice).Second, i will introduce my major in the major is Biological Engineering in *** has a great relationship with biology relationship can be shown with an example: Just like a river,biology science,which often finds new discoveries and theories, is at the head of the my major,which lays more stress on practical use, seems to be at the end of both of them interact well enough,the discovries and theories in biology science can be soon turned into products in all of the modern years' university education gives me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,and a lot of practices to improve teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical ability (such as doing expriment as much as possible). In the university life,i have made many good help me improve my study and research ability, do ererything just like a man,and often give me good example to what i have introduced myself above,i also have many interests in my spare like playing football,which is an effective way i think to improve my body health,and it can teach me how to join in a group and deal with other and writing is another favor to all,i choose the major in order to broad my view in biology scince,and enhance my research will do my best to join the new group and be good at postgraduate afternoon,my dear professors:I'm glad to be here for your of all,I'd like to introduce myself to you.(套话)My name is BY,and I will finish my undergraduate education in ** Medical College this hometown is MAS,a beautiful city in AH is famous as the industry of the environment is often says it'sa flawer of Changjiang River.(介绍自己及自己的背景，重点突出，简洁明了)Everyone have a dream,and even when I was a young girl,my dream is to be a doctor,relief people from misery and turn to the healthy years' college education give me a lot of things to learn,a lot of chances to try,ando lot of practices to inprove myself.(我个人认为这个排比句很好，但是不要说得像在背书)It teaches me not only what to study and how to think,but also to see the importance of practical plan to focus my research in cariology and endodontics(龋病和牙髓病).And I hope I can have a systematic view of it and making a solid foundation for future profession after three years study above,I also have many interests in my spare like swimming and playing speaking,I am a hard working student especially do the things I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.(介绍自己的优点，想怎么夸怎么夸)OK,thank you for giving me the hope to see you again and soon.(结束语)复试中的口试要求从以下三个方面进行评价：1、语言准确性（语法和用词的准确性、语法结构的复杂性、词汇的丰富程度、发音的准确性）2、话语的长短和连贯性（内容的连贯性、寻找合适词语而造成的停顿频率及长短、表达思想的语言长短等）3、语言的灵活性和适合性（语言表达是否灵活、自然，话语是否得体，语言能否与语境、动能和目的相适应）评价成绩为：a优秀--能用外语就指定的话题进行口头交流，基本没有困难b良好--能用外语就指定的题材进行口头交流，虽有些困难，但不影响交流c及格--能用外语就指定的话题进行简单的口头交流 d不及格--不具有口头表达能力口试内容与结构分为两部分，有两名教师参加口试工作，一名教师主持口试，随时与考生交谈并评分；另一名教师专事评分，不参与交谈。两名口试教师所给的分数各占口试成绩的50%。第一部分：考查学生理解并回答有关日常生活、家庭、工作、学习等问题的能力（3分）。第二部分：考查学生连续表达的能力。考生从所给你的问题中选择一个话题，就此话题表达自己的看法（3分钟）。口试用材料（部分,仅供参考）考研复试面试技巧 1.应试者的仪表风度仪表风度是指应试者的体态外貌、穿着举止以及精神状态等。其具体要求是：1.穿着整齐、得体、无明显失误；2.沉着、稳重、大方；3.走路、敲门、坐椅符合礼节；4.精力充沛；5.口语文雅、礼貌。对仪态风度的测定没有专门的题目，而是由考官在整个面试过程中通过观察给应试者一个评定，所以就要求应试者在整个面试过程中保持始终如一的仪态风度。由于在应试者进入考场后，考官首先看到的就是仪态风度，这就使考官在面试正式开始前就对应试者有了个最初的印象，而这个最初的印象将给考官留下很深的印象，并进而影响甚至控制着在正式面试中考官对应试者的评价。正如一位有经验的主考官所说，一个人能否被录用往往在他步入考场的那一瞬间就决定了，虽然此话有些夸张仪态风度对面试的影响，但其重要由此也可见一斑。2.应试者的智力结构（1）观察能力（2）记忆能力（3）注意力（5）思维能力1、介绍你自己及你的专业。?2、你有什么优缺点？?3、你报考研究生的真正动机是什么？?4、请你谈谈你对国内外研究生制度的看法，有什么建设性的意见？?5、你是否有出国的打算，你对出国有什么看法。?6、你有什么特长和爱好？?7、你对自己的学习成绩是否满意？?8、你如何评价你的大学生活？?9、你懂何种语言、熟练程度如何？?10、你为什么报考本单位的研究生？?11、你认为你能通过复试吗？?12、请你设计你的未来职业生涯。?13、请你谈谈你对本专业的设想。实为转载，我觉得他说不错，我在考研究生的时候英语面试首先是介绍自己的基本情况，原来学校的专业情况，对现在学校的了解及以后的发展南规化只要不是录取及面试比例过大，一般刷的情况不太夸张
Good afternoon, professors and everyone. i am ... from ... and my supervisor is professor .... under his encouragement and guidance, i have finished my paper, the title of which is "...". i choose this topic because, first,"...",second,"...". i hope ...now i would like to introduce my paper briefly. this is the outline........我上个月刚答辩过了，这个简洁些就好啦，重点是论文写的好不好，你对自己的论文熟悉程度。问题的话，（我是写翻译的）我那时老师主要问了我是怎样运用理论去分析的，我就当场举了个例子分析了一下。
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
复试概述毕业论文，你可以简要介绍以下几个方面：1、论文的目的和意义。2、论文用到了什么科学方法或技术手段。3、论文具体做了哪些研究内容也就是工作量。4、论文解决了哪些实际问题，或者有哪些创新性观点和建议。
很多小伙伴本科期间也没有发表过论文，那老师怎么知道你是不是个好苗子？有没有科研潜力呢？只有一个办法，就是问你毕业论文咋写的。
1、本科毕业论文和考研复试有关系！2、有些院校在英语口语的面试环节明确规定：会问到你的毕业论文题目内容相关。3、复试应届学生分为四类：跨校考本专业的学生、跨校跨专业但是跨度不大的学生、跨校跨专业且跨度很大的学生和本校本专业的学生。4、教育部日前下发的规定，要求从2021届毕业生开始要对本科生进行抽检（以前只是对硕士博士的毕业论文进行抽检），所以今年就更要好好写啦，不仅是要拿到你的毕业证学位证，也要保证一年之后你的双证不会被收回！5、往届生也同样如此，会涉及到上面谈到的几类学生的区分，那你同样也要再熟悉一下你的毕业论文，不要因为太久了就忘记了，然后出现一问三不知的问题。
I plan to work on the final dissertation after finishing the 2nd round examination.
....3000字，你找代写的也要好几百吧，50分可能没人会搭理你
很多小伙伴本科期间也没有发表过论文，那老师怎么知道你是不是个好苗子？有没有科研潜力呢？只有一个办法，就是问你毕业论文咋写的。
1、本科毕业论文和考研复试有关系！2、有些院校在英语口语的面试环节明确规定：会问到你的毕业论文题目内容相关。3、复试应届学生分为四类：跨校考本专业的学生、跨校跨专业但是跨度不大的学生、跨校跨专业且跨度很大的学生和本校本专业的学生。4、教育部日前下发的规定，要求从2021届毕业生开始要对本科生进行抽检（以前只是对硕士博士的毕业论文进行抽检），所以今年就更要好好写啦，不仅是要拿到你的毕业证学位证，也要保证一年之后你的双证不会被收回！5、往届生也同样如此，会涉及到上面谈到的几类学生的区分，那你同样也要再熟悉一下你的毕业论文，不要因为太久了就忘记了，然后出现一问三不知的问题。
写自己熟悉的题材，比如如果是吃货，可以写下小吃美食，如果是球迷，可以写自己喜欢的球队球星。good luck~
一、 选题的依据、意义和理论或实际应用方面的价值： (一)选题的依据 托妮•莫里森(Toni Morrison，1931—)当代的非裔美国女作家、文学批评家，蓝登书屋出版公司的我、普林斯顿大学人文学科教授。在过去四十年中，莫里森已经创作出版了《最蓝的眼睛》、《所罗门之歌》、《宠儿》等为代表的长篇小说十部和大量的文学评论文章。莫里森的小说具有浓郁的黑人文化特质，主题思想深刻复杂，人物形象丰富立体，叙事话语凝重而不失活泼。这些小说阐释了一个个穿梭于历史与现实、真实与魔幻之间的黑人故事。这些故事既塑造了一个个可怜、可悲的人物形象，也勾勒了一幅幅悲凉、悲壮的美国黑人生活画卷。由于文学创作领域的杰出贡献，莫里森先后荣获了美国小说类图书奖(1978)、普利策文学奖和肯尼迪奖(1988)、诺贝尔文学奖(1993)、美国国家图书基金会杰出贡献奖(1996)和美国国家人文奖章(2000)等。 本课题借用列斐伏尔空间理论框架解读莫里森的小说《爱》。列斐伏尔的“空间理论”并非理论猜想、空间话语、或者抽象模式，而将抽象思考与日常生活体验、历史、文化、经济、社会等多种因素相结合，囊括“空间实践”(spatial practice)、“空间表征”(representation of space)及表征空间”(representational space) 三环节，同时强调三者之间的相互作用及辩证关系，以此阐释社会空间的社会生产。 列氏的空间概念有两点值得注意。其一：拒绝区分物理空间与社会空间，空间在他看来，几乎都是社会空间，因此，空间就等于社会空间。其二：空间主要包含相互间关系，空间不再是静态存在，而动态体现社会现实，展现精神和社会关联。 《爱》是莫里森于2003年10月发表的又一部力作，被评论界誉为“从痴迷、奴役到解放的优美史诗”，是她的写作巅峰。莫里森小说创作的基本主题之一是爱。新作《爱》中讲述了一个黑人家族在民权运动中的兴衰演变。莫里森遵循一贯的寓“政治”于艺术的手法，讲述了一个小范围的大故事。小说以“爱”的异化为线索，涉及到种族、性别、家庭、遗弃、恐惧等，提出的一个重要问题是民权运动究竟在多大程度上改善了黑人的生活状况。 其依据：一方面，《爱》的空间社会性更加突出，体现着虚拟世界的各种复杂社会关系。小说《爱》没有孤立刻画某一人物或事件，人物和事件总是被置于错综复杂的社会关系和空间关系之中，其中种族意识形态、种族主义话语是空间分隔的密码，空间关系突出体现种族现实。小说的种族空间政治潜藏于情感表文本之下。 另一方面，美国后资本主义时期，种族对立不再那么严格，而阶级对立日益明显，性别对立则一如既往。《爱》反映了美国最近种族空间秩序的发展和演变，“丝镇”的空间历史演变体现文本化的美国空间历史，通过分析美国黑人以空间为媒介和工具，以空间占有以及空间秩序的修改为目标的种族出路探寻，从黑人的个体及族群空间体验中，探索莫里森的空间政治书写。 (二)研究的意义和价值 从国内外的研究现状来看，莫里森的研究已经成为热点，而基于空间视角的研究还很少，尤其目前空间研究呈多样化发展态势，空间是一个很好解读莫里森这类经典作家的方向。 本研究主要从故事空间着手分析，小说《爱》中虚构世界的空间关系比莫里森前几部小说更体现种族现实。从莫里森的写作生涯来看，《爱》也可以理解为作者人文关怀的一个阶段性总结。前几部作品所反映的结构社会空间的各种因素在《爱》中被糅合在一起，各种力量相互交织、共同构建社会空间的本质。从空间角度观察种族问题，能更加切实了解、加深认识种族现实，以其能以更加切实有效的方式解决种族问题。空间与身份、空间与种族之间的关联在小说《爱》中有十分重要的体现。莫里森阐明了种族、性别及阶级意识形态的空间结构动力作用，为弱势群体变革空间秩序提供了理论支持。因此，从空间角度观察种族问题，能加深认识种族现实，以其能以更加切实有效的方式解决种族问题。 此外，虚构世界中的各种空间改造之成败得失引导我们持续思考莫里森为解决种族问题而进行的各种探索。 创新点： 传统的非裔文学批评常常注重语言、叙事和声音等非裔主体构建策略，本研究认为：空间也是非裔民众构建主体的重要媒介和策略，空间与身份、空间与种族之间的关联值得重视。从空间这一本时代最为重要的问题之一来研究莫里森的著作，一方面可以为理解作品提供不同视角;另一方面，可以从空间解读中反观人类切实的空间实践，以便更好地理解和把握本时代人类的生存状态与互动机制中的一个侧面。文明的发展带给人类全新的空间体验，空间研究有助于我们更好地把握这些体验，而文学空间问题研究是其中最有效的途径之一。 二、本课题在国内外的研究现状： (一)理论的国内外研究现状 (1)理论的国外研究现状 法国哲学家亨利•列斐伏尔(Henry Lefebvre)出版的《空间的生产》，开创了通往空间性三元辩证法的道路，即空间实践、空间表征与表征空间，即坚持思考空间的每一种方式，无论是物质的、精神的，还是社会的，都应同时被看作既是真实又是想象的、既是具体的又是抽象的、既是实在的又是隐喻的，同时强调三者之间的相互作用及辩证关系，以此阐释社会空间的社会生产。 爱德华•索亚(Edward W. Soja)在继承列斐伏尔的空间基础上提出了的“第三空间”概念。索亚强调，在第三空间里一切都汇聚在一起，既是生活空间又是想象空间，它是第一空间和第二空间的本体论前提，因此第三空间将永远保持开放的姿态，向新的可能性和去往新天地的种种旅程。 米歇尔•福柯(Michel Foucault)在《空间、知识、权利》中强调空间的重要性：“空间是任何公共生活形式的基础。空间也是任何权利运作的基础。”此后福柯又提出了最有名的理论和概念是“空间、权利与知识之间的关系”和“异托邦”，即异质空间”。 目前，“空间转向”催生了空间研究热潮。当下空间研究形式多样、角度多重、术语繁多，看似庞杂繁复，却有着相似的本质，即空间表意研究。 (2)理论的国内研究现状 谢纳在《空间生产与文化表征》书中以空间生产论为理论基础分析中国现代小说，研究文学在文化表征实践过程中如何运用表现、再现、想象、隐喻、象征等表征方式对空问进行意义的编码重组，揭示现代性空间重组的文化政治内涵及其社会历史意义。 包亚明在《空间文化与都市研究》中指出空间的历史性和社会性在中国城市发展中发挥的重要作用，引导我们思考社会、历史和空间的共时性及其复杂的相互依赖关系在都市化进程中的影响。 王笛《成都公共空间、下层民众与地方政治》通过分析各阶层民众公共生活空间与日常生活的关系，阐述了下层民众是怎样一步步丧失了他们的生产空间和文化传统，又怎样拿起“弱者的武器”为自己的命运而抗争的。 此外，国内还有一些“空间书写”和“空间隐喻”方面的研究成果，总体的空间研究呈多样化发展态势。 (二)莫里森的国内外研究现状 国外莫里森研究主要分为三个阶段：(1)起步期，20世纪70年代对莫里森的研究刚刚展开，也就是莫里森第一部小说《最蓝的眼睛》面世5年后，有了第一篇较系统的研究论文《莫里森的小说: 对受挫情感的研究》( The Novels o f Toni Morrison :Studies in Thwarted Senstivity )，分析了《最蓝的眼睛》和《秀拉》两部作品中两位女主角“受挫的情感”。(2)升温期，20世纪80年代末很多黑人美国文学、黑人女性文学专著也都着力探讨莫里森小说，1985年还出现了第一部莫里森研究专著：《莫里森的世界：文学批评探索》。此后，莫里森的研究数量和批评视角呈逐年增长态势。(3)繁荣期，20世纪90年代以来，莫里森研究逐渐走向繁荣。随着莫里森获得诺贝尔文学奖，她的作品更被译成多种语言出版发行，引起了世界范围内的关注与认同，此后，对莫里森的研究和评论呈逐渐增多和加深的趋势。 纵观莫里森的研究视角主要聚焦以下几个方面： 1、女性主义与黑人女性主义 1977年芭芭拉•史密斯发表了《走向黑人女性主义批评》分析了《秀拉》中的黑人女同性恋元素，探讨了小说中黑人女性的经历和女性之间的友谊问题。 2、黑人文学传统与非洲渊源 特鲁迪尔•哈里斯(Trudier Harris)的《虚构与民间传说：托尼•莫里森的小说》(Fiction and Folklore: The Novels of Toni Morrison,1991).希金斯(Therese E. Higgins)的《笃信、宇宙论与民间传说：托尼•莫里森小说中的非洲影响》等。(Religiosity，Cosmology and Folklore：the African Influence in the Novels of Toni Morrison)。探讨了从非洲文化、历史、奴隶制、黑人音乐等角度影响着莫里森小说的创作。 3、心理分析 布兰奇(Eleanor Branch)的《穿过俄狄浦斯之谜：所罗门之歌>中奶娃的自我追寻》(《Trough the Maze of the Oedipal ： Milkman’s Search for Self in Song of Solomon》)运用弗洛伊德的恋母情结以及拉康的镜像理论、自我发展理论等进行了对美国黑人和个人家庭世界的相关解读。 4、生态批评 因为莫里森小说中的自然总是与宗教、种族主义等文化背景紧密联系。勒庖(Lauren Lepow)的《失乐园与复乐园：托尼•莫里森柏油娃>中的二元对立与伊甸园神话》。就从自然与宗教角度探讨了美国黑人的力量与堕落、自然与伤痛的弥合等问题。 5、比较研究 将莫里森与其他黑人作家、女性作家或其他经典作家进行比较的研究不少。如威廉姆斯(Lisa Williams)的《托尼•莫里森和弗吉尼亚•伍尔夫小说中作为局外人的艺术家》(《The Artist as Outsider in the Novels of Toni Morrison and Virginia Woolf》)、麦克(Patricia Mckee)的《生产美国种族：亨利•詹姆斯、威廉•福克纳以及托尼•莫里森》(《Producting American Race : Henry James, William Faulkner, Toni Morrison 》)等。 6、专著、工具书等 《托尼•莫里森百科全书》(The Toni Morrison Encyclopedia)、《托尼•莫里森参考书目》(Toni Morrison： A Bibliography)及《托尼•莫里森世界：小说人物及地方指南》(The World of Toni Morrison：A Guide to Characters and Places in Her Novels)及《托尼•莫里森访谈录》(Conversations with Toni Morrison)。 综上，国外莫里森研究已经成为显学，评论界对莫里森作品的整体评价和诠释一直处于多样化的发展变化之中，其研究视角、方法和切入点都在向丰富多元化发展。 国内莫里森研究： 国内莫里森研究晚于国外，中国对莫里森的译介始于20世纪80年代，杜志卿在2005年发表了《国内托尼•莫里森译介述评》，详细梳理了20世纪80年代以来国内莫里森译介情况。在莫里森获得诺贝尔文学奖后，《柏油孩子》、《爵士乐》、《天堂》等中译本相继出版后， 90年代初，国内莫里森研究才逐渐呈升温状态。但研究对象多集中在《宠儿》、《最蓝的眼睛》、《所罗门之歌》上，对莫里森的近作的相关成果更少。21世纪开始，莫里森研究已经成为热点。通过查阅CNKI等国内中文核心期刊，期刊论文达到6000多篇，还有十几部专著。国内的主要研究状况如下： 目前国内出版了十几部对莫里森研究的专著，其中王守仁、吴新云发表了《性别•种族•文化：托妮•莫里森与二十世纪美国黑人文学》在美国族裔问题的背景下,研究了基于种族、性别问题下的作品与文化的关系。唐红梅发表的《种族、性别与身份认同——美国黑人女作家艾丽丝•沃克托尼•莫里森小说创作研究》将两位极具代表性的黑人女作家进行对比分析，论述了作品中人物身份认同的困境与身份构建的努力尝试。章汝雯的《托妮•莫里森研究》则系统的分析了《所罗门之歌》、《宠儿》、《秀拉》和《爱》几部小说的主题，为我们提供了很多值得借鉴的视角。 以莫里森研究作为博士论文的有20多篇，且目前正呈逐渐上升趋势，其中曾梅的《冲突的思考，融合的启示：托妮•莫里森作品的文化定位》从种族主义为出发点，探讨了莫里森这类经典作家在艺术创作中思想、情感的表达和定位。 国内与国外研究成果的接轨较晚，研究现象相对集中，发展、创新不够。 (三)对《爱》的研究现状： (1)国外研究现状： 在外文网上搜索及百度上查找，很多期刊都对这部小说进行了评论，总结如下： 《芝加哥太阳报》( Chicago Sun-Times)评论被商业作家一再浪漫化的“爱”的主题，在托尼•莫里森笔下剥离了层层伪装，让人感到切肤之痛。 亚马逊网站()肯定了托尼•莫里森的作家地位，称在世作家里，小说开篇写得最值得回味的，除了加西亚•马尔克斯，就是托尼•莫里森。 《观察家》( Observers)评论莫里森“当她开口讲话，整个美国都洗耳恭听”。她是奥巴马、希拉里、厄普代克、拜厄特的文学偶像。 《新闻周刊》(News Week)评论这本小说像一颗致密的星辰，它惊心动魄，又洗练完美，堪称莫里森巅峰时期的成熟之作。 《ELLE》(美国版)称莫里森笔下斑斓世界，丰富的语言，表现人类痛苦、渴望与失落的质感十足的场景，令《爱》充满魅力。 美国总统 奥巴马称她优雅、智慧，是引人瞩目的作家，也是引人瞩目的女人。 美国前第一夫人 凯瑟琳•布什称“她的每一部小说里，爱都是那么艰难、复杂而浓烈，犹如一条深邃湍急的河” 。 托尼•莫里森本人接受访谈时称我写这本书，是想让人回忆那种“不顾一切‘全副身心，没有任何负担地去爱一个人”的感觉。 《出版商周刊》(Publishers Weekly)称爱是一部深刻的小说。莫里森像一个生动的画家描绘人的情绪，通过一个个精美的隐喻，将舒适开放的风格呈现在读者的眼前。 另外，亚马逊网上书评人 Gilbert对该书的风格、主题、人物刻画、叙事方法以及文本内容也多有赞誉。 (2)国内研究现状： ○1 女性主义和黑人女性主义的解读： 唐红梅在《论托尼•莫里森爱>中的历史反思与黑人女性主体意识》通过分析小说的叙述声音,指出只有建构积极的黑人女性形象，黑人女性主体意识才得以表达。 冯丽芬在硕士论文《托尼•莫里森小说爱>中黑人女性的主体性建构》中继续关注在父权制和种族主义下的黑人女性的成长和黑人女性主体性的建构。 李秀清在《女性主体的沦丧与回归——评莫里森的小说爱>》中从黑人内部问题入手, 表明威胁女性主体意识的根源是种族内部的阶级与性别压迫及女性主体意识的丧失。 ○2 从生态批评角度解读 赵莉，崔楠的《种族性别和谐——爱>中的生态女性主义解读》从种族和两性冲突二元制思维模式下女人和自然的关系、生态女性主义意识等视角解读莫里森的政治思想: 以促进种族、性别和自然的全方面和谐发展，让爱起到作用，从根本上改变女性的生活状态。 ○3 从叙事学角度解读： 成思明的《论托妮•莫里森《爱》的叙事技巧》主要从小说多重叙述视角和碎片化的时空机制分析了《爱》中后民权时代的黑人的思想变化。 ○4 从性别研究解读 夏鸿猷在硕士论文《对托妮•莫里森《爱》的社会性别研究》中通过探讨黑人社区里不平等的两性关系，阐述莫里森为重建和谐的男女关系所做出的努力。 苏婷婷，杜志卿的《无法走出过去的阴影——托妮•莫里森笔下的比尔•科西》通过分析一位心灵扭曲的黑人男性形象说明黑人只有重新审视历史，勇于面对过去，才能克服“身份焦虑”，实现自我身份认同。 ○5 从种族、阶级方面解读 肖腊梅《爱与政治——评莫里森的小说爱》将爱恨置于民权运动这个政治语境下,因而带有浓厚的对种族、性别问题的思考意识。 王守仁 吴新云的《对爱进行新的思考——评莫里森的小说爱》探讨了一个重要问题是民权运动究竟在多大程度上改善了黑人的生活状况。 ○6 心理分析解读 言捷智在硕士论文《论畸形的爱——托尼•莫里森 爱> 的心理解读_》以心理学家弗洛姆和罗杰斯的理论为依据,探讨了美国黑人在种族、阶级压迫下畸形之爱产生的原因及解决的方法。 阿卫星在《对莫里森小说爱>中爱的缺失的心理阐释》中通过黑人女性之间失败的友谊以及畸形的婚姻,展示了黑人女性在充斥着父权制和种族歧视的社会中的命运。 ○7 伦理学解读 王瑜在《托妮•莫里森爱>中的伦理解读》中从道德伦理、家庭伦理和政治伦理三个共时的维度分析小说中人物的伦理观。 ○8 其他方面研究 翟文婧在《价值的载体与欲望的对象———托尼•莫里森小说 爱>中的女性身体》中将注意力放在主体性建立的物质基础即人的肉体之上。在伊里加蕾理论的关注下，通过解读灵魂和肉体的分离，揭示女性对自身身体控制的脆弱导致女性无法在沦为 “他者” 的身份中构建自身主体。 王玉括在《爱的魅力与困惑—托妮•莫里森的新作 爱>》中把母爱和自爱作为黑人社区改善男/女、个体/群体关系的建设性力量。 三、课题研究拟采取的方法： 1、文献综述法 文献综述研究法是指根据一定的研究目的或课题需要，通过查阅文献来获得相关资料，全面地、正确地了解所要研究的问题，找出事物的本质属性，从中发现问题的一种研究方法。本课题将利用学校图书馆、网络、杂志等搜集与本课题相关的材料，在充分占有第一手资料的情况下，对材料进行分析、综合，找出充分的论据和理论基础来论证观点。 2、系统分析法 系统分析法是指反映客观整体性的思维方式，要求从客观世界(即研究对象)的整体与要素，整体与层次，整体与结构，整体与环境的辩证统一出发，揭示事物的整体关系与整体特征。系统分析法运用到本课题研究中来，就是要把文本作为一个整体来分析，理清文本内部的层次，发现每个层次之间的联系，发挥其对主题论证的支持作用。 3、文本细读法 文本细读是语义学对文本进行解读的重要方法和显著特征。其基本特征是：以文本为中心;重视语境对语义分析的影响;强调文本的内部组织结构。通过文本细读与理论探讨相结合的方式，运用理论指导文本细度，文本细读阐释理论、发展理论，力图做到文本与理论的有机结合。 四、课题研究中的主要难点以及解决的方法： (一)主要难点 1、本课题在研究过程中会遇到一些理论难题 (1)本课题在研究过程中所运用的空间理论，属于哲学范畴，使得文论理解起来难度加大。 (2)空间理论在其不断发展的过程中对原来一些术语的解释有了新的阐述，在运用的过程中容易出现误区。另外，在理论与文本的结合方面，也有不易把握的因素。 2、相关资料的搜集较难 由于国外对于卡托妮•莫里森的《爱》的研究还没有充分展开，相关研究资料的数量还很有限，尤其是国外的参考文献，收集起来有一定的难度。 (二)解决的办法 1、对于本课题在研究过程中会遇到一些理论难题解决的方法有： (1)借鉴前人分析类似的文本时的思路，寻找灵感和线索多维度地进行分析。 (2)刻苦研读空间理论，找出该理论在文本分析研究中的侧重点。 (3)通过向导师请教，弄清本课题研究过程中的理论难点。 (4)向本学科中有造诣的专家、学者请教。 2、对资料搜集较难的问题，其解决办法有： (1)通过互联网、报刊、书籍寻求资料。 (2)利用我校图书馆查找一些资料。 (3)如果条件允许的话，可以亲自到北京图书馆查找一些资料。 (4)认真研读文本，扎实掌握理论知识，在广度有限的情况下，在深度上下功夫。 五、论文工作日程计划： (一)20XX年9月—20XX年11月：论文开题阶段。 广泛阅读相关论文，完成调研报告，确定学位论文题目，完成开题报告。 (二)20XX年1月—20XX年3月：理论准备阶段。 研读列斐伏尔的相关理论，寻求该课题的理论支持，细化论文提纲，填充必要内容。 (三)20XX年4月—20XX年6月：资料收集阶段。 通过上因特网、本校图书馆等方式搜集相关数据资料，寻求该课题的佐证材料，为毕业论文的撰写提供事实依据。 (四)20XX年7月—20XX年8月：材料分析和理论总结阶段。 将文本及相关资料与理论相结合，探讨不同的人物主体空间诉求和空间实践的过程。确定详细提纲。 (五)20XX年12月前：完成初稿阶段。将相关理论重新梳理，认真修改理论与文本结合分析的不妥之处，完善论文的合理性。 (六)20XX年1月：校订、修改论文。 (七)20XX年3月：定稿，准备答辩。
文学艺术关乎着人生的终极意义，文学作品是我们人类外化的生命。下文是我为大家整理的关于英国文学方面的 毕业 论文优秀 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英国文学方面的毕业论文优秀范文篇1 浅谈英美文学作品中模糊语言的翻译方式 1、英美文学作品中的模糊性 模糊性是大多数语言所具有的内在属性，模糊语言在我们的语言交流中是不可避免的。罗素在1923年写的一篇有名的论文《论模糊性》中指出：“整个语言或多或少是模糊的”。汪培庄为伍铁平所著《模糊语言学》所做序中开宗明义地指出：“模糊性是非人工语言的本质属性，因而是语言学所不能回避的对象。” 文学作为一种语言艺术。其重要的特点就在于形象性。基本上大多数读者都是通过在脑海里的再造想象欣赏文学作品的，这种再造想象的特征之一就是模糊语言。也正是这种模糊语言的使用，极大程度上拓展了读者的视野和想象空间，也彰显了文字的魅力。典型的一段如莎士比亚在《王子复仇记》中一句“to be，or not to be”短短几个词引起了读者无限的遐想和解读，同时也让这句话获得了旺盛的生命力。 2、英美文学作品中模糊语言的翻译方式 翻译就好像婚姻一样，它是一种互相妥协的文字艺术。同样的语言翻译也是拥有不同语言以及不同 文化 背景的人跨文化交流的一种手段。优秀的语言翻译带来的是成功的交流，而劣质的翻译也会导致误解。在这样重要的情况下，翻译就会显得异常重要，面对不同的语言，翻译者就需要采取恰如其分的翻译方式，以实现不同语言的信息成功传递。从某种程度上说，成功的文学翻译也是对原著作者精神的模糊转达。 、符合原文精神 文章 翻译的首要 方法 就是以对应的形式再现原文的模糊语言美感。比如杰克·伦敦的《马丁·伊登》卷首引诗：Let me live out my years in heat of blood/ Let me lie drunken with the dreamer’s wine/ Let me not see this soul-house built of mud/ Go toppling to the dust a vacant shrine! (让我在热血沸腾中度此一生! /让我在醇酒般的梦幻里醉沉!/莫使我眼见这 泥塑 的肉身，/终以空虚的躯壳毁于泥尘!) 译文里面的语言就是诗歌创作中形象与模糊思维互相交感的出品，翻译可谓是恰如其分，不但精确化，还模糊化，文章美感仍在。如此译文更激发读者的 想象力 ，使语言具有活力。 、模糊描述，再现意象美 翻译者在翻译英美文学作品的时候，要充分运用模糊描述，再现原作中人物意象模糊所创造的美感。比如在小说《达·芬奇密码》中丹·布朗运用了一连串的意象语言，目的就是为了形容兰登的模样。对原文作者来说，这些人物的外形描述的内涵隽永而且意味深长，也是作者布朗对小说主角兰登形象刻画的一种表达，所以这些模糊语言描述也具有了象征意味，相对读者来说，这些形象描述之外的意义能否转化为读者的意向就不得而知了。但是在中文译本中，翻译者就对此进行了有利的铺垫，比如“锐利的眼睛”、“一片暗色的胡碴”等等，就无形中为下文的“书卷气吸引力 ”进行了较为有利的铺垫也是成功地保留了原文的意象美感。 、模糊单词的翻译 各种语言都普遍存在着一种现象那就是模糊性，在一般情况下，如果一个单词在一种语言中的概念是模糊的，那么在另一种语言中也会同样存在模糊的概念。所以这样的话，我们就可以采用模糊对模糊的翻 译原则翻译。比如在王佐良所译Thoughts on Various Subjects 中的有一句，如下：“Complaint is the largest Tribute Heaven rec Eives， and the sincerest Part of our Devotion.”翻译为“怨言是上天 得自我们的最大贡物，也是我们祷告中最真诚的部分。”在这里翻译者将文中的模糊单词“largest”和“sincerest” 翻译成 “最大”和“最真诚”大概是最合时宜的翻译了。一般来说，在模糊 语言的翻译中，运用“模糊对模糊”的原则是最常见得，也是最省力的。 但是也有些特殊的情况，由于模糊词与其邻词之间的清晰度不明显，导致在翻译的时候会出现一些偏差，所以就要运用某些目 标语 中的表达来翻译原来语言中的模糊词。 比如:Stood up and looked out of the window on the calm summer night through which I was journeying， noting the pale reminiscence of day that still lingered in the northern sky. (A. G. Gardiner: A Fellow-Traveler) 站起来眺望旅途窗外那沉寂的夏季的傍晚，注视着那白日的暗淡余晖仍逗留在北方的天空。从客观上来说，“night”可以翻译成“傍晚”和“晚上”，这是两个边界不很清晰的模糊词汇。之所以把“night”翻译成“傍晚”一来这样翻译忠于原文、也通顺的传达了原文的意思，而来使读者容易理解，也便于接受。 由于模糊词具有丰富的意义和内涵，有些时候翻译者也会根据具体的语境，翻译时采用更为精确的语言，使的翻译文章更加出彩。由此也可以看到翻译者的巧妙地翻译方式。 3、结论 从某种意义上讲， 文学语言的 艺术是一种模糊语言的艺术。在文学作品中，模糊语言的使用不仅拓展了读者的视野，拓展了读者的想象空间，也还增强了文学语言的艺术魅力，所以，文学翻译显得尤为重要。而文学翻译成功的关键就是掌握好翻译策略将文学作品中的模糊语言翻译好。在翻译的时候，翻译者要充分调动自己的翻译意识，要尽可能把握原作的精华。同时，翻译者也要充分发挥主观能动性，发挥自己的想象力再现原作的模糊意蕴。 英国文学方面的毕业论文优秀范文篇2 论西方 典故 与英美文学 教育 摘 要:英美文学教学的困难之一是学生面对西方典故的困惑。要解决这个问题,就要在教学过程中适当导入一些《圣经》、希腊罗马神话、世界名著和西方历史的相关内容,提高学生对西方典故的敏感度和熟悉度,加强学生的文学鉴赏力和文化素养。 关键词: 英美文学西方典故;《圣经》;希腊罗马神话;世界名著 在目前英语教学实践中,由于培养实用型外语人才思想占据主导地位,人们对 英语学习 的目的日趋功利,对口语大力提倡,对等级考试和各类水平测试给予极大的关注,英美文学等人文学科教育的作用似乎渐渐被人遗忘。而中西文化传统存在的巨大差异在中西文学传统中都突出地表现出来,使得传统的英美文学课在高等院校英语教学实践中遭遇到前所未有的挑战。高校英美文学课遇到的重重障碍的表现之一就是英语典故的运用。 典故(allusions)作为一种修辞手段,在文学作品中起着令人不可忽视的作用。恰当地运用典故,可以更透彻地说明事理,更有效地表达思想,更有力地抒发感情,可以增强语言的精炼性,形象性和生动性,强化艺术效果。事实上,在教学过程中适当导入一些《圣经》、希腊罗马神话、世界名著和西方历史的相关内容,提高学生对西方典故的敏感度和熟悉度,不仅使学生获得必要的文学知识,而且可以促进学生对英美文学作品的理解,增强他们对西方文化的了解,帮助他们提高对英语的欣赏能力和实际运用能力,从而激发他们的英语学习兴趣。 一、 《圣经》与英美文学 《圣经》是__的一部经典,由于它在世界上的广泛传播,对西方各国的文学艺术都产生深远的影响。在英语民族文学艺术史上,有不少伟大的诗人,剧作家,小说家和艺术家都采用《圣经》中的 故事 和 传说 为题材,创作出许多诗歌,戏剧,小说,音乐和绘画。而更多的故事传说和只言片语则进入英语日常用语,成为广泛使用的《圣经》典故。 英美作家引用《圣经》典故的方法主要有:直接引用《圣经》中的词句或人名作为作品标题或人物名称,或直接引用《圣经》故事或对原型故事进行变形处理。通过比喻、隐喻或象征等手法,把《圣经》故事的寓意融汇到作品的情节或人物的性格里,使这些故事发挥有力的陪衬作用。如Shakespeare所著的《威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice)中,当Portia假装肯定Shylock 这一磅肉(a pound of flesh)合同时,Shylock高兴地喊道:“A Daniel come to judgment! Yea, a Daniel!--- O wise young judge, how I do honour thee!”Daniel是《圣经》中希伯来预言家,他聪颖过人,公允无私,执法如山。在这里,用这一典故把Portia比作智慧而又刚直不阿的法官。这样的艺术效果是十分强烈的。 二、 古希腊罗马神话与英美文学 希腊文化和罗马文化是西方文明的摇篮,其中古希腊罗马神话更是英美语言和文学作品中典故的重要来源,在整个西方文学史上有着极其光辉灿烂的一页。在英美文学作品中,以这些 神话故事 为背景或主题的作品更是不胜枚举。 以希腊神话为第一来源的《荷马史诗》可谓开西方文学之先河,深受西方人的熟悉和喜爱。中世纪伟大诗人但丁的力作《神曲》,虽然写的是__道德主题,里面却用了不少希腊神话故事。 十七世纪古典主义作家的悲剧中,大量采用希腊神话故事。弥尔顿的《失乐园》虽以《圣经》故事为主题,但诗句中却随处可见希腊神话的典故。在拜伦的《哀希腊》(The Isles of Greece)一诗中,出自希腊神话的典故更是比比皆是,而这些典故均为英语民族所熟悉。又如现代作家.劳伦斯名作《儿子与情人》所表现的“恋母情结”的主题,就是源自希腊神话俄狄蒲斯(Oedipus),通过隐喻与象征的手法使得这篇名作主题更加鲜明突出。 三、世界名著、民间传说、 寓言故事 与英美文学 一些脍炙人口的世界名著,民间传说,寓言故事等都为英语语言文学提供了许许多多富有表现力的典故。莎士比亚戏剧(Shakespeare’s plays),《一千零一夜》(Arabian Nights),《伊索寓言》(Aesop’s Fables),《安徒生 童话故事 》(Andersen’s Fairy Tales And Stories)等等,都为英语民族所喜闻乐见。因此,它们入典成为英美文学的组成部分也是顺理成章的事。 莎剧《哈姆莱特》(Hamlet)中的哈姆莱特是为父复仇的丹麦王子,由于他生性犹豫不决,致使复仇计划一再延误。现在Hamlet便用来比喻忧郁不满而又优柔寡断的人。《伊索寓言》在欧洲文学史上有着深刻的影响,成为寓言诗人的创作源泉,经常为后代作家所引用,成为寄托教训,说明事理的典故。 酸葡萄(sour grapes),是指《伊索寓言》中的狐狸,因够不着葡萄而把它称为“酸葡萄”,来聊以自慰。披着羊皮的狼(a wolf in sheep’s clothing),则指装扮成正人君子的敌人,而“cry wolf”(喊狼来了)则用来指发虚假警报。又如《一千零一夜》中的《芝麻开门》(Open Sesame),童话故事中的《灰姑娘》(Cinderella),德国民间传说中的人物《浮士德》(Faust)等等,早已在英美文学中屡被运用。 由于历史的传统和文化的背景不一样,不同的民族都有自己的典故。引用典故,已成为世界文学传统的修辞艺术。典故可以激发学生的想象力,还能增强语言文学的感染力,往往能收到言简意赅的效果。英美文学课是培养学生人文精神,提高文化修养和英语素质不可或缺的课程。因此,在英美文学课程中增加典故的教学内容,不仅符合英美文学教学大纲要求,还体现了英语专业语言教学的趣味性和活泼性。这样做不仅可以活跃课堂气氛,更重要的是,能使学生感受真实的客观的、原汁原昧的英语语言,体验经典精邃的文学语言的表达魅力,切实提高学生的文学鉴赏力和文化素养,达到教学目的。 参考文献: [1] 于娜. 中西文化导入与英美文学教学[J].文教资料,2005,(26). [2] 郭慧. 英美文学与英语学习[J]. 辽宁工学院学报,2006,(5). [3] 赵亦倩.英美文学课堂中的文化渗透[J]. 考试周刊,2008,(30). [4] 胡文仲. 语言与文化[M]. 北京外语教学与研究出版社,1998.