The college of liberal arts education secretary professional[abstract] the document writing of the main body of the quality training in official document writing activities play an important role. Official document writing staff how the literacy, it not only directly affects the quality of the official document to write the making and official documents of the play to utility, and at the same time also affected the authority to handle affairs the efficiency of high and low. As is known to all, the document writing personnel to belong to the document writing the subjective category. Will the document writing the research situation of the look, so far, the research strength of official writing mainly concentrated in the general theory, WenZhong deals with the document writing mode. And in the subjective aspects of official writing both vertical or horizontal research can say basically has not developed. Therefore, this article attempts from the reality of document writing, the official document writing staff the importance of literacy, elements and its preliminary training methods, this paper aims to cast r. jade, cause to discuss.[key words] the document writing; The document writing staff; Literacy; Training ways
Meek son of Shangguan lifetime twists and turns, springs from noble ancestors but not having become a member of imperial court for the slave, fourteen-year-old appoints for the government official, exercise the Yu Wu queen and be hit by the Zong period , of not having a prime minister, but, have reality of prime minister , two dynasty to monopolize all the praises , weigh land under heaven. Get volts in the political struggle, in complex and volatile politics incident, still, the meek son of Shangguan is difficult to succeed in escaping fatalistic that the fate is compared to , dies a violent death ultimately between traveling each edge Yu political groupings, within supreme feudalist society of imperial power. The meek son of Shangguan is one of representative of the Tang Dynasty female poet. Her poetry and song form is unitary since the bag restricts, only has the boudoir resentment expressing emotion and visiting a garden writing two kinds upon the emperor's order. She carries out creation, and reforms FOAK unceasingly above the basis inheriting " the Shangguan body's" , talent and politics making use of self literature affect the activity choosing talented person , organizing literature , lead a poet stepping off imperial court, do not write poetry and song creation upon the emperor's order in the imperial court who rigidly adheres to tradition, the type , the literature expanding having enriched poetry and song have affected , meteorological phenomena has made for realizing popular magnificent grand Tang
Ms SHANGGUAN life twists and turns, well-born not as a slave to the court, 14-year-old official appointments, activities and in cases in武后period, not the name of the prime minister, but the real prime minister, the United States of two professionals, weighing the world. Ups and downs in the political struggle, in the complicated and ever-changing political events, the maneuver between the various political groups, in the imperial supremacy of the feudal society, SHANGGUAN Ms is still difficult to escape the ultimate fate than life, died a violent death. Ms SHANGGUAN is representative of the Tang Dynasty poet, one female. Living environment as a result of restrictions on the form of a single of her poems, lyrical and park only闺怨should be two types of system. She inherited "SHANGGUAN body" to create the basis, and continue to reform and innovation, the use of their literary talents and political influence the selection of personnel, organization literary activities, and lead out of the court poet, and not rigidly adhere to the traditional court system should be poetry, enriched the poetry of the type, the impact of the expansion of literature for the realization of the magnificent grand weather has contributed to the Tang dynasty. Keywords: Legend of the impact of life over the same period SHANGGUAN poetry's Add: rapid response to my satisfaction, then increase the reward
标题翻译如下The tray talks about meek son of Shangguan poetry and song creation and their literature effect内容翻译如下Meek son of Shangguan lifetime twists and turns, springs from noble ancestors but not having become a member of imperial court for the slave, fourteen-year-old appoints for the government official, exercise the Yu Wu queen and be hit by the Zong period , of not having a prime minister, but, have reality of prime minister , two dynasty to monopolize all the praises , weigh land under heaven. Get volts in the political struggle, in complex and volatile politics incident, still, the meek son of Shangguan is difficult to succeed in escaping fatalistic that the fate is compared to , dies a violent death ultimately between traveling each edge Yu political groupings, within supreme feudalist society of imperial power. The meek son of Shangguan is one of representative of the Tang Dynasty female poet. Her poetry and song form is unitary since the bag restricts, only has the boudoir resentment expressing emotion and visiting a garden writing two kinds upon the emperor's order. She carries out creation, and reforms FOAK unceasingly above the basis inheriting " the Shangguan body's" , talent and politics making use of self literature affect the activity choosing talented person , organizing literature , lead a poet stepping off imperial court, do not write poetry and song creation upon the emperor's order in the imperial court who rigidly adheres to tradition, the type , the literature expanding having enriched poetry and song have affected , meteorological phenomena has made for realizing popular magnificent grand Tang contribution.文章有些长、、望认真看完、、标准人工翻译、、希望可以帮助你、、
随着毕业季的结开始，各位本科生也开始了毕业论文的创作，在论文写作过程中我们肯定需要查询国内外该领域的论文，英文翻译因此也是必不可少的，不论是汉译英还是英译汉都在科研中有很重要的作用。
今天，笔者将对常见的在线翻译工具进行评估，希望你能找到最合适的翻译助手。
大名鼎鼎的Baidu翻译，也是我在论文创作是最常用的翻译工具。
这款软件的整体翻译效果无功无过，英汉翻译部分与GOOGLE类似，但其不会将论文里的Milk无脑翻译成牛奶。汉英翻译部分的翻译更加口语化，尤其是在SCI写作中，不推荐将汉英翻译后的文字直接使用。
MC推出的翻译引擎，也是edge browser内置的全网页翻译引擎，具有与Google类似的翻译效果。
在英汉翻译中，与Google翻译相比，一些句子的语序翻译更接近汉语的表达方式，但从句的翻译效果不如Google翻译。
与Google相比，汉英翻译水平并不理想。然而，与Google翻译一样，它也是浏览器的内置翻译引擎，专注于翻译的速度和便利性。
作为一款入门级翻译软件，Google翻译基本上是家喻户晓的名字。Google浏览器内置了完整网页翻译引擎，无论是汉英翻译还是英汉翻译，都能基本满足科研需要。
然而，它也会犯一些常见的错误。例如，当从英文翻译成中文时，它会将乳脂翻译成牛奶。
但是，由于其广泛的适用性，Google翻译是相当好的快速阅读或粗略翻译文件的工具。
以上是笔者使用各种翻译工具与大家分享的一些感受和经验。最后，我希望每个人都能根据自己的领域找到适合自己的翻译软件。
英文学术文献翻译的软件有很多，罗列后分为以下三个类型：
根据泛读→精读→学习英语
第一类是需要泛读英文文献材料，就需要一个软件能够大段大段的翻译，这个时候不要求翻译的一个精准度，只要求能够大概的意思能够翻译到位，不要把专业词汇翻译成口语化的词汇就行。这一类一般常用的知云文献翻译，一篇文献它可以给你广泛性的进行翻译，可以初步的对摘要进行一个整体的了解，来判断这篇文献是不是符合要求。
第二类是精读的时候往往需要去对其中某一段的意思，做一个详细的翻译。这个时候推荐百度翻译、谷歌翻译和欧路词典结合，百度翻译能翻译出一些学术性的词汇，但是对一些你特别想要了解的词汇，还是需要借助词典来进行补充，也非常适合你平时想在iPad上面进行学习和翻译。
第三类是精读的同时还希望能够把不认识的单词都给记录下来，一般用的是一个插件Burning Vocabulary，这个插件可以在网页上把不认识的单词通过双击给你展示出来，然后你可以复制在自己的word里头，甚至可以导入到不背单词里头进行学习。
作为一名留学生，我有时也需要翻译一些学术类型的文献。所以，我有几款常用的英文学术文献类的翻译软件，下面就由我来分享几种英文学术文献的翻译软件。
01 DeepL
DeepL是我经常使用的英文学术文献翻译软件之一。这款翻译软件相对能够比较准确地翻译，同时它还会提供同义词供使用者参考。更重要的是，DeepL还能翻译整个文献，支持PDF，Word和PPT格式的文献，这就方便了很多。
用DeepL 翻译文献时，一些学术性的单词和语句都能翻译得比较自然。就像文献中常见的代词，该翻译软件能够准确翻译对应前面所说的名词，所以它能更贴近原文的意思。
02 Google translate
Google translate是最常见的翻译软件之一。我推荐这款翻译软件主要原因是它能够快速翻译出使用者所需要的文章或语句，这能节省一些时间。它还提供各种同义词，只要点击某个单词，下面就会出现多个同义词，所以这比较方便使用者替换单词。
我也常用Google translate来翻译文献。但我发现用这款翻译软件翻译整篇文献时，翻译出来的意思会与原文有一些出入，尤其体现在某个句子中。可我将整篇文献分拆几个段落来翻译，可以看到翻译得更贴近原文的意思。因此，建议读者可以通过一个大段落来翻译以保障准确度。
03 Copy translator
Copy translator翻译软件相对来说可能比较少人用，该软件只能下载安装使用，不像其他翻译软件能在线使用。对于Copy translator，它的好用之处在于它可以自动识别学术文献，同时自动删掉一些无用的符号。还有，在该翻译软件翻译整个文献，它能够保持本身的排版，这就更加方便使用者。
以上就是我向大家推荐的三种英文学术文献翻译软件，总的来说都是比较好用的。但实际还是会有出入，所以建议大家要适当使用。
"论文翻译软件哪个好用"？很多小伙伴想要在第一时间找到自己需要的软件，那么今天小编就为各位带来了"论文翻译软件哪个好用"，希望能够帮助大家，一起来看看吧！1. 论文翻译 软件类型：安卓APP 软件介绍：论文翻译是一款技术专业强劲的翻译手机软件，支持拍照翻译、文档翻译、视频语音翻译等多种多样翻译方式，协助您轻轻松松提升_言天然屏障。2. SCI Translate(论文翻译软件) 软件类型：电脑软件 软件介绍：写毕业论文是主要是为客户提供论文写作服务的系统软件，在这儿不但有很多不要钱的论文参考，也有专业性的知名老师给你线上指导创作，更提供大学毕业论文范文和文章推荐发布服务，适用毕业论文文章查重服务，使你论文5. 论文检测软件 软件类型：电脑软件 软件介绍：知益(先锋)论文检测查重软件是一款免费的论文检测查重软件，知益(先锋)论文检测查重软件操作简单，功能实用，可以帮助用户下载论文，自动修改，检测论文。以及批量检测论文，和论文评分报表。
那些翻译都是机器翻译的 很不准确 语法错误很多的 老师一看就看出来了
准毕业生必备论文PDF翻译神器
智能翻译官是一款超级专业的翻译工具，支持多种格式， 不仅可以翻译PDF文件， 还能翻译各种文本、文档、图片，功能性超级强大!操作也非常简单，翻译的准确率也完全不在话下!
打开智能翻译官软件，所有功能一目了然，非常简洁。我们找到PDF文档翻译， 直接点击“文档翻译”按钮就好
点击“添加文件夹”完成上传，或者“选择文件”进行批量上传，也支持拖拽上传哦，操作非常简单，支持DOC、DOC X、PDF、PP TX等文档格式， 可以满足我们的多种需求
然后选择原文语言，以及所要翻译语言类型，软件支持互译语言不下十余种，世界上主流语言统统都可以翻!可根据需求选择对应语言，然后选择“输出路径”就可以开始翻译
翻译完成的文档我们可点击“查看文件”或者选择“查看”标识按钮，实现与原文对照阅览翻译后的文本与原文对比内容一致，并无乱码情况，效果很不错
这款软件不仅可以转换PDF， 还可以对PDF进行翻译!平常接触PDF较多的小伙伴， 一定要把这个软件给我焊死在电脑上!
首先， 我们打开软件进入到操作页面， 找到PDF翻译选项， 添加需要翻译的PDF文件
选择翻译语音，除了中文，还支持支持英语、日语、法语、俄语、德语等26种语言的互译。再设置一下转换后的位置，点击开始转换
即将拿到毕业证，论文答辩在，答辩时老师指出了格式上的问题，整理后在系统提交了最终稿，现在需要存档，但导出的文档有些问题需要继续改，脑壳痛痛我学姐推荐的北京译顶科技那边做的不错，你可以考虑一下。知道更多可以加速去知道了解下。
很遗憾目前是没有完全没有错误的翻译器的（据我所知）如果lz一点英语基础都木有建议找专人翻译，但是如果仅个别的不会，那么google翻译比别的都稍微好一点点只能说。
近几年在发生了一系列的虐待动物事件，从清华大学机电系学生刘海洋在北京动物园用硫酸伤熊事件再到“虐猫事件”、“打狗事件”、“虐狗事件”、“虐兔事件”每一次虐待动物事件发生后，都能看到媒体和公众的谴责声以及反思声。但是，除了国家林业局、住建部出台不得虐待表演野生动物的规定外，媒体和公众的声讨并没有从根本上遏制虐待非野生动物事件的发生。法律作为调节社会关系的一个重要环节我们却在这上面无法可寻无法可依。完善动物福利立法，提高动物福利，不仅关系到人类的健康发展，同时还能促进我国经济的发展，与国际接轨，这是摆在我们面前最现实的利益，也是我们必须所要求的，所以为改变我国动物福利的现状，我们必须制定专门的动物福利法并修改刑法来实现这一目的。A serious animal abusement affairs have occoured in recent as, the student Liuhaiyang from machinary major in Qinghua university assult the bear by vitriol, the cat abusement, the dog been beaten, dog abusement, rabbit abusement. Everytime, after this affair,we see the condemination form media and public and also hear the regreting words from them. But all of this has not fundermantaly cured the abuse of wild animals except the regulations reluctantly published by the National forestry bureau and establishing these affairs, we have no law to cling to as law itslef is the major joint of adjusting social the law of animal wellfare and improve it ,this not only relate to the health development of human being ,but also serve the promoting of nation economic ,as well as catch up the pace with the international word. This is the most realistic benifit lie in front of us and the this we must do as , we must formulate specialized animal welfare law and adjjust the crime law in order to improve the current status of animal welfare in our country.
这里有很多的,你可以找下有没有?我找了好长时间才找到的哦.中文免费论文地址集锦 一、 综合类 1、蓝之韵论文 门类较全。 2、学生大论文中心 3、蜂朝无忧论文网 门类很全。 4、论文下载中心 门类很全。 5、论文帝国 二、 教育类 1、教研论文交流中心 以中小学教育为主，基础教育、英语教学文章居多。 2、教育教学论文网 以教育论文为主，包含：语文论文 美术论文 物理论文 化学论文 英语论文 历史论文 德育论文 教学论文 数学论文 音乐论文 生物论文 自然论文 体育论文 地理论文 摄影论文 劳动技术 农村教育 毕业论文 素质论文 医学论文 电子电器学 思维科学 计算机论文 活动课教学 书法篆刻论文 创新教育研究 心理健康教育 西部教育论文 信息技术论文 3、教育论文 4、中国园丁网论文大观 5、北大附小学校教师的文章： 三、 专业类 1、优秀论文杂志 以科技类为主。 2、论文资料网 以财经经济管理类为主。 3、法律图书馆 文如其名。 4、法学论文资料库 文如其名。 5、中国总经理网论文集 6、mba职业经理人论坛 7、中国农业在线-农业论文 8、体育论文 9、财经学位论文下载中心 10、公开发表论文_深圳证券交易所 11、中国路桥资讯网论文资料中心 12、论文商务中心 13、法律帝国： 四、 论文写作教学类 1、学术论文 其实是学术论文的写作网站。 五、 博硕士论文 1、论文统计 实际上就是万方的论文统计。 2、台湾博硕士论文咨讯网 3、北京大学学位论文样本收藏 4、学位论文 （清华大学） ] 中国科技论文在线 论文中国 : 新浪论文网分类: 中国论文联盟: 大学生论文库 论文资料网: 论文下载中心: 毕业论文网: 学位论文: 无忧论文网: 北京语言文化大学论文库:
中国是世界上机械发展最早的国家之一。中国的机械工程技术不但历史悠久，而且成就十分辉煌，不仅对中国的物质文化和社会经济的发展起到了重要的促进作用，而且对世界技术文明的进步做出了重大贡献.传统机械方面，我国在很长一段时期内都领先于世界。到了近代由于特别是从18世纪初到19世纪40年代，由于经济社会等诸多原因，我国的机械行业发展停滞不前，在这100多年的时间里正是西方资产阶级政治革命和产业革命时期，机械科学技术飞速发展，远远超过了中国的水平。这样，中国机械的发展水平与西方的差距急剧拉大，到十九世纪中期已经落后西方一百多年。新中国建立后特别是近三十年来，我国的机械科学技术发展速度很快。向机械产品大型化，精密化、自动化和成套化的趋势发展。在有些方面已经达到或超过了世界先进水平。总的来说，就目前而言中国机械科学技术的成就是巨大的，发展速度之快，水平之高也是前所未有的。这一时期还没有结束，我国的机械科学技术还将向更高的水平发展。只要我们能够采取正确的方针、政策、用好科技发展规律并勇于创新，我国的机械工业和机械科技一定能够振兴，重新引领世界机械工业发展潮流。就小型夯实机械而言：上世纪60年代以前，我国小型夯实机械非常缺乏，很多小型场地的夯实基本上采用人工夯实。上世纪60年代初期，长沙建设机械研究所与北京建筑工程学院等单位合作，在群众性技术革新成果的基础上总结发明了具有中国特色的蛙式夯实机，1962年获国家科技发明奖。蛙式夯实机结构简单，维修、使用方便，很快成为我国60年代夯实机械的主导产品。据不完全统计蛙式夯实机累计产量达到50000多台，在我国经济建设中发挥了重要作用。70年代以后，蛙式夯实机逐渐被性能更先进的振动冲击夯和振动平板夯所替代，目前蛙式夯实机已经很少，基本被淘汰。1964年，长沙建设机械研究所开发了HB120型内燃式夯实机，开始由上海工程机械厂生产，后来主要由津市洞庭工程机械厂生产，年产量200台左右。80年代，内燃式夯实机产品质量有较大提高，曾出口东南亚和非洲地区。90年代以后，内燃式夯实机产销售量也在逐渐减少，目前只有少数小型民营企业生产。1977年，长沙建设机械研究所和柳州市建筑机械厂开发了我国第一台HZR250型和HZR70型振动平板夯，这两种产品分别于1979 年和1982年通过了由建设部组织的鉴定。随后义乌建筑机械厂、四平建筑机械厂、安阳振动器厂、津市洞庭工程机械厂等多家企业都开始生产振动平板夯。1986年长沙建设机械研究所又开发了较大的HZR450型振动平板夯。上世纪90年代以后，振动平板夯在我国有了较快的发展，产品品种、规格和生产企业增多，国外的振动平板夯陆续进入中国市场。1983年，长沙建设机械研究所和湖北振动器厂联合开发了我国第一台HZR70型振动冲击夯，1984年通过了由建设部组织的鉴定，1985年获建设部科技进步三等奖。由于振动冲击夯具有压实效果好、生产率高、体积和重量小、轻便灵活等突出特点，深受用户欢迎，得到了迅速的推广使用，并很快发展到资江机器厂、新乡第三机床厂和津市洞庭工程机械厂等几十家企业生产。振动冲击夯虽然比振动平板夯开发晚，但发展速度、产销量和使用广泛性比振动平板夯大得多，目前已成为我国夯实机械中产销量最大的主导产品。上世纪90年代以后，国外的振动平板夯陆续进入中国市场。振动冲击夯和振动平板夯在我国的成功开发，不仅为我国建设施工部门提供了性能先进的夯实机械，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益，而且使我国夯实机械技术向前跨进了一大步，缩短了与世界先进水平的差距，促进了我国压实机械的发展。就机械加工而言：热加工 铸造 据考古发现，在北京平谷、昌平、房山等处曾出土了公元前16世纪(商代)的青铜礼器。 明永乐年间(1403～1424年)，北京制造出享誉世界的明永乐大铜钟(吨)和钟楼大铜钟(63吨)及铁钟(25吨)，采用分炉熔化、地坑造型和陶范法铸造。 20世纪50年代以前，北京在铸造上采用粘土砂手工造型。1955年，北京第一机床厂开始采用漏模造型、双面模型型板及铁型板和标准砂箱造型。1965年，开始采用塑料模型。 1980 年，北京市机电研究院与北京玛钢厂研制成功工频无芯塞杆底注式保温浇注电炉。1982年，该院与北京机床铸造二厂研究成功冲天炉风口吹氧技术。 1985～1988年，北京机床研究所试验成功浮动端面密封环的压力铸造工艺。 锻压 1959年，北京第二通用机械厂(后改名北京重型机器厂)建成2500吨水压机。1971年，该厂制造出6000吨水压机，这是当时北京最大的锻压设备。 1968～1979年，北京起重机器厂先后采用300吨油压机和2000吨油压机制造出起重机吊臂和大型覆盖件。 80年代，北京市机电研究院和北京市模具中心研制出一系列高精度多工位冲裁模具，接近或达到进口模具水平，改变了北京精密冲裁模具依赖进口的局面。 热处理 1949年前，北京已采用电炉、盐溶炉、热电偶等手段进行零件退火、回火、淬火、正火、调质、渗碳等热处理。 1956年，北京第一机床厂开始采用高频感应淬火。1961年，北京第二机床厂开始采用气体氮化淬火。1969年，北京量具刃具厂开始采用光亮淬火。 1978年，北京机床研究所研究完成机床导轨表面接触淬火工艺及设备、淬火质量检查技术条件的研究。1979年，铁道科学研究院和中国科学院力学研究所等合作完成大功率柴油机缸套表面的激光改性处理的研究。 1979年，北京市机电研究院研制成功千瓦级二氧化碳激光器，并于80年代初分别应用于汽缸套和邮票印刷设备的激光热处理。其中，清华大学、北京市机电研究院、北京邮票厂共同完成邮票厂七色机打孔器表面激光强化研究。 1984～1990年，北京市热处理研究所研究成功真空热处理、气体渗碳微机控制技术(与北京航空航天大学合作)、稀土软氮化、粉末冶金制品表面强化、煤油加甲醇小滴量法微机可控渗碳、固体渗硼、渗碳过程微机辅助工艺设计及跟踪控制系统等热处理新技术，并应用于生产。 焊接与切割 1949年，北京已有气焊、电弧焊及氧乙炔火焰切割等手工作业。 1963年，北京金属结构厂与一机部机械科学研究院合作开发出钨极氩弧焊，并实现了氮气等离子切割不锈钢。1964年，用直流钨极氩弧焊及焊丝合金化技术解决了核工业用倾斜式电解糟纯镍焊接。 1966年，北京金属结构厂开发出了使被焊球体旋转的埋弧自动焊。1968年，该厂开始以液化石油气代替乙炔切割。 80年代初，清华大学发明了新型MIG焊接电弧控制法，在控制电弧技术上取得突破。 80年代初，北京城建设计院等完成液化石油气移动式气压焊轨技术的研究和应用。 1990年，北京金属结构厂开始采用数控精密切割和具有光电跟踪及数控寻踪读入自动编程的大功率等离子切割技术。可见，我国机械发展在近代发展其迅速。China is the world's first national machinery development. Chinese mechanical engineering technology not only has a long history and splendid achievements in Chinese is not only the material culture and social economic development plays an important role in the world, and to promote the progress of civilization, technology has made great contribution to Chinese traditional machine. And in a long period ahead in the world. In modern times, especially from the early 18th century, due to the nineteen forties, due to the economic and social reasons, such as the China machinery industry, stagnation, in the 100 years is western bourgeois political revolution and industrial revolution, mechanical science and technology is developing rapidly, and far more than the level of China. So, China mechanical development level and the western gap widens, sharply to the 19th century middle behind western one hundred the founding of new China, especially in the past 30 years, our country's mechanical science and technology development speed. To the mechanical product large-scale, precision, automation and discusses the trend of development. In some aspects has reached or exceeded the world advanced level. Generally speaking, currently China mechanical science and technology achievement is huge, developing fast, high level of unprecedented. In this period, China has no end of mechanical science and technology will develop to a higher level. As long as we can adopt the correct policy, with good technology development and innovation, our machinery industry and mechanical technology can revitalize, leading to the development trend of mechanical small ramming machinery:In the 1960s, China mechanical very small tamp lack, many small venues ramming basically USES artificial 1960s, changsha construction machinery institute and Beijing architectural engineering institute, etc., the technical innovation achievements in mass on the basis of summing up Chinese characteristic invented the breaststroke ramming machine, 1962 exceeded national science and technology. The breaststroke ramming machine structure is simple, easy to use and maintenance in 1960s, soon became the dominant products to consolidate machinery. According to not complete count breaststroke tamp cumulative yield reached more than 50,000 machine, in the economic development of our country has played an important role. Since 1970's, the breaststroke ramming machine was gradually more advanced performance of vibration shock ram and vibrating plate ram, now replaced by laying machine has rarely breaststroke, basically be 1964, changsha construction machinery institute HB120 developed movable type, type of Shanghai began laying machine, engineering machine production mainly by tianjin municipal later, annual production engineering machinery dongting about 200. In the 1980s, movable type ramming machine product quality has increased greatly, have exported to southeast Asia and Africa. Since 1990s, internal-combustion type ramming machine production sales, and gradually decreased in only a few small private enterprise 1977, changsha construction machinery factory buildings and developed in liuzhou HZR250 type and the HZR70 type vibrating plate ram, these two kinds of products in 1979 and 1982 passed by the ministry of construction of the organization. Then yiwu building construction machinery factory, siping, anyang vibrators factory, tianjin municipal engineering machinery dongting and other enterprises have started producing vibrating plate ram. In 1986, changsha construction machinery research and develop a larger HZR450 type of vibrating plate ram. Since 1990s, vibrating plate ram in our country has developed very quickly, varieties of products, specifications and increase production enterprises, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese 1983, changsha construction machinery institute and the joint development of hubei vibration in the first HZR70 type vibration shock ramming, 1984, passed by the ministry of construction, organization construction technology progress in 1985 won prizes. Due to the vibration impact compaction result has good ramming, productivity, high volume and weight of small, lightweight flexible outstanding characteristics, deeply user etc, obtained a rapid promotion, and soon ZiJiang development to the factory, xinxiang municipal engineering machine tool plant and tianjin dozens of dongting production factory etc. Vibration shock ramming although than vibrating plate ram, but later development speed of development, production and use of extensive than vibrating plate ram, has become the largest in China in the ramming machinery products. Since 1990s, foreign vibrating plate ram gradually to enter the Chinese shock ramming and vibrating plate ram the successful development in our country, not only for our construction department provides advanced performance of mechanical, laying have achieved good economic benefit and social benefit, and make our ramming mechanical technology into a big step forward, shorten the gap with the advanced world level, promoting the development of compaction mechanical processing:According to the archaeological discovery, hot-working casting in Beijing pinggu, changping and so have proved that the 16th century BC shang dynasty (bronze objects. Ming yongle (1403-1424 years), Beijing produce world-renowned Ming yongle great 3-ton bell made ( tons) and tower (63 tons of great 3-ton bell made of iron clock (25) and the furnace of melting, pit TaoFan model and method of casting. In the 1950s, Beijing based on clay sand castings in manual. In 1955, Beijing first machine tool plant began using leakage mould modelling, double-sided model and iron plate type plate and standard sand box modelling. In 1965, start using plastic model. In 1980, the institute and Beijing municipal electrical factory has successfully developed line frequency coreless bathroom plug stem bottom note type electric insulation casting. In 1982, hospital and Beijing the casting machine research cupola tuyere oxygen blowing technology. 1985-1988, Beijing institute of machine of floating end face seal ring by die successful test pressure casting 1959, Beijing second metalforming machinery general factory changed (Beijing) built 2500 ton heavy-duty hydraulic press. In 1971, the factory produced 6,000 tons, which is then Beijing hydrtesting biggest metalforming equipment. 1968-1979, Beijing hoisting machine factory has 300 tons of using hydraulic press 2000 tons and create crane and large panel. In the 1980s, Beijing institute of electrical and developed a series of Beijing mould centre high-precision cutting die, the multistage close to or to import mould level, changed Beijing precision punching moulds dependence on 1949, Beijing has heat treatment furnace, salt dissolved by thermocouples means furnace, quenching and tempering, parts of annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering, carburizing and etc. In 1956, Beijing first began using high-frequency quenching machine tool plant. In 1961, the Beijing second machine tool plant began using gas nitriding quenching. In 1969, the following enterprise by Beijing gage start light quenching. In 1978, the complete machine tool research institute of Beijing guide surface contact quenching process and equipment, quenching condition of quality inspection. In 1979, scientific research institute of China academy of railway and mechanical institute of high-power diesel engine cylinder collaboration of surface modification of laser. In 1979, Beijing institute of electrical carbon dioxide laser is developed, and the kilowatt in early 1980s respectively applied in cylinder and stamp printing equipments of laser treatment. Among them, tsinghua university, Beijing, Beijing institute of electrical YouPiaoChang jointly completed YouPiaoChang seven color machine DaKongQi laser surface strengthening research. From 1984 to 1990, Beijing institute of vacuum heat treatment research, gas carburizing microcomputer control technology (Beijing university of aeronautics &astronautics and cooperation), rare earth soft nitriding, powder metallurgy products surface strengthening, kerosene and methanol small drops of microcomputer control method of carburizing, solid boriding and carburizing process computer aided process planning and tracking control system, and the application of new technology heat in production. Welding and cutting in 1949, Beijing has geo-drilling, electric welding and cutting etc oxyacetylene flame manual operation. In 1963, Beijing metal structure and YiJiBu mechanical science research cooperation to develop tungsten argon arc welding, and realize the nitrogen plasma cutting stainless steel. In 1964, the use of dc argon arc welding and tungsten wire alloying technology solved by tilting electrolysis industry worse pure nickel welding. In 1966, Beijing metal structure factory developed by rotating sphere of the submerged arc welding automatic welding. In 1968, the plant began to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) instead of acetylene cutting. In the early 1980s, tsinghua university invented new MIG welding arc arc technology in control, control a breakthrough. In the early 1980s, the Beijing urban construction design completed liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mobile pneumatic rail welding technology research and application. In 1990, Beijing metal structure factory to adopt CNC precision cutting and with photo-electricity tracking and CNC pursuit of high input automatic programming technology plasma , China mechanical development in modern development of its rapid.
机器翻译的要修改，语法上很容易有问题
用GOOGLE翻译，，然后自己在修改
翻译软件在一些专业知识方面翻译的很差，可以作为翻译借鉴
有道、google均可，但是翻译完之后自己最好读一遍，有些是直译，所以语句不太通顺
what is impossible?