英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
英语专业翻译方向毕业论文选题参考：地方名胜古迹汉译英探析语境在翻译中的作用商标的翻译广告语言的翻译论英汉互译中的语义等值问题中西文化差异与不可译性英汉谚语的理解和翻译浅谈颜色词在英语中的翻译英语比喻性词语中文化内涵及翻译英语意义否定表现法及其汉译浅谈新闻标题的翻译伟大的翻译家严复英语长句汉译简评《简•爱》的几种汉译本英语专业本科论文所涉及的专业方向 （一）英语语言习得理论研究 该方向着重研究英语语言学及语言习得的相关理论与实践，可着重讨论某一种语言现象产生的原因及具体表现或某一语言理论在实际生活、教学中的运用。学生可以进行：1．英语修辞研究；2．文体研究；3．英汉比较研究；4．各类语体研究；5．语法研究；6．词汇研究等。 （二）教学理论与教学法该方向主要研究英语教学的理论与实践以及相关的教学指导原则和具体的方法，选题应着重探讨英语教学的方法，可具体到某一课程的教学理念、策略和方法的应用及效度，现代教育技术在英语教学中的应用与探索。学生可以进行：1．英语学习策略研究；2．英语学习焦虑研究；3．英语测试研究；4．英语教学法研究；5．英语教学策略研究；6．计算机辅助英语教学研究等。 （三）商务英语文本研究该方向着重研究商务英语文本文体，语言特点及相关的翻译实践问题。学生可以进行：1．商务英语语言特征研究；2．商务英语文体研究；3．商务英语翻译理论研究；4．商务英语翻译时间探讨；5．商务英语翻译标准探讨等。 （四）翻译理论与实践该方向着重研究英汉互译过程中的口、笔译理论、翻译标准、原则、方法及技巧。论文选题可选择评论赏析某一翻译家或某一本（篇）著名的译作，或论述某一种翻译理论的技巧在实践中的运用，也可讨论某一翻译现象中所反映的文化内涵。学生可以进行：1．翻译理论研究；2．翻译家研究；3．翻译史研究；4．文学翻译研究；5．非文学翻译研究；6．翻译过程研究；7．翻译批评研究；8．翻译的接受与影响研究；9．翻译教学研究；10．翻译标准研究；11．典籍翻译研究等。 （五）英美人文与历史研究 该方向主要研究英美国家的社会、文化、人文、历史各个方面的具体内容，既可宏观也可微观地研究或比较英美国家的某一历史阶段的社会问题或文化现象或评论某一历史事件或历史人物，或跨文化交际方面的相关内容。学生可以进行：1．英美社会制度、社会问题研究；2．英美历史问题、历史人物研究；3．英美文化现象研究；4．西方宗教研究；5．西方影视作品研究；6．跨文化交际研究等。 （六）英美文学研究该方向主要研究英美文学史及各时期的文学流派，作家，作品的文体与写作风格。论文可选择做某一文学理论或作家作品的分析、评论，比较中西文学作品或作家，分析作品中的主题或人物角色。学生可以进行：1．文学流派研究；2．作家研究；3．作品评论或分析；4．文学批评理论研究；5．中西文学作品的比较研究等。
可以找清北医学翻译，这家收费不贵，价格也合适。
题目是论文内容的高度概括，它对读者具有影响力，可使读者首先明确论文研究的主题。下面我给大家带来翻译方向论文题目选题参考2022，希望能帮助到大家!
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★ 优秀论文题目2022 ★
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★ 大学毕业论文评语 ★
翻译硕士论文题目选题参考
1、《中国古代 足球 》古汉语专名与古诗词的英译处理
2、英文合同汉译中规范性的实现策略
3、以目 标语 读者为导向的 广告 翻译策略研究
4、盐城旅游文本中特色词汇的翻译问题
5、从接受美学视角探究文学作品中模糊语言翻译
6、法律文献中专业术语英译的探讨
7、扬州旅游文本里 文化 因素的翻译
8、网络辅助下英语缩略语的翻译策略研究
9、有道词典在翻译中的应用
10、 英语 散文 120篇汉译项目 报告
11、徐州景点 导游词 翻译中文化负载词的处理
12、徐州特产食品 说明书 汉英翻译研究
13、从文本功能的角度探究报刊时政新闻的汉译
14、英语长句的英译汉翻译策略实证研究---以<基于语料库的英语教学>为例
15、《物华名胜》中复合式翻译 方法 的运用
16、《苏斯 儿童 绘本汉译过程中儿童语言的处理》
17、目的论指导下企业介绍的英译研究
18、新闻发布会口译项目报告
19、目的论视角下看中国高校宣传片的字幕翻译策略
20、《杨澜访谈录》同声传译项目报告
21、VOA经济报道口译过程中顺句驱动法运用的实践报告
22、预测在英语 财经 新闻口译活动中运用的实践报告
23、中国饮食文化词的口译技巧—《舌尖上的中国》口译实践报告
24、影响英汉交替传译中笔记有效信息筛选障碍的项目报告——以VOA时事新闻口译实践为例
25、视译停顿形成因素及解决方法报告
26、外事口译中译者主体性的把握
27、学生译员汉英交传训练中停顿现象研究
28、商务合同英汉互译技巧
29、英文品牌汉译
30、知识对于翻译的重要性
31、中英文化差异及其对英汉互译的消极影响
32、英语广告中修辞手法的应用及其翻译
33、<<红楼梦>>金陵判词两种译文的比较及评析
34、从红楼梦诗词翻译看翻译中的文化补偿
35、关于李后主“虞美人”的3种英译本的鉴赏
36、跨文化交际与商标翻译
37、中式菜肴的命名与翻译
38、浅谈英语电影片名的翻译
39、英文电影片名的翻译策略
40、英文化妆品广告之美学翻译
41、数字在中西文化中的内涵差异及数字习语翻译初探
42、浅析原语文本在目标语文本中文体的适应性
43、英语习用语翻译中的等效性研究
44、论语境在英汉翻译中的作用
45、浅析英语动画片翻译的基本原则
46、中英服饰广告的翻译
47、论英汉翻译中语篇连贯的重要性
48、论译者的风格与译风
49、经济英语中的隐喻及其翻译
50、从翻译的美学角度浅析旅游资料的中英译
51、翻译中的文化因素
52、影视字幕翻译的原则
53、影响长句翻译的因素
54、例析英译汉中形象语言的处理
英语专业 毕业 论文翻译方向题目
1、 图里规范理论视角下的《四洲志》翻译研究
2、 翻译伦理视域下杨曙辉和杨韵琴《喻世明言》英译本研究
3、 《围城》英译研究
4、 余华小说《兄弟》中的文化专有词英译研究
5、 汉语形容词重叠式及其基式英译对比研究
6、 英汉交流虚构运动事件中路径和方式表征的对比研究
7、 汉语情态动词“能”字结构的翻译
8、 英汉运动事件表征方式对比研究
9、 顺应论视角下视觉动词的汉英互译研究
10、 语用顺应论视阈下汉语听觉动词的英译研究
11、 基于交往能力理论的翻译主体间性实证研究
12、 目的论视角下的电气英语翻译
13、 从符号视角看翻译中视觉非语言符号的信息处理
14、 功能对等理论视角下政府公文英译策略研究
15、 女性主义视角下影视字幕翻译策略研究
16、 操纵论视角下政治文本的汉英翻译研究
17、 从功能对等原则看中国上古神话中神话意象的翻译
18、 从德国功能派翻译理论视角分析领导人演讲口译
19、 文化翻译理论指导下《黄帝内经》英译策略研究
20、 四字格中医术语动词的英译对比研究
21、 《红楼梦》服饰文化翻译研究探析
22、 英文传记汉译实践报告
23、 生态翻译视角下：《尘埃落定》英译本的研究
24、 奈达的功能对等理论在Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secrets两个译本中的体现
25、 描写性翻译理论框架下《西敏寺》译文的风格分析
26、 目的论视角下张爱玲《金锁记》自译本的比较研究
27、 从功能理论视角看戴译本《边城》中文化负载词的翻译策略与方法
28、 英译诗歌韵律的定量对比分析
29、 功能对等理论视角下鲁迅小说《药》《孔乙己》《风波》两个英译本的对比研究
30、 奈达功能对等视角下对《瓦尔登湖》两个中译本的对比研究
31、 语义翻译/交际翻译视角下文化特色语的翻译
32、 从关联理论看《了不起的盖茨比》的两个汉译本
33、 目的论视角下的《三体》英译研究
34、 性别与翻译：从女性主义翻译观对比分析《飘》的两译本
35、 目的论指导下的《舌尖上的中国》菜名英译策略
36、 功能对等理论视角下的美国情景喜剧字幕翻译
37、 功能对等理论视阈下的商标翻译研究
翻译理论与实践论文题目
1、德国功能翻译理论的宏观性及其对教学的启示
2、翻译美学的文化考量
3、解构视角下翻译中的二元对立分析
4、传教士翻译与晚清文化社会现代性
5、跨文化传播视域下的翻译功能研究
6、英语专业本科翻译教学主体交往体系建构研究
7、许渊冲唐诗英译研究
8、论英汉翻译写作学的建构
9、 文章 学视野下的林译研究
10、口译研究的生态学途径
11、郭建中翻译思想与实践研究
12、跨文化语用学视角下的外宣翻译策略研究
13、文学文本中的视觉翻译
14、外宣翻译研究体系建构探索
15、异化翻译思想探究
16、翻译的修辞学研究
17、新月派文学观念研究
18、文章学视野下的林纾翻译研究
19、翻译批评原则的诠释学研究
20、蒯因的翻译不确定性及其对英汉互译的启示
21、近代中国 留学 生 教育 翻泽研究(1895~1937)
22、叙事学视域下的外宣翻译研究
23、修辞劝说视角下的外宣翻译研究
24、中国传统翻译理论观照下的林少华文学翻译研究
25、易学“象”视角下的译学研究
26、对比语言学元语言系统的演变研究
27、俄语本科翻译教材研究
28、情境翻译与翻译情境
29、西班牙语委婉语的多元翻译
30、从《哥儿》林译本的 句子 结构调整看奈达功能对等翻译理论
31、功能对等理论与信达雅翻译论的比较研究
32、《翻译理论与实践》(第二章)翻译报告
33、从中国文化语境视角出发解读西方女性主义翻译
34、证券翻译理论与实践
35、叶维廉汉诗英译研究
翻译方向论文题目选题参考相关文章：
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学术堂整理了十五个日语毕业论文题目供大家进行参考：1、〈银河铁道之夜〉意向分析——作品关于生命和幸福的思考2、《日本文化私观》中坂口安吾的日本文化论3、1990年代以来日本终身雇佣制度的变化4、从风间敬之进的没落解读岛崎藤村的《破戒》5、从和食器看日本饮食文化6、从流行语浅析日本年轻人现状7、从日本的包装文化看日本的国民性8、从日本的盂兰盆节和中国的清明节看两国传统文化的继承9、从日本恐怖片看日本社会问题--以欺凌问题、儿童虐待和自杀问题为中心10、从新海诚的《追逐繁星的孩子》中感悟生与死的意义11、从云南少数民族民俗文化考察日本人的寻根情结12、从中国诗学的意境角度分析艾兴多夫诗作《月夜》在中国读者中的接受13、对日语教科书中前置表达现象的分析和考察——围绕《新编日语》中的会话文14、关于日语中应答叹词的正确使用15、关于日本媒体禁忌语的研究
我 ，们，给写的，好的。
中国文学对日本文学的影响
我帮你找找，千万不要抄袭呀，对你以后不好哦。参考是可以的。我找了几篇给您，希望对您有帮助。《论日本古代的楚辞研究》王海远内容提要 日本古代的楚辞研究，可以大致分为两个阶段。第一阶段从《楚辞》传入日本到安土•桃山时代。第二阶段为江户时代。在这一阶段中具有代表性的研究者当数西村时彦，其对楚辞的研究可以用细致入微来加以形容。当我们在对楚辞进行研究的时候，不仅要从中国诗歌这一角度来进行研究，同时也应该具有从异国角度来进行研究的眼光，看看国外学者是如何接受楚辞并给出他们自己的解释的。将这二者结合起来，也许能够从中看出一些问题，并且能够更加清楚地看出楚辞在世界诗歌史上的地位，同时这也是一个文化传播和被接受的问题。关键词 日本 楚辞研究 《楚辞》日本的楚辞研究是“传统汉学”与“中国学”中的一个分枝。藤井伦明在其《古代日本汉学简史》一书中，对日本各时代的汉学特征，作了如下说明：在古代，汉学的受众以贵族为主体，在学习方式上以摄取和模仿为主；中世汉学的受众以僧侣为主体，对中国文化处于消化和研究的阶段；近世以儒者为受众主体，在这一时期，日本学者已能自由地应用中国文化，并能将中国文化与日本本土文化有机融合；到了近代和现代，日本学者是从研究者的角度来看待中国文化的，并将这一学问提高到具有科学性、客观性、学科化的高度。作为日本汉学一个分支的楚辞研究，其发展轨迹自然也大致同于整个日本汉学发展的过程。如果划分大的阶段，日本的楚辞研究，如同整个汉学一样，也应该以明治时代为界，划分为古代阶段与近现代阶段。 一 中国典籍什么时候流传至日本的？我们一般都是根据日本的《古事记》和《日本书记》的记载，认为中国典籍最早传入日本的时间，是在应神天皇时代。《楚辞》究竟在何时传入日本，确切时间难以考订。据竹治贞夫的《楚辞研究》一书所说，推古天皇时期的执政圣德太子于公元604年3月所颁布的十七条宪法大概可以算是日本最早受到《楚辞》影响的文献。十七条宪法中的第十条曰：“绝忿弃嗔，不怒人违，人皆有心，心各有执。彼是则我非，我是彼非。我必非圣，彼必非愚，共是凡夫耳。”(1)这段话中的“人皆有心，心各有执”，被认为是受到《离骚》中“民生各有所乐兮，余独好修以为常”，“民好恶其不同兮，惟此党人独异”及《九章·怀沙》的“民生禀命，各有所错兮，定心广志，余何畏惧”等诗句的影响。(2)十七条宪法中的第十四条曰：“无有嫉妒”，“千载以难待一圣”，其中的“嫉妒”一词被认为是从《离骚》中化用而来的。稻畑耕一郎在其《日本楚辞研究前史述评》中提到，在收入《大日本古文书》卷一的《写书杂用帖》中，有一条关于《楚辞》的记载：“《离骚》三帙，帙别十六卷。天平二年七月四日，高屋连赤磨”。稻畑耕一郎认为“此处所谓《离骚》，不待言指的正是《楚辞》。天平二年即公元730年，值唐玄宗开元十八年。此乃日本著录《楚辞》之始。”(3)藤野岩友也曾著文说明《楚辞》已经对7世纪成书的《怀风藻》和《日本书记》等产生了影响。(4)平安时代，藤原佐世于公元891年左右所编撰的《日本国见在书目录》是日本现存最早的一部敕编汉籍目录，在此书中有关《楚辞》的著作共有六种。此外，比藤原佐世编撰的《日本国见在书目录》成书略微早点的还有《秘府略》，由滋野贞主撰，全书共1000卷，公元831年成书。这是日本最为古老的类书(将汉籍中的事物以类分别编辑)，可惜此书今仅存2巻，否则我们当能得到更为详细的关于《楚辞》在日本流布的情况。 二 中日两国相隔一衣带水，自古以来就在政治、经济、文化等诸多领域中有很多交往。日本文化是以其自身原有文化为基础，同时主动大量吸收中国文化，并加以改造从而形成自己的文化体系。中国古代文化对日本的影响，首先表现在文化典籍的传入上。中国古代文化典籍流布于日本乃是经由百济而实现的。故有学者认为从公元285年到公元653年之间，是日本汉学的朝鲜化时期，因为其间日本多次向朝鲜派遣学问僧或要求朝鲜向日本派遣儒学博士。直到日本开始向中国大量派遣遣唐使才是日本汉学的中国化时期。而日人神田喜一郎在其《飞鸟奈良时代の中国学》(5)一书中认为，中国学问传入的时间，应当在继体天皇七年百济的五经博士段杨尔来日、第二年五经博士汉高茂来接替段杨尔来日之时。到了平安时代(794—1184，相当于我国中晚唐到南宋时期)是日本社会封建化时期。在这一时期，日本皇室大力提倡学习中国文化，多次派遣遣唐使前来学习，整个贵族阶层以汉文化为精神财富，主动学习汉文化。如平安时代著名学者庆兹保胤在《池亭乐》中这样写到：“饭飡之后，入东阁，开书卷，逢古贤。夫汉文帝为异代之主，以好俭约，安人民也；唐白乐天为异代之师，以长诗句，归佛法也；晋朝七贤为异代之友，以身在朝，志在隐也。余遇贤主、贤师、贤友。一日有三遇，一生有三乐。”(6)可惜的是，这一时期是否有日本学者对《楚辞》进行过研究，从现存的资料上已无法考知。就我们目前所知，真正意义上的《楚辞》研究应当从江户时代才开始。据日本学者石川三佐男先生统计，江户时期与《楚辞》相关的汉籍“重刊本”及“和刻本”达70多种。“和刻本”是指古代日本翻刻的汉籍，是汉籍在域外传播最活跃、最发达的一个系统，其中比较著名的有五山本、正平本。这一时期《楚辞》研究之所以能得到日本学者的重视，这同德川幕府将儒学特别是“朱子学”定为“官学”有很密切的关系。以故，日本学者将江户时代的儒学称为“宋学”。将宋学作为一门独立的学问，其创始人是江户时代的学者藤原惺窝。《楚辞》在江户时代最早的翻刻本是朱熹的《楚辞集注》，另取《注解楚辞全集》为书名，于庆安四年(公元1651年)京都村上平乐寺刊行，是日本《楚辞》训点本中最早的出版物，由藤原惺窝训点。中国典籍传入日本后，由于语言文字上的差异，只有具有深厚的中国语言文字功底的学者才能读懂中国典籍并从事研究。到了宋学传入日本之后，读懂中国典籍成为日本学者迫切需要解决的一个现实问题，于是出现了“汉籍和训”的方法。所谓“汉籍和训”实际上就是变“汉文直读”为“汉文译读”，即在汉文原著上，按照每一汉字的训诂意义标上日本假名，从而使得不懂汉文的人也能读懂。“汉籍和训”对汉文典籍的推广和普及起了很大的推动作用。《注解楚辞全集》将朱熹的《楚辞后语原序》与何乔新的《楚辞序》置于卷首，然后是目录以及朱熹的序目，再后是《冯开之先生读楚辞语》。此书作为“训点”及“文选读”(一种音训两读的方式。其训点的标注方法是，本文语句的右侧下方标注随音读的“送假名”——活用语，即有词尾变化的词语的词尾——及助词，左侧则标注返点及解释词语意思的训读)等资料所表示出的信息则是，在江户时代《楚辞》不仅在学者中，同时在普通百姓中也是广泛流传的，从这一点来看，此书有着非常高的价值。继朱熹《集注》后，宽延二年，即公元1749年，洪兴祖的《楚辞补注》，以《楚辞笺注》的名称出版，稻畑耕一郎说：“这个本子只有句读，没有训读。”(3)宽延三年，王逸的《楚辞章句》也在日本刊行了。稻畑耕一郎说得对，在江户时代出现了《章句》、《补注》、《集注》这三种《楚辞》基本书籍的翻刻本，这“本身就是巨大的成果”（3）。日本为《楚辞》作注的学者，首先要提到的是江户时代早期的浅见絅齐(公元1652—1711)，其著作为《楚辞师说》八卷、《〈楚辞〉后语》六卷，他以音训为主，同时加以意训。《楚辞师说》其实是浅见絅齐的课堂讲义，由其弟子若林强斋笔录而成。而浅见絅齐作为朱子学学者，其对《楚辞》的理解不出朱熹的范围，基本上没有什么自己的见解。在浅见絅齐之后，对《楚辞》比较有研究的日本学者当数江户中期的学者芦东山(出身于仙台藩大东町，生卒年：1696—1776)。芦东山本身是个刑法学家，并非专研《楚辞》者。他之所以研究《楚辞》和他的经历相关。芦东山于元文二年(公元1737年)递交请愿书，结果处以幽闭的处罚，幽闭了24年，直到1761年为止，而此时离其辞世仅有5年的时间了。所以芦东山自己一直说，“我是现在的屈原”，并作诗自比屈原，《玩易斋遗稿》卷七有诗《仲春东迁》一首： 严谴投荒二十年，今春此去转凄然。谁知孤客东迁日，哀郢吟成最可怜。（9） 其自注云：“楚国凶荒之后，仲春屈原东迁，作《哀郢》词。与余同怀者，千古惟有屈大夫耳。”（3）因为身世的缘故，芦东山研究《楚辞》，不仅仅停留在对《楚辞》字面的理解上，而是深入到人生观的层次，因为他在《楚辞》中找到了现实世界中所没有的精神寄托，找到了他的人生相知。因此他决定注《楚辞》，取名为《楚辞评园》。笔者曾在日本大阪大学怀德堂文库查看资料时，翻阅过这本书。《楚辞评园》以《注解楚辞全集》(缺《楚辞灯辩》)为底本，其中记有大量手批文字，并且在书上订了很多写有批注的纸张。第一页左肩题有“《楚辞》评园”，卷首置有《楚辞总评》和《各家〈楚辞〉书目》。前者抄录了司马迁、班固、扬雄、王逸、曹丕、萧统、沈约、江淹、庾信、刘勰、李白、韩愈、柳宗元、杜牧、贾岛、刘知几、皮日休、苏轼、洪兴祖、朱熹、祝尭、高似孙、江彦章、陈傅良、李涂、叶盛、蒋翚、何孟春、姜南、张时彻、李梦阳、何景明、茅坤、朱应麒、王世贞、刘凤、胡应麟、孙矿、陈深、黄继儒、黄道周、陈仁锡、蒋之华、陆时雍、宋瑛、陆钿、蒋之翘、金幡等四十九家的《楚辞》评。后者则录有《王逸楚辞》十七卷、《楚辞释文》一卷、《补注楚辞》十七卷(考异一卷)、《重编〈楚辞〉》十六卷、《续楚辞》二十卷、《变离骚》二十卷、《龙岗楚辞说》五卷、《楚辞赘说》、《楚辞集注》八卷的解题，还抄有司马迁的《屈原传》及沈亚之的《屈原外传》。本书版框外还抄有上述各家的注与评，还加上了为数不少的“德林按”(即作者自己的按语)。芦东山不仅汇集了中国历代的评论，还加入了其自己的按语。由此可见，芦东山对《楚辞》研究是倾注了大量心力的，但可惜的是这一研究尚未完成，东山就已去世，本书最终还是停留在稿本状态，并没有成书出版，这不能不说是日本《楚辞》研究史上的一大憾事。竹治贞夫著文介绍日本最早的《楚辞》研究者是秦鼎。秦鼎(1761―1831)是尾张藩藩校明伦堂教授，美浓人，字士铉，通称嘉奈卫，号沧浪、小翁、梦仙。其父是苅谷藩儒学家秦峨眉。秦鼎从其父继承家学，后师从细井平洲。他长于校勘，有《春秋左氏传校本》、《国语定本》、《世说笺本》、《楚辞灯校读》等。秦鼎翻刻了林云铭的《楚辞灯》，同时秦鼎做了下列几件事。一、卷首加了二篇序(尾张秦鼎《重刻楚辞灯序》、《秦鼎又题》)。二、附了日本“训读”。三、对卷首附录的《屈原列传》作了少量评注。四、在《楚辞灯》中并载屈复《新注》，用此方法让读者参照并读。将秦鼎与浅见絅齐相比，浅见絅齐于1711年去世，而秦鼎1761年方才出生，浅见絅齐的《楚辞师说》比秦鼎的《楚辞灯校读》要早很多。因此，竹治贞夫将秦鼎确定为日本最早的《楚辞》研究者，是不恰当的。 三 江户时代，在《楚辞》研究上取得了成绩的是龟井昭阳(1773―1836)，他是龟井南溟的长子。生于福冈，名昱，字符凤，通称昱太郎，号昭阳、空石、月窟、天山遯者等。继其父之后为福冈藩儒。著书有《论语语由述志》二十卷、《楚辞玦》二卷等共四十种。而在明治时代在《楚辞》研究上取得成绩的是冈松瓮谷(1820－1895)，他求学于日出(大分县日出町)帆足万里家塾“西奄精舎”，仕于熊本藩。明治维新后，任昌平黉教授、大学少博士。后任东京大学教授、东京学士院会员，被称为汉文大家。著书有《庄子考》四卷、《楚辞考》四卷、《论语讲义》四册等。由于如上文所已说的冈松瓮谷死于1895年，他的一生都在19世纪，因此，本文将他放在这一节中，一并加以说明。对龟井昭阳的《楚辞玦》与冈松瓮谷的《楚辞考》，竹治贞夫都给予了很高的评价，对前书，他说“本书注解的特色，是它具有透彻的合理性，和根据古代文献的恰当而一针见血的提示”，“作为日本学者的不可多得的《楚辞》研究著作，应当说它还是有其不可忽视的价值”的；对后书冈松瓮谷的，竹治贞夫称之为“温雅之中含有卓见的佳作”（1）。然而，两书的价值并不等同，依稻畑耕一郎所说，《楚辞玦》是一部“读骚札记”，逐条摘录《楚辞》辞句，并于其后写下自己的见解，也有改正旧注之处。而冈松瓮谷的《楚辞考》，则“是最早的一部由日本人编撰的对《楚辞》进行了全面注释、并且是唯一用汉语写作的《楚辞》注本”（3）。江户时期的日本学者对我国《楚辞》注本的收集也是下了功夫的，也有两位代表人物。其一，江户时代初期幕府的汉学巨擘林罗山。林罗山，又名林忠、林信胜，字子信，又号三郎、道春等。他是日本汉学史上一位极重要的学者。他将中国儒学从以前汉学家所认定的“修身齐家”的自我修养，提到“治国平天下”的高度，从而把原本是日本汉学中的一个流派——朱子学，提高到德川幕府时代官方哲学的地位，林罗山本人也成为这一时代日本汉学的象征。他收藏有明万历十四年刊本《楚辞》，卷末并有其手识文与训点。并且有《书楚辞后》一首诗，曰：“《楚辞》一部思忡忡，宋玉之徒慕遗风；可叹三闾大夫志，忠贞节操传无穷。”此书现存于日本内阁文库。其二，江户中期大阪学者木村孔恭。木村氏兼通和汉之学，取《诗经·蒹葭》篇名，将自己的藏书处名为“蒹葭堂”。他曾校点清人郑亦邹的《白麓藏书郑成功传》，是一位著名的汉学家。“蒹葭堂”本以明代与清初刊本居多，并且有许多江户时代的手写本。其中“《楚辞》类”书大体有四种，一为明古与堂刊朱熹《楚辞集注》，一为明末刊朱熹《楚辞集注》，一为明刊张正声《广离骚》，一为日本江户时代吴仁杰《离骚草木疏》的手写本。此四种书如今也存于日本内阁文库。 四 在这一阶段中，日本学者是以中国文化为母体，通过直接阅读中国的典籍来学习中国文化，并用汉字书写研究成果。同时以模仿中国文化为能事，如作汉诗、汉文、习书法等。同时在对文学作品的品评标准、审美观念以及研究方式等各个方面都采用中国文化的方式。从文化交流以及交流后的互动关系来看，这一时期的中国文化与日本文化的关系正如母文化与子文化的关系，是单向流动的关系，是被学习、被模仿的关系。而本时期的日本学者根本就没有把中国文化作为外来文化对待，他们不自觉的尝试融入中国文化之中，试图从学习与模仿的层次进入参与和创造层次。所以这一时期的日本学者对中国文化是没有距离感的。而这一时期日本学者的对于包括《楚辞》在内的中国古代典籍的研究方法，基本上是延承中国古代的研究方法，以训诂、考据、义理为主，同时还对我国历代的《楚辞》注本加以评介和介绍。 参考文献：（1）竹治贞夫.楚辞研究［M］.东京：风间书房，1978.（2）藤野岩友.楚辞对近江奈良朝文学的影响.（3）日本楚辞研究前史述评［J］.江汉论坛，1986，(7)：55.（4）藤野岩友.中国的文学与礼俗［M］.东京：教川书店，1976.（5）神田喜一郎全集(第8卷)［M］.同朋舍，昭和六十二年(1987).（6）严绍璗.日本中国学史［M］.南昌：江西人民出版社，1993. ［作者简介］王海远(1973－)，男，江苏镇江人，文科版主任，文学博士，从事先秦文学与文论研究。另有： 日本最初原创现代侦探小说的中文译介——《无惨》翻译的文本研究 日本当代女性文学研究——津岛佑子文学中的家庭观 日本汉诗的吟诵及启示 近年日本出版部份《易》学书目
翻译专业开题报告
开题报告是毕业论文答辩委员会对学生答辩资格审查的一个重要依据材料。下面是我为大家收集整理的翻译专业开题报告，欢迎阅读。
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
选题的原因、基本内容：
英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。其内容丰富，寓意深刻，具有浓厚的感情色彩。如果能在文章、谈话或对外交往中，恰当地加以运用，会大大增加语言的表达能力，收到良好的效果。英语谚语是英语语言的'精华，是英国艺术宝库的瑰丽明珠。英语谚语的句式特点是句式简单，语言精炼，富于形象比喻，充满浓郁的民族色彩。学习和研究英语谚语有助于启迪思想，开拓视野，了解英国的历史文化、风土人情，以及英国人民的人生哲理，同时还可以学到生动活泼的大众语言。
本文通过比较英汉成语及谚语这两种语言的相似及不同之处，详细的介绍英语成语及谚语。第一部分主要从内容和形式两方面谈谈英语成语及谚语的基本特色;第二部分谈及英语成语及谚语的一般翻译方法和翻译时应该注意的一些问题。
相关资料收集情况：
陈亚光。小议英谚语和成语的创新。上海外国语学院学报，1983。
黄粉保。英汉成语翻译漫谈。云梦学刊，1999/2
顾雪梁。语成语英译探索。广州师范学院学报，1993/2。
张培基，喻云根，李宗杰，彭谟禹。《英汉翻译教程》。北京：中国外语教育出版社，xx/8
杨永和。英语谚语的修辞特点研究。重庆工学院学报,xx/3。
论文提纲：
thesis statemen：this essay discourse the features and translation of english
idioms and proverbs. and from the society culture to find out the basic different between chinese.
outline
ⅰ. introduction: for chinese students, english idioms and proverbs is a stumbling block. so the characteristics and translation of idioms and proverbs should be studied.
ⅱ. the characteristics of english idioms and proverbs
a. the characteristics of english idioms
1. simple but rich
2. harmonious phonology
3. vivid metaphor
b. the characteristics of english proverb
1. concise and clear
2. symmetrical sentence pattern
3. rich and varied rhetoric
ⅲ. the translation of english idioms and proverbs
a. the theories of translation
1. literal translation
2. free translation
3. mechanical application of the synonym chinese proverb
4. literal translation and free translation
b. the points of translation
1. the literal translation of proverbs prohibited
2. the translation of proverbs to keep the original text style
3. the translation of proverbs to notice the national characteristic
4. the translation of proverbs to notice the artistic characteristic
ⅳ. conclusion
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
开题报告范文例文大全6篇。本科毕业论文开题报告论文题目the Application and Innovation zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载of Gothicism in Wuthering Heights一、选题的意义和研究现状zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载1．选题的目的、理论意义和现实意义 zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载长时期以来, 人们视艾米莉•勃朗特为英国文学中的“斯芬克斯”。关于她本人和她的作品都有很多难解之谜, 许多评论家从不同的角度、采用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的结论, 因而往往是旧谜刚解, 新谜又出, 解谜热潮似永无休止。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉•zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。2．与选题相关的国内外研究和发展概况 zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载各民族的文学中都有许多惊险、恐怖的故事, 但似乎没有哪一种文学像英美文学那样不仅创作出数量众多、质量优秀的恐怖文学作品, 而且还形成了一个持续发展、影响广泛的哥特传统( Gothic tradition) 。哥特文学现在已经成为英美文学研究中的一个重要领域。对哥特文学的认真研究开始于20 世纪二三十年代, 到70 年代以后, 由于新的学术思潮和文学批评观念的影响, 该研究出现了前所未有而且日趋高涨的热潮。根据在国际互联网上的搜索, 到2000 年9月为止, 英美等国的学者除发表了大量关于哥特文学的论文外, 还至少出版专著达184部, 其中1970 年以后为126 部, 仅90 年代就达59 部, 几乎占总数的三分之一。当然,近年来哥特文学研究的状况不仅在于研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和广度方面都大为拓展, 并且把哥特传统同英美乃至欧洲的历史、社会、文化和文学的总体发展结合起来。二、研究方案zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载1．研究的基本内容及预期的结果（大纲）zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载研究的基本内容:本文立足于欧美文学中的哥特传统研究《呼啸山庄》的创作源泉, 指出艾米莉•zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载勃朗特在主题、人物形象、环境刻画、意象及情节构造等方面都借鉴了哥特传统, 同时凭借其超乎寻常的想象力, 将现实与超现实融为一体, 给陈旧的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鲜活力, 达到了哥特形式与激情内容的完美统一, 使《呼啸山庄》既超越了哥特体裁的“黑色浪漫主义”, 又超越了维多利亚时代的“现实主义”, 从而展现出独具一格、经久不衰的艺术魅力。预期的结果（大纲）:zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载1．A Survey of GothiczFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Definition of GothiczFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 the Origin of Gothic NovelszFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Historical ReasonszFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Folklore in Germantic NationalityzFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Drama in the RenaissancezFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 the Bible and Legends in ChristianityzFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Development of the Novel ItselfzFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Challenge of Romanticism to RationalismzFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载 Sublime and BeautifulzFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载2. 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Description of Figure Emotion and PsychologyzFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载Reference2．拟采用的研究方法zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载主要有资料查找、理论探讨研究、阅读法3.研究所需条件和可能存在的问题zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载研究所需条件：纸张、打印设备、图书馆、互联网上获取国内外文献资料；zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载可能存在的问题：(1)文献不足;zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载(2) 由于个人的观点和能力，使对研究对象分析不够全面和深入。三、研究进度安排、参考文献及审查意见zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载1．研究进度安排zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（1）论文指导第一周（学期第八周）：学生完成初稿。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（2）论文指导第二周（学期第九周）：指导教师审阅论文初稿后发回修改。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（3）论文指导第三周（学期第十周）：学生交论文第二稿。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（4）论文指导第四周（学期第十一周）：指导教师审阅第二稿并发回给学生进一步修改。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（5）论文指导第五周（学期第十二周）：定稿zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（6）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：交定稿的打印稿和电子文本。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（7）论文指导第六周（学期第十三周）：本周星期五至论文指导第七周（学期第周）星期五，指导教师和评阅教师写评语，学生做好答辩准备。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载（8）论文指导第七周（学期第十四周）：星期三至论文指导第八周（学期第十五周）开展答辩工作。zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载2. 应收集资料及主要参考文献（不少于8条）zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[1] Bronte, Charlotte. 1907. Charlotte Bronte’s preface to the second edition, Wuthering Heights. London: J. M. Dent Sons Ltd. p. 英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[2] Gerin, Winifred. 1971. Emily Bronte [M]. New York: Oxford University 英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[3] Marie, Mulvey-Roberts. ed. handbook to gothic literature [A]. New York: New York University Press. p. 英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[4] Punter, David. 1980. The Literature of Terror [M]. London: Longman. p. 英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[5] 方平. 1993 .希望在人间?论〈呼啸山庄〉(《呼啸山庄》译序) [M]. 上海译文出版社. 第24页.zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[6] 盖斯凯尔夫人. 2000 .夏洛蒂•勃朗特传[M]. 张淑荣等译. 北京: 团结出版社. 第11?12页.zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[7] 肖明翰. 2001. 英美文学中的哥特传统[J]. 外国文学评论第3期.zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载[8] 鲜于静. 2003. 神秘和怪诞的魅力??福克纳小说《八月之光》的哥特艺术研究[MA]. 中国学位论文全文库. zFs英语帮 - 免费在线英语学习听力口语练习大中小学四六级GRE托福商务英语资料教材下载英语论文开题报告范文例文大全6篇。Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies
英语专业翻译方向论文开题报告范文
以下是由我整理的.英语专业翻译方向论文的开题报告范文，供大家参考!
How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese Translation
I. Purpose and Significance
With the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.
It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omitted are words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.
Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.
II. Literature Review
Long before, some people began to learn other countries’ languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate Lao Tse's works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, "In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator."(Ye Lang, 2008) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 2000) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.
With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 2000). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, many unsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.
Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.
I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiations and similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.
Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.
In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,2002)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.
I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsis in English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.
In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.
III. Feasibility Analysis
This academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:
have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.
have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .
have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis in
translation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.
have a carefully planned schedule and have worked out a detailed outline of this thesis.
have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.
instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.
IV. Problems of the research and solutions
1. Problems
Despite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from the point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.
2. Solutions
(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.
(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.
(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.
V. Necessary conditions
1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.
2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.
3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.
VI. Outline
I. Introduction
A. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in Translation
B. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with Ellipsis
C. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation
1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English
2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence Structure
II. The Principles of Ellipsis
A. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated Works
B. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the Test
C. Omitted Words Which Are Self-Evident
Ш. The Functions and Applications of Ellipsis
A. The Coherence of the Meaning of Expression
B. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression
1. Ellipsis of Articles
a. Ellipsis of Definite Articles
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles
2. Ellipsis of Prepositions
3. Ellipsis of Pronouns
a. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronouns
b. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronouns
c. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns
4. Ellipsis of Conjunctions
a. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctions
b. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions
5. Ellipsis of Rhetoric
a. Ellipsis of Repeated Words
b. Ellipsis of Synonyms
一般主要是有语言学、文学｛英国、美国｝、翻译、英语文化等。如果是师范类的英语的话还有英语教学法；商贸类的英语的话有关于商贸类的。写论文资料特别重要，一般学校图书馆的电脑上有论文数据库的，在那里可以免费下到很多资料。这些资料要比百度谷歌的权威很多。论文的参考资料一定要权威，这对论文非常重要。你也可以问自己的论文导师在哪获取资料。
英语专业~~可以讨论一下什么语言殖民化的问题啊~~前段时间上海那个倒霉教授就可以拿来说事儿~个人意见~呵呵~
大致上有两种思路：1.对同一作品（比如一本小说）的不同译文进行对比。然后给出自己的评析。2.选取某种类型的翻译（比方说商标翻译，化妆品翻译等等）作为研究对象。此种类型，一般的思路是先介绍适用的翻译理论，然后给出该种类型翻译的正确方法论；最后是要用实例来证明方法论的可行性。、当然你也可以写口译方面的论文。不过这需要你采集一定的数据来进行分析，相比之下可能比写笔译要花更多的功夫。建议你去看看翻译类的期刊，图书馆应该有的，比如说《中国翻译》，《上海翻译》，里面的文章很有借鉴的意义。
可以写比较类的，也可以写理论类的。不过比较类的比较好写
“论文学翻译过程”“语义翻译和交际翻译理论在英汉翻译中的运用”“英语句子成分的省略及汉译”“文学翻译中隐喻的传译”一、选题范围1、翻译与文化：可以从宏观和微观两个方面考虑。宏观方面，一般从翻译在目的语社会文化中的生产、接受、翻译在目的语社会文化中所起的功能等角度讨论，可以从社会、文化、历史、交际的视角切入。阐述为什么有那样的译文？如严复的翻译，林纾的翻译，傅东华翻译《漂》时为什么使用归化的手段，鲁迅翻译的策略，翻译材料的选择等等。微观方面，可以讨论语言文字所承载的文化内容和内涵如何在翻译中表达，如文化负载词的翻译策略等。2、翻译与语言学理论：可以从篇章语言学，功能语言学（如喊韩礼德的系统功能理论等），对比语言学，心理语言学，交际语言学、文化语言学等方面考虑选题。如功能语言学和篇章语言学中讨论的衔接与连贯及其翻译，也可以讨论他们在英语和汉语中的差别入手，进一步讨论他们在翻译中的处理，主位、述位的推进极其在翻译中的体现。英语汉语对比及其翻译策略等等。3、翻译与语文学。主要从艺术的角度讨论文学翻译中的问题。4、应用翻译：主要从特殊用途英语如商务英语、科技英语、旅游英语等方面讨论在这些特殊领域中涉及的翻译问题如何处理。如旅游宣传资料的翻译等。5、译文对比：可以是同一篇文章、同一本书，不同的译者在同以时期或不同时期进行的翻译做的对比，也可以是同一个译者对同一篇文章或书在不同时期的翻译的对比；可以是翻译技巧等微观层面的对比，也可以是宏观曾面的对比，以探索为什么在不同时期译者回采取不同的策略，有哪些社会的、文化的、政治的、意识形态的原因？6、翻译及评论：首先选择一篇长文，一般是文学作品且没有人翻译过，进行翻译，翻译完后，从上述五个方面选择一个理论视角对自己的翻译进行评论。7、译者风格。8、翻译与美学。
跟自己专业相关就可以，用谷歌搜一篇跟你专业相关论文，然后再想翻译就可以了
有很多啊 一下供你参考英汉翻译方向On Foreignization and Domestication of Cultural Factors in Translation(浅谈翻译中文化因素的异化和归化)On Treatment of Cultural Factors in Translation (翻译中文化差异的处理方法)On English Translation of Public Signs in Chinese (汉英公示语的翻译)On Translation of English Names of Commendation (英语商品名称的翻译)The relationship between Cultural Difference and Translation Skill 中英文化差异与翻译技巧An Approach to the Translation of Poetic Image诗歌翻译的意象问题探讨A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Films英语电影片名汉译研究A Study of the Chinese Version of Titles of English Novels英语小说题目的汉译问题A Comparative Study of the English Version of the Poem “ Untitled “ by Li Shangyin李商隐的诗〈无题〉的英译比较研究Foreignization and Translation of IdiomsOn Culture Translation under ForeignizationOn Faithfulness in TranslationOn Fidelity and Expressiveness in TranslationInterpreting and Interpreting SkillsOn Literal Translation and Free TranslationThe Comparison and Translation of Chinese and English IdiomsEquivalence and its Application in Translation Cultural Equivalence in TranslationLearning a Foreign Language Through TranslationArts in Verse TranslationA Comparative Study of Two English Version of Hong Lou MengOn Translating the Passive VoiceOn the Translation of English Long SentencesThe Social and Cultural Factors in Translation PracticeThe Application of Functional Equivalence in English and Chinese Cross-cultural TranslationExploring English-Chinese Audiovisual TranslationOn Chinese Translation of Journalistic EnglishOn the Criteria of InterpretationOn the Unit of TranslationThe Cultural Differences and Arts of Translation in Advertising LanguageOn Transformation between Parts of Speech in E-C TranslationExploring Substitution and Ellipsis in TranslationOn English Proverbs TranslationOn the Criteria of TranslationThe Analysis of Translation StyleCultural Differences and Translation StrategiesTranslation and Foreign Language YeachingChinglish in C-E YranslationA Contrastive Study of English and Chinese Allusions and their TranslationEnglish Neologisms in Newspaper and their TranslationOn Translation of Humor in Pride and PrejudiceOn Features of Journalistic English and its TranslationCultural Discrepancies and their Influences on TranslationEnglish and Chinese Translation Song lyricsTranslation of Address Term between English and ChineseOn the Importance of Context in TranslationOn the Translation of English Pun into ChineseThe Role of Dictionary in TranslationThought Pattern and its Influence on TranslationLexical Characteristics of Legal English and Legal Lexicon TranslationFeatures of Foreign Trade English and its Translation ModelOn Euphemism TranslationTranslation of Metaphor from English into ChineseFeatures of Tourism English and its Translation翻译中的文化因素影视字幕翻译的原则影响长句翻译的因素例析英译汉中形象语言的处理生活中广告英语的翻译特色对翻译原则“以信为本，求真求美”的思考翻译中的中国英语与中国式英语南昌旅游景点中英翻译错误及纠错对策背景知识在口、笔译中所扮演的角色分析商务英语翻译的不对等性
我记得以前上口译课的时候说到了翻译中会出现的问题，譬如是音译，意译还是组合在一起音译当然是比较简单的，意译的话就要考虑到语境的变化，双方文化的差异以及习惯的影响商务英语通常比较正式，那么从单个的词到整句话的组合都有很多讲究了，譬如英文都是you咯，但翻译过来肯定是您或者贵公司，这是文字。其次是态度，整段文字都是有态度的，大多的应该是温和中有坚定，略有agreesive，特别是谈判时候的语境更为复杂。第三呢还有文化背景造成的差异，这就是翻译中都会碰到的问题了这个题目吧可以较泛的谈，那么每一点呢就都不用太深入，只要结构清楚可能好写一点。或者抓住其中一个点发散开，个人prefer这一种，找资料的时候比较有针对性。你跟导师商量一下吧