英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
在毕业论文答辩的时候，英文自我介绍最难的不是语法和发音，而是如何在短时间内将自己描述出来，让面试官看到不一样的你。下面我为大家带来毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍，供大家参考! 毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍篇1 Good morning, all appraiser committee members. I am **** and my supervisor is ***. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction. The title of my paper is On Transformation of Parts of Speech in Translation. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. Each language has its own special structure. And there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. In order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. So the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in English to Chinese based on different characteristics of English and Chinese. For the above facts, I select the subject ofOn Transformation of parts of speechas the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in English to Chinese translation. Through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation skills. 毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍篇2 Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. I am *** and my supervisor is prof.***. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction. The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style in A Rose for Emily from a Feminist Perspective as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health. Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style . This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and A Rose for Emily by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again. Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you 毕业论文答辩英文自我介绍篇3 Good morning, appraises committee members and schoolmates. I come from class 08951, and I am Yu Lianfei. Today, the title of my paper is On the Network Novels. In recent years, the network literature is developing rapidly. Network novel is one of the fast of them. In the middle schools, high schools and even universities, there is no lack of network novels' addicts. For the above facts, I select the subject of on the network novels as the title of my paper. Then, I will show it to you. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into four parts, as the concept of network novels, the classification of their authors, the development of network novels and the prospects of that. The first part, the definition. Its concept can be divided into the generalized and the narrow. And it can also be divided into boys’ and girls’ in another way. The second part, the classification of their authors. Generally speaking, there are four kinds of authors. The first kind is some people who have favor of literature, they are writing but not for fame. Then, there is some one has favor for literature and also be for fame. The third kind is some people who have explicit goals at the beginning of his writing. And the last kind are some people who just want to express their view, their viewpoint and their feeling with no desire of being published. They take up the most of the authors. The third part, the development. The network novels’ development can not separate form the development of the net and the literature websites. Its developing process may be divided into three stages approximately. The first stage is from 1996 to 2000. This time's literary work often did not strive for (were also not aware of) the fame and fortune, and moreover received the control of tradition. The second stage is beginning of 21st century, mainly contains 2001 and 2002. In this period, the whole network presented the situation of chaos. The third stage is from May, 2003 and continues until now. In this period, many schools come into the world, and when a school became a hit there must be many people mimic it. The last part, the forecast. Looking from the internal strength pattern, the outstanding writers in our country mainly hold one kind of critique and the pessimistic manner to the network novels at present. If each big literature website enlarges their own supervision, delete the vulgar works, the pornography and bad works like those things, meanwhile hanker for new person’s new article as well as depth ones, the network novels can be accepted by more people. Not a low-level novel but a kind of enjoyment.
研究生面试英语口语问题整理
1、"What can you tell meabout yourself?" ("关于你自己，你能告诉我些什么?")
This is not an invitation to give your life history. The interviewer is looking forclues about your character, qualifications, ambitions, and motivations.
这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。这是一个必问的问题。考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史。是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索。来判断你是否适合读MBA。
2、 "What would you liketo be doing five years after graduation?"("在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么?")
Know what you can realistically accomplish. You can find out by talking to othersMBA about what they accomplished in their first five years with a particularcompany after graduation.
"I hope to do my best I can be at my job and because many in this line of work arepromoted to area manager, I am planning on that also."
你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。你可以事先和其他的MBA交流一番。问问他们在毕业后在公司的头5年都做了些什么。
可以这样回答："我希望能在我的职位上尽力做好工作，由于在同一领域工作的.许多人都被提为区域负责人，所以我亦有此打算。"
3."What is your greatest strength"?" ("你最突出的优点是什么?")
这是很多面试考官喜欢问的一个问题。
This is a real opportunity to toot your own horn. Do not brag or get tooegotistical, but let the employer know that you believe in yourself and thatyou know your strengths.
"I feel that my strongest asset is my ability to stick to things to get them feel a real sense of accomplishment when I finish a job and it turns out justa as I'd planned. I've set some high goals for myself. For example, I want tograduate with highest distinction. And even though I had a slow start in myfreshman year, I made up for it by doing an honor's thesis."
这是你"展示自己"的最佳机会，不要吹嘘自己或过于自负，但要让雇主知道你相信自己，你知道自己的优点。
如可答："我认为我最大的优点是能够执着地尽力把事情办好。当做完一件工作而其成果又正合我的预想时，我会有一种真正的成就感。我给自己定了一些高目标。比如说，我要成为出色的毕业生。尽管在大学一年级时我启动慢了些，但最终我以优等论文完成了学业。
4."What is your greatest weakness?"("你最大的弱点是什么?")
You cannot avoid this question by saying that you do not have any, everyone hasweaknesses.
The best approach is to admit your weakness but show that you are working on it andhave a plan to overcome it. If possible, cite a weakness that will work to thecompany's advantage. "I' m such a perfectionist that I won't stop until ajob is well done.
你不应该说你没有任何弱点，以此来回避这个问题;每个人都有弱点。最佳策略是承认你的弱点，但同时表明你在予以改进，并有克服弱点的计划。
可能的话，你可说出一项可能会给公司带来好处的弱点，如可说："我是一个完美主义者。工作做得不漂亮，我是不会撒手的。"
5."How do you feel about your progress to date?" ("对于你至今所取得的进步你是怎样看的?")
Never apologize for what you have done.
"I think I did well in school. In fact, in a number of courses I received thehighest exam scores in the class." "As an intern for the X Company, Ireceived some of the highest evaluations that had been given in years.
6.绝不要对你以前的所作所为表示内疚。
如可答："我认为我在学校表现不错。事实上，有好几门功课我的成绩居全班第一。""在某公司实习时，我获得了该公司数年来给予其雇员的好几项最高评价。"
其他常见的英语面试问题：
did you take the MBA examination? Would you please say something about the currentlyMBA program in China?
do you choose RENMIN University to study MBA? Tell me a little about RENMINUniversity form your understanding.
you failed this time what will you do in the near future?
do you want to be a part of MBA students?
do you think you are qualified for MBA program?
you have a career plan in 5 years?
do you want to do after your MBA study?
is the most important qualification that a MBA student should have?
do you do in your spare time?
在面试快结束的时候，一般考官都会问，你有没有什么要问的。除非你是最后一个面试者，你明显感到所有的考官都急切的想离开，一般不适合说“I don’t have any question.”可以问考官一两个你关心的问题(Questions you should askthe recruiter)：
changes do you anticipate in our school? (你希望我们学校会有些什么样的变化)
is the best course in our school? (什么课程是我们院最好的课程)
our school provide some guidance of job to MBA?
最后可以说：Thank you for giving me the chance. Ihope to see you again and soon. (谢谢您给我机会，我希望很快能再见到您。)
据学术堂了解,英语专业的论文答辩主要分为两部分:自我陈述和回答答辩老师问题,下面对这两部分进行详细讲解.一、自述(用英语完成):1、先问好,再开始自述,自述时间为5-8分钟,要简明扼要,必要时可将自述内容提纲制作成Powerpoint文件.2、主要陈述内容:(1)自己选择这个题目的原因;(2)设计和实施的简单过程(如,商务方向:采用什么方法来搜集信息、资料等);(3)自己论文的主要内容(不要念论文,最好用4、5句话简单介绍论文内容,如,商务方向:做了哪些调查,得出什么结论,计划如何实施项目);(4)仍然存在的问题(如,商务:在实施项目中可能会遇到的风险以及如何解决);3、最好准备相关文字并熟记(答辩时要脱稿陈述,但是可以看PPT文件).4、语言最好简单清楚,不要直接用论文中内容,应该用解释性的句式,如:When I was designing the lessons, I found that….二、回答老师问题(老师用英语提问,学生用英语回答):1、大约有4-6个问题,时间将持续10-15分钟.2、首先要听清楚问题,如果没有听清,可以要求老师重复问题(可以说pardon之类的话).3、回答时首先要态度好,要切题,而且不要保持沉默,不会时可以表示抱歉.4、常见问题:① 关于选题:Why do you choose this topic for your thesis? // Why wereyou interested in this topic?② 关于选题意义:What's the importance/significance in doing such aresearch/project?//What do you want the readers get from your thesis?③ 关于论文:- 理论知识:Explain … (your theory). //Why do you think this theorycan be applied in your project? // Use one example to illustrate 数据分析:How do you analyze your data? //How do you justify thevalidity of your data analysis?- 例证:Can you explain this example?【对于翻译类论文,答辩组可能会针对某些例句让你解释为什么在此种情况下要运用你所提议的翻译方法,或者对于有问题的译文让你给出自己的译文,或者临时给出例子让你运用相关翻译方法进行翻译】- 语言:In the xx paragraph on page xx, what do you mean?论文存在的问题:如 In the last sentence on page … there are some grammatical/spelling/…Errors.总之,要通过论文答辩,应注意:1.在平时的学习过程中必须注意提高自己的听说能力.2.答辩前应做好充分的准备,最重要的是熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点.这一点十分重要,如果不熟悉论文的内容及自己的观点,答辩时很难自圆其说.3.要有自信心.当然,自信心主要来自事先的充分准备.4.带一份定稿(要与老师们持有的论文页码一致).5.最后要向老师们表示感谢.最后祝大家答辩顺利!
我是中专学历，都没有机会读本科。
这个肯定跟专业有关系的，比如你是英语等外语专业，本科论文答辩就需要用外语答辩。还有就是看你的本科院校要求了，有些好一点的大学可能会要求有英语答辩。大部分大学都不用的，说英文太难了，答辩就够喝一壶得了。
【篇一】外贸面试英语口语对话
A: To start with, may I know why you are interested in working for our company?
A:我想问下, 你为什么有兴趣来我们公司工作?
B: First of all, as far as 1 know,your company has had impressive records in want to enter the foreign trade field.
B:第一，据我所知，贵公司卓越的业绩给人留下深刻的印象。第二, 我想从事外贸行业。
A: What was your chief responsibility in your past work?
A：过去那份工作你主要负费什么?
B：I am in charge of marketing activities in Southeast Asia, for example, organizing trade conferences and arranging exhibitions.
B:我负责东南亚的市场营销活动, 比如说，组织贸易洽谈会，安排展会等。
【篇二】外贸面试英语口语对话
A: Tell me about yourself and your past experience.
A:说说你自己和你过去的经历吧。
B:I have worked as an executive secretary for five years, first for a trading company, and now I am working for a trust company. I interact well with peers,clients, administrators and bosses. I thrive on challenge and work well in high-stress environments.
B:我已经做执行秘书五年了。开始是为一家贸易公司工作，现在是在一家信托公司。我和同事、客户、行政人员以及老板相处得非常好，我能应付挑战，而且在高压力环境中也能工作得很出色。
A: How are your typing and shorthand skills?
A:你的打字和速记能力如何?
B:I can type 100 Chinese words a minute and take dictation in English at 150words a minute.
B:我能一分钟打100个汉字，英语速记一分钟可达150个单词。
A: Can you operate computers skillfully?
A:你能熟练操作计算机吗?
B:Yes, I can. I have received some special training in computers. Besides I amgood at operating common office ma-chines,such as fax machines and duplicatingmachines.
B:没问题，我接受过计算机方面的专业培训，而且我还能熟练操作一般的办公设备，比如传真机和复印机。
A: Sometimes we are very busy and need to work overtime. How doyou feel about that?
A:有时候我们工作很忙，需要加班。你觉得如何?
B:That's all right. But could you tell me how often and how many hours I shouldwork overtime?
B:没关系，你能告诉我加班的频率和时间长度吗?
A: It just depends. If we have important visiting delegations,you have to stay with us. It's not unusual.
A:这得看情况。如果我们有重要的代表团到访，你就必须加班了，这种情况很正常。
B:Mr. Smith, I'd like to ask you a question.
B:史密斯先生，我想问你一个问题。
A: OK, please.
A:好的，请问吧。
B:What specific duties would I perform if I am hired?
B:如果我被录用，我的具体工作职责是什么?
A: Nothing different from a secretary's common , you know , our company is an international trade-oriented company. Canyou handle English papers and write English correspondence?
A:和普通的秘书没什么区别。但我们公司是做国际贸易的，你能处理>英文文件和写英文信件吗?
B:Yes. I'm specialized in English secretary studies at college and that's one ofthe main parts of my present job.
B:可以，我大学时专门学过英语文秘的课程，而且这也是我当前工作中的主要内容之一。
A: What are your salary expectations?
A:你期望拿多少薪水?
B:I really need more information about the job before we start to discuss you could tell me what is budge-ted for the position.
B:在讨论薪水前，我需要更多了解这份工作，或者你可以告诉我这个职位的预算报酬是多少。
A:￥4000，with raises afterthe half year according to your competence.
A:起薪是每月4000元，半年后会根据你的业绩增加薪水。
B:I think it's acceptable and I really like the job. And when can I know thedecision?
B:我觉得可以接受。我真的喜欢这份工作，我什么时候能得知结果呢?
A: We'll inform you of our final decision by early August. Doyou have any other questions?
A:我们会在8月初通知你我们的最终决定。你还有别的问题吗?
B:No. Thank you for the time.
B:没有了，谢谢你的宝贵时间。
【篇三】外贸面试英语口语对话
A：What is your family name (given name)?
请问你姓什么(叫什么名字)?
B: My family name is Zhao, and my given name is Yunshu
我姓赵，叫云淑。
A: Could you tell me a little bit about yourself, please?
请告诉我一些关于你自己的情况。
B: My name is Li Ming and I live in was born in 1977. I graduated from Fudan University, major in English. I like music very much and enjoy sports. I was in the badminton club at my uni-versity.
我叫李明，住在上海，生于1977年。 我毕业于复旦大学，主修英语。 我非常喜欢音乐，也喜欢运动， 在学校参加羽毛球队。
A: Does your name reflect your personality?
你的名字反映了你的个性吗?
B: Yes. In some way, it can reflect one’s personality. In my case,my name is Yu Xian. Xian means gentle, capable, friendly. my friends all like me, and they all think I am a good girl.
有的。它在某种程度上反映了一个人的个性。 以我为例，我叫余贤。 贤意味着温柔，能干，友好。 我的朋友都喜欢我。他们都认为我是个好女孩。
A: What kind of personality do you think you have?
你认为你是什么样的人?
B: Well, I approach things very enthusiastically, and I don’t like to leave something half done.
嗯，我做事非常热心， 我不喜欢把事情做一半。
A: Would you describe yourself as outgoing or more reserved?
你说自己是外向型的还是更加内向型的?
B: Well, I’m not very outgoing, I’ m a fairly reserved person.
嗯，我不很外向， 所以我想你得说我是个相当内向的人。
B: (or) I’m not really suremaybe partly both.
我不很确定也许两者兼有。
A: Do you think you are more extroverted or more introverted?
你认为你比较外向还是比较内向?
B: Well, sometimes I want to be by myself, but most of the time I pre-fer being with a group of people, so I guess you’ d say quite extroverted.
嗯，有时候我想要单独一个人， 但是大部分时间我比较喜欢和其他人在一起， 所以我想你会说我相当外向。
B: (or) I like being around people and doing things with people.
我喜欢在人群中和大家一起做事。
A: Are you more of a follower or a leader?
你愿意做跟随者，还是?
B: I don’t try to get in front of people and lead them, particularly. I’d rather cooperate with everybody else, and get the job done by working together.
我不试图别人，特别是领导他们。 我愿和其他每一个人合作， 一起努力完成工作。
A: What would you say about some of your advantages and disadvantages?
你说你有那些缺点和优点?
B: Well, I’m afraid I’m a poor talker, and that isn’t very good, so I’ve been studying how to speak in public. I suppose a strong point of mine is that I like developing new things and ideas.
我恐怕我不会说话，那不大好， 所以我一直在学习如何当众说话。 我想我有一个优点那就是我喜欢发展新的东西和想法。
A: When and where were you born?
你什么时候在什么地方出生?
B: I was born in Hunan on May 10,1977.
1977年5月10日在湖南出生。
A: What is your present address?
现在住哪里?
B: No. I, Zhongguancun Str., Haidian District, Beijing.
北京海淀区中关村大街1号。
背景知识：
谈你自己的时候，不要深入你的生活情况，而是设法讲你想让雇主由此对你有所了解的一两件事，这些事应该使你在招聘过程中具有优势。你也许想选取一些有人情味的事情讲给他听，但这么做，你要有把握与雇主的想法吻合。比如你可以说，你愿意为这家公司工作，听说公司会奖励工作的员工。
你或许可以概述一下最近干的工作对你的正在申请的工作有何帮助，为什么你要为这家公司服务。特别值得一提的是，要举例子，或讲个故事，这样你的回答才更易接收，或者给人留下更深印象。
必备句型：
1. I approach things very enthusiastically.
我做事非常热心。
2. In some way, my name can reflect my personality.
我的名字在某种程度上反映了我的个性。
3. Would you describe yourself as outgoing or reserved?
你说自己是外向型的还是内向型的?
4. I like being around people and doing things with people.
我喜欢在呆人群中和大家一起做事。
5. I’d rather cooperate with everybody else.
我愿和其他每一个人合作。
6. I graduated from Fudan University, major in English
我念复旦大学，主修英语。
7. I suppose a strong point of mine is that I like developing new things and ideas.
我想我有一个优点那就是我喜欢发展新的东西和想法。
【篇四】外贸面试英语口语对话
A：May I come in?
我能进来吗?
B: Yes, please.
请进。
A: Good morning, sir. I’ m Rose. I’ve come for an interview as appointed.
上午好，先生。我是罗斯， 是应你们之约前来面试的。
B: Nice to see you. I’m expecting your coming. Take a seat.
看到你真高兴。 我在等候你的光临，请坐。
A: Thanks a lot.
多谢。
A：Can I help you?
有什么事吗?
B: Yes. I’ve come to apply for the position as a secretary.
我是来应聘秘书一职的。
A: I’m Li Ping, the clerk of Human Resources Department. Can I have your name?
我是人力资源部职员李平。 你叫什么名字?
B: I’m Yuan Wei. How do you do. Mr. Li?
我叫袁薇。你好，李先生。
A: Glad to meet you, Miss Yuan. We have received your letter in answer to our advertisement. I would like to talk with you regarding your qualification for this interview.
很高兴认识你，袁小姐。 我们已经收到了你的应聘信， 我想和你谈谈。
B：I’m very happy that I am qualified for this interview.
我能有机会参加面试，感到非常荣幸。
A: Now, let’ s talk about yourself.
哦，现在来谈谈你的情况。
A：Come in, please.
请进。
B: good morning, sir. I’ve come here to apply for the position as computer programmer at your office.
早上好，先生。 我来应聘贵处电脑程序员一职。
A: Oh, I see. Please take a seat. I’m Jim Ke. May I have your name, please?
哦，我知道了，请坐。 我叫金克。请问尊姓大名?
B: My name is He Zhen.
我叫何真。
背景知识：
面试是一种经过精心设计，以交往和观察为主要手段来了解被试者素质及有关信息的测度方式。
在面试中，你相当于从简历中走出来，站在面试考官面前，施展你的才能和特点，让他们认识你了，了解与评估你，让他们相信你是最理想的人选。与此同时，你也从中尽力认识、了解和揣测你面前的每一个主考官。
面试的总对策是力争给主考官一个好的第一印象，确定面试方式、评估可能遇到的面试问题，胸中有数，弄清面试问题的目的，有针对性地回答。其中明确面试方式是重要的一步。
必备句型：
1. We’ve received your letter and resume.
我们已经收到了你的信和简历。
2. I would like to talk with you regarding your qualification for this in-terview.
我想和你谈谈关于你的应聘的事。
3. We would like to ask you to come here for an interview.
我们想约你来面试。
4. Just relax, and let’s have a chat, shall we?
别紧张，让我们先聊聊好吗?
5. Did you have any trouble finding our office?
我们的办公室容易找吗?
6. Why don’t we start by talking about you?
为何我们不开始谈谈你呢?
7. Let’s get started. First, I’d like to know which position you’re ap-plying for.
我们开始吧。首先我想知道的，就是你想应聘哪种职位。
8. Do you have any preference for what kind of work you’d like to do?
对工作种类有无偏好?
9. I have come at your invitation for an interview.
我是应约来面试的。
10. It’s a at pleasure for me to take this interview.
我非常荣幸有机会来参加面试。
....3000字，你找代写的也要好几百吧，50分可能没人会搭理你
英语毕业论文答辩稿范文（精选8篇）
一段忙碌又充实的大学生活要即将结束，我们毕业前都要通过最后的`毕业论文，毕业论文是一种比较重要的检验学生学习成果的形式，快来参考毕业论文是怎么写的吧！下面是我帮大家整理的英语毕业论文答辩稿范文，希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, all appraises committee members. I am XXX and my supervisor is XXX.
With his constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper.
Now it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is Comparative Study between English and Chinese idioms.
With the developing globalization, communication demand precise language.
Idioms are not a separate part of the language, we cannot omit. Studying the similarities and differences between English and Chinese idioms would be helpful to cross-cultural understanding and it’s also a good advance to our future if we can learn well.
For the above facts, I select the subject of “comparative study between English and Chinese idioms” as the title of my paper.
In the main part of this paper, I divide it four parts.
Part one presents general introduction to the basic concept and the studying purpose.
Part two presents overview of the Chinese and English idioms; it concludes similar origins and similar functions. Part three emphasize differences between English and Chinese idioms.
Through contrast analysis of well-known Chinese and English language, found the differences cultural discrepancy and the translation of animal words. Part four draws some conclusions that characteristics of English and Chinese idioms. And it is helpful to cross-culture .It’s necessary for a better understanding of international promotional communication. OK, that’s all. Thank you.
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense.
I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
Good afternoon, all appraiser committee members. I’m Zhang Da and my supervisor is Professor Zhang Jingcai. With her constant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it is the show time. I will present my efforts to you and welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. First of all, I really want to be a teacher, so during the four years, I have read many books about how to become a good teacher. Secondly, when I was a freshman in the summer of 2008, I was chosen as a teaching assistant of the summer camp which was organized by the New Oriental English School in Shijiazhuang. In the summer camp, I rewrote a script of an English drama to be one of the programs of the open ceremony. It was very popular among those students. They thought it was very interesting. In 2010, I was practiced as an English teacher at Chenguantun Middle School in Qinhuangdao, I found that the students have little interest towards English learning, so I hoped I could help them. So I use the Drama Method as my teaching method. Almost all of the students were highly motivated by the interesting teaching method and they have made great progress in the exam one month later. So the research proved that the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. For the above facts, I select the subject of On the Significance of Drama Method in the Improvement of English Learning in Chinese Rural Junior High School as the title of my paper. I hope by studying this topic we can find an effective teaching method to help all the students’ English learning in junior high school.
Next, it is an outline of my paper. In the main part of this paper, I divide it into five parts.
Part one presents an introduction to identify the major problem of junior high school students’ English learning problems
Part two overviews all relevant researches in drama application in teaching oral English.
Part three is the research design, the research hypothesis, the subjects of the research, the research methods and the research procedures are conducted.
Part four is the findings from research data. After analyzing the data with Excel 2007, pedagogical findings and implications are delivered before the conclusion of the thesis.
Part five draws some conclusions about the research. As what has been shown in the research, there are a lot of benefits from drama performance; the Drama Method can be used as an effective teaching method. In addition, there are some suggestions for forthcoming researches.
OK! That is all. Thank you! Please ask questions.
Good evening, all the appraiser committee members. I come from HUST, majoring in foreign linguistics and applied linguistics. With her sincere and intellectual guidance, for nearly one whole year's hard work, I have finished my paper. Finally, it is the show time. This evening I will present my efforts to you all and I gratefully welcome any correction.
The title of my paper is A Study of the Causes of the Gothic Style
in from a Feminist Perspective. I choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. Firstly, I am fond of literature works , especially gothic literature works. Secondly, I am quite familiar with this short story as this is one of the texts in our intensive teaching course and I have taught this text for more than 3 times . Last but not the least ,as a female , I am keen on the study of feminism. For the above facts, I select the subject of as the title of my paper.
I hope by studying this short story we can know more about American southern women in certain history and culture and more importantly help women in modern society get a deeper understanding about ourselves ,help us raise our independence and confidence and show more concern for our mental health.
Next , I will present it to you. Here is an outline of my presentation. They are literature review, gothic tradition , the gothic style in the story and the causes of the gothic style .
This paper consists of six parts. Part one presents an introduction to the author William Faulkner and by pointing out the purpose and significance of this study. Part two is literature review which introduces the relevant research about this novel at home and abroad and then points out the theoretical basis and methods. Part three gives a timeline of the gothic tradition in literature and explains the main characteristics of gothic works. Part four explains the three aspects of the gothic style in the novel，that is, the death theme, grotesque characters and mystic atmosphere. Part five then explains in detail the causes of the gothic style in this novel: patriarchal oppression, the myth of southern ladyhood and Emily’s attitude towards love. Finally, in the conclusion, the author summarizes the previous parts and emphasizes the significance of the argument of the thesis again.
Ok, that's all. Now you may raise your questions ! I am ready! Thank you !!!
I will present my efforts to you and welcome any title of my paper is on transformation of parts of speech in translation. i choose this as my topic due to the following reasons. different languages have different standards to distinguish parts of speech. each language has its own special structure. and there are no equivalent parts of speech between different languages. in order to make the target version more idiomatic and standard, the transformation of parts of speech is always used by translators. so the transformation of parts of speech is playing a more important role in english to chinese based on different characteristics of english and chinese. for the above facts, i select the subject of“on transformation of parts of speech”as the title of my hope by studying this topic we can know the importance of the transformation of parts of speech in english to chinese translation. through transformation, we can get the better version and improve the translation way of thinking and expressing is quite different between chinese and english. english is a kind of static languages which tends to use more nouns. while chinese is a dynamic one in which verbs are often when we make translation in english to chinese, we should know this point and shift the parts of , it is an outline of my paper. in the main part of this paper, i divide it into five one presents an introduction to the basic concepts of parts of speech and two discusses the definition of translation and emphasizes the importance of transformation of parts of speech in the course of three gives four basic ways of transformation of parts of speech through illustrative examples. there are transformed english words into chinese verbs, nouns, adjectives and four presents some problems about transformation and gives some advise to solve the five draws some conclusions that transformation between parts of speech is necessary for us to achieve good translation. it is demonstrated that we can have a good master of transformation and improve the translation. in addition, we must continuously study and explore in all kinds of translation ! that is all. thank you!
Good morning,Distinguished professors and teachers, ladies and gentlemen, thank you for attending the oral defense. （或Welcome to attend the oral defense.） :I am XX. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, professorXX, for his intellectual guidance, invaluable instructions and comments on my thesis. It is with his valuable assistance that I have finally accomplished this topic is On the tragedy figures at historical turning points（Comparison of KongYiji and Rip Van ）The whole thesis consists of 6 parts. The first part will give a brief introduction of the negative, evasive and conservative attitudes of Kong and Rip as well as the topic s significance in the real society. And the second part is going to analyze the figures background to show the historical necessity of the tragedies. In the third part, the tragic heroes failing in the character according to their living environment will be further discussed and the fourth part is to talk about their different tendency of dispositions and behaviors in the society. Then the author will dig into the root causes of the tragedies in the fifth part, and sum up the whole paper to reveal the ideological weak points of the two countries separately in the last part.
stant encouragement and guidance, I have finished my paper. Now, it's show time. You and I will work hard to welcome any topic of my thesis is 《Angela carter to mythology research - the female archetype in “new eve passion”, for example》。 I choose this as my topic due to the following Carter （1940-1992） is an outstanding feminist writer whose influence on Britishwomen's writing was “pivotal in this opening and transformation” [“23]. The year 2014 represents the 22”^ anniversary of Angela Carter's death. In those twenty-two years, her works have been widely taught internationally and brought about much critical debate. In a survey conducted by Cristina Bacchilega and Danielle M. Roemer [2],Carter is one of the most commonly taught women writers on North American programs. She has endowed us with an amazingly large number of legacies in her comparatively limited life, setting foot in various fields such as novels,short stories,children stories, dramas, non-fictions and so on. The acute observations with great insights,as well as the devastating wit and poignant mockery in Carter's works have made her stand out as an iconic figure in English literature. Many scholars and critics have devoted themselves to the research on Angela Carter from many perspectives,including gothic, magic realism, feminism,post-modernism and so on. As a prolific writer who is always ready to blur the boundaries between different genres, Carter has left us a wonderful world to delve the emergence of western women's movement as well as the development of feminist criticism in the 1960s,the feminist approach has become a potent weapon for those who are concerned with the emancipation and legal rights of women. Though women's social status has considerably improved due to the contribution made by countless predecessors,the fundamental problem still lingers on. Carter, with her versatile and avant-garde reputation, is best known as a feminist writer. Concerning the dilemmas and predicaments faced by women nowadays,it is very necessary for us to probe into her insightful and penetrating reflections on femininity as well as the relationship between two genders. The Passion of New Eve, as one of Carter's most representative works, is of great value in the research of her feminist thoughts and , is my paper outline. In the main part of this article, I put it into five one is an introduction to the thesis, covering the research background, theobjective and significance as well as the organization of the two presents a broad picture of Angela Carter's life and her works, as well as the background information about The Passion of New Eve. It also reviews previous studies on Angela Carter and her works at home and abroad, summarizing achievements in the past and pointing out new directions in the three conducts a retrospective study on feminism and archetypal criticism. The author attempts to work out the origin and development of feminism, demonstrating the important role feminism plays in Carter's life. Then is the history of archetypal criticism,as well as those classic female archetypes in mythology. Regarding those fossilized and monotonous images as impediments to women's freedom and liberation,Carter endeavors to shatter them in her demythologizing strategy and appeals for a rational attitude toward heterosexual four is the main body of the thesis. Through an in-depth analysis on The Passion of New Eve,it demonstrates Carter's demythologizing of “The Temptress,,,”Mother Goddess“and ”Eve“ respectively in the text. Leilah,the embodiment of Delilah,the famous temptress in the Bible,cannot escape the fate of being objectified by men and herself. By exposing”temptresses“ as mere victims rather than symbols of viciousness. Carter condemns the oppression and exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. ”Mother“ in Beulah serves as a severe satire on those mother goddesses in mythology. Carter smashes the legend by revealing the surgically-made essence of mother and the patriarchal values lurking behind her alleged matriarchal kingdom, warning against the peril and impracticality of extremist her most convincing example goes to Eve, the most important female character in the Bible, Her transformative journey from a chauvinist to a real woman in the story illustrates that gender, rather than a hereditary feature, is the result of social influence and unremitting imitations. Carter concludes the story with proposing ”androgyny“ as a solution to the current problems,implying that mutual respect and understanding is the only way to achieve the harmony between the two five comes to a general conclusion, summarizing the limitations of the theses as well as some suggestions for further ! That is all. Thank you!
Good morning, distinguished professors and teachers, thank you for attending the oral defense. I’m *** and come from class *. My supervisor is professor Li. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to Prof. his consistent guidance and valuable suggestions, I have finished my paper. Now I will present my efforts to you and gratefully welcome any suggestion.
Firstly, I am very interested in the study of ambiguity. Ambiguity is a common phenomenon in all natural languages. As is known to all, in our daily conversations, ambiguity is often employed to achieve the effect of humor, thus creating a relaxing atmosphere and letting people feel at ease. Some jokes caused by ambiguity is very interesting.
Secondly, I have read several articles about ambiguity written by linguistics and scholars. I found my knowledge of ambiguity is very limited, superficial and nonsystematic. What I knew is just the tip of the iceberg. So I plan to learn more about ambiguity by this research.
Thirdly, I found many scholars have carried out numerous studies of ambiguity, but a majority of these studies are focused on single language separately. Articles about comparison between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity are not sufficient. So it is necessary to make further study.
For the above facts, I select this title.
Next, I will present the outline of my thesis. It consists of 7 parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the ambiguity and structure of the thesis.
The second part is literature review, briefly introducing the development of study of ambiguity and some scholars’s main views.
The third to fifth parts focus on three types of ambiguity in English and Chinese: phonological ambiguity, lexical ambiguity, syntactic ambiguity. In every broad type, I respectively list some detailed branches and cite some vivid English and Chinese examples to explain these ambiguity phenomena. But I put more focus on the third part and point out two differences of ambiguity between English ambiguity and Chinese ambiguity.
The part six will point out positive results by using ambiguity deliberately in daily conversations, advertisements and literary works.
The last part is the conclusion.
I hope by this contrastive research, we will have a better understanding of ambiguity in English and Chinese and apply it to our life and study.
When reading the final draft, I still find my argument is not so comprehensive and improvements are needed. So welcome your precious suggestion.
That’s all. Thank you.
日本 文化 又是历代日本人在湿润的环境中以顽强的忍耐力和精神，从事水稻栽培所形成的对植物有着特别感情的海洋文化。下文是我为大家整理的关于日本文化 毕业 论文优秀 范文 的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!
浅谈日本语言文化
【摘要】语言是文化的载体，日本语言文化渊源深厚，本文主要介绍了日本语言文化中的禁忌和委婉表达，通过对这两种形式的简要阐述，来强调人们在跨文化交际中，理解和领悟日本语言文化，掌握日本民族习俗。
【关键词】日本语言语言禁忌委婉表达语言文化
前言：
语言是社会生活约定俗成，逐渐沉积下来的产物。不同语言衬托出不同的语言文化，语言的产生和发展变化离不开本国民族与自然地理、风土人情以及社会文化的内在联系。掌握一种语言，就需要学习使用这种语言的民族习惯和历史文化背景，才能学以致用。日本语言学家森田良行曾经指出，研究一门语言，其文化背景是不能脱离的，否则很难掌握这种语言的精髓。所以，在日本语言的教学过程中，强化语言文化 教育 是非常重要的。日本语言是高级语言，日本语言的基本特征是具有隐含性、暧昧性以及非逻辑性表达方式，另外，日本语言的发展离不开其文化因素，为研究日本语言文化，必须了解日本语言的独有风格和日本语言的文化思想源泉。
1.日常生活中日本语言禁忌表现
日本语言中的称呼禁忌
日本有句 谚语 叫做“名示体”。在古代日本人认为，一个人的灵魂附在自己的名字上，造成各自的人格有所差异，如果说出主人的名字，其灵魂就会脱离人体扩散到大气中，被恶魔带走，也就是说，一个人的名字与自身安全、身体健康以及命运有着很大的联系。因此，为了保护所敬畏的人，人们不会直接称呼别人的名字。与此同时，古代日本人为了保护自己，一生中会出现很多次改名现象，从出生、成人到死分别都有幼名、成人名以及戒名。
日本语言的称呼禁忌一般表现在下级对上级、晚辈对长辈的称谓，由于日本原始社会对神秘力量的崇拜和敬畏，下级和晚辈不能直呼上级和长辈的名讳。在日本，明仁是日本天皇的名字，天皇是至高无上的、不能毁灭的，日本民族不能直呼天皇的名称。在日本当代社会中，也听不到“明仁”两字。日本人的这种语言禁忌始终存在于人们对天皇的尊重当中，甚至还存在于日本普通人民的日常生活中。时至今日，在日本，年长的女性，也不能直呼其丈夫的名字。他们往往去掉姓氏互相称呼。
日本生活中的禁忌
在古代，人们不知道幼儿是怎么生育的，因此，人们潜移默化的认为，这是神的力量在起作用，日本人称其为“产神”，他们认为产神具有保护婴儿与伤害婴儿的两方面性质。正因为当事科学不发达，婴儿出生后死亡率高，因此，在婴儿出生的过程中，不仅在日本，在中国也存在很多禁忌。日本人在产妇面前忌讳说有关“死”的字眼，中国人也是。在日本，也有为老人祝寿的风俗，他们也不希望将老人与“风烛残年”、“体弱”、“年迈”等词语联系起来，因此，这些词语就成为祝寿的禁忌语言。在中国，年轻人人给老人祝寿时，也很忌讳说“死”、“没了”、“完了”等词语，因为“钟”与“终”是谐音，因此给老人送礼物时禁忌送钟。
2.日本语言中的委婉表达
委婉表达语言的由来
对于任何一种语言，委婉表达都存在于其中。英语中“euphemism(委婉表达)”意思是“好听的一句话”，源于希腊语言文化。在中国，“委婉表达”的意思是指“声音婉转而动听，态度真诚”的意思。日语语言中“委婉表达”的意思是“将一种语言婉转含蓄地表达出来”。在日本人之间的日常会话以及日本语言文学作品中，我们发现，委婉表达在日本语言中非常多。在日本，人们为了拒绝别人的邀请或者建议，又不想违背他人的意图或者好意，日本人不会公然与别人发生碰撞，他们往往不直接拒绝，而是用最间接的 方法 ，拐弯抹角的进行委婉而含蓄的拒绝他人。在日本，存在着各种各样的拒绝语言，在这里也就不一一列举了。
委婉表达产生的社会文化环境
日本民族重视集体协调
在日本，委婉表达一词离不开他们长期所处的社会自然环境以及文化形态。日本人重视集体协调，他们往往会站在他人的立场思考问题、解决问题。这完全是由于他们所处自然地理与生产方式决定的。日本是一个被大海环绕的国家，许多日本研究者将这种地理因素叫做“自然地理的锁国”。日本政府曾经公布锁国令，除中国和朝鲜以外，使日本在200多年的历史中没有与其他国家进行交往。17世纪到8世纪末，日本与外部世界长期隔绝，使日本内部形成一种统一的民族风格。日本是一个以农耕、渔业为主的国家。
而且，日本人吃的大米，产于占国土总面积70%的山地，为使处在地势较高的农户与处于地势较低处的农户之间不产生用水问题上的矛盾，日本政府规定，在山地 种植 大米必须拥有集体观念。这种生产理念使得日本人民养成注重集体利益和站在他们立场上思考问题解决问题的方式。由此可以看出，古代的日本民族是一个和谐的民族。
日本民族重视以和为贵的思想观念
日本人很重视“以和为贵”的传统思想观念，为寻求集体利益的内部协调，日本民族与外界始终保持着和谐友好的关系，他们更加注重委婉表达，措辞含蓄。日本政府在宪法中制定了“以和为贵”的道德祖训。“村”是日本人民生活和生产中的一个小范围群体。如果有人脱离这个组织，就要受到其他人的耻笑;严重者将要受到一种制裁。所以，在日常工作和生活中，日本人很重视周围人的意见和建议，他人的观念是非常重要的，日本人往往不以自己的思想观念来看待问题。
日本语言的具体表现就是委婉表达。这种表达方式反映了社会与语言的内在联系，在日本语言文化交际中，将委婉表达使用得当，在不违背别人意愿的基础上又满足自己的观念，已经成为日本语言的一种趋势。所以，在日本社会生活中，委婉表达的探讨以及使用有助于培养跨文化交际人才，有助于日本语言教学和研究。
结论：
日本民族的集体意识已经成为日本社会生活的共同心理，日本人的优良 传统文化 和思想渊源成就了日本独具一格的语言体系。然而，伴随着日本现代社会环境的变化又出现了新的语言文化，但是，在日本，传统的语言文化价值观以及由于注重集体意识而来的语言特色，无论是现在还是将来，都对日本语言起着指导作用，永远不会被 其它 文化影响所磨灭。
参考文献：
[1]苑崇利.对日语口语表述文化特征的考察[J].日语学习与研究，2003.
[2]吴侃.日本语语法教程[M].上海：同济大学出版社，2000.
[3]刘芳.委婉表达在日本语言文化的体现[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(社会科学版)，2004.
[4]崔慕洁.关于构建日本语言文化体系的研究[M].佛山科学技术学院学报(社会科学版)，2004.
论茶道文化对日本社会的影响
1.日本茶道的历史
日本茶道的起源和形成
茶在中国已有5000多年的历史，相传“尝百草”的神农氏偶然间发现了茶具有解毒功能，从而把茶用作解毒的药物。780年陆羽的《茶经》问世，促进了中国茶文化的形成与发展。日本遣唐僧侣最澄、空海、永忠把唐朝的茶文化带回日本，形成了以嵯峨天皇、贵族、高级僧侣为主体的“弘仁茶风”。据史料记载，日本高僧最澄把中国的茶籽带回日本，种在日吉神社，这里成为日本最古老的茶园。《日本后记》弘仁6年(815年)记载了僧侣永忠为嵯峨天皇煎茶献茶。不过此时日本的 饮茶 法还只是效仿唐代的饼茶煮饮法。
镰仓时代，曾来南宋学习临济宗的僧侣荣西仿照《茶经》撰写了日本第一部茶书——《吃茶养身记》。书中主要讲述了茶的药用功效，并把当时宋朝的末茶饮茶法——日本茶道的抹茶饮法传入日本。中国的寺院饮茶茶礼在日本寺院盛行，日本茶道的茶礼就是在此基础上演变发展而来的。
镰仓时代末期到室町时代中期，从中国宋朝传入的游戏性的“斗茶”成为日本茶文化的主流。室町时代第八代将军足利义政为中心的东山文化，是日本中世文化的代表，诞生了以鉴赏唐物为主要目的的饮茶活动——书院茶道。
被称为茶道开山祖师的村田珠光将禅的思想引入到了茶道中，开创了朴素自然的草庵茶风。珠光通过禅与茶道的结合，把饮茶由一种饮食娱乐形式升华为一种艺术、一种哲学、一种宗教。武野绍鸥将日本的歌道理论与茶道相结合，补充和完善了珠光的茶道思想，推进了茶道的民族化和规范化。日本茶道的集大成者——千利休继承了珠光、绍鸥的茶道思想，进一步完善深化了草庵茶。千利休精减了点茶的程序，不使用端庄华丽的中国茶碗，而使用厚重朴素的高丽茶碗和日本乐窑茶碗。他还特别规定了茶花、怀石料理的法则及作为茶人的资格，创造了茶道中日本特色美的完整的艺术体系。至此草庵茶道，也即日本茶道正式形成。
日本茶道的现状
1592年千利休去世后，他的子孙和弟子们继承了他的茶道，至今大约形成20多个流派。千利休的子孙分为表千家、里千家、武者小路千家三个流派，现在日本流行的茶道主要指这三个流派。其他还有二十几个流派，主要有：远州流、织部流、三斋流、薮内流、宗遍流、庸轩流等。这些流派虽然有各自的茶道风格，但都以千利休的茶思想为指导思想。茶道的多样化促进了茶道的发展，茶道迅速普及到了社会的各个阶层。自明治维新以后，女性也加入到茶道活动中来，茶道成为许多女性出嫁前的必修课之一。
如今，茶道已是日本人生活中不可缺少的部分，被视为一种修身养性、提高文化素养和进行社交的手段。茶道作为日本民族文化的象征，已完全融入到日本人的日常生活中，对其生活乃至整个日本社会都产生了重要的影响。
2.茶道对日本社会的影响
茶道倡导了日本人的精神文化理念
《南方録》中记载了利休的话：草庵茶道最重要的目的是领悟佛法，修行得道。茶道的本意在于禅，倡导人们通过茶事活动修炼身心，升华思想境界。“和敬清寂”是茶道的根本精神，成为400多年来日本茶人的行为准则。
按照久松真一的观点，“和敬清寂”的理念不应只局限于人与人之间的关系，而必须是对“事物人境”而言的。“事物人境”涵盖整个茶道内容，包括茶道中的每一个方面，每一个细节。具体说来，“事”指点茶、喝茶、清扫、茶室的布置等诸事情;“物”指茶碗、茶勺、茶罐、茶刷等茶道具;“人”指主人、客人;“境”指茶庭、茶室等环境。只有在茶道中贯彻对“事物人境”的“和敬清寂”，才是真正的茶道。理解了这点，才会体会出复杂茶礼的奥妙，体会到日本人所推崇的审美观。点茶的手法、茶道具摆放的位置、在茶室中行走的路线和步伐、饮茶的步骤等，这些环节是茶人在反复实践中 总结 出来的最稳妥、最合理的路径和程式。当人们信手而为就符合茶道礼法时，才能真正领悟茶道“和敬清寂”的精神，最终达到“茶禅一味”的境界。
茶道把待客、吃饭、喝茶等日常的生活行为提炼成极具传统和形式美的艺术高度。正如桑田忠亲在《茶道的历史》前言中所说，茶道已成为表现日本人日常文化生活的规范和理想。它完善了日本人的精神文化生活，促进了日本国民文化水平的提高。
茶道形成了日本传统建筑风格
茶道建筑由茶室和茶庭两大部分组成，茶室和茶庭是供人举行茶事的场所。茶道建筑是日本传统建筑的代表，对后世日本建筑的发展有深远的影响。
日本茶道的茶室因其外形与农家草庵相似，又被称为“草庵茶室”。茶室使用竹、木、草、石等材料建造而成，秸秆屋顶、砂土掺稻秸涂抹的墙壁、不剥树皮的原木做的柱子，尽显其古朴、自然的风格。茶室的标准面积一般为四张半榻榻米。茶室虽小，但每一个细节的设置，每一种材料的选择，茶人们都力求独具匠心。茶室的小入口、壁龛、地炉、小天窗等都是茶道大师们几百年来智慧的结晶。利休的茶室、织布的茶室、远州的茶室等各具特色，这些茶室所体现和追求的美感，对江户时代的武士阶层和上层市民阶层的房屋建筑风格有很大影响。人们把这种代表日本传统建筑风格的建筑称之为“数寄屋建筑”，在世界建筑史上占有一席之地。
茶庭，顾名思义是指与茶室相配的庭园。禅宗中把领悟的境地称为“ 白露 地”，受此影响日本茶道中称茶庭为“露地”。茶庭的面积不大，大多在100～200平方米，分为外露地和内露地，内外露地以中门分隔开来。客人先在外露地静心安神，而后经中门进入内露地，也就进入了忘俗的境界。在茶室门口首先要洗手和漱口，就是要人们洗涤心灵，除去杂念的意思。茶庭中设置等待室、厕所(雪隐)、尘穴、石制洗手钵、石灯笼等。茶庭中的小路，大多以脚踏石和碎石铺就。庭中除去一条条迂回曲折的小路，均被常绿树木所覆盖，营造出“山中草庵”的风情。
脚踏石、石制洗手钵、石灯笼已成为现代日本庭园不可缺少的组成部分。不论是日本庭园还是居家院落，都受到了茶庭的影响，历经时间锤炼的茶庭是当代日本庭园建筑的代表。
茶道促进了日本陶艺制造业的繁荣
茶碗是茶道具中品种最多、最重要的用具。在茶道兴起的初期，使用的几乎都是来自中国的茶碗，其中端庄华丽的天目茶碗最受追捧。随着草庵茶的确立，随着草庵茶道的确立，茶风趋向朴拙自然，外形粗糙、色彩朴素的高丽茶碗开始大行其道。为了更好地表现草庵茶道的风格，千利休与陶工长次郎一起设计制造了乐窑茶碗。优雅厚重的乐窑茶碗是草庵茶中规格最高的茶碗，是日本茶陶的代表。
江户时期，茶道的普及使日本陶艺技术迅速发展开来。织布窑、远州七窑、仁清窑、志野窑等，日本的民窑遍地开花，并传承至今。茶碗在品类、造型、釉色、装饰艺术等表现手法上的多元化极大地推进了日本陶艺民族化、本土化风格的发展。
日本茶道不仅是点茶、饮茶的过程，而且是包括吃饭在内的招待客人的整个过程。茶道中用到的道具多达上百种，涉及陶艺、漆艺、木艺、竹艺、纸艺等行业。这些行业里的艺术家们都以创作出符合茶道理念的独特作品为最高追求，可以说茶道的影响渗透到了日本的各个工艺制造业。
茶道丰富了日本人的饮食文化
在茶道形成初期，点茶之前吃的饭一般写作“会席”，在《南方録》中开始写作“怀石”(日语中，怀石与会席都读作“kaiseki”)。“怀石”原本指禅僧为了抵御寒冷而塞在怀里的温热石头，喻指简单的饮食。近代以来日本人把茶道中的饭称为“怀石”。
茶怀石的内容最初是由千利休规定的，一般为一汤三菜。菜品简单，但烹饪却极为讲究。选材崇尚应季的天然食材，注重搭配的协调，将茶道精神与饭菜融为一体。考究的器皿，宛如工艺品般的菜肴，每一道菜都给人味觉和视觉上的美好感受。
在江户初期大名和武士的茶道中，茶怀石不再拘泥于简素，变成菜品丰富的豪华料理，成为茶道外也可享用的料理——江户中期，在东京、大阪等地的高级餐馆就出现了“会席料理”(即现在的“怀石料理”)。新鲜的食材、上好的烹饪、精致的器皿、优雅的环境，怀石料理已成为日本传统料理的主流，成为日本高级料理的代表。
3.结语
历经400多年的日本茶道已发展为集宗教、哲学、美学、艺术和建筑设计等为一体的综合艺术，不仅影响了日本国民的精神文化、建筑风格、陶艺制造和饮食文化，还在其生活习惯、服饰、书法甚至文学等领域产生了深远的影响，可以说没有茶道，就没有日本文化史。研究茶道，对于我们了解日本文化、认识日本社会有重要意义。
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语言是一种文化现象,不同民族的文化反映在不同民族的语言之中,离开语言所依赖的文化背景,就很难真正学好一门外语。下文是我为大家整理的关于日本文化日语论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!
论从日语构造和日语运用看日本文化
摘要：“人的思考习惯”是指说同一种语言的人们共同拥有的一种认知习惯的总和，它是人们每天无意识的习惯性的思考和行为模式的基本，这些集合起来就成了文化。总之，用某种语法构造说出来话的意思是以说话人的认知习惯为前提在文脉中产生的。在这里面，又是和作为文脉的文化联系在一起的。要弄清楚作为文化基本要素的人们的思考习惯，一个很重要的线索就是语言。
关键词：言语文化学;言语意识;言语表现;日本文化
牧野成一说过，言语文化学既不是用文化来解释言语，也不是用言语来解释文化。假定可以显示某种言语现象和文化现象有某种必然的联系，那就要通过明确地提出具体是在什么时候来证明言语与文化的有机性，有缘性。总之，所谓言语文化学，是一门以已经作为社会习惯确定下来的言语的，文化的各个特征为研究对象，通过和两者有关系的普遍的媒介物，达到科学的记述的目的。本文即从日语的言语文化分析的视点，弄清楚日语和日本文化是如何联系在一起的。
一、日语构造里的文化
(一)词汇与日本文化
作为单词的总和的词汇，可以说在相当程度上反映了使用者所处的自然环境，社会文化，以及生活在里面的人们的思考方式。
1.词汇中反映的日本的传统文化和外来文化的交错
日语词汇里，反映了日本固有的要素和外来要素混合的文化。例如：和语•汉语•洋语混在一起。比如我们仅限于衣食住方面的话，衣方面，有「着物」「ゆかた」「帯」「寝巻」和「シャツ」「パンツ」「パジャマ」等，食方面，有「米」「汁」「豆腐」「すき焼き」「酒」和「スープ」チーズ」キャンディー」等，住方面，有「玄関」「ふすま」「縁侧」和「ドア」「ベランダ」等。所有的都包含三种语种，这三种语种的竞争，正反映了日本传统文化和外来文化交错的姿态。正是这种二重构造才是日本文化的特征。
2.特殊的一群――拟情词(拟声词•拟态词)
金田一春彦教授认为，在很多言语的词汇体系中都是空白部分的拟情词的存在是日语词汇独特的一个特点。都说日语里拟声词和拟态词多，虽然不能说这是日语独有的特色，但是这种单词的多用是感觉的，非分析性的事物认识的一个例证。例如：イライラ•ムシャクシャ•ヤキモキ…等等，对外国人来说很难理解吧。ホットする•ハレパレとした気分•スッキリした•(胸の中が)モヤモヤしている•ウンザリだ•ガッカリだ……等等，总是把感情状态分得特别细，有时描写很激烈的动作的状态的语句非常丰富，被经常和频繁地使用。ショゲル•フサギコム•ムクレル•ムカツク•ジレル•イラダツ•侘ビル……等等，对于把这种不断地感情的摇摆的心情分得如此之细的日本人来说，如果让他们生活在没有拟情词的“意思世界”里的话，他们一定会感觉到非常痛苦。
(二)语法里的文化
1.语序
日语是所谓的SOV(主语+宾语+动词)的语序。即：不仅是句子的信息，句子基本的意思构造不到句末是不能理解的。例如：
彼女は日本语教师になりました。
彼女は日本语教师になりませんでした。
彼女は日本语教师になりたかったんです。
彼女は日本语教师になりましたか。
句子是记叙句，否定句，还是疑问句不到句末是不知道的。可以说一直到句末都有悬念。如果把句子的信息当作是内部的话，像日语这种语序的语言，到达内部的过程就不显得唐突，比较缓和。从听者来看，不能从句首就能把握整个句子，而是从外部慢慢地到达内部。
2.自动词和他动词的使用选择
(1)不使用“他动词句”而选择使用“自动词句”
お茶が入りましたよ。(自动词句)
お茶を入れましたよ。(他动词句)
这是说话人给对方倒完茶之后的场景。这个时候，不用他动词句「お茶を入れましたよ」，而是多用自动词句「お茶が入っていますよ。」通过用说“茶已经倒好了”这个显示结果的句子，来抹掉主语“我”，这是一种不涉及到是“我把茶倒好了”的说法。如果使用他动词的话，就成了包含有“我为了你把茶泡好了”这种自己的行为给对方带来恩惠的说法，会让对方不愉快。
(2)取代使用“自动词句”而选择使用“他动词句”
部屋を散らかしていて、すみません。(他动词句)
部屋が散らかっていて、すみません。(自动词句)
前者和后者都经常被使用。前者的他动词句子是说明把房间弄的很乱的是自己，有一种给对方带来不愉快而道歉的表达方式。后者的自动词句子只是说明“房间很乱”这个状态，至于是谁的责任则比较暧昧的说法。这种情况下，比起用自动词句，用他动词句对道歉的心情更强烈些，会给对方更好的印象。
使用自动词句还是使用他动词句有以下的倾向：
自己(动作主人)直接或间接的会给对方带来负面的影响的情况，如果使用自动词句，容易招来“回避责任”的误解，所以为了确实的给带来麻烦的对方传达道歉的心情，比起用自动词句，有更多的会选择使用他动词句的倾向;
自己(动作主人)特意采取给对方带来正面效果的行为的情况下，如果使用他动词句，可能会给对方一种“强加于人的好意”“自我主张”等的印象，所以更倾向于使用自动词句，而不是他动词句。
二、日语运用中的文化——言语
意识和言语行为(一)定型化的寒暄语――人际关系的润滑剂
所谓寒暄是指人和人见面的时候或分开的时候互相交换的礼貌的行为或语言。通过说这些话语向对方显示敬意或亲近的心情，使人际关系和社会生活顺畅。
说到寒暄语，包括：①人跟人见面的时候，“おはようございます”“お元気ですか”等;②表示欢迎的时候，“いらっしゃいませ”等;③分开的时候，「さようなら」「おやすみなさい」等;④回家的时候，“ただいま”“お帰りなさい” ;⑤出门的时候，“いってきます」”“いってらっしゃい”等;⑥吃饭的时候，“いただきます”“ごちそうさま”等。
日语中说这种固定的寒暄语是非常普通的习惯。 “毎度ご来店くださいまして有难うございます”“毎度ご乗车有难うございます” 像这种固定的寒暄语在日本社会中也是非常广泛地使用。而在很多其他语言中这种固定的句子是一个空白的部分。但是，对日本人来说，根据用不用寒暄语，用什么样的寒暄语，可以显示对人关系的很大的不同。有可能出现只是因为没有用寒暄语而导致人际关系的不和谐，而相反，也有只是一句寒暄语而成为点亮了对方心里的暖灯的情况。总之，寒暄语作为人际关系的润滑油被使用，如果没有寒暄语，就会成为一个很难居住的世界。
(二)支配敬语行为的心理
谁都知道，日语的敬语非常发达。尊敬人的心情在哪个国家都能见到，但是把它发展到整个语法和词汇里形成了完整的体系不能不说是日语的一个特色。在日语里，除了身份，地位等社会地位以外，职业以及相关的业务里自己从属的社会、年龄、性别等的差别等等这些要素规定了当事人的用语。不仅如此，这种不同，在谈话双方之间产生了落差的时候，必须选择可以均衡这种关系的话语。
一般使用的敬语的规则是，根据对方或话题中出现的事物跟自己的关系(上下•亲疏•利益关系)，使用相适应的词句。当然也会考虑“待遇表现”或“品格语”。支配日本人言语行为的条件有很多，最主要还是由“敬意” 的表达方式和微妙的对人意识里的“心里距离”的拿捏这两种来决定的。总之，就是是否把对方和对象纳入“自己人”的范围，根据这种和自己心里距离的远近来决定采用何种用词。
三、结语
日语和日本人的意识互相影响，成为一体，形成了日本列岛上独自的一个精神空间。可以被称作“民族的精神空间”。这也同时可以称作“民族的言语空间”。“日本人像”也好，“日语像”也好都可以从中得到反映。本文以日语的言语文化分析为视点，从日语构造和日语运用这两个方面分析了“日语像”和“日本人像”。可以说通过一些词汇，语法和几个言语表达方面，一定程度上弄清楚了日语和日本人的认知习惯及日本文化是如何联系在一起的。当然，日语和日本文化的联系仅就在以上两个方面也都远远不止这些。例如，还包括日语中反映日本这个民族擅长和不太擅长的方面，日语中可以反映喜欢用自动词发想的日本人，授受动词的多用，被动语态的妙用，沉默的日本人，人称代名词的省略，暧昧表现，婉转的拒绝等等。这些都当作今后的课题来讨论。
参考文献
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浅析日本文化对日语成语的影响
摘 要： 成语是民族语言发展的产物，承载了丰富的文化信息，是语言词汇的精华。它就像一面镜子，清晰地反映出一个民族的文化特色。民族文化会在语言中留下深深的烙印，促使成语的形成。本文从自然环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰三个方面论述日本文化对日语成语的产生、发展及形成所具有的重要意义。
关键词： 日本文化 日语成语 意义
“语言是文化的载体，是文化的积淀，更是文化的映像”[1]。语言中存在丰富的文化内涵。任何一种语言的产生、变化和发展都与其民族和国家的自然地理环境、社会文化和风土人情息息相关。正如日本语言学家森田良行先生所说：“言叶はそれを生み出した社会的文化であり、文化的视点を离れて言叶を考えることは生きた本当の言叶を眺めることにはならないであろう。”[2](语言是社会文化的产物，离开文化视点考虑语言就无法看到真正的语言)成语作为语言文化中文化性最强的一个部分，更是民族文化精华的体现。它就像一面镜子，清晰地反映出了一个民族的文化特色。
民族文化势必在语言中留下深深的烙印，促使成语的形成。学习和掌握成语既能提高语言表达能力又能增强文化能力，文化能力的增强必将有助于语言能力的提高。日本文化纷繁复杂，并且吸收多国文化的精华，拥有大量的成语。本文从自然环境、风俗习惯、宗教信仰三方面简述日本文化对日语成语的形成、发展的影响，引起人们对成语和文化之间关系的重视，进而更好地学习和理解日语成语，并在语言实践中准确地表达成语的意义，避免由于不了解日语成语的文化背景而产生令人啼笑皆非的错误。日本权威词典《国语大辞典》这样解释成语：“古人が作って、昔から屡々用いられて来た语句、合成语、熟语など二语以上が缠まってきた言叶。”(从古至今一直沿用的词句、复合语、熟语等由两字以上构成的语言)可见日语成语包括汉语中的二字四字词组、谚语、惯用语句、格言、歇后语等。
一、自然环境
“自然环境作为人类的生存空间，必将与该民族的文化特征有密不可分的关系”[3]。日本人自古以来生活在四面环海的岛国，盛产各种鲜鱼，从而形成了独特的“鱼文化”。从最普通廉价的「鰯」到最稀少昂贵的「鲷」都大量出现在成语中。「鰯の头も信心から」(精诚所至);「鲷の尾より鰯の头」(宁为鸡头，不为凤尾);「鲭を読む」(故弄玄虚);「鳗登り」(扶摇直上);「鲍の具の片思い」(一厢情愿);「虾で鲷を钓る」(抛砖引玉);「山芋が鳗となる」(鸡窝里飞不出金凤凰);「鲈庖丁」(尔虞我诈);「鼈が时を作る」(异想天开)等。正是因为“鱼”是日本民族饮食的主角，所以在日语成语中鱼的种类被详细地划分，各类鱼的形象特点也被刻画得淋漓尽致。因为日本的海产资源丰富，一年四季都能吃到新鲜的海产品，所以日本民族对食品调料便不像大陆民族那样急切和讲究。在日本很长时间只把「塩」和「味噌」作为调料品。「塩」是从海水中提取的，因此各家各户味道都一样。但是用大豆做的「味噌」每个人做的味道都不相同。如果自己做的「味噌」比别人的都香，就是非常自豪和骄傲的。于是便有了日语成语「出前味噌」和「味噌が上がる」(自吹自擂);「味噌を擂る」(阿谀奉承)。但是如果配方比例出了问题，「味噌」就会做失败，所以「味噌を付ける」就是“丢人现眼”的意思。此外，「味噌もくそも一绪にする」(好坏不分);「味噌が腐る」(指嗓音太坏)等。
日本列岛山多地少，自然环境特别恶劣，以种植水稻谋生。引水灌溉是种植水稻的重要必备条件，因此各家各户经常发生水源纠纷，成语「水挂け论」(争论不休)。日本民族以大米为主食，相关成语有：「他人の饭は白い」(家花不如野花香);「花より団子」(舍华求实);「朝饭前」(一蹴而就);「冷や饭を食う」(坐冷板凳);「饼は饼屋」(无论做什么事情还得依靠行家);「同じ釜の饭を食う」(亲密无间)等。
日本频繁受到台风、地震、海啸等多种自然灾害的袭击，古代日本民族对一切自然现象都十分恐惧、敬畏，他们认为人世间的一切都是有灵魂的，都是神的化身。日本民族信奉「神」「霊」「鬼」，认为「鬼」是「神」从天上、海上、山上派遣来到地上后的变形，它力大无穷、冷酷无情，非常可怕。由此产生「鬼に金棒」(如虎添翼);「鬼の空念仏」(虚情假意);「鬼の井沼に洗濯」(山中无老虎猴子称霸王);「心の鬼にする」(横下一条心);「鬼を酢にして食う」(天不怕地不怕)等。在威力无比的神和大自然面前，人要生存下来就必须祈求神灵的庇佑。日本全国各地遍布大大小小的「神社」，里面供奉着不同的「神様」，每年都要举行各式隆重的祭祀活动，日语称之为「祭り」。「最初の祭り」指非常隆重、热闹;而「後の祭り」指错过了时机，毫无意义。
自古以来，日本民族就在日本列岛上生存繁衍，岛国文化是日语成语的生命源泉。
二、风俗习惯
“风俗习惯是一个民族在特定的历史发展过程和地理环境中逐渐形成的，是文化形态的象征，涉及社会生活的各个领域”[4]。作为文化载体的语言必然会反映该民族的风俗习惯，并形成具有本民族特色的成语。
日本民族自古以来信仰「言霊」，认为语言具有不可思议的灵验力。这种灵验力既能带来吉祥，又会招致灾祸。心里期盼的吉祥如果随便说出来，「言霊」就会失效。日本民族对自己的语言慎之又慎，主张「言叶多きは悪し」(言多必失);「沈黙は最大雄弁なり」(沉默是最佳的雄辩);「口は祸の门」(祸从口出);「言わぬが花」(不说为妙)。由动词「言う」构成的成语绝大部分带有贬义：「言い落とす」(信口开河);「言いふらす」(散布谣言);「言いまくる」(口若悬河)等充分反映日本民族对发言的消极认识。
「花道」「茶道」在日本民族的生活中占据非常重要的地位，是闻名世界境界极高的艺术。成语「草花三年」指学习插花是从最一般的插草花开始练习的，但是要插得好至少要勤练三年，以此成语强调苦练基本功的重要性。「茶道」的礼仪作法非常难，但是早晨吃的普通的「お茶の子」是谁都会做的最简单的事，由此便有了成语「お茶の子さいさい」(轻而易举)。茶艺不精，随随便便泡茶有了成语「お茶を浊す」，指含糊其辞、马马虎虎。以茶为题材的成语还有「茶にする」(爱理不理);「灭茶苦茶」(乱七八糟);「番茶も出花」(旧貌换新颜)等。日本民族丰富多彩的生活是日语成语生存的肥沃土壤。 人类与动植物共同生活在地球上，朝夕相处。
某些动植物的特性在表达人的思想感情上有意想不到的效果，日语中就有很多以动植物设喻的成语。樱花是日本的国花，自古以来深受日本民族的喜爱。樱花花期极短，但它齐开齐落、绚丽缤纷、轰轰烈烈的“集团主义美”，在凋谢前依然保有高尚风范，这些都是日本民族毕生所追求的崇高品质。在日语中有许多以樱花为主题的赞美的成语：「桜は花に现れる」(才华横溢);「桜は七日」(在短暂的一生中也要干出宏伟的事业);「三日见ぬ间の桜」(世事无常)等。日本两大重要的节日五月五日的端午节一定要插「菖蒲」，九月九日的重阳节一定要装饰「菊」。但是节日第二天六日的「菖蒲」和十日的「菊」就没有任何用处。成语「六日の菖蒲」「十日の菊」就表示错失了良机，没有任何价值，意同汉语的“雨后送伞”。
「河童」是日本神话故事中虚构的动物形象，擅长游泳，也可以生活在陆地上，深得日本人的喜爱。「陆に上がった河童」(虎落平川);「河童に水泳に教える」(班门弄斧);「河童の川流れ」(淹死会水的人)。「鹈」是专门吃鱼的，它吃鱼时是一口将鱼整条吞下。借用这种现象成语「鹈呑みにする」比喻不求甚解，或是上当受骗。「亀」是日本民族非常喜爱的动物，人们认为「亀の甲より年の功」(姜是老的辣)，希望「亀は万年」(像龟一样长寿)。日本民族认为自己的体内都栖息着「虫」，这些「虫」长得什么样、藏在体内什么地方谁都不知道，平常这些「虫」潜伏在体内某个地方一动不动，让人没有任何感觉，但是一有时机它们就会行动起来令人难以对付。这些「虫」操纵指挥着每一个日本人的思想和行为，于是产生了很多以「虫」设喻的成语。「虫の居所が悪い」(心中不快);「腹の虫が纳まらぬ」(怒气难消);「虫すが走る」(令人作呕);「虫の知らせ」(事前预感);「泣き虫」(爱哭的人);「弱虫」(胆小鬼)。而「虫がいい」指体内的虫子在洋洋得意地任意摆布着人的行为，不管别人的感受，意同汉语的“自私自利”。此外，日语中还有很多以日常生活中常见的动物如猫、狗、牛、马等设喻的成语，在此就不一一列举。总之，动植物是日语成语取之不尽的丰富资源。对于这些带有特殊民族文化烙印的成语，一定要在了解民族文化内涵的基础上学习和运用，才能避免误解、误译、误传。
三、宗教信仰
宗教信仰作为一种社会意识形态，会给人的思维产生具有渗透性、持久性的动力。思想文化渗透同时伴随着语言渗透，不同的宗教信仰形成不同的文化特色，再现不同的文化传统。
日本民族的宗教信仰较为复杂，经历多个时期。中国的“道教”最早传入日本，日语成语「六神主なし」(六神无主)，「六神」就是指道教中的“心、肺、肝、肾、脾、脏”六脏之神。随着中国汉字传入日本，中国古代提倡的“修己治人”的儒学也传入日本。儒教所推崇的“仁义礼智信”成为日本民族为人处世的原则，并对日本文化产生深远的影响，产生很多蕴含儒教思想的成语如：「孔子の倒れ」(人无完人);「犬に论语」(对牛弹琴);「男は松女は藤」(男尊女卑)等。公元六世纪佛教传入日本后，很大程度上改变了日本人的人生观，成了日本民族的精神支柱。在佛教中把善恶世界分为“欲界”、“色界”、“无色界”三界，最高的无色界称“有顶天”，能登上这一最高境界当然是欣喜若狂，于是有了日语成语「有顶天になる」(得意忘形、忘乎所以)。僧人们每天赤脚行乞，晚上回到寺院一定要洗净脚才给信徒们讲经说法，所以「足を洗う」表示洗手不干。和佛教有关的成语还有「仏顶面」(板着面孔、绷着脸);「仏の颜も三度」(事不过三);「お释迦に経を闻かせる」(班门弄斧);「有为转変は世の习い世」(世事无常)等。这些带有浓郁宗教色彩的日语成语已深入日本人的生活。宗教信仰给日语成语提供充足的养分。
综上所述，日语成语丰富多彩，充满智慧和创造力，是蕴含日本文化最丰富的语言单位，更是日本文化的精华和核心的体现，在文章和交流中使用率极高。我们必须重视对日语成语的学习和掌握，只有这样才能加深对日本文化的理解，并不断提高日语水平。
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毕业论文是高等教育本科专业学生完成本科阶段学业的最后一个环节，它是学生的总结性独立作业，目的在于总结学习专业的成果，培养综合运用所学知识解决实际问题的能力。从文体而言，它也是对某一专业领域的现实问题或理论问题进行科学研究探索的具有一定意义的论说文。完成毕业论文的撰写可以分两个步骤，即选择课题和研究课题。 一、获取最佳论文选题的途径 首先是选择课题。选题是论文撰写成败的关键。因为，选题是毕业论文撰写的第一步，它实际上就是确定“写什么”的问题，亦即确定科学研究的方向。如果不明确“写什么”，“怎么写”就无从谈起。下面谈一下获取论文选题的途径。 学士论文是合格的本科毕业生撰写的论文。毕业论文应反映出作者能够准确地掌握大学阶段所学的专业基础知识，基本学会综合运用所学知识进行科学研究的方法，对所研究的题目有一定的心得体会，论文题目的范围不宜过宽，一般选择本学科某一重要问题的一个侧面或一个难点，选择题目还应避免过小、过旧和过长。在具体选题方面： 1、选择你有浓厚兴趣，而且在某方面较有专长的课题。 2、在不了解和了解不详的领域中寻找课题。 3、要善于独辟蹊径，选择富有新意的课题。 4、选择能够找得到足够参考资料的课题。 5、征询导师和专家的意见。 6、善于利用图书馆；图书馆的自动化、网络化为读者选题提供了便利条件。 不管学生是自己任意选择课题，还是在学校公布的指定课题中选择课题，都要坚持选择有科学价值和现实意义的、切实可行的课题。选好课题是毕业论文成功的一半。 第一、要坚持选择有科学价值和现实意义的课题。 第二、要根据自己的能力选择切实可行的课题。 二、研究课题一般程序 选好课题后，接下来的工作就是研究课题，研究课题一般程序是：搜集资料、研究资料，明确论点和选定材料，最后是执笔撰写、修改定稿。 第一、研究课题的基础工作---搜集资料。学生可以从查阅图书馆、资料室的资料，做实地调查研究等方面来搜集资料。搜集资料越具体、细致越好，最好把想要搜集资料的文献目录、详细计划都列出来。首先，查阅资料时要熟悉、掌握图书分类法，要善于利用书目、索引，要熟练地使用其他工具书，如年鉴、文摘、表册、数字等。其次，做实地调查研究，调查研究能获得最真实可靠、最丰富的第一手资料，调查研究时要做到目的明确、对象明确、内容明确。调查的方法有：普遍调查、重点调查、典型调查、抽样调查。调查的方式有：开会、访问、问卷。 第二、研究课题的重点工作---研究资料。学生要对所搜集到手的资料进行全面浏览，并对不同资料采用不同的阅读方法，如阅读、选读、研读。 通读即对全文进行阅读，选读即对有用部分、有用内容进行阅读，研读即对与研究课题有关的内容进行全面、认真、细致、深入、反复的阅读。在研读过程中要积极思考。要以书或论文中的论点、论据、论证方法与研究方法来触发自己的思考，要眼、手、脑并用，发挥想象力，进行新的创造。 在研究资料时，还要做好资料的记录。 第三、研究课题的核心工作―――明确论点和选定材料。在研究资料的基础上，学生提出自己的观点和见解，根据选题，确立基本论点和分论点。提出自己的观点要突出新创见，创新是灵魂，不能只是重复前人或人云亦云。同时，还要防止贪大求全的倾向，生怕不完整，大段地复述已有的知识，那就体现不出自己研究的特色和成果了。 根据已确立的基本论点和分论点选定材料，这些材料是自己在对所搜集的资料加以研究的基础上形成的。组织材料要注意掌握科学的思维方法，注意前后材料的逻辑关系和主次关系。 第四、研究课题的关键工作―――执笔撰写。学生下笔时要对以下两个方面加以注意：拟定提纲和基本格式。 拟定提纲包括题目、基本论点、内容纲要。内容纲要包括大项目即大段段旨、中项目即段旨、小项目即段中材料或小段段旨。 要特别强调拟制写作提纲。写作提纲，类似一张建设蓝图，可以帮助作者自己勾划出全篇论文的框架或轮廓，体现自己经过对材料的消化与进行逻辑思维后形成的初步设想，可计划先写什么、后写什么，前后如何表述一致，重点又放在哪里，哪里需要进行一些注释或解说。按此计划写作，可使论文层次清晰，前后照应，内容连贯，表达严密。 基本格式：一般毕业论文由标题、摘要、正文、参考文献等4方面内容构成。标题要求直接、具体、醒目、简明扼要。摘要即摘出论文中的要点放在论文的正文之前，以方便读者阅读，所以要简洁、概括。正文是毕业论文的核心内容，包括绪论、本论、结论三大部分。绪论部分主要说明研究这一课题的理由、意义，要写得简洁。要明确、具体地提出所论述课题，有时要写些历史回顾和现状分析，本人将有哪些补充、纠正或发展，还要简单介绍论证方法。本论部分是论文的主体，即表达作者的研究成果，主要阐述自己的观点及其论据。这部分要以充分有力的材料阐述观点，要准确把握文章内容的层次、大小段落间的内在联系。篇幅较长的论文常用推论式（即由此论点到彼论点逐层展开、步步深入的写法）和分论式（即把从属于基本论点的几个分论点并列起来，一个个分别加以论述）两者结合的方法。结论部分是论文的归结收束部分，要写论证的结果，做到首尾一贯，同时要写对课题研究的展望，提及进一步探讨的问题或可能解决的途径等。参考文献即撰写论文过程中研读的一些文章或资料，要选择主要的列在文后。 第五、研究课题的保障工作―――修改定稿。通过这一环节，可以看出写作意图是否表达清楚，基本论点和分论点是否准确、明确，材料用得是否恰当、有说服力，材料的安排与论证是否有逻辑效果，大小段落的结构是否完整、衔接自然，句子词语是否正确妥当，文章是否合乎规范。 总之，撰写毕业论文是一种复杂的思维活动，对于缺乏写作经验的学生来说，确有一定的难度。因此，大家要“学习学习再学习，实践实践再实践”，虚心向指导教师求教。 三、毕业论文的标准格式 1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录 目录是论文中主要段落的简表。 3、内容提要： 是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词 关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作计算机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在"提要"的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题分析，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。（参见《汉语主题词表》和《世界汉语主题词表》）。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义,并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： a.提出问题-论点； b.分析问题-论据和论证； c.解决问题-论证方法与步骤； d.结论。 6、参考文献 一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在研究和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期） 英文：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。 四、论文写作的谋篇构思 1．构思要围绕主题展开 若要使论文写得条理清晰、脉络分明，必须要使全文有一条贯穿线，这就是论文的主题。主题是一篇学术论文的精髓，它是体现作者的学术观点学术见解的。论文影响读者主要就是靠其主题来实现的。因此，下笔写论文前，谋篇构思就要围绕主题，构思要为主题服务。正如法国的画家米勒（Millet）所说："所谓构思，是指把一个人的思想传递给别人的艺术"。可见这一条十分重要。 2．构思论文布局，要力求结构完整统一 在对一篇论文构思时，有时会发现需要按时间顺序编写，有时又会需要按地域位置（空间）顺序编写，但更多的还是需要按逻辑关系编写，即要求符合客观事物的内在联系和规律，符合科学研究和认识事物的逻辑。但不管属于何种情形，都应保持合乎情理、连贯完整。有时，构思出现几种写作方案，这就需要进行比较，在比较中，随着思考的不断深化，写作思路又会经历一个由庞杂到单纯，由千头万绪到形成一条明确线索的过程，此时，应适时抓住顿悟之机，按照古人之去"应机立断，须定一途"的精神，确定一种较好方案。 3．要作读者分析 撰写并发表任何一篇科技文章，其最终目的是让别人读的，因此，构思时要求?quot;心中装着读者"，多作读者分析。有了清晰的读者对象，才能有效地展开构思，也才能顺利地确定立意、选材以及表达的角度。一般说来，读者可分为专业读者、非专业读者、主管领导或科技工作主管机构负责人等，人们对科技文章的要求与评估标准各异。对于学术论文来说，其读者对象为同行专业读者，因此，构思要从满足专业需要与发展的角度去思考，确定取舍材料与表达深度与广度，明确论文的重点。如果一篇论文包含有重要性不同的几个论题，作者应分清主次，考虑如何由次要论题向主要论题的过渡，以能引起专业读者的兴趣。 五、学位论文的总体原则 1、立论客观，具有独创性： 文章的基本观点必须来自具体材料的分析和研究中，所提出的问题在本专业学科领域内有一定的理论意义或实际意义，并通过独立研究，提出了自己一定的认知和看法。 2、论据翔实，富有确证性： 论文能够做到旁征博引，多方佐证，所用论据自己持何看法，有主证和旁证。论文中所用的材料应做到言必有据，准确可靠，精确无误。 3、论证严密，富有逻辑性： 作者提出问题、分析问题和解决问题，要符合客观事物的发展规律，全篇论文形成一个有机的整体，使判断与推理言之有序，天衣无缝。 4、体式明确，标注规范： 论文必须以论点的形成构成全文的结构格局，以多方论证的内容组成文章丰满的整体，以较深的理论分析辉映全篇。此外，论文的整体结构和标注要求规范得体。 5、语言准确、表达简明： 论文最基本的要求是读者能看懂。因此，要求文章想的清，说的明，想的深，说的透，做到深入浅出，言简意赅。 参考资料：
你要是找国淘论文写作，就不会出现这种问题了好不好？1．题名规范 题名应简明、具体、确切，能概括论文的特定内容，有助于选定关键词，符合编制题录、索引和检索的有关原则。2．命题方式3．撰写 英文题名的注意事项 ①英文题名以短语为主要形式，尤以名词短语最常见，即题名基本上由一个或几个名词加上其前置和（或）后置定语构成；短语型题名要确定好中心词，再进行前后修饰。各个词的顺序很重要，词序不当，会导致表达不准。②一般不要用陈述句，因为题名主要起标示作用，而陈述句容易使题名具有判断式的语义，且不够精炼和醒目。少数情况（评述性、综述性和驳斥性）下可以用疑问句做题名，因为疑问句有探讨性语气，易引起读者兴趣。③同一篇论文的英文题名与中文题名内容上应一致，但不等于说词语要一一对应。在许多情况下，个别非实质性的词可以省略或变动。④国外科技期刊一般对题名字数有所限制，有的规定题名不超过2行，每行不超过42个印刷符号和空格；有的要求题名不超过14个词。这些规定可供我们参考 。 ⑤在论文的英文题名中。凡可用可不用的冠词均不用。
可以写的 私信我
下面我们来说说英语专业的毕业论文怎么写：
英语专业能选择的方向包括翻译、教学、语言学、文学等主要几大类。从身边同学撰写的感受来看，翻译和文字方向比较好下手，相比之下，教学研究调查类论文则需要花大量时间收集资料，出问卷，访谈，做数据分析等等。这里主要谈一谈翻译类方向如何确定选题。首先，要确定自己的研究文本, 可以是一本书，一部电影，实地景点翻译研究等等……主要是选择自己感兴趣的研究对象，毕竟撰写论文是一个十分漫长且枯燥的过程,选一个喜欢的文本会是你想坚持下去的理由。其次就是选择一个比较合适但是又不要太常见的翻译理论，比如功能对等，目的论啥的，再结合文本中某一个比较细小的角度去研究。总之，翻译理论，文本，切入点三者必须有一两个比较创新，这样不容易撞题。
我去年自己去参加开题答辩的时候，同一个答辩场竟然有两位同学跟我理论和切入点一模一样! ! 不过幸好我的文本比较新，也花了很多心思，最后拿到了优秀论文嘻嘻。这里提醒大家，选题不要过于着急，而且在选题的过程中要反复去知网查证自己选的理论能否适用于自己的翻译文本研究，相关的研究多不多，早期多投入一些时间，后期开始撰写的时候几乎没有太大问题。
其实本科生的论文大多都是没什么内容的，因为都是在总结前人的研究成果，关键是你会不会用自己的话去阐述，从而避免知网查证不合格的想象发生。翻译方向的论文只有第四章是自己的内容，这一章节需要花大量时间寻找最合适的例子，将理论运用其中，达到你最终的目的。这里需要大家注意的是，千万不要出现低级的语法语言错误，这样你会被你的导师批斗死。不要指望导师给你该内容该语法，他只会给你基本的大方向和建议，论文的撰写完全要靠自己。
在学校查重之前，建议大家最好自己去查重一下。Paper系列里面建议使用PaperPP，相对准确一点。turnitin也是一个比较常见的英文论文查重系统，个人觉得偏高一点，价格在元/千字。除了这个，知网、维普、万方也是可以查重英文论文的，turnitin的查重率在百分之20，学校知网查重结果百分之7，如果大家查重费用比较充足，可以直接用知网，结果是最准确的。
论文答辩我觉得最重要的就是要熟悉自己的论文，熟悉到答辩老师一问你就知道是在论文的哪一章节，哪一位置，最好提前预设一下问题我还是比较幸运的，被问到的三个问题有导师之前就问过我的，有的是我准备到的。实在不懂的话，就直接道歉吧，俗话说的好，答辩答辩，只答不辨，疯狂道歉哈哈。
好了，今天就讲到这里了，希望今年的考研er都要加油呀!写论文也不可怕，合理安排好时间，你一定既能考上研也能拿到优秀论文，祝你好运!
参考资料：《英语专业的毕业论文怎么写？》