关键词:Title of Thesis:Name of Institute: Pages:Graduation Time:(MM/YY)Degree Conferred:Student Name: Advisor Name:Abstract:Key words:
那是因为你的单词在一行没有写完跳到第二行了，这个不影响的，如果你实在不想这样，就把你第一行的最后那个单词拆开写到第二行一部分，但记住要把用一个连接符号“-”，不然别人会以为你那是2个单词了哦，这个符号写在第一行最后单词的拆开处。
一、根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。（一）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。at first 最初 for one thing…（for another）at present 现在；当今 首先…（其次）…currently 目前；最后 recently 最近first（ly）第一 in general 一般说来in the beginning 起初 one the one hand…（on the other hand）to begin with 首先；第一 一方面…（另一方面）first of all 首先；第一 generally speaking 一般地说in the first place 首先；第一 on the whole 总起来说lately 最近 to start with 首先；第一presently 现在；此刻 now 现在（二）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地；当然地after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此；结果also/too 并且；又 for example 例如at the same time 同时 for instance 例如beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的Besides/what,s more 而且；此外 from now on 从此in addition 此外 second 第二；第二点in addition to… 除…之外 secondly 第二in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地in other words 换句话说 so 所以in particular 特别（地） soon 不久in the same way 同样地 still 仍然by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后indeed 的确 third 第三；第三点meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如obviously 明显地 later 后来of course当然 truly 事实上；真实地particularly特别地 unlike …不像……；和……不同what is more 而且；此外 （三）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地all the same 依然；照样 however 然而；无论如何anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管……；虽然……at the same time同时；然而 luckily 幸运地but 但是 by this time 此时though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地even though即使 otherwise 否则still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地in fact 事实上 unlike 不像……；和……不同as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍；然而；但是especially 特别地 （四）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说；整个看来at last 最后 therefore 因此by and large 一般说来 thus 因此briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之eventually 最后 surely 无疑finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑in short 简而言之 truly 的确in a word 总之 so 所以certainly 当然地；无疑地 obviously 显然all in all 总之 二、根据衔接词本身的意思和文章连接所需要的逻辑意义，可分为以下14类。（一）表示因果关系as a result He never studied hard, and as a result he failed in the last as a result of He is late for work as a result of traffic accordinglyHe wanted to buy a radio for study English, and accordingly her mother bought it for because（of）We are delayed because of a traffic due toHis success is due to his excellent wing to Owing to his absence, our meeting is not hanks toThanks to a good teacher, she passed the w thatNow that you have grown up, you must earn for so long as You could realize your dream so long as you try it again and sinceSince you are here now, you,d better give a in thatThe policy is harmful in that it may encourage people to give so thatThe office speaks at the top of his voice so that every soldier could hear hereforeThere is a calculating mistakes there, therefore, the answer is （二）表示解释关系as a matter of factI will go there this morning, as a matter of fact, I am only 10 minutes, drive from as well I will go My friend will go with me as frankly speakingFrankly speaking, I am not very satisfactory with your in this caseIn this case, I will go there as soon as （三）表示推理关系or elseHurry up, or else you,ll be herwiseYou must carry this passport, otherwise you will be stopped by the if soIf so, it will make a great （四）表示递进关系in additionI need your In addition, I also need her besidesFirst, we must work Besides, we must work with a creative and moreoverThe hat is the right size for you, and moreover, it goes well with your hat is to sayThe stock price is declining, that is to say, I am losing in other wordsI am not hungry, in other words, I really dislike the food in this qually importantYou should read more news from newspapers, and equally important, keep an eye on the news from the what,s moreIt is harmful to my health, and what,s more, it is no good to my last but not leastLast but bot least, my thanks should go to every member of my （五）表示比较关系equallyAs a teacher, I should teach well, but equally, I should study in the same wayIt is such a coincidence that we figure it out in the same in contrast to In contrast to your belief, I quite disagree with insteadIf you don’t go, I,ll go the contraryYou thought I like On the contrary, I dislike in contrastIt is hot in the daytime, but in contrast it,s very cold at whileWe are happy in China, while most Africans live
as far as I conceened
1、否定句许多否定句不含not的否定结构。如果论文作者能正确使用他们，就会增加写作的闪光点，使文章显得生动活泼。 Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught how to benefit from useful information on the 应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。 On no account (Under no circumstances)can we ignore the immense value of 我们绝不能忽视知识的巨大价值。 College students take part-time jobs not for more money but fora better understanding of 大学生参加兼职工作不是为了赚更多钱，而是为了更好地了解社会。 One’s salary does not depend so much on his educational background ason his ability and contribution to the 一个人的工资与其说取决于他的教育背景倒不如说取决于他的能力和对社会的贡献。2、非限制性定语从句如果需要对前述的整个句子内容进行解释或说明，就可以用到非限制性定语从句。 Undoubtedly, practical courses can be used to the reality,which is of vital importance to their development in the 毫无疑问，实用性课程可以用于实际中，这对于他们未来发展是非常重要的。 Children tend to imitate what they have seen and heard on mass media, which is sometimes dangerous and 孩子们倾向于模仿大众媒体上的所见所闻，这在有时是危险和有害的。 The majority of students believe that part-time jobs will provide them with more opportunities to develop their interpersonal skills, which may put them in a favorable position in the future job 大部分学生相信业余工作会使他们有更多机会发展人际交往能力, 这对他们未来找工作是非常有好处的。3、让步句让步句是写论文最常用的句式之一，作者务必掌握以下4种用法，可以使英文句子起伏跌宕，富于变化。 This view is widely acknowledged;however，there is little evidence that smoking is beneficial to people’s 这个观点被广泛认可，然而，几乎没有证据表明吸烟对人们健康有利。 Although(Whilst)the computer has been widely used in class, it cannot replace the role of 尽管计算机已经广泛用于课堂，但是它不能取代教师的作用。 Reasonable as the opinion sounds, it cannot bear much 虽然这个观点听起来有道理，但是它经不住分析。 In spite of a lot of conveniences that cars bring to people’s life, it can create a series of serious 尽管汽车给人们的生活带来了许多便利，但是也产生了一系列严重的问题。4、It引导的句子It引导的句子是写作中使用频率最高的句式。作者应熟练掌握其用法，并能灵活运用到文章的开篇、主体段和结尾段中。 It is hard to imagine what our life would look like without computers in modern 很难想象如果现代社会没有了计算机，我们的生活会变成什么样子。 It is conceivable that being physically active does good to 可想而知，积极参加体育活动有利于身体健康。 It is a highly controversial issue whether women should join the armed forces or 女性是否应该参军是一个非常有争议的问题。 It is universally acknowledged that water and air are indispensable to human 人们普遍认为，水和空气对人类不可缺少。5、假设句假设句可分为真实假设句和非真实假设句两种。常用在主体段落表示正、反论证。 If we destroy old buildings, then we will ruin the traditional culture and 如果我们推倒老房子，就要破坏传统的文化和遗产。 You would miss the chance to interact with other students if you used internet at 假如你在家上网，你就会失去与其他同学交流的机会。 Once you change your present job, you will be faced with the danger of being 一旦你变换了现在的工作，就面临着失业的危险。6、倒装句在写作中恰当和准确地使用倒装句，有助于句子表达形式的多样化，使语言更加生动有力。 Only in this way can the problem be tackled 只有这样才能妥善地解决这个问题。 Only when children take arduous efforts can they become 只有当孩子们付出艰苦的努力他们才能获得成功。 Not only does studying in school serve academic purpose, but students learn how to handle interpersonal 在校学习不仅为了学术目的，而且还可以学会如何处理人际关系。 Under no circumstances should youngsters follow negative information on mass media 青少年决不应当盲从大众媒体上的不良信息。7、强调句写作时为了突出句子的某一成分，常常使用强调句。 It is for the benefit of maintaining the ecological balance that human beings ought to protect the endangered animal 正是为了维持生态平衡，人类才应该保护地球上濒危的动物物种。 It is not until people suffer from some fatal diseases such as SARS and AIDS that they are becoming aware of how significant it is for the government to invest more money in medical 直到人们患了像非典和爱滋病这样致命的疾病时，才意识到政府把更多的钱投入到医疗上的重要性。 Nothing in the world is more valuable than 世界上没有比健康更重要的了。8、比较句正确地使用比较结构可以使文章的句式增加变化，有利于提高写作成绩。 Studies show that juvenile delinquency rates are twice as high for youngsters from single-parent families as for those in traditional (同级比较)研究表明来自单亲家庭的青少年犯罪率是来自传统家庭的两倍。 Generally speaking, people in modern times enjoy less leisure time than they did (比较级)一般说来，现代人比过去享有更少的休闲时间。 Compared with those with different abilities, children with intelligence do more well in their school work and intelligence 与不同能力的孩子相比，聪明的孩子在学业和智力测验方面表现更加突出。 Contrary to pop stars, other professionals like doctors and teachers create the true value for their 与明星不同，其他专业人员如医生和教师为社会创造了真正的价值。 Air is to human what (as)water is to 空气对人类就如同水对鱼一样。9、插入语插入语是对一句话做一些附加说明或解释。最常见的位置于句中,一般用逗号或破折号与句子隔开。用得恰当，不仅可以增加字数，而且使文章更显地道和精彩。 Computers,most important of all,create wide communication around the 最重要的是，计算机在世界范围内建立了广泛的交流。 Providing more parking areas,in the long run, has proved to be a practical way out in many large cities in the 从长远的利益来看，提供更多的停车位证明是许多世界大城市切实可行的出路。 Observing local culture,consciously and unconsciously,can reduce the chance of offending the locals, or it will lead to the embarrassment and even 无论是否意识到，遵循当地的文化可以减少冒犯当地人的机会，否则，就会导致尴尬甚至冲突。 Space exploration, some people believe,will bring some unexpected 有人相信空间探索将会带来意想不到的发现。10、原因句几乎所有的写作试题都要求写原因或者可以写原因。议论文的讲道理实际就是说明原因。因此，掌握好表达原因的结构是十分重要的。 Violent films can do harm to young people,because they contains numerous negative 暴力影片对年轻人是有害的，因为其中包含大量负面信息。 Human beings are chiefly responsible for wild animal 野生动物灭绝的主要责任在人类。 We should attribute(ascribe)medical advances to the animals which do substantial contributions to the 我们应该把医学的发展归因于动物对实验做出的巨大贡献。 Because of overpopulation, water shortage has become one of the most serious 由于人口过剩，水短缺已经成为一个最严重的问题。
1、论文题目：要求准确、简练、醒目、新颖。 2、目录：目录是论文中主要段落的简表。（短篇论文不必列目录） 3、提要：是文章主要内容的摘录，要求短、精、完整。字数少可几十字，多不超过三百字为宜。 4、关键词或主题词：关键词是从论文的题名、提要和正文中选取出来的，是对表述论文的中心内容有实质意义的词汇。关键词是用作机系统标引论文内容特征的词语，便于信息系统汇集，以供读者检索。 每篇论文一般选取3-8个词汇作为关键词，另起一行，排在“提要”的左下方。 主题词是经过规范化的词，在确定主题词时，要对论文进行主题，依照标引和组配规则转换成主题词表中的规范词语。 5、论文正文： （1）引言：引言又称前言、序言和导言，用在论文的开头。 引言一般要概括地写出作者意图，说明选题的目的和意义, 并指出论文写作的范围。引言要短小精悍、紧扣主题。 〈2）论文正文：正文是论文的主体，正文应包括论点、论据、 论证过程和结论。主体部分包括以下内容： 提出-论点； 分析问题-论据和论证； 解决问题-论证与步骤； 结论。 6、一篇论文的参考文献是将论文在和写作中可参考或引证的主要文献资料，列于论文的末尾。参考文献应另起一页，标注方式按《GB7714-87文后参考文献著录规则》进行。 中文：标题--作者--出版物信息（版地、版者、版期）：作者--标题--出版物信息 所列参考文献的要求是： （1）所列参考文献应是正式出版物，以便读者考证。 （2）所列举的参考文献要标明序号、著作或文章的标题、作者、出版物信息。
把先发生的事情写在后面。先把结局说出来，吸引读者了解其起因和过程，如《背影》；插叙，指在记叙过程中，需要插入另一些有关的情节，再接着叙述后来的事情，如《驿路梨花》。
在科学文章写作中，简明扼要是非常重要的。我们整理了一些学术文章的常用句子结构，帮您更轻松地起草论文。论文的摘要定义了研究的范围和目的，并简要描述了结果和结论。引言部分则对研究进行总体介绍，定义研究问题，确定可能存在的差距和矛盾之处，并明确指出研究目的和目标。此外，材料和方法部分提供了有关实验设置，数据收集方法和所用统计测试的详细信息。结果和讨论部分描述了重要的发现，并将其与以前的研究进行比较。论文最后则对全文进行了总结，并对进一步的研究进行展望。以下是一些有用的短语列表，帮您撰写引人入胜的引言： This study/investigate/paper aims to… Prior research investigations/surveys discuss/present/highlight… Several studies suggest In the course of the experiment, xyz played an important These methods were based on previously reported After a series of investigations, it was found Preliminary studies highlight the fact that… An xyz test was used to determine the significance of the Data suggested a significant increase Statistical analysis was performed using xyz The key findings that emerge from the study This image/graph/table suggests A further novel finding from this study The results obtained in this investigation demonstrate three There was a significant increase Similar findings were reported by Because of these potential There are several limitations to the This is particularly important when investigating the From the above findings, the authors conclude that…
文献综述是对某一方面的专题搜集大量情报资料后经综合分析而写成的一种学术论文， 它是科学文献的一种。 格式与写法 文献综述的格式与一般研究性论文的格式有所不同。这是因为研究性的论文注重研究的方法和结果，特别是阳性结果，而文献综述要求向读者介绍与主题有关的详细资料、动态、进展、展望以及对以上方面的评述。因此文献综述的格式相对多样，但总的来说，一般都包含以下四部分：即前言、主题、总结和参考文献。撰写文献综述时可按这四部分拟写提纲，在根据提纲进行撰写工。 前言部分，主要是说明写作的目的，介绍有关的概念及定义以及综述的范围，扼要说明有关主题的现状或争论焦点，使读者对全文要叙述的问题有一个初步的轮廓。 主题部分，是综述的主体，其写法多样，没有固定的格式。可按年代顺序综述，也可按不同的问题进行综述，还可按不同的观点进行比较综述，不管用那一种格式综述，都要将所搜集到的文献资料归纳、整理及分析比较，阐明有关主题的历史背景、现状和发展方向，以及对这些问题的评述，主题部分应特别注意代表性强、具有科学性和创造性的文献引用和评述。 总结部分，与研究性论文的小结有些类似，将全文主题进行扼要总结，对所综述的主题有研究的作者，最好能提出自己的见解。 参考文献虽然放在文末，但却是文献综述的重要组成部分。因为它不仅表示对被引用文献作者的尊重及引用文献的依据，而且为读者深入探讨有关问题提供了文献查找线索。因此，应认真对待。参考文献的编排应条目清楚，查找方便，内容准确无误。关于参考文献的使用方法，录著项目及格式与研究论文相同，不再重复。
Jack of all trades and master of
summary of the literatures文献综述
先写中文的，翻译成英文
关于……人们有不同的观点。一些人认为……therearedifferentopinionsamongpeopleasto____somepeoplesuggestthat____俗话说（常言道）……，它是我们前辈的经历，但是，即使在今天，它在许多场合仍然适用。thereisanoldsaying______it’stheexperienceofourforefathers，however，现在，……，它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更为糟糕的是……。today,____,first,____second,____whatmakesthingsworseisthat______现在，……很普遍，许多人喜欢……，因为……，另外（而且）……。nowadays,itiscommonto______anypeoplelike______because______besides，______任何事物都是有两面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。everythinghastwosidesand______isnotanexception，关于……人们的观点各不相同，一些人认为（说）……，在他们看来，……people'sopinionsabout______somepeoplesaythat______hem,_____人类正面临着一个严重的问题……，这个问题变得越来越严重。manisnowfacingabigproblem______……已成为人的关注的热门话题，特别是在年青人当中，将引发激烈的辩论。______hasbecomeahottopicamongpeople，……在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用，它给我们带来了许多好处，但同时也引发一些严重的问题。______hasbeenplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourday-to-根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出……。很显然……，但是为什么呢？accordingtothefigure/number/statistics/percentagesinthe/chart/bargraph/line/graph，itcanbeseenthat______bviously,______,butwhy?
定语从句，宾语从句。应该就可以了哈。要注意通篇时态要一致。否则会被扣得很惨。
英语作文常用的是开头语：Hello,everyone!要想表达步骤的话，可以用first、next、then、finaly来表示。用来表示过渡的话可以用连词来表示：but、notonly…butalso、either…nor等。用来总结的句子可以是：LI
自己写吧！