手译，保证质量.有几点要说明:1.人名都没有译,因为如果要译的话,只能音译,难以统一.2.对于专业词汇,一定要核对.保证大概意思无误,但是细微之处请核对.3.因为在这儿看不出字体(如斜体),所以只能按照我对英文文献的了解和理解来译,估计不会出什么大错,但还是请仔细核对.4.关于中文注释和英文注释的格式,请参考以下网页:有非常详细的说明.5.30分太少,50分也太少,译这个东西太费劲.6.Good luck.=========================================参考资料[1]W.C. Cohen, E.F. Johnston,《双管式热转换器的动力学特点》，《工业工程化学》第48期/卷（1956年）1031—1034页[2] A. Meaburn, F.M. Hughes,《分布式太阳能收集磁场的谐振特性》，《太阳能》51期第3卷（1993年）215——221页[3] V.P. Paruchuri, R.R. Rhinehart, 《热转换器非线性控制模型的实验解析》，载《美国控制会议汇刊》，巴尔的摩-马里兰，1994年，3533——3537页[4] M.H.R. Fazlur Rahman, R. Devanathan, 《热转换器的反馈线性化》，载《第33届控制与决策会议汇刊》，布埃纳维斯塔湖-佛罗里达，1994年，2936-2937页[5] L. Xia, J.A.D. Abreu-Garcı´a, T.T. Hartley, 《热转换器的建模与模拟》，载《电气和电子工程师协会（IEEE）国际系统工程会议汇刊》，俄亥俄，1991年，453–456页[6] L. Ljung, 《系统辨识》，第二版，用户理论系列丛书，Prentice Hall 出版社，新泽西,1999年[7] D.R. Coughanowr, 《工艺系统分析与控制》，第二版，化学工程丛书，McGraw Hill出版，1991年[8] A. Meaburn, F.M. Hughes, 《分布式太阳能收集磁场谐振抵消（对消）的定期调整性控制策略》，《太阳能》52期（第二卷），1994年，155-166页[9] A. Meaburn, F.M. Hughes,《应用于大型抛物出口收集器阵列的简易预测控制器》，《太阳能》56期（6卷），（1996年），583–595页 [10] L. Cuiyan, Z. Dongchun, Z. Xianyi, 《重复控制的理论与应用》，载《SICE札幌年会汇刊》，2004年，27–34页
你的毕业论文是什么课题？
分给我吧，亲爱的。
第17 卷第4 期 皮 革 科 学 与 工 程 Vol117 ,No142007 年8 月L EATHER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Aug1 2007Artical ID :1004 - 7964 (2007) 04 - 0003 - 06Received Date :20072052213 P. Mokrejs :Corresponding author. Phone N°: + 420 57 603 1230 ;Fax N°: + 420 57 603 1563 ;e2mail :mokrejs @f t . utb. c2Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning LiquorsP. Mok rejs1 3, D. J anacova2 ,M. Mladek1 , K. Kolomaz nik2 , F. L angmaier1 ,V . V asek2(1. Tomas B ata University , Faculty of Technology , Department of Protein and Leather , nam.TGM 275 , 762 72 Zlin, The Czech Republic ;2. Tomas B ata University , Faculty ofA p plied Inf ormatics , Institute of Processing Cont rol and A p plied Computer Science ,N ad S t ranemi 4511 , 760 05 Zlin, The Czech Republic)Abstract :Tannery belongs to typical indust rial branches which during t he technological processp roduce considerable quantities of liquid and solid wastes cont ributing to polluting t he environ2ment . The presented work describes dechromation of waste tanning liquor utilising chrome sludgep roduced t hrough enzymatic hydrolysis of chrome2tanned leat her wastes. The principle of dechro2mation consist s in sorption of chrome f rom waste liquor af ter tanning to chrome sludge. Recy2cling technology is characterised by an almost 99 % efficiency , simplicity and low investment re2quirement s.Key words :solid waste ;liquid waste ;chrome sludge ;waste tanning liquor ;chrome recoveryCLC number :X 794 Document code :A鞣制废液的循环技术摘 要:制革属于典型的工业分支,制革工业中会产生大量的污染环境的废液和废固。该论文利用铬鞣革废物的酶法水解用铬污泥除去鞣制废液中的铬。除去铬的原理是鞣后的铬污泥从废液中吸收铬。该循环技术回收率可达99 % ,操作简单、成本低廉。关键词:固体废弃物;液体废弃物;铬污泥;鞣制废液;铬回收1 INTRODUCTIONThe tanning indust ry p rocesses wastes of themeat indust ry , raw hides , and t ransforms t hemt hrough chemical , chemico2p hysical and mechani2cal processes into leather s. During t he technologi2cal process , solid and liquid wastes arise which ,particularly as a consequence of t he cont rover sialchrome t hey contain , burden the environment .Processing one met ric ton of raw hide produces ap2prox. 200 kg finished leat her . About 30 , 000 kgwastewaters arise through processing and moret han 70 % chrome passes into liquid and solidwastes [1 ] .In classic tanning , approx. 40 % chrome (t hestarting charge of 15 - 17 kg Cr / t ) remains inleat her , 26 % - 30 % chrome passes into solidwastes and 30 % - 34 % chrome remains in liquidwastes. In t he tanning of hides using technologicalprocedures ensuring high removal of chrome com2pounds by white hide , 54 % - 57 % chrome remains© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. leat her , 31 % - 38 % chrome passes into solidwastes and 5 % - 15 % remains in liquid wastes [2 ] .For modifying t he tanning process , organic acids ,e. g. are used , which cont ribute to improving theremoval of chrome ions.1. 1 Liquid wasteManufacture of chrome2tanned leat hers pro2duces 115 - 2 times quantities of wastewater s t hanmanufact ure of vegetable2tanned leat her s [3 ] . Los2ses of chrome compounds in waste tanning liquor smay be prevented in several ways. The simplestapproach is the direct recycling method consistingin re2using exhausted liquor in t he tanning process.The main shortcoming of t his method is a negativeeffect of salt s and other contaminating substanceson quality of finished leather . Af ter being recycledseveral times , wastewater has to be discharged intosewage [4 ] . Anot her potential met hod is indirectrecycling , in which chrome is obtained f rom ex2hausted sludge t hrough precipitation using a suit2able alkaline agent , e. g. sodium hydroxide , sodi2um carbonate , sodium hydrogen carbonate , mag2nesium oxide , calcium sulp hate , calcium hydroxide[5 ] . A f urt her met hod consist s in employing elabo2rate techniques , e. g. elect ro2dialysis , membraneseparation , ion exchangers , wit h which chromemay be separated f rom ot her salt s contained in ex2hausted sludge. Chrome thus obtained is character2ised by much higher p urity than that obtainedt hrough indirect recycling. Disadvantages are ahigh cost and limited po ssibilities of applying t hesedemanding technologies in tanning factories [ 4 ] .Unutilised chrome in liquid wastes , apartf rom significant economic losses for tanneries , al soposes great hazard for t he environment and forman. The most stable and most important oxida2tion state is Cr ( III) . Compounds of Cr (VI) occurin t he form of chromates and dichromates and ex2hibit quite st rong oxidative properties [6 ] .Chrome is found in liquid tanning wastes in it st rivalent form , there exist s , however , potentialdanger of it s oxidising to hexavalent compounds ,particularly when t reating groundwater s to drink2ing waters. Hexavalent compounds , when com2bined wit h calcium or magnesium ions , are st rong2ly carcinogenic[7 , 8 ] .An extensive research exploring negativeeffect s of tanning wastewaters f rom local tannerieson t he adjacent ecosystem was conducted in Indi2a[9 ] . Highest level s of chrome contained in soilwere found in t he vicinity of tanneries , at approx.60 g/ kg. Highest chrome accumulation was ob2served in cauliflower stalks (72 mg/ kg) in locali2ties near tanneries. In st udies investigating Cr ac2cumulation in fish organs it was found t hat mostchrome accumulates in t he liver (approx. 22 mg/kg) and least in muscles (approx. 1 mg/ kg) . Thepo ssible t ransfer of hazardous Cr doses into t hefood chain and consequently to human beings ist hus quite obvious.112 Sol id wasteTannery processing al so produces a considera2ble quantity of solid chrome2tanned wastes whichpresent a significant problem due to t heir chromecontent . The problem of solid wastes has beensolved so far by land filling which , of course , be2side ever increasing land filling co st s al so bringst he danger of chrome escaping into t he ecosystem.Due to t heir containing a sizeable proportion ofprotein material , solid tanned wastes started to beprocessed. Enzymatic hydrolysis has being em2ployed to considerable extent in latest year s , wit hit s particular advantages being mild reaction condi2tions and economic cost2effectiveness [10 , 11 ] . Themain product of enzymatic hydrolysis is collagenhydrolysate , whose application possibilities arebroad , e. g. as feed additive , nit rogenous fertili2ser , raw material for preparing adhesives , corro2sion inhibitor s , etc. The remaining waste productaf ter enzymatic hydrolysis (chrome sludge) has notyet found lucrative application. It s employment ,due to chrome content , has not been much adoptedfor preparing combined tanning bat hs.Subject of the presented work is potential use4 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. t he waste product af ter enzymatic hydrolysis ofchrome2tanned solid wastes (chrome sludge) for i2solating chrome compounds f rom waste tanningliquor s.2 MATERIALS AND METHODSSolid was determined according to ISO 4684[12 ] , ash according to ISO 4047 : 1998[13 ] , nit rogenaccording to ISO 5397 : 1984 [14 ] , Cr2 O3 accordingto ISO 5398 [ 15 ] , Cr according to ISO 9174 : 1998[16 ] and Mg according to ASTM D511203 [ 17 ] .Chrome sludge is a waste product of enzymatichydrolysis of chrome2tanned solid waste and it scomposition is given in Tab. 1. Typical composi2tion of chrome2tanned solid waste is given in Tab.2.Tab11 Composition of chrome sludge1)表1 铬污泥成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 1614Ash/ % 3410N / % 114Cr2O3 / % 1215MgO / % 1115 1) based on total solidsTab12 Composition of chrome2tanned solid waste1)表2 铬鞣革固体废弃物成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 6911Ash/ % 1019N/ % 2011Cr2O3 / % 415 1) based on total solidsTab13 Composition of waste tanning liquor表3 鞣制废液成份Parameter ValueTS/ % 718Ash/ %1) 8713N/ %1) 018Cr/ (mg/ kg) 1 ,769Mg/ (mg/ kg) 693p H 412colour blue2green 1) based on total solidsWaste tanning liquor was obtained f rom tan2ning of cowhides and it s composition is presentedin Tab. 3.The experimental part was divided into twopart s. The fir st part contained five selected massratio s of chrome sludge ∶ waste liquor and threevarious dechromation times , see Table 4. Practicaldechromation was performed under laboratory con2ditions by stirring chrome sludge with waste tan2ning liquor at room temperat ure in accordance wit ht he scheme shown in Fig. 1. Af ter dechromation ,t he heterogeneous mixt ure was cent rif uged. A partof supernatant was analysed for Cr content . Theinvestigated object in view was quantity of residualchrome in waste tanning liquor af ter dechromation.The second part of test s followed up result s ofwaste liquor dechromation efficiency in t he first ex2perimental part . The mass ratio of chrome sludge∶waste liquor producing greatest dechromation ef2ficiency was selected and a series of test s per2formed to t he p urpo se of st udying dechromation re2action kinetics.Fig1 1 Scheme of dechromation of waste tanning liquor图1 鞣制废液的脱铬流程3 RESULTSTest s and dechromation result s at variousmass ratios of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor and va2rious dechromation times are shown in Tab14.Tab15 t hen shows dechromation result s at mass ra2tio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1 ∶1 and va2rious dechromation times. Each test was performedt hreefold and arit hmetic mean calculated , standarddeviation ranged wit hin ±5 %.第4 期 P. Mokrejs ,et al :Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning Liquors 5© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. Dechromation results of waste tanning liquor at mass ratios of Cr sludge/ waste liq. and dechromation times表4 铬污泥与废液不同质量比以及不同脱铬时间条件下鞣制废液的脱铬结果TestNo.Batch( g)sludge :liquort/ minIn2processpHCr liq. /( mg/ kg)Eff iciency/ %1 7114 ∶50 30 6134 - 7108 807 54142 90 190 89123 180 116 93154 20183 ∶50 30 6195 - 7148 146 91175 90 58 96176 180 33 98117 35171 ∶50 30 7121 - 7168 53 97108 90 33 98119 180 36 981010 50 ∶50 30 7130 - 7190 24 981711 90 23 981712 180 17 991013 70 ∶50 30 7148 - 8102 41 971714 90 32 981215 180 79 9516 1) Starting content of chrome in waste tanning liquor = 1769 mg/ kgTab1 5 Dechromation results of waste tanning liquor andtimes1)表5 铬污泥与废液质量比为1 ∶1 不同脱铬时间条件下鞣制废液的脱铬结果TestNo.t/ minIn processpHCr liq./ ( mg/ kg)Eff iciency/ %1 4 7120 - 7133 438 75122 8 7127 - 7145 351 80123 12 7151 - 7189 299 83114 16 7176 - 7194 230 87105 20 7180 - 7191 206 88146 24 7181 - 7194 200 88177 28 7181 - 7196 139 92118 32 7182 - 7199 43 97169 36 7188 - 8103 32 981210 40 7190 - 8104 19 981911 60 7186 - 8106 28 981412 80 7187 - 8107 22 981813 100 7180 - 8111 35 9810 1) Starting content of chrome in waste tanning liquor =1769 mg/ kg ;mass ratio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1∶1Figure 2 shows column plot s representing re2sidual chrome content in waste tanning liquor af tert he dechromation procedure at various chromesludge ∶waste liquor ratios and various dechroma2tion times. With a mass ratio of 1 ∶7 af ter 30 mindechromation , a drop of chrome in liquor exceeding50 % was found , af ter 180 min the dechromationefficiency was greatest . Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶214 ,t he tendency of chrome content in liquor to de2crease wit h time was at it s greatest , residualchrome content in liquor coming down to 3314 ppmwhich represent s dechromation efficiency exceeding98 %. Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶114 t he tendency ofchrome decrease is similar , when t he greatest dropof chrome content in liquor was already recordedaf ter 90 min of dechromation ( to 3312 mg/ kg) .Wit h a ratio of 1 ∶1 , lowest level s of residualchrome in liquor were already at tained in 30 min ofdechromation app rox. 24 mg/ kg , representing al2most 99 % dechromation efficiency. A f urt her in2crease in dechromation times produced but negli2gibly decreased chrome content in liquor . Wit h aratio of 114 ∶1 , t he greatest drop of chrome con2tent in liquor was recorded af ter 90 min dechroma2tion. Fig13 shows dechromation kinetics of wastetanning liquor at mass ratio of chrome sludge ∶waste liquor = 1 ∶1 and various dechromationtimes. From result s it is obvious t hat af ter 40 min6 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. chrome content in waste tanning liq2uor decreased to approx. 20 mg/ kg , which com2pared wit h starting content of chrome in waste tan2ning liquor ( 1769 mg/ kg) signifies almost 99 %chrome removal efficiency. Further increases indechromation time did not show in markedly in2creased chrome removal efficiency , and values ofresidual chrome content in slurry fluct uated be2tween 20 and 35 mg/ kg.4 DISCUSSIONDuring past decades , a t ransfer occurred of anotable part of tanning plant s f rom economicallyadvanced west European count ries to developingcount ries and to count ries of t he Asian continent .In latest year s , however , t he environmental loadproduced by t hese plant s became unsustainable andintensive negotiations on resolving t he mat ter gotunder way. When rest ructuring existing and con2st ructing new tanning plant s , issues coming partic2ularly under consideration are solid and liquidwastes containing chrome. Contamination ofgroundwater s wit h liquid wastes containing chromeis obvious. Release of chrome f rom solid wastes第4 期 P. Mokrejs ,et al :Recycling Technology for Waste Tanning Liquors 7© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved. proceed particularly t hrough elution by rainwith great hazard of groundwater contamination.The danger of Cr ( III) oxidising to Cr (VI) was al2ready mentioned in t he fir st part of this cont ribu2tion.Test result s showed t he solid waste product ,chrome sludge , may be successf ully employed to i2solate chrome f rom waste tanning liquors , and t hatwith an efficiency of app rox. 99 %. The advanta2ges of recycling technology may primarily comprisesimplicity and low demand for investment cost s ,which make it ideally applicable when recyclingwaste tanning liquor s especially in tanning plant sin t he developing world.Utilisation of chrome2enriched sludge remainsan open issue. A feasible alternative is it s combus2tion and separation of chrome , which may be used ,e. g. in pigment manufacture. A particular compli2cation is presented by accompanying magnesium ,which is undesirable for t hese applications. Isola2ting magnesium f rom chrome sludge will be subjectof a following research. Employment of chrome2enriched sludge for p reparing f resh tanning bathsal so remains an open issue.5 CONCLUSIONRecycling technology developed for removingchrome f rom waste tanning liquors wit h applicationof waste chrome sludge achieves almost 99 % effi2ciency. Dechromed waste liquor represent s a mini2mal load on t he environment . Chrome2enrichedsludge , following isolation of ot her accompanyingelement s (especially magnesium and calcium) com2plicating it s f urther processing , could serve to pre2pare pigment s. Result s of experimental measure2ment s and an elaborated mat hematical model of re2cycling technology will serve to propose an algo2rit hm of enclosed dechromation cycle cont rol whichwill be t he subject of pilot2plant test s.Acknowledgements : The aut hors would like tot hank to The Minist ry of Education of The CzechRep ublic for financial support to t his work execu2ted under MSM Grant No : 7088352102.References :[1 ] Process technology for recovery and recycling of chromi2um f rom leather waste and sludge , BLC , EV5VO542(1994 1996) .[2 ] Ludvik J . Chrome balance in leather processing [ J ] .UNIDO , US/ RAS/ 92/ 120/ 11 - 51 (2000) .[3 ] Mladek M ,et al . Leather indust ry waste t reatment [M] .State Technical Literature Publishing , Prague ( 1971) :261 - 265.[4 ] Rajamani S. A system for recovery and reuse of chromi2um f rom spent tanning liquor using magnesium oxide andsulphuric acid[J ] . UNIDO (2003) .[ 5 ] Covington A D , Sykes R L , Barlow J R , et al. A practi2cal chrome recovery system using magnesium oxide[J ] . JSoc Leather Technol Chem ,1985 , (69) :166 - 174.[6 ]Cotton F , Wilkinson G. Advanced Inorganic Chemist ry( A Comprehensive Text ) [ M ] . Academia , Prague(1973) . 788 - 803.[7 ] Hartford W H. Proceedings Chromium Symposium [J ] .Indust rial Health , Foundation , Pitt sburg (1989) .[8 ]Vijayalakshm R . A Study of the interaction of Cr ( III)complexes and their selective binding with B2DNA. Amolecular modelling approach[J ] . J Biom St ruc Dynam ,2002 (19) :1063 - 1072.[9 ] Chattopadhyay B. The environmental impact of wastechromium of tannery agglomerates in the east Calcuttawetland ecosystem[J ] . J Soc Leather Technol Chem ,2000(84) :94 - 100.[ 10 ] Cabeza L F. Isolation of protein product s f rom chromi2um2containing leather waste using two consecutive en2zymes and purification of final chromium product : Pilotplant studies [ J ] . J Soc Leather Technol Chem , 1999(83) :14 - 19.[11 ] Langmaier F. Product s of enzymatic decomposition ofchrome2tanned leather waste [J ] . J Soc Leather TechnolChem , 1999 (83) :187 - 195.[12 ] ISO 4684 , Determination of volatile matter.[ 13 ] ISO 4047 : 1998 , Determination of sulphated total ashand sulphated water insoluble ash.[14 ] ISO 5397 : 1984 , Determination of nit rogen and hidesubstance.[15 ] ISO 5398 , Determination of chromic oxide.[16 ] ISO 9174 :1998 , Water quality 2 Determination of chro2mium 2 Atomic absorption spect romet ric methods.[17 ]ASTM D511 - 03 , Standard test methods for calciumand magnesium in water.8 皮革科学与工程 第17 卷© 1994-2008 China Academic Journal Electronic Publishing House. All rights reserved.
“毕业论文”的英文：Graduation Dissertation
Dissertation 读法 英 [,dɪsə'teɪʃ(ə)n] 美 ['dɪsɚ'teʃən]
n. 论文，专题；学术演讲
短语：
1、academic dissertation 学位论文 ; 学术论文
2、Graduation Dissertation 毕业论文
3、Doctorate dissertation 博士论文
4、Dissertation Committee 论文委员会
5、dissertation topics 毕业论文题目
词义辨析：
article, paper,dissertation, essay, prose, thesis这组词都有“文章”的意思，其区别是：
1、article 多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章，包括新闻报导、学术论文等。
2、paper 正式用词，多指在学术刊物上发表或在学术会议上宣读的专题论文，也指高等学校的学期论文，或学校里的作文练习。
3、dissertation 书面语用词，指独立研究后所写的较为详细的专题文章；也可指学位论文。
4、essay 指任何一种非小说性的，篇幅不长、结构简练的文章，如论说文、报道、评论、讽刺性杂文等。
5、prose 专指散文。
6、thesis 既可指毕业论文、学位论文，又可指一般的为阐述学术观点而写的论文。
例句：
1、Exploring "Trinity Working Mode" of Integrating Graduation Field Work, Graduation Dissertation and Employment on Graduation.
毕业实习、毕业论文与学生就业三位一体工作模式探索。
2、On Problems in Writing Graduation Dissertation
关于撰写毕业论文应该注意的问题。
“毕业论文”用英文是dissertation dissertation[ˌdɪsəˈteɪʃn]n. 专题论文，学位论文；学术演讲 毕业论文； 博士论文； 论文； 学位论文 例句：1.He was involved in writing his doctoral dissertation. 他在聚精会神地写他的博士论文.2. I have not yet footnoted my dissertation. 我还没有给我的论文加上脚注.3. I'm working my notes up into a dissertation. 我正在把我的笔记修改成论文.
专业英语翻译本来就贵 还4万字 几千块钱的活儿不会有人给你免费做的 劝你真急的话赶紧花钱找专业人士给你翻
外文翻译要求：（1）选定外文文献后先给指导老师看，得到老师的确认通过后方可翻译。（2）选择外文翻译时一定选择外国作者写的文章，可从学校中知网或者外文数据库下载。（3）外文翻译字数要求3000字以上，从外文文章起始处开始翻译，不允许从文章中间部分开始翻译，翻译必须结束于文章的一个大段落。
工程造价project cost; cost of works; cost of the execution of works
工程造价论文参考文献一：[1] 赵彬，孙会锋. 云计算在工程造价信息管理中的应用[J]. 建筑经济. 2013(11)[2] 董屹，王昆鹏. 云存储在数字图书馆中的应用[J]. 电脑知识与技术. 2013(09)[3] 王妍妍，唐招金. 信息时代的工程造价管理与特征分析[J]. 城市建筑. 2012(17)[4] 唐国纯，罗自强. 云计算体系结构中的多层次研究[J]. 铁路计算机应用. 2012(11)[5] 罗雪琼，陈国忠，饶从志，徐静，森干，周毅. 论云计算及其在医疗卫生信息化中的应用[J]. 现代医院. 2012(11)[6] 孙瑞丰. 论云计算及其体系结构[J]. 企业家天地. 2012(10)[7] 李凌霞. 云计算的体系结构域关键技术[J]. 微计算机信息. 2012(10)[8] 何清华，潘海涛，李永奎，钱丽丽. 基于云计算的BIM实施框架研究[J]. 建筑经济. 2012(05)[9] 顾宏久. 浅谈虚拟化与云计算的关系[J]. 科学咨询(科技·管理). 2011(08)[10] 房秉毅，张云勇，程莹，徐雷. 云计算国内外发展现状分析[J]. 电信科学. 2010(S1)[11] 孙长军，陈江潮. 加快工程造价信息化建设[J]. 经营与管理. 2010(04)[12] 俞华锋. 基于云计算的物流信息平台的构建[J]. 科技信息. 2010(01)[13] 吴吉义，平玲娣，潘雪增，李卓. 云计算：从概念到平台[J]. 电信科学. 2009(12)[14] 石屹嵘，段勇. 云计算在电信IT领域的应用探讨[J]. 电信科学. 2009(09)[15] 李永先，栾旭伦，李森森. 云计算技术在图书馆中的应用探讨[J]. 江西图书馆学刊. 2009(01)[16] 邵瑞，张建高. 工程造价信息化管理发展的问题及趋势探究[J]. 山西建筑. 2009(05)[17] 吴学伟，任宏，竹隰生. 英国与香港的工程造价信息管理[J]. 建筑经济. 2007(02)[18] 应飞虎. 信息如何影响法律--对法律基于信息视角的阐释[J]. 法学. 2002(06)[19] 赵志敏. 工程造价咨询公司内部治理研究[D]. 北京建筑大学 2014[20] 刘畅. 基于BIM的建设工程全过程造价管理研究[D]. 重庆大学 2014[21] 李郁楠. 建设项目工程造价控制的研究[D]. 大连海事大学 2014[22] 李菲. BIM技术在工程造价管理中的应用研究[D]. 青岛理工大学 2014[23] 陈凤. 算量软件在建筑工程量计算中的应用与分析[D]. 河北工程大学 2013[24] 杨立杰. 基于模块化的住宅工程造价指标体系研究[D]. 北京交通大学 2014[25] 褚彦秋. 工程造价管理信息系统的设计与实现[D]. 厦门大学 2014[26] 夏涛. 建设项目招投标阶段和施工阶段工程造价控制研究[D]. 山东大学 2014[27] 卢立明. 工程造价管理中信息的应用研究[D]. 天津大学 2009工程造价论文参考文献二：[1] 周怀少. 试论施工企业工程造价风险的防范[J]. 科技资讯. 2012(03)[2] 王岩莉，赵春花. 工程造价的风险管理因素分析[J]. 科技致富向导. 2010(30)[3] 朱小旺. 土建工程项目造价风险模糊评估模型研究[J]. 铁道科学与工程学报. 2010(03)[4] 饶虹. 业主在工程量清单计价下的工程造价风险控制[J]. 市政技术. 2010(03)[5] 仇一颗，仇劲松. 基于灰色层次法的公路工程造价风险评价[J]. 公路工程. 2009(04)[6] 雷碧涛，杨建，刘君健. 基于模糊评估模型的公路工程造价风险研究[J]. 长沙铁道学院学报(社会科学版). 2007(04)[7] 李高扬，刘明广，吴育华. 工程项目风险预测模型[J]. 统计与决策. 2006(22)[8] 刘静. 综合单价风险量化研究[J]. 四川建筑科学研究. 2006(04)[9] 陈长宏. 试析施工企业工程造价风险及对策[J]. 中国建设信息. 2005(14)[10] 王桂强，马羽. 解释结构模型(ISM)在深圳地铁一期工程联调中的应用[J]. 铁道运输与经济. 2004(09)[11] 田权魁. 模糊理论与AHP相结合的BOT风险研究[J]. 低温建筑技术. 2004(02)[12] 戚安邦. 项目风险与不确定性成本集成管理方法研究[J]. 科学学与科学技术管理. 2003(12)[13] 杨赞锋. 基于风险因素的水电工程造价预测模型[J]. 三峡大学学报(自然科学版). 2002(06)[14] 肖维品，陈松吟，符宁强. 工程项目投标报价决策模型及其风险评估方法[J]. 石家庄铁道学院学报. 2000(04)[15] 胡玫. 建筑工程造价管理系统的分析与设计[D]. 云南大学 2013[16] 所滨立. 龙华建筑公司工程造价管理研究[D]. 吉林大学 2013[17] 段云萍. 建筑项目工程造价管理研究[D]. 燕山大学 2012[18] 朱其芹. 工程量清单招标模式下全目标工程造价集成管理研究[D]. 长安大学 2013[19] 文洁. 集对分析法在工程造价风险评估中的应用研究[D]. 湖南大学 2013[20] 黄治高. 工程量清单计价模式下工程造价全过程审计研究[D]. 山东大学 2013[21] 王雯. 建设项目实施阶段工程造价管理研究[D]. 中国地质大学(北京) 2012[22] 韦春晓. 建筑施工企业工程造价风险管理研究[D]. 北京交通大学 2011[23] 李庆中. 施工企业工程造价风险评估及应对策略研究[D]. 天津大学 2007工程造价论文参考文献三：[1] 王永刚，贾洪刚. 风电项目全过程造价控制与管理探讨[J]. 价值工程. 2012(32)[2] 柯晓灵. 基于价值视角的建设项目设计阶段工程造价控制研究[J]. 科技与企业. 2012(12)[3] 苏永奕. 建筑信息模型在建设项目全过程造价控制中的应用研究[J]. 洛阳理工学院学报(社会科学版). 2012(03)[4] 周燕伟. 浅谈FIDIC合同条款和国际EPC项目造价控制[J]. 建设监理. 2011(06)[5] 赵华. 浅谈建设项目全过程造价控制与管理[J]. 净水技术. 2011(02)[6] 王冰. 限额设计-房地产项目造价控制的有效手段[J]. 浙江冶金. 2011(01)[7] 樊春阳，张东强，陈爽，余龙娥. 基于限额设计的房地产项目造价控制[J]. 合作经济与科技. 2010(05)[8] 张跃明. 基于项目全过程的房地产项目造价财务控制体系的构建[J]. 当代经济. 2010(04)[9] 刘雄英. 浅论全过程造价管理[J]. 科技资讯. 2008(20)[10] 朱馥. 建设项目全过程造价管理存在的问题及对策[J]. 科技资讯. 2008(19)[11] 熊光蔚. 政府投资项目全过程造价管理问题研究[J]. 江西科学. 2008(03)[12] 周巍. 房地产开发项目造价控制与成本管理研究[J]. 特区经济. 2008(05)[13] 皮娟娟. 试论建设项目全过程造价管理[J]. 河南建材. 2008(02)[14] 郑波. 试论建设项目全过程造价管理的技术方法[J]. 科技创新导报. 2008(09)[15] 张淑华，齐伟军. 我国全过程造价管理存在的主要问题[J]. 煤炭技术. 2007(08)[16] 黄斐娜. 工程项目全过程造价管理研究[J]. 企业技术开发. 2007(07)[17] 刘映菲. 房地产开发项目造价控制探析[J]. 山西建筑. 2007(12)[18] 张一豆. 论建设项目的全过程造价管理[J]. 科技经济市场. 2007(03)[19] 谭远明. 建设项目全过程造价管理的弊端和对策[J]. 中国建设信息. 2006(08)[20] 田冬梅. 影响工程造价的主要技术因素及分析研究[J]. 西部探矿工程. 2005(03)[21] 郝建新，尹贻林. 我国非经营性政府投资项目投资控制问题研究[J]. 技术经济与管理研究. 2003(02)[22] 刘红清. 试谈全面造价管理[J]. 山西建筑. 2003(06)[23] 孔宪毅，平全虎. 论工程造价管理的一种新模式--全面工程造价管理[J]. 电力学报. 2001(04)[24] 尹贻林，王振强. 加入WTO对我国工程造价管理的影响及对策研究[J]. 数量经济技术经济研究. 2001(08)工程造价论文参考文献四：[1] 毛燕红，主编.建筑工程计价与投资控制[M]. 北京理工大学出版社， 2009[2] 王卓甫，简迎辉着.工程项目管理模式及其创新[M]. 中国水利水电出版社， 2006[3] 丁士昭主编，全国一级建造师执业资格考试用书编写委员会编写.建设工程经济[M]. 中国建筑工业出版社， 2004[4] 程鸿群等编着.工程造价管理[M]. 武汉大学出版社， 2004[5] 尹贻林主编.工程造价计价与控制[M]. 中国计划出版社， 2003[6] 马永军，张翠红主编.工程造价计价与控制[M]. 中国计划出版社， 2003[7] 郝建新主编.美国工程造价管理[M]. 南开大学出版社， 2002[8] 王振强主编.日本工程造价管理[M]. 南开大学出版社， 2002[9] 李慧民主编.建筑工程经济与项目管理[M]. 冶金工业出版社， 2002[10] 李世蓉，邓铁军主编.工程建设项目管理[M]. 武汉理工大学出版社， 2002[11] 陈建国主编.工程计量与造价管理[M]. 同济大学出版社， 2001[12] 谭德精等主编.工程造价确定与控制[M]. 重庆大学出版社， 2001[13] 周述发，李清和主编.建筑工程造价管理[M]. 武汉工业大学出版社， 2001[14] 戚安邦着.工程项目全面造价管理[M]. 南开大学出版社， 2000[15] 全国造价工程师考试培训教材编写委员会[编写],尹贻林主编.工程造价管理相关知识[M]. 中国计划出版社， 2000[16] 中华人民共和国建设部标准定额司主编.全国统一建筑工程基础定额[M]. 中国计划出版社， 1995[17] 张传吉编着.建筑业价值工程[M]. 中国建筑工业出版社， 1993[18] 王行愚编着.控制论基础[M]. 华东化工学院出版社， 1989[19] 李郁楠. 如何搞好建设项目的工程造价控制[J]. 门窗. 2013(01)[20] 李郁楠. 论施工企业工程造价控制的有效程序[J]. 科技创业家. 2012(23)[21] 史红. 前期阶段对建设项目的造价控制[J]. 江苏建材. 2006(03)[22] 谢颖. 价值工程在工程监理造价控制中的应用[J]. 东北林业大学学报. 2002(05)
百度文库里面有，你可以上这个网站去看看。
文库168有毕业设计外文翻译 很多
自己先找一篇中文的，再在网上用有道或其它网站的人工翻译翻译一下，也就付个一点钱，还是挺值的。 有篇中文的，自己去翻译。
Control of Parallel Inverters in Distributed AC Power Systems with Consideration of Line Impedance Effect在分布式交流电力系统中考虑连线阻抗影响时的并联逆变器控制 论文发到你的邮箱了
你学校图书馆的英文数据裤里面肯定有，你找找看，本科的外文翻译 要求不高 基本没人看
去淘宝找人翻译啊~~~~搜索 毕设 翻译 出来一大堆！！
有道和谷歌双管齐下，足矣足矣，都可以大段翻译
强烈推荐有道词典，不大20MB左右，翻译的又准！！
一个非常好用的软件可以帮你。投稿精灵是一个自助投稿管理的软件。软件目前集合了上百家的学术期刊在线征稿，打造一个安全的交易平台。投稿精灵简单易用，不需要任何的专业知识就可以完成职称论文的发表。在百度上搜索就可以找到，也可以搜索到他们的官方网站，就可以下载使用了。目前,我发了很多篇了，我还帮同事发了不少，西西，竟然还赚点差价，我现在拿出来分享，希望对你也有点帮助啊，记得给我加分啊r